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This research aimed to examine the opinions of classroom teachers about the supplementary resource books distributed free of charge by the Ministry of Education in the 2022-2023 academic year in primary schools. Phenomenology, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. Within the scope of the research, interviews were held with 20 classroom teachers working in primary schools. Looking at the research results, according to teachers' opinions; The explanation of the subject in the supplementary reference books is insufficient, the number of examples is low and they are above the student's level. In addition, the texts and questions in the supplementary resources are designed to be long and boring. According to teachers who compared the auxiliary resources distributed by the Ministry of Education with the auxiliary resources published by private publishing houses, private resources are more comprehensive in terms of question patterns, activity examples, attractiveness, and measurement and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ChatGPT is a language model that was trained on a large dataset including medical literature. Several studies have described the performance of ChatGPT on medical exams. In this study, we examine its performance in answering factual knowledge questions regarding clinical pharmacy. Questions were obtained from a Dutch application that features multiple‐choice questions to maintain a basic knowledge level for clinical pharmacists. In total, 264 clinical pharmacy‐related questions were presented to ChatGPT and responses were evaluated for accuracy, concordance, quality of the substantiation, and reproducibility. Accuracy was defined as the correctness of the answer, and results were compared to the overall score by pharmacists over 2022. Responses were marked concordant if no contradictions were present. The quality of the substantiation was graded by two independent pharmacists using a 4‐point scale. Reproducibility was established by presenting questions multiple times and on various days. ChatGPT yielded accurate responses for 79% of the questions, surpassing pharmacists' accuracy of 66%. Concordance was 95%, and the quality of the substantiation was deemed good or excellent for 73% of the questions. Reproducibility was consistently high, both within day and between days (>92%), as well as across different users. ChatGPT demonstrated a higher accuracy and reproducibility to factual knowledge questions related to clinical pharmacy practice than pharmacists. Consequently, we posit that ChatGPT could serve as a valuable resource to pharmacists. We hope the technology will further improve, which may lead to enhanced future performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Science Clips is an online weekly bibliographical digest showcasing over 46,000 scientific articles and publications from 2009 to present. The digest is curated by the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library to bring awareness to relevant and quality public health literature. This overview describes how users can access and navigate the database, and evaluates the database usability and relevance in public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to develop teaching materials in the form of a reference book based on studies of plant medicinal identification in the people of the Moloku Kieraha sultanate. The research involved students in semester 2 of the Unkhair Postgraduate Biology Education program for the 2023/2024 academic year. The study used interview sheets, observation sheets, validation sheets, and response questionnaires for data collection, and validation sheet and product trial analysis for analysis. The results of the research identifies 36 medicinal plants used by the Serawai tribe community in Torano Village, Central Ternate District, Maluku Province. Phytochemical analysis reveals that these plants contain secondary metabolite compounds, including tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. Students showed a positive response to the medicinal plant reference book that had been developed, with an interest level reaching 98%. Therefore, teaching materials are needed to guide students in conducting phytochemical tests to determine the content, benefits, and techniques of phytochemical screening in natural materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To systematically review the Indonesian Jamu reference book and summarize the available literature on commonly used formula for conditions like hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, skin diseases, arthritis, sexual disorders, and liver health. Gaps are highlighted and recommendations are made for future studies. Methods: Relevant information was extracted from book chapters into predefined categories. PubMed and Scopus were searched systematically for clinical trials, animal studies, and in vitro experiments evaluating Jamu formula and ingredients described in the book. Thirty (30) eligible studies were analyzed regarding proposed mechanisms of action, safety and efficacy. Results: Significant anti-hyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective and other relevant bioactivities were demonstrated in animal models evaluating formulations containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Curcuma longa, Orthosiphon stamineus, celery, green tea and Caesalpinia sappan. Small pilot trials also showed beneficial effect, but clinical studies are limited regarding quality and sample sizes. Conclusion: The findings provide preliminary pharmacological evidence largely supporting traditional Jamu use. However, well-designed randomized controlled trials in larger patient samples are needed to conclusively demonstrate therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Development of thermal insulation materials production requires new innovative approaches to their production technologies. Purpose. Study of chemical and mineralogical compositions of Shehzheli basalt for obtaining thermal insulation materials. Methodology. X-ray phase analysis methods were used (Shimadzu LABX XRD-6100). Phase identification was carried out according to reference books and the ICDD PDF-2 database. Originality. It was revealed that the main mineral of the basalt rock of the studied deposit is a feldspar mineral - albite. Findings We obtained data from X-ray phase analysis of samples, their chemical and mineralogical composition is similar to traditional basalt rocks, in the composition - minerals albite, quartz, chlorite, calcite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. An accurate urine analysis is a good indicator of the status of the renal and genitourinary system. However, limited studies have been done on comparing the diagnostic performance of the fully automated analyser and manual urinalysis especially in Ghana. This study evaluated the concordance of results of the fully automated urine analyser (Sysmex UN series) and the manual method urinalysis at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana. Methodology. Sixty-seven (67) freshly voided urine samples were analysed by the automated urine analyser Sysmex UN series and by manual examination at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Kappa and Bland-Altman plot analyses were used to evaluate the degree of concordance and correlation of both methods, respectively. Results. Substantial (κ = 0.711 , p < 0.01), slight (κ = 0.193 , p = 0.004), and slight (κ = 0.109 , p < 0.001) agreements were found for urine colour, appearance, and pH, respectively, between the manual and automated methods. A strong and significant correlation (r = 0.593 , p < 0.001) was found between both methods for specific gravity with a strong positive linear correlation observed for red blood cell count (r = 0.951 , R 2 = 0.904 , p < 0.001), white blood cell count (r = 0.907 , R 2 = 0.822 , p < 0.001), and epithelial cell count (r = 0.729 , R 2 = 0.532 , p < 0.001). A perfect agreement of urine chemistry results in both methods was observed for nitrite 67 (100%) (κ = 1.000 , p < 0.001) with a fair agreement for protein 46 (68.7%) (κ = 0.395 , p < 0.001). A strong agreement was found in both methods for the presence of cast 65 (97.0%) (κ = 0.734 , p < 0.001) with no concordance observed for the presence of crystals (κ = 0.115 , p = 0.326) and yeast-like cells (YLC) (κ = 0.171 , p = 0.116). Conclusion. The automated and manual methods showed similar performances and good correlation, especially for physical and chemical examination. However, manual microscopy remains necessary to classify urine sediments, particularly for bacteria and yeast-like cells. Future research with larger samples could help validate automated urinalysis for wider clinical use and identify areas requiring improved automated detection capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Wikipedia is the most frequently accessed online health information resource and is well positioned as a valuable tool for public health communication and knowledge translation. The authors aimed to explore their institution's health and medical research reach by analyzing its presence in Wikipedia articles. Methods: In October 2022, a comprehensive database search was constructed in PubMed to retrieve clinical evidence syntheses published by at least one author affiliated with McMaster University from 2017 to 2022, inclusive. Altmetric Explorer was queried using PubMed Identifiers and article titles to access metadata and Wikipedia citation data. 3,582 health evidence syntheses from at least one McMaster University affiliated author were analyzed. Results: Six percent (n=219) of health evidence syntheses from the authors' institution were cited 568 times in 524 unique Wikipedia articles across 28 different language editions. 45% of citations appeared in English Wikipedia, suggesting a broad global reach for the institutions' research outputs. When adjusted for open access publications, 8% of McMaster University's health evidence syntheses appear in Wikipedia. Conclusion: Altmetric Explorer is a valuable tool for exploring the reach of an institution's research outputs. Isolating Altmetric data to focus on Wikipedia citations has value for any institution wishing to gain more insight into the global, community-level reach of its contributions to the latest health and medical evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Problem‐solving skills (PSS) help to provide a systematic approach to dealing with and managing complex problems. The overall aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of developing and adapting a prison‐based PSS workbook for adults within a medium‐ and low‐secure hospital. Method: We used the Medical Research Council framework in our participatory mixed methods study incorporating an adapted survey (to identify what types of problems people experience in secure hospitals), a series of three interactive workshops (to co‐produce two case study examples for a workbook) and we gathered feedback from patients and hospital staff on the acceptability and feasibility of the workbook. Data from the survey were used to inform the case study examples, and the feedback from patients and hospital staff was descriptively summarised and the results consolidated. Results: In total, 82 (51%) patients took part in the survey; 22 patients and 49 hospital staff provided feedback on the workbook. The survey results indicated that patients regularly experience problems while in the hospital. Patients reported problems relating to restrictions of freedom and boredom. The workshops produced two case studies for the workbooks, with mainly positive patient and staff feedback. More work is required to improve the visual representation of the characters in the case studies, the amount and content of the language and the mechanism of the intervention delivery. Conclusion: The adaptation process proved acceptable and feasible to both patients and staff. The co‐production methodology for the workbook and feedback from patients and staff was an effective way of iteratively refining the materials to ensure that they were both meaningful and acceptable to staff and patients. Subsequent work is required to develop the workbook and evaluate the feasibility of the intervention delivery, recruitment rates, uptake and adherence to the PSS using a randomised controlled trial. Patient or Public Contribution: At each stage of the project consultation with patients and/or hospital staff was involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Library is a place that contains various resources and materials. Many invaluable knowledge can be found in the library. By analysing the library’s data, it is possible to obtain information that can further improve its services. This research aims to extract information from Multimedia University (MMU) library and present insightful visualization of the information to enhance the library administration. At present, the library does not have information on the book preferences of the library users. The book preferences statistics can be relatively helpful as the library will know what books can be imported in the future. By doing so, more people will visit the library and they will have more related books to use as reference or to read. In addition, there are no existing dashboards to display information on all borrowers, no visitor. In the absence of this, this research adopts the data science methodology to determine the book preferences of library users by using machine learning techniques such as clustering and classification. Lastly, a dashboard will be developed to display all the findings which includes statistics on the visitors and book preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the early 19th century, a peculiarly systematic way of organizing books emerged in Germany. This systematization, which purported to be a rational organization of subject matter, was an outgrowth of the philosophy of Hegel. This article attempts to outline Hegel's organizational practice. It argues that Hegel's encyclopedia was a reaction against the Enlightenment encyclopedia, and that it attempted to restore the systematic mindset of pre-modern reference books. Yet it did this, not in a straightforward fashion, but by developing a method for organizing material that both stresses the interconnectedness of knowledge and promises to be highly scalable. In its attempt to trace the Hegelian organizational method, this article revisits and calls attention to a forgotten work in Hegel scholarship by Michael John Petry, who was the first writer to seriously stress the importance of classification in Hegel's work. This article is an attempt to demonstrate that Hegelianism and information organization can be brought into fruitful and mutually beneficial dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the book by professor Santiago Fernández Mosquera about the Golden Age literature in Spain. The book addresses key aspects of literary works from this period, such as the works of Cervantes, Quevedo, and Calderón. It reflects on the jácara as a mixed genre, the use of monologue in theater, the characterization of characters, and the topic of the storm. The book becomes a reference for scholars of Spanish Baroque literature, also addressing aspects of Baroque theater such as space, plot, deception, decorum, and historical literary subgenres. The comedy "El astrólogo fingido" is highlighted as an example of a work in which the plot unfolds through the lies and secrets of the characters. The importance of deception in Calderón's life and work is also mentioned, as well as the concept of decorum in the works of Calderón and Quevedo. Additionally, the role of "marginal" characters in the new comedy is analyzed, such as the black character in "Los hijos de la Fortuna". Overall, the timeliness and usefulness of the monograph are emphasized, combining theoretical-literary and historical-literary knowledge. [Extracted from the article]

Aim: We compared mothers reading books to six‐month‐old infants or playing with toys and measured whether the maternal language input influenced the children's spoken vocabulary at 18 months of age. Method: This Taiwanese study recruited 46 dyads and video recorded them while the mothers read books to their infants and played with them with toys at 6 months of age. The mothers' lexical diversity, which is the ratio of different unique words to the total number of words, was measured. We then assessed the children's spoken vocabulary at 18 months. Results: The mother used more diverse vocabulary and a higher number of words when they were reading books than playing with toys with their children (p = 0.001). Maternal lexical diversity at 6 months of age accounted for 14.4% of the unique variance in the number of different words used by the child at 18 months. We believe that this is a novel finding. Conclusion: Mothers used wider vocabulary and talked to their infants more during book reading than when they played with toys. Diverse maternal vocabulary at 6 months of age positively influenced the number of different words their children used at 18 months of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extended breadth, brilliant historical background and powerful ancient empires lead researchers to conclude that Iran must have been powerful enough in those eras in scientific domains especially in terms of geographical knowledge. But the remaining scientific works in geographical arena isn't considerable enough. In the present study, using the literature review method, an attempt has been made to reveal few geographical references about Iran prior to the advent of Islam. These references are books, manuscripts, inscription and epopee forms. Among the books, the Avesta, Bundahisn, Denkart, and Menog-i Khrad have a significant importance. Moreover, Sahrestänihä ï Êrânsahr, The wonder and remarkability of Sagastän, History of Karkä de Bet Selök, The Chronicle of Arbela, Parthian Stations and Movses Khorenatsi are geography books that too discuss geographical issues of ancient Iran. The letters of ancient kings such as Ardashir-e Babakan, Tansar and Artabanus to Susa citizens also contain information about geography. Some inscriptions from ancient Iran have geographic concepts such as Darius, Persepolis, Susa, Xerxes I and Shapur I. There is a lack of geographers' name in ancient Iran same as scientific references about geography. Only two people named Isidore Charax and Movses Khorenatsi could be found who studied the Iranian geography, directly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on reading in a foreign language report that meaningful reading comprehension is determined by an individual's vocabulary size. A conclusion from these studies is that a vocabulary threshold of 8000-9000 words is compulsory for the reader to comprehend 98% of running words in academic texts and consequently achieve optimal comprehension of the materials. A threshold of 4,000-5,000 words can only assist readers to understand 95% of running words, which guarantees minimal comprehension. This study examines the relationship between the vocabulary size of undergraduate university students and the vocabulary coverage of reference books sampled from among those listed in their course outlines. This corpus-based and descriptive study used the Vocabulary Level Test (VLT) to assess the vocabulary size of 774 participants and a vocab profiler to analyze the vocabulary coverage of the nine sampled reference books. The results showed that, on average, the participants' vocabulary size would enable them to comprehend 95% of the running words in most of the books in the sample, but that size would not help them to understand 98% of the running words in any of the sampled books. These results suggest that, on average, no student in the sample could have optimal comprehension of the sampled reference books. Therefore, our study calls for the need to introduce serious reading programmes at the primary and secondary school levels so as to promote students' vocabulary size and reading comprehension ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe and compare the references cited in popular books about diet and health between the USA and Japan. Design: Books were selected based on their best-seller rankings in the diet and health category of online bookstores. We identified references throughout all pages of the books and examined the number of references, reference format (identifiable or not) and presence of specific types of references, such as systematic reviews of human research. We compared the characteristics of references between the two countries and examined related factors to citation. Setting: Cross-sectional study. Participants: Books (n 100 in each country). Results: Among 100 books from each country, sixty-five US and sixty-six Japanese books had references. Forty-five US books cited more than 100 references, against only five Japanese books. The number of books that cited systematic reviews of human research differed between the USA (n 49) and Japan (n 9). Additionally, the number of books that provided identifiable information for all references was significantly higher in the USA (n 63) than in Japan (n 42). Books whose first authors have licences of medical doctors were more likely to cite references than those without in both countries. Conclusions: Two-thirds of books about diet and health cited references in both the USA and Japan, but Japanese books cited fewer references and were less likely to cite systematic reviews and provide identifiable references than US books. Further research into the scientific reliability of information in books about diet and health is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Representation of disability in school textbooks may influence pupils' knowledge and perceptions of people with disabilities. The aim of this study was to investigate representation of people with disabilities in school textbooks. The study employed a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative frequency analysis was used to investigate the extent of representation of disabilities in texts and pictures in 78 Norwegian textbooks for Grades 5–10. Regarding texts, the results showed that people with disabilities were represented in less than half of these textbooks (49%). Concerning pictures, people with disabilities were even less represented, appearing in only 29% of the textbooks. These quantitative findings were supplemented by a qualitative survey of textbook authors, who were asked to explain the marked absence of disability references in their own books and in school textbooks in general. The two most frequent explanations were that textbook authors had either overlooked people with disabilities, or that the Norwegian National Curriculum (Kunnskapsdepartementet 2006. Lærerplanverket for Kunnskapsløftet (LK06) [The Norwegian National Curriculum]. ) did not explicitly mention this minority. We discuss these explanations as expressions of conscious considerations rather than unconscious omissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Design and development of educational organizations" is a book written by José Luís Muñoz Moreno and Joaquín Gairín Sallán that addresses the importance of continuous improvement and being open to the environment in educational organizations. The authors focus on theories, models, and intervention proposals in both schools and educational organizations linked to social and community development. The book is structured into four sections and eleven chapters that cover topics such as the philosophy of organizations, the design and development of educational organizations, the organization and management of different types of educational centers, evaluation and improvement of educational organizations, and the role of the organizational framework in innovation and research. This book is a reference for students and professionals interested in the organization and management of educational institutions. [Extracted from the article]

Land use/land cover sits alongside other basic types of information about a country, such as its population and economy. However, in contrast with population data, which have been supplied by the decennial British Population Census since 1801 (apart from 1941), the routine and periodic collection of land‐use/land‐cover data has proved more challenging. Notable exceptions include the First and Second Land Utilisation surveys of the 1930s and 1960s, and the Countryside Surveys using a stratified sample of 1‐km grid squares undertaken periodically since 1984. The focus here is on the land‐use/land‐cover data collected by the Ordnance Survey from the 1850s to 1880s as part of the cadastral mapping of the country at 1:2500 scale. This information was published in Parish Books of Reference. These documents for parishes covering the South Downs, a National Character Area and National Park, in East and West Sussex provide the attribute data for the land parcels that have been joined to digitised polygons in order map land use/land cover across this area for the mid‐1870s. Classification of these data into 20 land‐use/land‐cover types enabled visual assessment and quantitative analysis using statistical techniques and spatial indices to explore the complexity of the landscape. Having shown the feasibility of mapping land‐use/land‐cover data for the South Downs, the paper concludes by considering issues involved in extending this work to other counties for which the Books of Reference were published. The Ordnance Survey's Parish Books of Reference and other data sources have been used to create a land‐use/land‐cover map for the mid‐1870s covering the South Downs, a National Character Area and National Park in East and West Sussex. The spatial pattern of land use/land cover has been examined using descriptive measures and landscape metrics. The potential to extend such mapping to other parts of the country has also been considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: To compare the ability of the Cox regression and machine learning algorithms to predict the survival of patients with Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Methods: Patients diagnosed with ATC were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The outcomes were overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), divided into: (1) binary data: survival or not at 6 months and 1 year; (2): time-to-event data. The Cox regression method and machine learnings were used to construct models. Model performance was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), brier score and calibration curves. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was deployed to interpret the results of machine learning models. Results: For binary outcomes, the Logistic algorithm performed best in the prediction of 6-month OS, 12-month OS, 6-month CSS, and 12-month CSS (C-index = 0.790, 0.811, 0.775, 0.768). For time-event outcomes, traditional Cox regression exhibited good performances (OS: C-index = 0.713; CSS: C-index = 0.712). The DeepSurv algorithm performed the best in the training set (OS: C-index = 0.945; CSS: C-index = 0.834) but performs poorly in the verification set (OS: C-index = 0.658; CSS: C-index = 0.676). The brier score and calibration curve showed favorable consistency between the predicted and actual survival. The SHAP values was deployed to explain the best machine learning prediction model. Conclusions: Cox regression and machine learning models combined with the SHAP method can predict the prognosis of ATC patients in clinical practice. However, due to the small sample size and lack of external validation, our findings should be interpreted with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As adults, we intuitively understand how others' goals influence their information-seeking preferences. For example, you might recommend a dense book full of mechanistic details to someone trying to learn about a topic in-depth, but a more lighthearted book filled with surprising stories to someone seeking entertainment. Moreover, you might do this with confidence despite knowing few details about either book. Even though we offer or receive such recommendations frequently as adults, we know little about how the ability to evaluate and recommend information sources to others develops. Two studies examined how children (6–9 years, Eastern U.S. residents, n = 311) and adults (U.S. residents, n = 180) select mechanistic and entertaining information sources for others depending on their goals. Participants recommended books containing mechanistic information to agents who wanted to learn and entertaining information to agents who wanted to have fun. In contrast to adults who strongly favored entertaining books, children recommended both kinds of books equally to a generally curious agent. These results suggest children can infer others' information-seeking preferences based on their goals and recommend appropriate information sources to satisfy those goals despite possessing little topical knowledge themselves. Public Significance Statement: The current findings demonstrate young children can reason about and recommend information sources to others despite often possessing little relevant knowledge themselves. These findings also highlight a potential decline in interest in causal mechanisms into adulthood, which is of potential importance to educators wishing to increase interest and curiosity toward science, technology, engineering, and mathematics topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxic Chinese materia medica (CMM) has both pharmacological activities and toxic effects. Based on thousands of years of experience in the application of CMMs, people have explored many practical processing methods of CMMs, also known as "Pao Zhi", to reduce/control toxicity and preserve/enhance efficacy. Toxic CMMs have been used throughout China's hospitals. Yet, the production and use of toxic CMM should be carried out in accordance with the Chinese pharmacopoeia (ChP) and the processing regulations formulated by the health administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government. This paper summarizes the current understanding and awareness of toxicity and 45 toxic CMMs, the commonly used processing methods of toxic CMMs recorded in the 2020 edition of ChP, and the changes in the chemical component, toxicity, or efficacy profiles after processing. This review may provide useful information for the processing methods of toxic CMMs worldwide. We believe that with an in-depth study and understanding of toxic CMMs combined with a standardized application, the toxicity of CMMs will be predictable and controllable in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of Persian Scientific Papers (PSPs) on Persian Wikipedia by studying Wikipedia's citations to these papers. Design/methodology/approach: The present study is applied research, which has been performed by the web-mining method, such as downloading web pages, extracting information (references), identifying papers, detecting peer-review journals and calculating the frequency rates. The statistical population included 10,000 Persian Wikipedia Pages (PWPs) that were analyzed in two rounds with a six-month interval. Findings: The number of pages containing the Persian references section was 3,994 and 4,063 out of the 10,000 pages extracted in the first and second rounds. The ratio of pages that cited scientific sources (58 and 67 pages) to the pages extracted from the PWP was equal to 0.58 and 0.67%. The ratio of pages that cited scientific sources to pages with Persian references in each round was equal to 1.45 and 1.64%. The number of references extracted from the PWP in each round equaled 30,441 and 35,891. Eight titles from reputable Persian journals had received at least three citations from Wikipedia. Originality/value: The present study has determined the extent of interaction between science and society (knowledge flow) in the form of citations from Wikipedia articles to articles in peer-reviewed journals. The study of this issue in Persian Wikipedia in more than 2000 Persian peer-reviewed journals shows the originality of the present paper. Studying citation reliability in a collaborative and openly editable platform is another originality of the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of Islamic State is one of the most popular political concepts in the Islamic world, including in Malaysia. The study was conducted to look at the development of the Islamic State concept in general and its development in Malaysia in particular. Study is carried out qualitatively where a variety of references have been fabricated references based on authentic and reliable articles, books and reference materials. Study shows that Malaysia, after 66 years of independence, has experienced Islamization by its leaders in various aspects of life and administration in order to meet the criteria as an Islamic State and a Muslim majority. This study is to show Malaysia as a sovereign country that has a Muslim king and its administration held by leaders of various religious and cultural backgrounds lead by Malay Muslim has diversified their efforts with various brands and work movements in upholding Islam as a federal religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earlier research has shown that menstruation has often been constructed as a nuisance or a pathology in popular and medical texts. Drawing on poststructuralist discourse analysis of 10 contemporary self-help books on menstruation, 4 of which were chosen for further analysis, this article shows how approaches to menstruation in recent self-help texts diverge from these conceptions. Instead of portraying menstruation as something problematic, self-help texts represent the menstruating body as natural, manageable, and potentially empowering. However, by depicting relentless self-monitoring and self-care as routes to mandatory health and well-being, menstrual self-help texts also construct new norms of menstruating that contribute to individualized responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Putting children to bed is an everyday practice but is under‐studied in childhood research. Findings from this study of eight popular self‐help parenting books for 2‐to‐5‐year‐olds show that the books rarely, if ever, consider that children have voice/s, or social competence. Where the child does appear, it was to be silenced. Centrally, the authors push failure and responsibility onto parents. We found advice crystallised around either attachment‐led approaches, emphasising emotional availability, or behaviourist approaches. The discourses of sleep the books harness are professionalised external lenses. We explore the conflicting and sometimes contradictory ways they position children and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research compares automatic subject metadata generation when the pre-1800s Long-S character is corrected to a standard < s >. The test environment includes entries from the third edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, and the HIVE automatic subject indexing tool. A comparative study of metadata generated before and after correction of the Long-S demonstrated an average of 26.51 percent potentially relevant terms per entry omitted from results if the Long-S is not corrected. Results confirm that correcting the Long-S increases the availability of terms that can be used for creating quality metadata records. A relationship is also demonstrated between shorter entries and an increase in omitted terms when the Long-S is not corrected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of history writing in reaching a diverse audience and avoiding simplification or clichés. It highlights the efforts of professional historians to engage with non-traditional audiences and collaborate across sectors. The article praises a specific book, "United Kingdom" by Adrian Bingham, for its structure and thematic development, which allows for a broader discussion of the UK's historical context. It explores various chapters of the book, covering topics such as post-war problems, economic growth, national coherence, grassroots political movements, and the persistence of the UK's power elite formations. The article concludes by acknowledging the book's references and further reading suggestions, as well as its realistic tone in assessing the UK's current situation. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a review of two books: "Otherworld Women in Early Irish Literature" by Heather C. Key and "The Book of Kells, a Masterwork Revealed: Creators, Collaboration, and Campaigns" by Donncha MacGabhann. The review highlights the specialized nature of Key's book, which explores the status of women in early Ireland and their portrayal in literature. It also discusses MacGabhann's focus on the scribes and script of the Book of Kells, providing detailed analysis of the manuscript. The review suggests that both books are essential reading for scholars in their respective fields. [Extracted from the article]

Coptic literature abounds with references to books that never existed as physical objects in their own right. This article explores the role of fictional books specifically in a selection of Coptic apocrypha deriving from the entire period of Coptic literary production. Whether presented as apostolic, prophetic, or angelic; earthly or heavenly; historical or contemporary, references to fictional books could function as veracity devices, authority claims, or as materials for storyworld creation. Taking as its points of departure recent work on pseudo-documentarism, transnarrative storyworlds, and the cognitive effects of fiction, this article explores implicit claims to authority and authenticity, as well as the fuzzy boundaries and interrelationships between fictional and factual references in meaning- and world-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main causes of voice disorders in children with adverse vocal behavior include benign lesions of the vocal folds caused by voice abuse or misuses, such as vocal fold nodules, vocal fold polyps, and laryngitis. Long-term voice disorders can affect the physical and mental health of children. Reviewing the literature of the last two decades on "Vocal Fold Nodules," "Vocal Fold Polyp," "Voice disorder," "Voice Abuse," "Voice Misuse," "Pediatrics," and "Children" with the appropriate Boolean operators. Conclusion: A total of 315 results were returned on an initial PubMed search. All articles from 2000 to 2022 written in English or Chinese were screened. Duplicate articles, those relating to adults only or concerned with the malignant lesion of the vocal cord, were excluded, resulting in 196 articles of interest. Relevant references and books have also been consulted, and we provide a review of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of these maladaptive vocal behavioral voice disorders. What is Known: • Hoarseness is the most common voice symptom in children, and there are various causes of hoarseness in children. However, there is a lack of reviews on voice disorders caused by adverse vocal habits in children. • Voice training is a conservative treatment method for children with voice disorders , and it is important to clarify the factors that influence the effectiveness of voice training for children. What is New: • This review of the personality and family characteristics of children with adverse vocal behavioural voice disorders provides a valuable guide to the clinical planning of subsequent treatment. • This article discusses and summarises some of the factors that may influence the effectiveness of voice training in children and collates some of the scales and questionnaires currently used in children that are important in predicting the effectiveness of voice training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the need for a handbook dedicated to creating more resilient communities, despite the abundance of existing information on resilience. It highlights the disconnect between lessons learned from past disasters and the practical implementation of resilience strategies at the local level. It is further noted that COVID-19 pandemic further exposed deficiencies in understanding threats to community welfare and the application of resilience-related laws, policies, & practices.

This article examines the collaborative verse translations undertaken by the learned amateurs Nicholas Bacon and John Hobart in their 1664–65 correspondence. The letters reveal the pair's critical attitudes as translators, and also include their substantial discussion about secondary textual and antiquarian resources. This article argues that Hobart and Bacon have three distinct methods of dealing with difficult passages of their texts – conjecture, the collation of different editions and commentaries, and the use of antiquarian resources – which each enables them to think critically about a given crux whilst avoiding the finality of a definitive resolution. In these three methods, the pair invoke humanist antecedents as well as distinctively modern seventeenth-century resources such as reference books. In the latter case, the men also provide a notable case study in the practical use of a particular type of early modern book which is usually difficult to trace in the historical record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Botanicals are among the fastest growing segments of the dietary supplement industry in the U.S. The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA; Public Law 103-417 [Oct. 25, 1994]) provided a regulatory classification for the trade of numerous botanicals and botanically-derived products as dietary supplements. The global supply chain, the adoption of many botanicals that are also recognized as traditional medicines around the world as dietary supplement ingredients, and the differing recognition of the national and international pharmacopeias as sources for voluntary or mandatory quality standards present challenges in ensuring the quality of the ingredients and products. The complexity of quality assurance by compliance with pharmacopeial standards is illustrated in this article with a brief history of pharmacopoeias including their official recognition in national laws, their approaches to the science behind the standards, the use of reference standards for quality assessment and regulatory compliance, the use of pharmacopeial standards by the industry and regulators within the DSHEA framework in the United States, and a discussion of the global supply chain. Pharmacopeial standards can help regulators and the industry adapt to the new technologies that present both opportunities and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Great Dictionary of Taoism, published by Huaxia Publishing House in 1994 and compiled by the Chinese Taoist Association and Suzhou Taoist Association, is the first comprehensive reference book on Taoism in the world. The dictionary has provided invaluable assistance for scholars of Taoism. However, in the last three decades, with the flourishing research on the language of Taoist literature, the inadequacies in the Great Dictionary of Taoism have gradually become apparent. Therefore, a systematic revision of this dictionary is necessary. Based on a selection of 700 typical entries with obvious problems from the Great Dictionary of Taoism, this paper conducts a detailed study of their errors from five key areas: entries, meanings, definitions, documentary evidence, and convention. By providing examples and proposing correctional suggestions, the paper aims to provide a necessary reference for the revision of the Great Dictionary of Taoism. The Great Dictionary of Taoism serves as a vital link between the sacred world and the secular society in Taoism, and this study will help Taoist priests, believers, and researchers accurately understand complex Taoist ideologies and practice patterns. It is significant for the inheritance and promotion of Taoist culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The year 2023 marks the 140th anniversary of the birth of Academician Nikolay Stojanov and the 130th anniversary of the birth of Academician Daki Jordanov - two great names in the Bulgarian botanical science. It seems a good occasion to show our respect and gratitude to those scholars and university professors, who made the Bulgarian botanical science proud. Along with their concise biographical data, we shall learn about their advancement across the years in education, science, teaching and administration. Their major scientific works are also mentioned, most of which are still preferred as reference books by many Bulgarian botanists. They were our scholars, teachers, founders and first principals of the Institute of Botany with the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, organizers and chairmen of the Bulgarian Botanical Society. They used to occupy important administrative and management posts at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and Sofia University. Today, they are still constantly present with us to judge us by their high standards and enhance our self-confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are electronic reference books visible in academic libraries? A survey administered to librarians at colleges and universities in the southern United States is used to ascertain the presence and promotion of electronic reference books in academic libraries. Findings reveal that electronic reference books are not as visible in academic libraries (both online and in library buildings) as traditional print reference is. Librarians surveyed indicate they promote electronic reference books more than print reference books. To gain an understanding of what needs more marketing, librarians should examine usage statistics. Librarians should employ a variety of ways to market and promote electronic reference books, and assess which methods work best to reach patrons. In addition, librarians and classroom faculty should work together in collection development and in endorsing the usage of electronic reference books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A copy of the first volume of Mark Catesby's Natural history of Carolina which came to light in the 1980s, now in the Joseph F. Cullman 3rd Library of Natural History at the Smithsonian Libraries and Archives, Washington, DC, has unique significance as an abandoned and previously unknown issue, a variant formatted quite differently from the standard copies of Catesby's book. Numerous physical features, including calligraphic trials in pen and ink, copied outlines of parts of the etched images in graphite, pencil identifications and annotations, and evidence of burning consistent with other items in the Bartram collections, allow the identification of this copy of the Natural History with the one that Catesby mentions in his letters as having been given to his friend the Philadelphia botanist and collector, John Bartram. From these features it would appear that the copy was used by John's son, William, as a copybook for teaching himself ornithological drawing and as a reference book for his own scientific study. The sensitive and transparent hand-colouring of the plates which allows the etched lines to remain legible strongly suggests that the copy was hand-coloured by Catesby himself. The presence of brush trials and paint daubs further suggests the possibility of the volume having been used as an exemplar or a set of pattern plates for Catesby's colourers, while the possibility that William Bartram used it for matching colours while making his own natural history drawings must also be kept open. The authors aim to draw attention to several different explanations for the unusual features of this volume, while acknowledging that many questions remain unanswered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rising rates of mental health challenges among youths have become a significant concern following the COVID 19 pandemic. Although strong evidence supports the implementation of universal screening as a preventative approach to address unmet mental health concerns, the research is less clear surrounding the use of such data in decision-making processes when significant discrepancies between informants (e.g., students and teachers) exist. The purpose of the study was twofold. First, the study aimed to determine the degree of rater concordance between teachers and students on students' internalizing concerns. The second objective was to determine whether concordance on internalizing behaviors differs across ages/grades and if this differentially impacts distal (i.e., academic) outcomes. Results indicated that teachers and students demonstrated limited agreement on ratings of internalizing behaviors. However, when students and teachers agreed, higher and more positive emotional behaviors were linked to higher reading/math performance. Furthermore, patterns of informant dis/agreement and relationships between internalizing concerns and academic outcomes were similar across grade levels. Implications and areas for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims at: rooting for the truth of the jurisprudential portrayal, showing its importance, controls, and obstacles, and the impact of portraying the jurisprudential issue on jurisprudence and contemporary calamities. It is judged by a judgment, and the understanding of the jurisprudential issue and the coming down comes in the first place for the one looking into it before asking for its ruling, and this is of great importance and narrowing the gap of disagreement, and the depiction of the jurisprudential issue has controls, including: resorting to God and seeking help from Him, and exerting the wide in the perception of the incident the correct and complete perception, and sounding the words of the people Knowledge of problematic issues and comparison between them, reference to books that deal with mentioning the problem and its answer, knowledge of the jurisprudential skills and landmarks necessary when studying contemporary emerging issues, and there are a number of obstacles to depicting the jurisprudential issue, including: distance from the generation of companions and the creation of a new understanding, negligence and lack of understanding of the issue, and intolerance The doctrine, the error in transferring from the doctrine or not standing on it, the possibility of terminology, change and alteration in matters of life, and the depiction of the jurisprudential issue has important effects on jurisprudence and contemporary issues, Including: protecting the side of the Sharia from challenging it or replacing it due to its inability to include the rulings of contemporary calamities, and the mujtahid not getting reward for his diligence, and avoiding the occurrence of error in the jurisprudential ruling, or the abnormality of his saying, or adherence to it in what contradicts the rules of the Sharia, collecting sayings, and editing the place of dispute, narrowing the gap of disagreement, differentiating between similar jurisprudential issues, avoiding error in attributing to the doctrine or the scholar, and bringing the science of jurisprudence closer and understanding its understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The educational system's support for education and research includes the library and information center, which significantly influences how people teach, learn, and conduct research. The present research investigated the extent to which undergraduate and postgraduate students from various departments at Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning (SSSIHL), Anantapur Women's Campus, make use of library resources for their academic purposes. The objective of this research is to assess the library resources, services, and facilities available at Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning (SSSIHL), specifically at Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh. A comprehensive dataset was obtained from a group of 150 students who participated in the online survey and submitted full responses. The study's result found that the majority of participants 32.67 percent visited the library twice a week. Mostly use the library to obtain books and reference materials, and the resources offered by the library. Approximately 62.67% of the participants visit the library to borrow books and read the competitive materials, and 59.33% of them used the OPAC search tool to find required documents in the library. Furthermore, a significant number of respondents (94.67 percent) consistently relied on subject textbooks for their academic needs. However, the study concluded that the extent of library resource utilization does not have a significant impact on students' academic performance. Based on the study's findings, several recommendations were proposed to enhance library usage. The most prominent suggestion was to acquire more current and pertinent information sources for the library, ensuring that students have access to the latest research and educational materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article report that the World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed a monograph on Miltefosine in The International Pharmacopoeia to control the quality of Miltefosine active pharmaceutical ingredient on the market. It also presents information on the identity and quality control tests for Miltefosine, an antiprotozoal drug, including infrared spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography, for impurity A, determination of heavy metals, and water content.

The article presents the proposed guidelines for the quality control of Miltefosine capsules, a drug used in the treatment of leishmaniasis. It mentions that the document provides information on the definition, identity tests, and dissolution requirements for the capsules, and invites manufacturers, regulatory authorities, and other stakeholders to provide feedback on the proposed monograph to be included in The International Pharmacopoeia.

BACKGROUND: In multi-transfused thalassemia patients, serological phenotyping fails to test patient's actual blood group antigen profile due to the presence of donor red blood cell (RBC) in the circulation. This limitation of serological tests can be overcome by genotype determination using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. The aim of this study is to compare the serological phenotyping of Kell, Kidd, and Duffy blood group systems with molecular genotyping in the normal blood donors and multi-transfused thalassaemia patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples from 100 normal blood donors and 50 thalassemia patients were tested using standard serological techniques and PCR-based methods for Kell (K/k), Kidd (Jka/Jkb), and Duffy (Fya/Fyb) blood group systems. The results were compared for concordance. RESULTS: Genotyping and phenotyping results were 100% concordant for normal blood donors whereas those for thalassemia patients showed 24% discordance. The frequency of alloimmunization in thalassemia patients was 8%. The results of genotyping were used to provide Kell, Kidd, and Duffy matched blood for transfusion therapy to thalassemia patients. CONCLUSION: The actual antigen profile in multitransfused thalassaemia patients can be reliably determined using genotyping. This would benefit in providing better antigen matched transfusion therapy to such patients hence reducing the rate of alloimmunization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking arguments from hadith without accurate methodology will give rise to wrong narratives against Islam, such as radical ideology, takfir, tabdi‘ and extremism. There are currently groups that employ hadith proofs outside of their intended context. This abuse is capable of harming the public’s faith and comprehension. Consequently, this study will concentrate on the distortions of hadith arguments that occurred in the past and contemporary times by identifying the issue and its existence. This study uses a qualitative approach that will collect all inaccurate hadith argumentation methods from references in hadith books, sharh al-Hadith, manhaj istidlal and qawaʻid hadithiyyah in the discipline of hadith science. The data were evaluated descriptively and thematically. The impact of this research is useful in explaining the flaws in the context of hadith arguments and serves as a reference for students majoring in hadith and stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify the social prescribing-related terminology within the peer-reviewed literature of the UK and the grey literature from Wales. Background: Social prescribing has seen a period of development that has been accompanied by a proliferation of related terminology and a lack of standardisation in the manner in which it is employed. This creates barriers to engagement and impairs communication, both between professionals and members of the public. The Wales School for Social Prescribing Research and Public Health Wales committed to the development of a glossary of terms for social prescribing, to facilitate the clarification and standardisation of the associated terminology. Here, we describe the first step in that process. Method: A scoping review of the peer-reviewed UK literature and Welsh grey literature was conducted. The titles and abstracts of 46,242 documents and the full text of 738 documents were screened. Data were charted from 205 documents. Data capture included terminology, the location within the UK of the research or intervention described in the article, and the perspective from which the article was authored. A general inductive approach was used to categorise the terms by theme. Findings: This research serves to highlight the breadth and diversity of the terminology associated with social prescribing. Results demonstrate aspects of shared commonality and clear distinction between the terminology from the two literature sources. The greatest contributions of terms were from articles that examined research and/or interventions in England and that were authored from the perspective of health or health and social care. The research indicates that nation- and sector-specific terms may not be adequately represented in the literature at large. Looking forward, it will be important to ensure that social prescribing terminology within the UK literature is culturally relevant and accurately reflects the terminology used by the workforce who encounter and deliver social prescribing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

James Grier's new book takes something of a middle-ground, combining discussions of some of the major conceptual arguments over the function of notation with outlines of some of the key moments in its historical development. No book aiming to cover the whole history of notation in just over 200 pages could be expected to be comprehensive, and Grier can generally be commended for the wide range of his knowledge and analytical approaches. Histories of musical notation have hitherto tended to take one of two forms: the chronological survey of notational systems following the tradition of Johannes Wolf's I Handbuch der Notationskunde i (1913-19), or the more theoretical approaches over the past half-century that have situated notational practices in various broader contexts. [Extracted from the article]

A list of books about addiction is presented, including "Off the Hook: Coping With Addiction Series," "Women's Drug Use in Everyday Life" and "Understanding You Inner Child and Overcoming Addiction: A Recovery Manual and Workbook."

Of course, when the name of the Hanafī sect is mentioned, the founder Imam Abu Hanifa comes to mind, while it is clear that the name of Abu Yusuf and Imam Muhammad, who immediately took over as the spokesman of the sect, cannot be passed on without mentioning the name of the Hanafī sect. Besides these, Zufar al-Husayl and Hasan b. Ziyād will come. Abu Hanif is considered an absolute mujtahid, others are generally considered to be intra-sectarian mujtahideen. Although they all think the same about some issues, they can be divided into two or three groups in some, and they can all think differently about some issues. Among these students, Hasan b Ziyād stands out as his ravi because he narrated hadith from Abu Hanifa. He first attended Abu Hanifa's lecture ring, and when he passed away, he continued the lectures of Imam Zufar and Abu Yusuf and reached the level of ijtihad. Some of the scholars who have known him have said, “We have not seen any faqih before him.” He has trained many students. It has been claimed by some scholars that there are rumors that oppose the rumors that come with a strong ravi chain. Besides, many scholars have also modified it. There are no extant works of his. His views are reached thanks to references to his books in various Works. There is no study on the fiqh views of Hasan b Ziyād in our country. In the Islamic world, there is no study conducted on the al- Mabsut axis. In order to determine the views of Şemsüleimme es-Serahsi on the axis of al- Mubsut, it has been tried to be the first work that gives the most space to his views in a timely manner. Sarahsi notes that Hasan b Ziyād stood out among Abu Hanifa's other students in the field of asking questions, Deciphering ‘/main issues, and knowledge of accounts. It has been established that Hasan b Ziyād considers himself in opposition to the first three imams of the Hanafī sect in twenty issues related to worship. In three of these views, he considers the same as Imam Zufar. When we look at the views of Hasan b Ziyād, it is understood that he is an intra-sectarian mujtahid, since he performs ijtihad within the framework of the general procedure of the sect. It is seen that reasons such as the omen of verses related to the subject, the strength of the hadiths to be evidence, different comparisons and mental retention are effective in his thinking differently from other imams. Hasan b Ziyād thinks differently about the following issues in the department of worship: Wetting the head while performing ablution, vomiting is vomiting while praying, Bathing on Friday, well cleaning, the use of dog skin, travel betting, Friday is the adhan, performing prayer worship with sign language, Reciting the Fâtiha prayer in prayer, prayer is not accidental, an accident of prayer worship for a person who has just become a Muslim, prayer worship with the congregation, it's time for the afternoon prayer, violation of ablution during prayer, it's a nezir itikaf, alms given during the month of Ramadan, private matters related to women, farew. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]