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Objective(s): Evaluating the effect of fresh Oleaster leaf extract (OLE) and purified oleuropein (OLR) on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. HPLC analysis demonstrates the presence of various polyphenol compounds such as ligstroside, luteolin derivative, oleuropein, and comselogoside. Materials and Methods: Gastric ulcer was induced by administration of ethanol by the gastric gavage route. The olive leaf extract was analyzed by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS, and OLR was purified. These two compounds were given 2 hr before gastric ulcer induction by ethanol. Results: This study verified that OLE and purified OLR protect from ethanol-induced gastric ulceration and damage, evidenced by the significant decrease in gastric ulcer urea (by 74 and 58% respectively) and stomach mucus content (by 169 and 87% respectively). In addition, the ulcer index (UI) and curative index (CI) levels in the stomach of the rats treated with this supplement were also suppressed by 55 and 46%, respectively. OLE and OLR also decreased the gastric myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and ameliorated the nitric oxide (NO) content. OLE and OL also ingestion suppressed gastric tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-6) rates. Macroscopic and histological findings revealed that OLE and OLR protect from gastric hemorrhage, severe disruption of the gastric mucosa, and neutrophil infiltration. Conclusion: Overall, the findings demonstrate that OLE and OLR have both promising potential with regard to the inhibition of gastric hemorrhage and lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): To evaluate the gastroprotective potential of zafirlukast against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were included in this study and randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n=8); control (normal) group, indomethacin group, Ranitidine group, and Zafirlukast group. Indomethacin was given as a single oral dose of (20 mg/kg) for the induction of ulcers. Both ranitidine (50 mg/kg) and zafirlukast (20 mg/kg) were given orally for seven days after inducing the ulcer. All animals were sacrificed by an overdose of anesthesia at the end of the experimental period and their gastric tissues have been collected for histopathological and biological assay. Levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß) were measured as well as a histopathological study to evaluate the effect of zafirlukast on gastric tissues. Results: Significant abnormalities were found in both the histological and biochemical parameters of the indomethacin group reflecting the changes seen with gastric ulcers. Significant improvement was found in the Zafirlukast group as reflected by the morphological improvement seen in the gastric tissues. An effect that was associated with an increase in the PGE2 levels along with reductions in IL-1ß expression and TBARS concentrations. Conclusion: As per the results of this study, zafirlukast shows promising gastroprotective properties possibly through enhancement of PGE2 levels as well as having anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): This study aimed to determine the impact of cannabinoid agonists and antagonists on the mucosal lesion progress in the stomach induced by water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS). Materials and Methods: Rats subjected to WIRS for 4 hr were treated with Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), CBR1 agonist (NADA, 1 mg/kg), CBR1 antagonist (Rimonabant, 1 mg/kg), CBR2 agonist (GW405833 1 mg/kg) or CBR2 antagonist (AM630,1 mg/kg SC) 30 min before WIRS. Microscopic lesions, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines biomarkers, and (Myeloperoxidase) MPO in gastric tissues were determined. Results: Results indicated development of severe gastric lesions with a substantial increase in the contents of (nitric oxide) NO, (malondialdehyde) MDA, (interleukin-1 beta) IL-1β, MPO, (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) TNF-α, and a significant fall in the content of GSH and the activity of PON-1 after WIRS. Conclusion: Treatment with NADAand AM630 protected gastric tissues against ulcers as demonstrated by a decrease in the contents of MDA, TNF-α, MPO, and IL-1β along with an increase in the content of PON-1 activity and GSH in the stomach tissues. On the other hand, treatment with SR141716A or GW405833 showed no protective effects on ulcers development. It seems that cannabinoids exert their antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory effects against WIRS-induced gastric ulcers by activation of CB1R [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Aim of the present work was to investigate the antiinflammatory, analgesic and antiulcer effects of red seaweed Porphyra vietnamensis (P. vietnamenis). Materials and Methods: Aqueous (POR) and alcoholic (PE) fractions were successfully isolated from P. vietnamenis. Further biological investigations were performed using a classic test of paw edema induced by carrageenan, writhing induced by acetic acid, hot plate method and naproxen induced gastro-duodenal ulcer. Results: Among the fractions POR showed better activity. POR and PE significantly (p < 0.05) reduced carrageenan induced paw edema in a dose dependent manner. In the writhing test POR significantly (p < 0.05) reduced abdominal writhes than PE. In hot plate method POR showed better analgesic activity than PE. POR showed comparable ulcers reducing potential (p<0.01) to that of omeprazole, and has more ulcer reducing potential then PE. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that P. vietnamenis aqueous fraction possesses biological activity that is close to the standards taken for the treatment of peripheral painful or/and inflammatory and ulcer conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]