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In the face of the intensifying global climate crisis, the US has failed to implement comprehensive policies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. During the 2000s, the shale oil and gas extraction (i.e., "fracking") revolution highlighted the American energy economy. Is the fracking boom partially to blame for US lagging on climate policy? Political economy theory suggests that economic resources are primary drivers of policy outcomes. In this paper, I originally evaluate that claim in the context of the American states, the governments most powerful to mitigate emissions while the federal government faces gridlock. I first introduce an original measure of one state-level climate policy: adoption of the low-emission vehicle (LEV) policy from 1991 to 2015. I then frame the US fracking boom of the mid-to-late 2000s as a natural experiment, employing a difference-in-difference design to compare the effects of fracking on two climate policies across the American states - LEV and renewable electricity policy. Results yield evidence of a causal impact of the fracking boom on state LEV adoption and more suggestive evidence of an impact on renewable electricity mandates. I conclude by arguing that efforts to evaluate the influence of business on policy should account for "structural power" mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on protests in Warsaw against the European Union's climate policies, particularly the European Green Deal, with farmers and representatives from the Polish "Solidarity" trade union expressing concerns that the policies harm farming and industry in Poland.

The article discusses how to deal with the world's long-term problems, such as climate change. In 2004 a panel of experts known as the Copenhagen Consensus ranked the world's most pressing environmental, health and social problems in a prioritized list. Usually each of these problems is treated in isolation, as though humanity had the luxury of dealing with its problems one by one. The nation's and the world's long-term threats often get ignored altogether or are even made worse by shortsighted decisions. We have constructed rigorous, systematic methods for dealing with deep uncertainty. Striking a balance between the economy and the environment is one leading example of the difficulty in using science to inform long-term decisions. Analysts have turned to techniques such as scenario planning that involve exploring different possible futures rather than gambling on a single prediction. The European Union often favors the "precautionary principle"--in essence, basing policy on the most hazardous plausible scenarios. INSET: Overview/Dealing with Uncertainty.

The article focuses on the approach of California to reduce climate change and global warming. Topics include the growth of renewable-energy sector in the state, the decrease of greenhouse gas emission, and the inaugural address of Governor Jerry Brown on his environmental policies. Also discussed is the contribution of Mary Nichols, Chairman of the California Air Resources Board, in preventing air pollution.

An interview is presented with Christiana Figueres, executive secretary of the United Nations (UN) Framework Convention on Climate Change, on international cooperation on climate change policy. Topics include plans for a climate change agreement to be in place by December 2015, problems with the 2009 UN climate change summit in Copenhagen, the goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, and the role of fossil fuel companies and other businesses.

The article offers information on issues related to Canada's environmental law, particularly on public concern over climate change and the need for climate action. It highlights the Climate Justice Project, a research and public engagement initiative bringing several leading academic researchers from major universities in British Columbia together with environmental and social justice non-government organizations and trade unions. Information about greenhouse gas is provided. INSET: The CCPA's Climate Justice Project.

The article discusses the sharp increase in various governments' subsidies on clean energy policies including the U.S., European Union (EU), China, Japan, and Korea. It cites however, that the policy of the government has associated risks of conflict under World Trade Organization (WTO) subsidy disciplines. It states another option for international agreement on cleantech subsidy disciplines as United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiation.

The article presents the author's opinion on the U.S. climate change policy. According to the author, the U.S. is already working towards creating a post-2012 arrangement on climate change, a program from United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Bali in December 2007. She says that the U.S. already has ambitious national targets for reducing emissions. She opines individual countries will have to adapt to the impacts of climate change, regardless of their efforts.

This article comments on the Nobel Peace prize co-victory of former U.S. presidential candidate Al Gore and says his true message is unpopular. Gore says that the truth of his message is that Americans are going to have to change the way they live. According to the author, even the staunchest political environmentalist in the government won't get near the issue of personal sacrifice to effect the necessary changes.

The article focuses on U.S. President Barack Obama, climate change, and his policies and actions regarding environmental issues as of 2013. Details related to the fossil-fuel industry, domestic emissions, global warming, green technology, oil drilling, coal mining, hydraulic fracturing, and the oil pipeline system Keystone XL that stretches south from Canada are included.

The article focuses on the view of author Ross Garnaut concerning the Federal Government's climate change policy in Australia. According to Garnaut, climate change policy involves taking rational decisions under conditions of uncertainty. He suggests that the world should aim a 450 parts per million (ppm) global target, by targeting a 25% emissions reduction on 1990 levels by 2020.

The author opines regarding climate change policy and the need for governments to proceed in establishing such policies in the face of uncertainty. The author discusses the global ecosystem and population risks associated with delay. The author asserts that individual nations can act to manage climate change without waiting for a global consensus on climate policy.

The article reports that eight English cities have set targets to cut their own carbon footprints and tackle climate change. Birmingham, Bristol, Newcastle, Sheffield, Leeds, Nottingham, Liverpool and Manchester have promised to meet or exceed a 60 percent reduction in carbon emissions by 2050. Under the declaration, the cities also agreed to require the public and private sector to build climate impact considerations into their procurement, transport, housing, waste, water and land-use decisions.

The article criticizes Canadian provincial policy on climate change. Audits of Manitoban, British Columbian, and Ontarian provincial government reveal systemic failures to adequately compose and implement climate action plans, resulting in predictable failure to meet climate and emission goals including the establishment of a carbon pricing scheme.

Describes the accomplishments of the recent talks on the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change. Limit for greenhouse gases agreed to by Argentina and Kazakhstan; Treaty signed by the United States; Importance of the US finally signing.

The article offers the author's insights on the climate change policy in Australia and the impact of the Coalition Government election. Topics include the direct action plan proposed by politicians Tony Abbott and Greg Hunt on reducing carbon emissions, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and plan of newly elected Pope Francis regarding environmental issues.

The article discusses environmental policy in Canada as of April 2013, with information on the pending approval of the Keystone XL pipeline and government policy in the U.S. on climate change. Topics include Canadian policy on limiting greenhouse-gas emissions; the growth of Canada's oilsands industry; and the oil industry in Alberta, Canada.

The article presents a profile of the carbon tax program being advocated by the Australian prime minister Julia Gillard in 2011 to curtail climate change. Details are given reviewing the prominence of climate chance awareness and concern in the nation, statistics concerning greenhouse gas emissions, and the political climate of her program. Comments focus on the contentious reception of the bill by the greater public.

The article focuses on the environmental activism of Norwegian Environment Minister Erik Solheim. Particular attention is given to his job requirements. He is also head of Norway's Ministry for International Development. He believes that a significant issue of 2009 is how to adapt to climatic changes.

The article reports on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), to be held on the Indonesian island of Bali in 2007. Several of the main issues that will be discussed at the conference are explored in detail including the creation of an international policy on climate change to replace the Kyoto protocol when it expires in 2012, the reduction of emissions in developing countries, and deforestation.

The article discusses the coming economic costs of unchecked climate change, drawing on information presented in the British government's "Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change." Arguing against the positions of conservative U.S. legislators, the article calls for intensive policy planning to avoid future economic disaster.

The article offers information on the California's climate change regulations and also discusses a greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction program of the state. Topics discussed include implementation to the Air Resources Board (ARB), capping and trade to secure permits for their emissions beyond prescribed levels, and legal and political attacks on cap and trade.

The article looks at European Union (EU) politics and environmental policy, focusing on climate change. It outlines an agreement on greenhouse gas mitigation goals reached at an October 2014 EU meeting. The author assesses Europe's international influence on environmental issues and discusses the relationship between environmental goals and economic growth.

The article discusses environmental policy in British Columbia, Canada as of 2013, with information on carbon taxes and climate-change policies. Topics include criticism by B.C.'s auditor general John Doyle on the aim of the Pacific Carbon Trust to issue carbon credits to offset emissions by public-sector business, carbon accounting debates, and Canadian government policy for pollution reduction.

The article discusses the implementation of climate-change laws and environmental protection measures by national governments in order to slow the rate of global warming, with information on a carbon tax introduced in Japan, an emissions-trading program in South Korea, and green activism in Mexico.

The article reports on the implications of greening the energy sector in Canada through carefully planned labour and climate change mitigation policy. It states that the Canadian energy policy focuses on delivering environmental and labour outcomes than considering its long-term climate change improvements. It also notes that public policy that focuses on the planning and training of an organized labor in advancing green jobs in the sector reinforces reliance on traditional employment practices.

In this article the author discusses the use of scenario planning in climate change policy. He explains that one of the tasks in scenario planning is identifying the "official future," which allows for constructive discussion on alternatives. He highlights Australia's need to conduct national scenario planning and develop alternatives for the possibility that the country's "official future" of high-carbon, export-led growth might fall apart.

The article reports on a statement made by Cletus Springer, director of the Department of Sustainable Development of the Organization of American States (OAS) on their commitment to help stabilize the level of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. The OAS has developed a program to address the challenges of climate change. Following the 2009 United Nations conference in Copenhagen, the OAS organized a summit meeting in Trinidad and Tobago to discuss initiatives for a climate change policy.

The article discusses the need to stop global climate change and improve conditions for the poor of the world, and presents a list of principles uniting the various social movements pushing for environmental justice. These include the need for the developed world to change its economic and social policies, stop burning fossil fuels, and provide equal access to natural resources.

The article reports on the failure of the Chancellor of the Exchequer in Great Britain, Alistair Darling, to live up to promises of strong environmental measures in the government budget he presented in March 2008. The measures intended to curb climate change, such as environmental taxes and adjustments to emissions-trading schemes, are seen as modest.

The article takes a look at the bipartisan bill, America's Climate Security Act. The bill is co-sponsored by Senators Joe Lieberman and John Warner and would create a cap-and-trade system to reduce green house gas emissions 65 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. U.S. presidential candidate John Edwards is strongly opposing the bill, which will give billions to coal, oil, and other corporate polluters. The bill and Edwards' strategy against it are also discussed.

The article discusses the subject of climate change among politicians in Great Britain. While Conservative Party leader David Cameron has said little about environmental policy specifics, his public comments on airport expansion clearly suggest climate change as a primary concern. Labour Party politician Gordon Brown has been more cautious in his comments, mostly due to his support of the fuel price escalation of 1999. Brown is expected by many to replace Prime Minister Tony Blair by the end of 2007.

The article reports on the new momentum for the U.S. government to act on climate-change issues as a result of the Democratic Congressional victories in 2006. Barbara Boxer, Jeff Bingaman and Joseph Lieberman, three newly-empowered Senators, have sent U.S. President George W. Bush a letter urging his cooperation for the enactment of global warming legislation. The group also expressed their dissatisfaction over the level of U.S. participation in international negotiations on global warming and the reduction of its own domestic greenhouse gas emissions.

Discusses Britain's white paper on the environment. Subjects the paper might cover including climate change; Effects of the higher energy prices due to the Persian Gulf crisis of 1990; Targets for green policy; Possibility of creating a regular report on the impact of government activity on the environment.