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For the sake of prevention in high conflict families in process of separation or divorce who resolve situations by only attending court, and since there is no instrument to identify this trend, this paper aims to create a questionnaire for measuring characteristics predicting judicialization. This paper focuses on C-JUDIFA questionnaire's content and internal validity, confirming that the items used accurately describe the characteristics to be measured while obtaining a good representativeness of the proposed scales. Factor analysis supports the three-factor structure theoretically proposed, while finding a strong correlation between all 9 suggested constructs. Likewise, further research is needed in order to analyze the relationship of all these factors in the judicialization tendency through the research of external validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses psychological adjustment and checks a suggested theoretical model that relates the presence of psychopathological symptoms to a worse health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adult adoptees. The sample consisted of 177 young adopted adults (mean age 27.67). Measures of psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90), quality of life (SF-12), self-esteem (RSES), and resilience (BRS) were taken. The multiple mediation model shows that, in addition to the direct association between psychopathological symptomatology and a poorer HRQOL, resilience, and self-esteem have a buffering effect on this relationship. As a conclusion, empirical evidence of the impact of mental health difficulties on the HRQOL of adopted people is shown. The presence of positive psychological resources, such as resilience and self-esteem, causes psychopathological dimensions, such as anxiety, depression, phobias, or psychoticism to decrease. This paper supports the inclusion of resilience-building programs as a health promotion strategy, especially in the case of psychopathology, and among post-adoption services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Court preparation programs are a resource that aims to reduce the discomfort produced in child victims; nevertheless, studies on their effectiveness are scarce. The aim of this paper is to offer a review of these programs in order to know if the objectives foreseen in their design are being fulfilled and if the effect they are producing is really the expected one. To this end, a systematic search was carried out in the main databases following the PRISMA guidelines. The six included studies show that participants in preparation programs, as well as their primary caregivers and legal professionals consider that these programs reduce anxiety and facilitate victims' testimony. There is a need to adapt and implement these programs in Spain to reduce secondary victimization of children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research has identified the important role of emotional dependency in the dynamics of chronic intimate partner violence. The main objectives of this paper are to analyze the emotional and other related psychological variables (anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and anger) in male batterers and male non-batterers when they are involved in lasting relationships. The sample consisted of 100 people. A group of 50 male batterers in community treatment was compared to a group of 50 male non-batterers on measures of emotional dependency. Male batterers scored much higher than male non-batterers on emotional dependency. Furthermore, emotional dependency in male batterers was positively associated with depression, but not with anxiety, self-esteem, and anger. These findings support that emotional dependency in men is an important factor in the motivational dynamics of intimate partner violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widespread research on educational systems has made it possible to identify the main factors that define students' educational success. Nevertheless, these studies have not been very efficient when it comes to transferring their conclusions to the applied contexts where those who teach or make decisions about educational systems move. The main reason for this failure lies on the unfamiliarity of education professionals with the sophisticated statistical and psychometric methodology used by most researchers. The goal of this paper is to analyze educational systems using the Network Analysis methodology, which is very affordable, clear, and intuitive for teachers and educational leaders without a great methodological sophistication. A sample of 7,882 eighth-graders was used. Students' mathematical skills were evaluated and data were obtained from their educational context. Network Analysis was used calculating indicators of centrality, as well as precision and stability of the network. The results indicate that academic self-concept and academic expectations have an important effect on performance in mathematics. The findings match with those previously obtained with other approaches. The Network Analysis methodology offers an ideal combination of analytical rigor and interpretative simplicity, that provides a great potential to be used in applied educational contexts for evidence-based decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabajo persigue dos objetivos. En primer lugar, estudiar el efecto potencial de la percepción del clima escolar por parte de los profesores y de las variables motivacionales de estos relacionadas con los estudiantes en la satisfacción de los profesores con la escuela y el clima motivacional del aula (CMC). En segundo lugar, validar una batería de cuestionarios para evaluar las diferentes variables motivacionales de los docentes relacionadas con los estudiantes: conocimiento motivacional, enfoque de los docentes en las calificaciones y necesidades emocionales de los estudiantes y expectativas. En total, 441 profesores y 5,380 estudiantes de España y Costa Rica participaron en el estudio. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron la adecuación de la estructura de cada cuestionario. Además, los resultados de los análisis de correlación y regresión mostraron, en primer lugar, que la percepción del clima escolar, junto con las expectativas de los profesores, son los principales factores que pueden influir en la satisfacción de los profesores con la escuela. En segundo lugar, que el CMC no depende de la satisfacción de los profesores, sino solo de dos componentes del clima escolar, el apoyo mutuo de los profesores y las actitudes de los estudiantes, y de las expectativas de autoeficacia. En ambos análisis de regresión, satisfacción y CMC, se encontraron diferencias transculturales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rivière's Autism Spectrum Inventory (IDEA) was created in 1997 by Angel Rivière. Over the last 20 years, the IDEA has become a wide circulation questionnaire in Spanish-speaking countries. Due to recent changes in diagnostic criteria in new disease classification manuals (DSM-5 and ICD-11), it seems appropriate to propose some additional dimensions to the original instrument that help us to complete autism evaluation. The aim of this paper is to propose three additional dimensions to the IDEA inventory. The inventory was administered to a clinical sample of 151 participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder to assess reliability and validity of additional dimensions. High reliability coefficients in all dimensions were obtained (α >.96). Confirmatory factor analysis shows a model with appropriates goodness of fit indicators. This new proposal allows us to evaluate the classic four Autism Spectrum Disorders groups, including new aspects such as sensory modulation disorders, discrimination of sensations and emotions and motor disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual offences are common among the older segment of the offender population. Frequently, these sexual crimes were committed at an older age and were offenders' first known criminal offence. These men are labelled in scientific literature as "first-time older sex offenders". Their existence is difficult to explain through contemporary sexual violence theories, which correlate the influence of risk factors with an early age. This paper reviews the existing research about older sex offenders and its implications with the phenomenon of first-time older sex offenders. This area has been primarily focused on psychopathological and neuropsychological variables, neglecting the explanatory role of factors such as the way individuals cope with psychosocial and sexual changes associated with normal ageing. Furthermore, limitations of the risk assessment procedures used with older sex offenders, and their implications for professional decision making are also analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobbing is a psychosocial risk whose impact goes beyond victims' physical and mental health and, hence, affects organizations and society. Although historically this phenomenon has been studied from the perspective of Work and Organizational Psychology, the fact of being covered in the reform of the Criminal Code of 2010 and its increasing role in clinical and forensic context have raised interest in its approach and assessment. In the present paper, a systematic review of the most relevant assessment instruments—widely used and with reliable psychometric properties—in Spain and Latin America is carried out. In addition, the bases to assess psychological injury and the role of instruments when conducting the forensic evaluation of mobbing are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we reviewed primary study quality assessments in meta-analyses published in the main Spanish psychology journals. Specifically, we analyzed whether the coding and evaluation of the quality of the primary studies in meta-analysis based on the efficacy of interventions is a common practice. The purpose of this evaluation is also to report the relationship between quality and the reported results (effect sizes). It is found that 79% of the meta-analyses analyzed included a quality assessment. The relationship between the lowest quality of studies included in meta-analyses and larger effect sizes is also discussed. Finally, we stress the need to improve the reporting of meta-analyses including high-quality evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The holistic model of health requires the inclusion of emotions in prevention and promotion policies. A systematic review was carried out in databases Medline, PsychInfo, and ERIC to check the extent to which emotions are covered in health education. Sixty-six of the 648 papers reviewed were accepted, presenting a wide range of topics, theories, and terms regarding emotional health. Therefore, health education strategies that take emotions into consideration are still underrepresented in scie.jpgic literature. Moreover, a great terminological and theorical diversity is found among the ones that incorporate emotional health, hindering knowledge dissemination and generalization of results. The need for an implementation of a health education model where emotional education is included as an essential part of it, according to recent scie.jpgic advances is clearly shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the veracity of five very widespread ideas about the nature and treatment of child and adolescent depression that makes it difficult for children and adolescents to receive adequate treatment and that promote pharmacotherapy to the detriment of psychotherapy. These ideas are contrasted with the results of the more recent meta-analyses and studies located in PsycINFO and MEDLINE. These results indicate that, contrary to those ideas: 1) psychotherapy cures child and adolescent depression; 2) psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy for children and adolescents and interpersonal therapy for adolescents, is the first-line treatment over antidepressant medication for both mild and moderate-to-severe depression; 3) psychotherapy for child and adolescent depression is usually a short-term treatment; 4) child and adolescent depression is understood as a mental disorder, not as a mental illness; and 5) it has not been empirically proven that the main cause of child and adolescent depression is biological, instead this is only one more hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW), empirical evidence obtained by procedures fitting measurement standards is crucial to validate the most appropriate explanatory model. It is therefore essential to analyze the evidence provided by data obtained through the instruments used, what is its adaptation to the requirements of the measurement standards for psychology and how appropriate are the inferences of results. Therefore, this paper analyzes the relevance of including the gender category in the analysis of intimate partner violence against women and the epistemological and methodological consequences derived from its exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofeedback (BF) techniques were developed by psychology in the 1960s having then a long history in which they have proved their usefulness and therapeutic efficacy in a considerable variety of clinical disorders: neurologic, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, chronic pain, dermatological, sleep, respiratory, trauma and stress, among many other disorders. Practical applications of the BF include in particular Electroencephalographic Biofeedback (BF-EEG), known as Neurofeedback (NF), whose importance and clinical applications have grown and continue to grow rapidly thanks to the significant development in the fields of neuroscience and computer science on which NF rests. This paper describes and analyzes the technique and process of BF and NF, apart from their methodological foundations but, above all, from a critical point of view, the paper examines their main clinical applications together with the level of utility and therapeutic effectiveness currently achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to know the impact of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) on applied psychology, as well as the factors that could be related to this impact. The sample consisted of 242 psychologists trained in Spain, who were administered an ad hoc questionnaire consisting of questions that gathered information about certain sociodemographic variables and about the use or knowledge of EBTs for mental disorders in adults. The results indicate that, with the exception of cognitive-behavioral therapies, the impact of EBTs is limited, and the professional accreditation and the years of clinical experience may influence this impact. The findings of this study support the idea that the results of the research are not fully consolidated in applied areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the psychometric properties and an initial validation study of the Executive Functioning Scale for Children (EFS). The EFS assesses parents' and teachers' perception of the frequency of certain behaviors schoolchildren may present when performing tasks that demand attentional control, inhibitory control, metacognition, organization, planning, and cognitive flexibility. The participants were 307 schoolchildren, male and female (48.2% female), between 6 and 10 years of age (M = 7.69, SD = 1.07), belonging to the middle-low SES (17%) and low SES (83%). The children attended three primary schools from first to 4th grade in the province of Mendoza, Argentina. The informants were the teachers. The results indicated that the EFS offers a unidimensional structure, adequate internal consistency, temporal stability, and predictive capacity of school performance. These results suggest that the EFS is an ecologically valid and reliable assessment instrument that can be used to complement children's neuropsychological evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present difficulties in the interaction and social communication and cognitive rigidity and execution that make them especially vulnerable to bullying; however, research has been less profuse. The purpose of this paper is to review and consider the most recent studies on ASD and bullying. The method used has endorsed the PRISMA statement. The final sample is made up of 29 articles that reveal that these studies have been carried out with samples of fewer than 450 students with ASD. Likewise, it is pointed out that there are discrepancies in the understanding of bullying and the factors that predict it and that the prevalence of bullying is higher than the one published for normative schoolchildren. The results are discussed in comparison with previous reviews and new challenges are posed for the design of effective psycho-educational intervention programs specific for these students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares people who committed suicide with people who made some (mild or severe) attempt, identifying factors associated with each group. This study uses two samples in which sociodemographic and clinical variables of people dying by suicide in Navarre (2010-2013, n = 180) and people attending psychiatry emergencies for an attempted suicide (January-October 2015, n = 207) were collected. The results show that a non-violent method of suicide, not being retired, and the absence of previous suicide attempts are associated with those who perform mild attempts. Being a male, the absence of previous attendances in psychiatry emergencies and being born in Spain are associated with those who have committed suicide. It is concluded that the differences between the deceased and suicide attempts underline the need for differentiated approaches in preventing the recurrence of suicidal behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beneficial effects of mindfulness meditation (MM) have been observed in many studies, with attention to and awareness of the present moment possibly representing an essential variable. However, adhering to the meditation regimes is poor at times. As such, the effects of MM training on attention and awareness were examined here, and whether the means of recording the practice of MM – using paper (PP, n = 27) or through a mobile phone application (APP, n = 21) – produced any differences in terms of adherence to the training, or in attention and awareness. The results demonstrate that training enhances attention and awareness, irrespective of the format with which it was recorded. The APP reduced the rate of withdrawal from the training and it increased the time dedicated to the practice of MM each day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinship foster care is the most common child protection measure in Spain. This paper defines a profile of these families in three districts of the city of Madrid and proposes lines of intervention. A descriptive methodology is used considering the age of children and caregivers, family relationship, or kind of child protection measure. Results show that the most common kinship caregiver is the maternal grandmother, the most used form of kinship foster care is permanent administrative care and the protection measure mostly agreed upon is guardianship. Intervention should focus on problems related to intergenerational differences, relationship improvement, and the elaboration of children's life stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence against women is now regarded as a gender-based violence and recognized as a violation of human rights and a serious social problem of epidemic proportions, both by different international organisms and by governments in a growing number of countries. According to this consideration, studies for the analysis and characterization of this violence should place gender as a central category of analysis (i.e., they should be gender-specific or, at least, gender-sensitive). However, despite this, not a few scientific texts and papers continue to be written from what has been termed gender blindness. This article reflects on the possible repercussions of this "blindness", and on the need to start from a framework of interpretation that places gender at the centre of analysis and adequately dimensions this problem. For this, the most common form of violence against women is taken as an example, that is, the one that occurs in intimate partner relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reflection on gender blindness in research and in the academy is proposed from the paper "Gender in the analysis of intimate partner violence against women: From gender 'blindness' to gender-specific research". A joint work of the whole society through alliances is suggested to modify and transcend inter-sectionally the gender blindness. It is necessary to transcend gender confrontation from the feminist movement, requiring deconstruction and redefinition of gender norms, including the redefinition of the subject of feminism. It is necessary to expand the fight against gender violence beyond violence against women by intimate partners, which, despite being one of the most significant sources of feminicide, does not exhaust violence or discrimination against women or girls on the mere fact they are women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents two techniques for the data analysis of single case designs in psychological treatment research: indices of data overlap between phases to estimate the size of treatment effect (or the magnitude of therapeutic change) and Jacobson and Truax's (1991) statistical approach to estimate the clinical significance of treatment effect. Based on a case of a victim of terrorism who suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder and panic disorder with agoraphobia and received trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, this paper illustrates the computation and application of percentage of non-overlapping data (PND), percentage of data points exceeding the median (PEM), nonoverlap of all pairs (NAP), and statistical approach to clinical significance, and discusses their advantages and limitations as a complement of visual analysis of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the implementation process of two evidence-based programs in Gipuzkoa's Child Protection System (Spain): SafeCare and Incredible Years. SafeCare is a home visiting program for high-risk and neglectful families with children under 5 years. Incredible Years is a parenting skills training program for families with children between 4 to 8 years with behavior problems whose parents have significant difficulties to manage. The paper describes the process by which public institutions responsible for child protection in Gipuzkoa decided to shift from current intervention programs towards more structured, focused, and short-term programs that have shown positive results in previous applications in other countries. Issues related to programs adaptation, selection, and training of professionals and pre- and post-results obtained in the preliminary application of SafeCare and Incredible Years to a limited set of families are presented. Finally, the next step of the implementation process (pilot implementation with a randomized control trial design) is described. The paper discusses a significant number of issues that have been important throughout this process and that may be useful for administrations and institutions that wish to undertake a similar process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical inactivity has become a major public health problem because it is one of the biggest risk factors for multiple diseases. Walking is an easy way to increase physical activity (PA), and pedometers are technological devices that can help to increase and maintain the motivation for walking and PA in general. The main objective of this paper is to conduct a review of the existing scientific literature on the effectiveness of these interventions in adults. To do so, the paper will analyze the characteristics of pedometers and pedometer- based interventions, the characteristics of users who have enjoyed more benefits from these interventions, the main theoretical models for pedometer use in PA interventions, the advantages and disadvantages of using pedometers in PA interventions, and the potential of the new generation of pedometers to increase PA levels. Although more evidence is needed, results indicate that pedometers are useful tools to increase PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of suggestibility and hipnotizability has become a valuable research line in the last decades. However, most studies have focused on general population, and there are limited and insufficient papers dealing with clinical simples. The aim of the present study was to evaluate general suggestibility in a sample of patients (n = 147) compared to a control (non-clinical) group (n = 57), by means of the adminitration of an inventory of suggestibility. Clinical sample participants showed higher levels of suggestibility (overall score) and higher levels of absorption, emotional suggestibility, and influence of others (subscales) than controls. By clinical groups, social anxiety, panic isorder, OCD, and PTSD groups scored higher in suggestibility than controls. These results have relevant implications for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner violence prevention is a challenge that has received wide international interest. Homicide is the most serious result of this type of violence, although its prevalence is low and its etiology is complex. This paper briefly reviews the description of the problem from a gender perspective and the existence of asymmetry, the perspective of violence and its description of differential risk factors, and the ecological model that connects personal, contextual, and societal variables, presenting a more integrative proposal. Studies analyzing and comparing homicide profiles are described, as well as the state of the art regarding risk assessment, with special attention to the implications for the Spanish context. Finally, due to its relevance, the existence of typologies of homicides as well as profiles closer to suicidal patterns are discussed (in dyadic homicides and familicides). The available information highlights the need to expand the study of intimate partner homicides and the difficulty of anticipating many of these cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For long it was thought that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) were not adversely affected by stress and therefore were not included in stress research. In this paper, the Spanish adaptation of the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) was applied to 262 adults aged between 20 and 74 years old, 108 with ID and 154 without ID from Burgos, Spain. People with ID showed significant aged-related differences in social support in relation to age, people over 40 scoring higher than people over 50. In the group of people without ID, women used more strategies focused on search for support (M = 15.05, SD = 6.21) and on emotion-release (M = 12.16, SD = 4.3) than men (M = 10.00, SD = 6.21; M = 8.29, SD = 5.26), but men resorted more to the social withdrawal strategy (M = 8.09, DT = 5.19) than women (M = 5.05, DT = 3.82). People with ID were found to use problem solving, cognitive restructuring, and social support strategies less frequently than people without ID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the case of a 53-year old woman with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a train accident in Galicia (Spain) in July, 2013. The accident caused the patient several injuries and surgical interventions. The psychological impact is delayed and consists of PTSD symptoms, besides high anxiety, depression symptoms, and high anger. The treatment involved Prolonged Exposure into a broader cognitive-behavior therapy that included cognitive restructuring and training in emotional regulation to treat dysfunctional cognitive responses that promoted anger. The article describes the implementation of the treatment and the main difficulties encountered, namely, the avoidance of exposure to trauma memories and the premature end of the treatment at patient's request. We present the results of the treatment, including 1, 3, 6, and 12 months follow-ups and discuss patient's progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the case of a 53-year old woman with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a train accident in Galicia (Spain) in July, 2013. The accident caused the patient several injuries and surgical interventions. The psychological impact is delayed and consists of PTSD symptoms, besides high anxiety, depression symptoms, and high anger. The treatment involved Prolonged Exposure into a broader cognitive-behavior therapy that included cognitive restructuring and training in emotional regulation to treat dysfunctional cognitive responses that promoted anger. The article describes the implementation of the treatment and the main difficulties encountered, namely, the avoidance of exposure to trauma memories and the premature end of the treatment at patient's request. We present the results of the treatment, including 1, 3, 6, and 12 months follow-ups and discuss patient's progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the effectiveness or clinical utility of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral treatment (TF-CBT) that was delivered by videoconference in a 52 year old patient who was victim of a terrorist attack 30 years ago and suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD), social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). After 36 sessions, a clinically significant decrease in posttraumatic, depressive and anxious symptomatology was obtained and remained stable in the long term. TF-CBT delivered by videoconference seems to be effective when is used with victims of terrorism suffering from PTSD and comorbid emotional disorders in the very long term, although comorbidity and chronicity seem to require an increase in the number of treatment sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the effectiveness or clinical utility of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral treatment (TF-CBT) that was delivered by videoconference in a 52 year old patient who was victim of a terrorist attack 30 years ago and suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD), social phobia, and obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD). After 36 sessions, a clinically significant decrease in posttraumatic, depressive and anxious symptomatology was obtained and remained stable in the long term. TF-CBT delivered by videoconference seems to be effective when is used with victims of terrorism suffering from PTSD and comorbid emotional disorders in the very long term, although comorbidity and chronicity seem to require an increase in the number of treatment sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homicide is the most extreme sign of violence. It generates social anxiety when occurs in personal relationships, where usually women are six times more likely of being murdered. Although Spain has an intimate partner homicide rate against women below the European and the world averages and has policies to reduce all forms of gender-based violence, homicides continue to happen. So, to avoid further deaths, it is necessary to study the phenomenon extensively. Since 1990, homicide review teams in the family context have been developed in different countries. These teams analyze this kind of deaths in a multidisciplinary way in order to determine the common factors they present and the changes that should be implemented to avoid future violent deaths. This paper reviews the characteristics of the international teams, and also describes the origin, composition, and the operational structure of the recently created National Team for In- Depth Homicide Review of Gender Violence (EHVdG) in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child sexual abuse happens quite frequently and has serious consequences for child development. Disclosure of sexual abuse is often delayed; children often avoid telling because they are either afraid of a negative reaction from their relatives or of being harmed by the abuser. Child sexual abuse is often committed in private so there are rarely eyewitnesses and there is no external corroborating evidence. Therefore, in every case of child sexual abuse that goes to trial, it is often the child’s testimony that is the only one or the most crucial part of the prosecution’s case. In this paper several recommendations are proposed to deal with sexual abuse cases in order to improve the quality of children’s testimony, when minors are able to testify in court, and to protect vulnerable children from secondary victimization. At the same time protecting children in the Criminal Justice System must be compatible with the presumption of innocence of the accused. Some suggestions are raised to balance the rights of the accused and of the victim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to describe the personality in prison population and compare them with a sample from the general population in Ecuador. With this aim, the following instruments were administered in an individual session: the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III), the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). The results showed that there are significant differences between jail inmates and the general population in all measures. Antisocial and paranoid personality characteristics were the most prevalent in jail inmates; in addition, they presented higher levels of aggression and impulsivity. Regarding the presence of psychopathology, the higher prevalence of anxiety, delusions, and dependence on substances and alcohol should be underlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how motivation for change is related in juvenile offenders with attributions of responsibility and engagement with educators. A sample of 22 youngsters in a center for juvenile offenders in the Canary Islands (Spain) was used. After carrying out a process of interviewing and completion of scales of criterion variables (readiness and confidence) and predictor variables (attribution and bond), Fisher’s exact test and multiple correspondence analysis was used. Results show that attributions of responsibility are not associated with readiness nor confidence, but with bond (p < .01). As a conclusion, it would be useful to recognize and value the bond between youngsters and the educational team, since it mobilizes changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the relationship between stressful life events (SLE) and psychological symptoms (externalizing and internalizing symptomatology) and school and family adaptation in childhood. Participants were 552, 53.4% boys and 46.6% girls, aged between 10-12 years. Patients receiving treatment in mental health services and a community group were compared. At least one SLE in the past two years is experienced by 88.2% of children. SLE were significantly higher in the clinical group than in the community group. SLE are related to the increased presence of symptoms and lower levels of adaptation. The association between family SLE and hyperactivity symptoms is stronger in the clinical group than in the community group. Having experienced SLE and being a patient predict both symptomatology and adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic pain is considered one that persists for more than three months. The treatment of pain is complicated even more when the health professional has a second thought about a possible malingering. This is a deliberate attempt to simulate a disease or disability, exaggerating the symptomatology, with the aim of obtaining a benefit, which is usually of an economic type. This paper depicts the case of a patient treated for chronic pain in a pain unit, which is suspected of obtaining an economic benefit due to permanent disability. After the evaluation, a malingering process is ruled out and a cognitive-behavioral treatment is started. We describe the evaluation that allows to rule out the suspicion of malingering, the cognitive-behavioral treatment with the choice of scientifically endorsed techniques for the treatment of chronic pain and the results obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse if there is a positive relationship between resilience and spirituality in its three dimensions (intrapersonal, interpersonal and transpersonal) as shown in previous studies. At the same time, it explores if there is a relationship with sociodemographic variables. A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study in hospitalised palliative patients was carried out. Resilience (BRCS) and Spirituality (GES) were used as variables. A sample of 105 hospitalised palliative patients was chosen, of which the average age was 65.88 and 53.3% were women. Oncologic diagnosis = 86.7%, low cultural level = 59%; single = 56.2%, and average PPS = 54.2. Concerninn the relationship between resilience and spirituality, GES total and GES intra was 57.7%, GES inter 36.3%, and GES trans 37.3% (Pearson's correlation). As a conclusion, there is a positive correlation between resilience and spirituality, as it was proved in previous studies. However, the intrapersonal dimension has the strongest relationship with resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the academic year 2014/2015, the Education Department of the Government of La Rioja launched in eight schools in this region, on an experimental basis, the program "Explora" for the attention to students with high intellectual capacity. Both face-to-face and online workshops were planned. The implementation of face-to-face workshops (goals, contents, activities, student selection, sessions, etc.) was designed by the own educational centers in a traditional way. However, the four online workshops (maths, language, computing, and emotional intelligence) were developed following the Sports Approach by Joan Freeman. This paper shows the foundation, development, and evaluation of these online workshops. A qualitative and quantitative evaluation was carried out, with very encouraging results: big acceptance of the program by participants was confirmed along with the program appropriateness for the selection of students with high intellectual capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the sociodemographic, clinical, and health care variables included in the interconsultation reports (PIC) that bring adult patients over a period of 15 days, collected consecutively in the months of March through June 2015 from three mental health centers in Madrid (Colmenar Viejo CSM, Villaverde CSM, and Vallecas Villa CSM). The statistical analysis of data, including analysis of descriptive variables and dichotomous variables, shows the following results: two thirds of referrals are transfers to psychiatry and one third are transfers to clinical psychology; mean time in the waiting list is 74 days for clinical psychology consultation and 38 days for psychiatry consultation; preferential referrals are 31%, with 28 days of mean time in waiting list, being mostly intended for psychiatry; main referred pathologies are anxiety and adaptive and depressive disorders; 46.7% of patients transferred to mental health were already taking some psychiatric medication; clinical psychology referrals involve significantly younge and less medicated patients, significantly less preferential, and with fewer diagnostic and pharmacologic specifications in the PIC than psychiatry referrals. These results are consistent with previous studies, although we have not found other studies that include more than one mental health center, or analyze qualitative information contained in the inter-consultation reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents two studies that aimed (1) at assessing and comparing the subjective well-being (SWB), and functional capacity and body image of people with morbid obesity, candidate for or undergoing bariatric surgery (BS), and (2) at identifying the relationship among the components of SWB, BMI, functional capacity, and body image. The sample was composed by 48 patients in pre-surgery period, and 29 in post-surgery. Instruments used were the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, WHODAS 2.0, the Brazilian scale of figures and silhouettes, and the bateria fatorial da personalidade. Statistically significant differences were found between both groups in all the variables, except positive affect, comprehension and communication, and relationships with others. FC was correlated to all the components of SWB and contributed to explaining the variance of life satisfaction and negative affect. Personality traits turned out to be more important than other variables for explaining the variance of positive affect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to know the real situation in the use of information and communication technologies alongside the attitude of psychologists in Madrid Region. We conducted a quantitative research by means of a questionnaire based on previous literature reviews regarding the same topic in other countries. The sample consisted of all psychologists registered in the Spanish Psychology Association (COP), Madrid branch, with a total 486 responses. Only 26% use teletherapy along with other combined therapy modality involving face to face communication. Drawbacks in the study include primarily limitations of non-verbal communication and the therapeutic alliance, followed by confidentiality of data and technical problems with handling data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on the organization of parental responsibility after family breakdown and on its consequences for the offspring, and especially on joint custody. Therapeutic jurisprudence (TJ) is presented as an appropriate paradigm to guide the modification of laws, judicial proceedings, and the performance of practitioners conducting the cases, as it facilitates that family breakdown management leads to a positive parental co-responsibility that is centered on children's well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the dearth of evidence supporting nonverbal-emotional approach to lie detection has favored the development of cognitive orientation. According to cognitive orientation, lying is cognitively more complex than truth telling, such that an artificial increase of cognitive difficulty during an interview will lead liars to show indicators of cognitive overload. In this paper we argue that lying is not always more cognitively difficult than telling the truth. Automatically inferring deception from the observation of cognitive load indicators may lead to erroneous judgments. Practitioners must know how memory and the human cognitive system work, so they can understand the actual meaning of cognitive load indicators. Scientists should develop cognitive models of deception to guide their research, and should base their research hypotheses on specific cognitive mechanisms and processes. Finally, because emotions influence cognition, the role of emotions in lie detection cannot be neglected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with the development of a forensic version (EGS-F) of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptom Severity Scale according to DSM-5 criteria. The aim of this paper is intended to assess the symptoms severity of this mental disorder, as well as to detect probable malingering and symptom exaggeration among victims of gender violence in a forensic context. The sample consisted of 526 victims of sexual or family violence who sought therapy and 74 victims of the same kind who filed a complaint in court. Symptom severity was higher in victims assessed in the forensic context than in victims assessed in the clinical context. Items designed to detect probable malingering adequately discriminated between the two groups (t = 7.3, g = 0.97). A cut-off point of 2 in the subscale of malingering is appropriate to correctly classify the 74% of probable malingerers. This scale is useful for forensic assessment in victims of PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival of numerous unaccompanied asylum seeker children (UASC) over the past 20 years has been a challenge for the child welfare system in Spain. Child care resources and professionals have made a big effort to adapt services and procedures to the specific needs of these adolescents. This paper aims to describe the characteristics and needs of the UASC welcomed in Spain, and the intervention process carried out, in comparison with other countries. The documents published in each territory were examined, and individual interviews (n = 42) and group interviews (n = 8) were conducted with adolescents and professionals (n = 68) in 9 territories. The similarities and differences in each of the phases of care, as well as the specific needs of these adolescents in education, health, housing, transition to adulthood and social support, are described. There are significant differences in the model of intervention in each region, and in the creation of programs and services to assist these adolescents with adaptation to the host country. Further support for the transition to adulthood and attention to their emotional distress should be included in service provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modernization of the vocational education system in Spain dates back to the 90s. Since then, it has evolved significantly, taking the European directives as a frame of reference. With the extension of compulsory schooling until the age of 16, in 1994 a vocational training scheme was introduced within the education system at a very low level of qualification, particularly designed for adolescents classified as low academic performers in secondary education and for adolescents in situation of social vulnerability. Such training scheme was reshaped in 2006 and 2013. Our contribution is framed in a wider research developed within a European Project, aiming to provide a review of the literature produced around these programs, in order to compare the evolution of those 3 types of training provision in terms of the educational possibilities each one has provided for the adolescents that have participated in them. In light of these data and those produced by our research, in this paper we argue how adolescent subjectivities are produced. We rely upon the speech of teachers, head teachers and guidance teams that deal with young people in such training provision in the city of Valencia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to assess the risk of recidivism by analysing the impact of dynamic factors on adolescents in conflict with the law (ACLs). To this end we evaluate the social adjustment of a sample of 157 ACLs, using the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth tool (SAVRY) along with other qualitative analysis techniques to triangulate the empirical process. The extensive structure of relationships and occasional links that these ACLs have with formal and informal learning and employment networks point to a good level of adjustment in the future and a low level of recidivism. However, the risk of recidivism is increased by their limited ability to solve problems and their impulsiveness in dealing with difficulties. A special area of interest lies in the relationships and influences that ACLs form with their surroundings in order to avoid or indulge in high-risk practices. These have an effect on their everyday activities and can determine their level of social adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]