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Political campaigns on social media constitute a fundamental component of contemporary democracy. However, there is limited evidence regarding the evolution of the usability of these platforms in Latin American contexts. This article presents the results of a longitudinal investigation comparing the use of social media, specifically Twitter, by candidates in the 2019 sectional elections and the 2021 national elections in Ecuador. The methodology combines content analysis and discourse analysis of available resources (hashtags, photos, and videos) and the main themes. The objective is to comprehend the effects of communication dynamics on Twitter during electoral campaigns in Ecuador, focusing on the structure of relationships generated by messages and their relationship with social events. The results demonstrate a high usability of the resources offered by the platform for discourse projection. Thematic elements refer to campaign activities, partisan content, campaign-related slogans, or self-promotional phrases. In conclusion, the identified patterns during the elections and the evolution of these findings contribute to understanding the role of social media in campaigns, especially in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social protests of 2019 and 2021 in Colombia marked a turning point in the political culture of protest. From the perspective of the processes of mediatization, digitalization, and democratization that digital convergence confers on political participation, a reflection is made around the concept of participatory culture as the axis of analysis of the transformations of social protest, its media construction, and its individual and collective experimentation. Sixteen digital communicative pieces produced by native digital media were analyzed, which, supported by resources of digital communication, evidence a political and media culture of protest, supported by the logic of social media, with a strong counter-hegemonic and discursive opposition component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of new technologies applied to social interaction currently reproduces actions that violate human rights; meanwhile, they limit the capacity of the democratic State to unite in a fair way the diverse human ways of being. In consideration, the validity of equitable relationships of coexistence requires guaranteeing the prevalence of dignity in the situations that digital mediation presents. Consequently, the research has the purpose of analyzing the ethical limits of digital communication media; considering the relationship between the Extracontractual Civil Liability System and the violation of privacy in social networks. The type of inquiry is descriptive-explanatory, with a descriptive correlational design. The study considers a sample of 110 judges, prosecutors and lawyers from the Judicial District of Lima. It is about enabling legal strategies that guarantee the capacity of surveillance and control of the ways in which social mediations take place as a guarantor of common equitable provisions. It concludes that all interaction must be ethically regulated to make possible democratic arrangements for coexistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social networks have become essential means of communication and have modified the concept of political communication. Social media have nowadays an increasingly important impact on election campaigns worldwide, and, therefore, the latest election processes within the Latin-American context are ideal environments for this analysis, due to both the volatility and the richness of the political-electoral competition, and their capacity to influence the exchange of political information through the different emotions of the audiences. This paper presents a systematized study of the communication that took place in social media during the first round of the 2022 Costa Rican electoral process (February 6th). The information has been collected from the data available at the Digital Media Communication Observatory of the Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, using the social listening tools Minerva Data, Kantar IBOPE Media's Adspend and Mention, with the objective of revealing the digital conversation trends in this campaign, an unprecedented electoral process with 25 presidential candidates. The reports from the Digital Communication Observatory show the evolution of the electorate's behavior in terms of interaction, sentiment, topics and voting intention, during the first round of the 2022 electoral process, as well as the general dynamics perceived in the social media and public web environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the transformative and assurance processes in the educational quality of the Universities, it is important to consider aspects that allow the development and increase of the indicators in the educational programs of the Universities. This document describes in particular a case study of a Public University in Mexico, in terms of the insertion and development of actions and strategies of audio visual reality applied to undergraduate and postgraduate educational programs, in dialogue with the academic, research and administrative processes, resulting in a progressive advance that is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fingerprints left by participating in a highly digitized and hyper-connected world accompany individuals throughout their lives and are constitutive elements of their digital identity. This descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional case study based on the quantitative paradigm aims to describe the physical self in digital media, according to gender under its binary conceptualization of man and woman, in order to identify stereotypical gender behaviors that should be considered in the training process in students of the Chilean Health Sciences area. From the perspective of the participants, this research considered a non-probabilistic sample of 224 university students (164 women and 60 men) who participated voluntarily. Nonparametric tests were used since the data is ordinal and one of the advantages of these tests is that they should not fit any distribution and can be applied even if the parametric validity conditions are not met. To look for differences by gender, the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U test was applied (95 %; .05). Among the relevant results is the fact that men preferably use the internet connection available at home, women choose the one provided by their cell phone (p = .0469 and p = .0404, respectively). Likewise, the cellphone is the main technological device from which both prefer to access the network. From the sample, 79.88 % of women and 76.67 % of men state that they are, at least, 3 hours a day connected to the network. Women tend to identify themselves on digital platforms more frequently than men, using their real name and surname. Meanwhile, men tend to use nicknames more often than women. In this research it was concluded that students in the Health Sciences area are highly truthful in relation to the information they share in digital media, leaving data available that allows for a clear identification of their physical self on the internet. In addition, their main means of connection are their cellphones and the data networks that they provide through the use of their phone plans. There is a clear reflection of correspondence between their face-to-face and digital life, maintaining certain behaviors that can be attributed to gender stereotypes, but to a low degree. Finally, there is a clear need to include aspects related to digital competences in the training process that address the importance and proper management of communications in digital media, as well as the development and management of digital identity from a professional ethics perspective, since their actions on the network can involve and affect not only the construction of their own personal and professional digital identity, but also the personal lives of their patients and colleagues. It is important to note that these conclusions have some limitations, since this research is a cross-sectional study, and the sample was intentional per volunteer subject and not random. This implies that the results obtained are limited to the sample studied and describe its behavior at a given time. However, according to the purpose of the study, this type of sample manages to build a theoretical body that describes the common elements and the differences inherent in a collective case study, so it can be considered a good approximation to the Chilean reality. From a practical point of view, the conclusions of this research provide higher education institutions with evidence that allows progress towards a comprehensive, solid, and coherent training regarding the digital skills required by a university professional graduating in a highly digitized world. Considering the above, it would be advisable to advance in future studies that consider knowing what digital protection measures are incorporated in the training of university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Social Protest in Latin America: Narratives, Actors, and Impact" analyzes social protests in Latin America and their impact on the region. It highlights that these protests arise in response to the lack of compliance with human rights and inequalities in society. Recognized protest movements in the region are mentioned, such as the Zapatistas in Mexico, the cocaleros in Bolivia, and the indigenous people in Ecuador. Additionally, the importance of communication and digital media in the dissemination and strengthening of social protests is emphasized. The article also addresses different case studies in Colombia, such as collective action and territorial defense, social beliefs and emotional orientations regarding social protest in the Valle de Aburrá, sociocultural dynamics in a context of extractive mining economy in El Bagre, the use of technologies and digital platforms by the peasant movement in the Magdalena Medio, the diversity of women living on the streets in five capital cities of Colombia, the criminalization of social protest during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America, and the indigenous movement in Ecuador. In conclusion, the importance of analyzing and understanding processes of social protest in Latin America in a context of social and political change is highlighted. [Extracted from the article]

Social media currently occupy an increasingly central communicative space during electoral campaigns. Specifically, Twitter is one of the leading platforms in digital political communication, as it offers an overview of the discursive lines and strategies of parties and candidates. This becomes even more important during the COVID-19, which makes impossible to hold a traditional campaign. This is the case of the regional elections for the Community of Madrid on 4 May 2021. This research analyses the Twitter campaign of the main parties: PP, Más Madrid, PSOE, Vox, Podemos and Ciudadanos. Through a quantitative content analysis, 1760 tweets are examined and its thematic agenda, functions, emotions, COVID-19 and references to the candidates are studied. The results indicate the predominance of the Game Frame in the thematic agenda, combined with the criticism of the opponent as the main strategy. Negative emotions take a central place and COVID-19 is used as a political element during the campaign, with the PP candidate, Isabel Díaz Ayuso, as the protagonist of the campaign. Finally, the references to the candidates suggest a communicative strategy in a national key to attack political rivals, particularly the Spanish Prime Minister. Overall, this campaign opens a new communication strategy on Twitter that we have called digital negativity and that is based on the attack on political rivals as the main element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peruvian companies, through digital tools, share their products with consumers. The research pursued the objective of identify how the digital communication of companies influences the purchasing behavior of Peruvian consumers. A virtual survey was applied to a sample of 240 consumers. Significant results: 80% use a social network; 75% look for information on digital platforms and 68% maintain communication through digital media. Conclusions: the digital communication of companies directly influences the purchasing behavior of Peruvian consumers and consumers consider the digital presence of companies to be important [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses a cultural and legal analysis of the viability of marketing indigenous handicrafts through the use of digital media as a strategy to innovate and empower the enterprises of indigenous peoples living in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Through a legal and social documentary research study, several prevailing factors have been identified, such as insufficient and ineffective legal protection on the design of handicraft products and their incursion into ecommerce, as well as the conditions of marginalization and poverty, lack of access to Information and Communication Technologies and digital illiteracy in which artisans find themselves. This causes a disproportionate negative impact, both in the loss of cultural values and identity, as well as in the lack of economic gains and development opportunities for indigenous peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within journalism, social media has become a vehicle of communication that keeps the audience up to date regarding the content they publish. To manage this relationship, the figure of the community manager, a professional directly linked to studies of Information Sciences, is indispensable, especially in Journalism and Advertising. A qualitative methodology is used on the basis of Grounded Theory in 13 telephone interviews with Spanish media community managers. The data were later treated and coded with the analysis tool Atlas.ti version 8.4.3. Journalistic community managers have quite varied functions and are in constant evolution. The perception that the quality of content published on social media has more weight than results (in the form of clicks and interactions) prevails in an environment where information is consumed at high speed, and where competence is more difficult to discern. Journalism does not have to turn to social media only as simple intermediaries for official websites; it must build up a community of users interested in the media and the current topics being disseminated. Despite communicative noise, digital platforms are perceived as positive and as an effective tool for the medium, keeping the audience informed through the community manager's daily management as the voice of the medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peruvian companies, through digital tools, share their products with consumers. The research pursued the objective of identify how the digital communication of companies influences the purchasing behavior of Peruvian consumers. A virtual survey was applied to a sample of 240 consumers. Significant results: 80% use a social network; 75% look for information on digital platforms and 68% maintain communication through digital media. Conclusions: the digital communication of companies directly influences the purchasing behavior of Peruvian consumers and consumers consider the digital presence of companies to be important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Training teachers means confronting them with challenges that enable them to develop social and technological skills for their future career. This article seeks to understand which social problems teachers draw attention to on Twitter and the educational arguments they put forward to address them in class. The digital sources used were also examined. The sample comprised 574 students of the bachelor's degree in primary education at the University of Seville, and our research was conducted in three phases with two types of coding, open and axial, based on grounded theory. The analysis yielded 19 social problems, 4 levels of complexity of educational arguments, and 12 most frequent sources of information. The findings show a need to develop skills to improve the critical filtering of information obtained from digital media and the communication of social problems that can potentially be used in education. Our conclusions highlight the viability of these activities in promoting social media as tools to further knowledge for teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Currently, companies face constant transformations and innovations in order to maintain their competitiveness in the environment in which they are embedded. In this order, the institutional communication strategy allows organizing the efforts of the entities in terms of improving their dialogue with internal and external audiences. Objective: This work presents an approach to the institutional communication of Villalco Villa Clara through digital media, addressing the premises for the development of a web page that allows the company to inform and manage the public, in addition to building relationships and loyalty branded. Methods: The strategic planning of Villalco, Villa Clara and the entity's Communication Strategy were analyzed. A diagnosis of organizational communication was made. 6 managers and executives of the organization were selected. Interviews were conducted and the main problems were identified. Results: Strategic communication management is not implemented as a management approach. Limited use of information and communication technologies in the company. It does not have databases and / or access to information. Conclusions: With the use of a computer tool (Website), a company-community approach will be achieved and a better institutional communication management will be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Printed editions of local press show significant resilience to the impact of the digital society within the Spanish market for printed publications. By number of mastheads and total circulation, these have proven to be the driving force of the Spanish press, as reflected on the number of deep-rooted centennial titles. Disaggregated analysis of their circulation data, using descriptive statistics applied to time series (2001-2018) data from OJD, strengthens the historic difference between the Northern and Southern regions of Spain, where the first one shows higher adaptability and a better fit with digital media consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are in an era marked by misinformation, fake news, and a journalistic crisis. To the economic crisis that has resulted in the disappearance of jobs and numerous conventional media, especially in the printed press sector, one must add an intense crisis of trust. Among the options to escape from this situation, several communication theorists and some companies believe that blockchain technology offers new opportunities for high-quality journalism. Blockchain has its origin in electronic currencies, but it is increasingly being used in digital communication and journalism. This article is dedicated to the case of Civil, the first blockchain platform for journalism, which hosted tens of media, all accepting the commitment to respect the ethical standards imposed by the organization. This case study focuses on the following aspects: the mission and objectives of the Civil project, its origin and history, the structure and governance system of the organization, the role of the cryptocurrency itself, and the ethical principles and professional standards that govern the so-called Civil Community. In order to study Civil, we not only looked at the documents on its website and existing literature, but also carried out interviews with project members, some of them at its headquarters in New York. Likewise, we interviewed the person in charge of the first media that adopted blockchain technology through this platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This work focus on the study of how spanish think tanks use digital media to spread their activity and transmit their ideas. Methodology: Through content analysis, we analyze what types of communication tools are used in the digital spaces that are officially implemented (web sites and social media), as well as the use of these tools as unidirectional or bidirectional channels. Results: It shows that the unidirectional focus on dissemination of these organizations identities, closely linked to educative activities. Among the bidirectional, social media become relevant, and are used to generate engagement with its stakeholders. Discussion and Conclusions: Think tanks use digital communication as a strategy to disseminate their activities. This fact enhance the prospective of advocacy and a pretension to participate in the topics of public discussion with proposals on its framings (Bürger, 2015, Misztal, 2012). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the new forms of communication and awareness, specifically in the digital field through a case study of the ECOALF fashion brand, unique in the world for its contribution to the sector through the cleaning of the oceans. The use of unlimited expression by ECOALF through digital media leads to environmental awareness, a key message of its online strategies. It is a corporately responsible practice in the digital medium, especially of its social networks with which it communicates interactively and inspires the prosumer. It will deepen in how it transmits its business purpose and its good corporate practices through Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, as well as its website. A qualitative methodology is applied, using categorization processes, supported by discourse analysis and NVIVO11 software where the company's online publications from its first five years have been analyzed. As a conclusion, the main values that the brand transmits are discovered through its written language and the visual besides its complementarity between both languages when it comes to building their online strategies. In addition, you can see how the fashion company converts its production process into audiovisual material to be used for environmental awareness purposes worldwide for different fashion consumers, social networks, ecologists, cultural leaders and trend hunters, among others, without forgetting the digital literacy work that emerges from all this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the digital age, companies in pursuit of their interests have been forced to adapt to Communication and Information Technologies, making use of digital media to guarantee their validity. In this context, this study was born, with the objective of analyzing the management of strategic communication 2.0 developed by the main companies in the Telecommunications sector in Ecuador. This research is developed in three stages: the first, applies the bibliographic review to conceptualize and contextualize the evolution of digital communication in the country and in the investigated sector; the second seeks to describe the process of digital communication, through the analysis of the social network Facebook, to achieve this, metrics and Web analytics tools are incorporated; in the third, the communication management 2.0 is analyzed qualitatively. from in-depth interviews with experts in the area. Finally, a triangulation of information is developed that allows to describe communication 2.0. and the challenges of the new digital environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyze the relationship between the use of social networks as digi-impact channels and citizen participation of young Venezuelan university students; In the middle of an era where technological progress represents an open window of opportunities for the participation of society, it is the objective of this study. The results that came from the theoretical analysis and the critical reflexive argumentation of empirical references, demonstrate a positive influence on the relational dynamics of social networks for the citizen participation of university students that can contribute productively to the community, political and cultural life of the environment in the leading incorporation of new social actors in the interaction of political events in undemocratic states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the observation of social networks utilized by seven NGOs in Medellin-Colombia. It is a result of the research project "Colombia: NGOs, Public Relations, fundraising and post-conflict", whose objective was to describe the communicative reality of NGOs in Colombia, in order to determine whether they are prepared, at the level of public relations management, to obtain the financial resources needed to fulfill their expected role in the Colombian post-conflict. This study´s significance lies on the worldwide trend of the use of online technologies by non-governmental organizations in connecting with their target audiences. According to the results of the study, in its 2017 version, in Latin America, the average number of subscribers in NGO´s social networks ranges between 2,300, for small NGO´s, and 50,000 for large NGOs; 48% of these accept donations online; 94% have a profile on Facebook and 54% have a profile on Instagram. (Nonprofit Tech for Good, 2017) In developing this article, the researcher initially worked on building a theoretical framework that would allow a proper grounding of the results and their subsequent discussion. The five key concepts of this framework were: Communication, Non-Governmental Organizations, strategic communication, public relations and social networks. Subsequently, an observation was made with a time window of five weeks, between April and May 2018. Four criteria were considered in choosing the sample: 1. The researcher sought organizations that were affiliated to the Antioquian Federation of NGOs, since this guarantees that they are legally constituted entities, all possessing a recognized trajectory and responsibility in the fulfillment of their missions (Antioquian Federation of NGOs, 2018: 1). 2. Preference was given to NGOs based on the city of Medellín, one of the regions in Colombia with the largest number of these organizations. In addition, this allowed the researcher geographical closeness and the possibility of greater contact with the sample. 3. Focus was on NGOs that work on post-conflict issues. 4. First-floor NGOs were chosen, that is, those with direct contact with the beneficiaries of their actions. In order to collect the information, the researcher developed a matrix to record the activity that each entity developed in the networks. The characteristics of digital media were the central axis of the analysis of these publications. For this second part, four variables were taken into account: 1. Which social networks did the NGOs use? 2. What kind of content did they publish on them? 3. What was the most frequently recurring theme in these publications? And finally, 4. What where the composition parameters of the messages employed? This methodology utilized a mixture of qualitative and quantitative variables. Results allowed the researcher to show that all the organizations observed in the sample have profiles in the currently most popular social networks; however, their publications do not consider all the parameters that digital communication theory prescribes as needed for success. Among the conclusions of the study then, a low correlation was found between the theory of the strategic use of social networks, and the day-to-day practice of these organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid cyberspace evolution and the volatility of both, websites as well as online media requires an ongoing education of the technique and study methods. We have developed a new model of analysis, unifying previous designs and completing it with a contrasted results validation system. We confront this query from a global perspective and in line with Web 2.0 and social media. For this we start from the Communication Model Website (WCM), developed by Juan Narbona, which analyzes websites using four pillars: content and services, technical instruments, promoters and visitors. This model, valid for Web 1.0, was updated by Daniel Arasa in the Online Communication Model (OCM), which adds a fifth pillar to contemplate social media Also take into account we lean on a quantitative method measurement system the Sistema Articulado de Análisis de Cibermedios (SAAC), for further validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores political potentiality of online civic conversation for the constitution of alternative public spheres in Cuba. The analysis of the comments on migration in the Cubadebate site is articulated with a critical examination of the environment and the wider social context surrounding messages, in order to identifying how the interlocutors define common problems, how they explain moral premises supporting their opinions and how they establish an ethical relationship with otherness. It became clear that the appropriation of virtual spaces by Cubans for conversations about problems that affect them, even in mainstream media, contributes to the reconfiguration of their possibilities of autonomous action in the transformative scenario of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to formalize a proposal of multiservice schemes based on the Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast (DTMB) standard, using the TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) and LDM (Layered Division Multiplexing) techniques. It is a well-known fact, that TDM is a widely used technique, which has been implemented in multiple applications; on the other hand, LDM which grew out from the Cloud Transmission concept, is a new promising multiplexing technique for offering simultaneously stationary and mobile/indoor services with different robustness and bitrates using the same radiofrequency channel. Recently, LDM has been accepted as a baseline technology for the new generation digital terrestrial television standards (ATSC 3.0). The proposed LDM implementation that is addressed in this paper is based on a structure of two layers for the services: mobile and fixed. In the same way, three different scenarios of TDM schemes have been defined, with the aim of performing a comparative analysis of the performance of both schemes. Finally, based on the obtained results of the simulations carried out, for each of the multiplexing techniques were identified the optimal operating points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text addresses the use of digital communication of the Colombian indigenous movement, from the cases of the Communication Fabric of the ACIN and the Collective Winds of the CRIHU, for this it focuses on the analysis of the actions of mobilization of the Minga Indígena and Popular of 2008 and the recovery of Cerro El Berlín, held in Cauca and the Mingas of Liberation of Mother Earth in 2012 and 2013, held in Huila. Fundamental mobilizations in the historical struggle and the indige nous resistance, in these they articulated communicative and digital strategies, the appropriation of diverse supports and technological repertoires to counter the stigmatization of the hegemonic means and the reproduction of the state voice, thus to potentiate the political communication since Action and resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a discourse analysis of four digital media press in Chile with regard to mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The research, unprecedented for the Chilean case, is aimed at acknowledging the news framings by means of which climate change is communicated, since the media are the main source of information on climate change for decision makers and citizens. The results show that the primary definers of the topic are the governmental actors of national level and the invisibilization of individuals and civil organizations in the process. Thus, we see a high degree of consensus between the visible actors with regard to the framing of economic opportunity and the absence of framings of critical ecology. The conclusions point that this imbalance might influence a design of public policies with a technocratic bias, losing the possibility of building an integral vision of the development of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Communication technologies have made the use of resources additional to alphabetic text and images, easier. Nowadays, it is possible to use audio, video, touch and gestures as elements that communicate and give a whole sense to a text, leading to a greater acknowledgement of multimodal writing's importance in learning processes. Objective. To describe the effects of multimodal practices on learning and also the effects of the digital formats that allow communication, representation and interpretation of knowledge in the texts produced by students, beyond conventional alphabetic writing. Materials and methods. This study has an exploratory character. 123 fifth grade students participated, developing writing activities in a 20 weeks period, two periods of the school year. Among other instruments, a learning scale was used and the results analyzed here are derived from it. Results. The results obtained demonstrated that writing multimodal texts contributes to the students' learning about the conception of writing and the relationship with other curricular areas. Conclusion. A pedagogical perspective about the composition processes mediated by IT applications and/or devices can potentiate skills beyond technical orientations in students, involving cognitive, linguistic and communicative factors that give more sense to the academic work within digital environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technologies are a wonderful asset, but societies need to be aware of its potential dangers. This article argues the need for anthropological evaluation of ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies). The article is based on an extensive review of classic and recent works about Internet studies, and explores the meaning and human implications of the "digital revolution". Its goal is to shed light for conceptual thinking about digital environments. It focuses in five areas: what we could call "lonely togetherness"; the value of identity; information overload; community building, and what I will call the "power of the big five". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of twitter to purposes of external communication is widespread among institutions of higher education. The short messages and the free access to information have turned Twitter into the perfect channel to manage and control the reputational communication in the institutions. This research aims to describe the operation of the tool for purposes of external communication and, through analysis of the use made by Peruvian universities with more activity in these medium, details some principles that serve to promote the development of reputational communication in these educational institutions through the digital environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the following article we will analyse which common elements we can find in net activism practice, defined as communication digital media use and appropriation in a social conflict contest. Its starting point will be based on the interviews we carried out with the cyberactivism member's experiences that were decisive in popular movement identity construction and organization during the Oaxaca popular uprising in 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last century museums have undergone a number of transformations from the conceptual, functional and practical side that have enhanced their communications. The technological revolution, and more specifically the emergence of the Internet, has demonstrated its potential to set up and globalize a set of tools, called social media, able to establish a closer link between the institution and its audience. However, the essence of web 2.0 requires a change in attitude that will eliminate any trace of unidirectionality and allow participation. These requirements affect the configuration of the museum's communication strategy, which should integrate the digital side and keep in mind the particularities derived from it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The opera industry wants to renew its audience and has undertaken several strategies based on digitalization and audiovisual broadcasting to achieve it. In order to attract and create a stronger bond with new audiences, it is exploring different ways to update its information policy and modernize its image. By means of Internet, it has managed to get the opera show offstage, bringing it closer to the daily lives of its spectators thanks to video on demand (VOD) and to live streaming broadcastings. It has made the most of mobile devices to enhance their shareable presence, imitating the audiovisual commercial trends to arouse enthusiasm among its viewers and creating social networks to offer the audience a referential background. Finally, the opera industry looks upon its current state and its social integration as a means of regaining its relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reflection on the emergence of new forms of interactive digital media in the late twentieth century is proposed. Presented as a historical account written in the future, the main mutations experienced by the media ecosystem from the emergence of digital technologies and global networks are described. From a historical perspective the contemporary period is presented as an unintelligible and often contradictory period similar to other phase transitions, such as the Renaissance (XV-XVI century) or the Industrial Revolution (XVIII-XIX). The text also describes some of the theoretical implications and the most salient debates of that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital communication tools have become the air we breathe, the liquid medium in which we operate, so that we can hardly imagine not being connected, answering compulsively the emails piling up by the hundreds, following the tweets list that is updated faster than we can read them, trying to follow the broken thread of a Facebook conversation, tying the knots of our fragile professional links, clumsily typing with two fingers SMS messages as brief as often imcomprensibly spelled, and doing all this simultaneously and separately, plunging into the digital stream that promises a new kind of freedom through the constant dynamic motion. The truth, however, is that it is quite the opposite of what was promised, and we are increasingly becoming aware of the antagonistic effects that this speed without any purpose imposes upon our senses, our capacity for concentration and understanding, and our perception of the weight and importance of the moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between institutional communication and mediated communication contributes to shape social representations on public issues. In the research that is presented next, these relations are analyzed taking into account the external communication of a public institution, which has been studied through the Instituto de la Juventud press releases during three years, and its repercussion in the press during this period of time. The results obtained in this research allowed to draw conclusions on the forms of communication production of the aforementioned institution and the news treatment of information by the press and the digital media. The study of both the press releases and the news was approached from qualitative media content analysis and it focused, especially, in referential issues like the information treatment, the thematic analysis, and youth representations in the case of the releases; and in the visibility of the press releases in the elaboration of news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to both the digitization of press archives and the current financial, economic and journalistic recession, news libraries in online journalism need to re invent themselves. While performing their traditional tasks, news librarians are developing new skills so that their activity will continue to be considered a necessary and natural component of quality journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the emerging society based on knowledge through digital communication, one of the essential tasks is to analyze the innovating effect of new information and communication technologies, especially with the development of the Internet, which is leading to new forms of access, research, learning, and creativity. Our goal is to design a thematic research map, with its deficiencies and future perspectives on digital culture. This will be useful to experts working in the same field, and also accessible to scholars interested in communication and cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New technological developments in the audiovisual field has made necessary the drafting of new rules adapted to the big changes that are living inside the sector. It is a legislative necessary process that the professionals caom claiming and should answer three fundamental questions. The first would be to provide the sector with legislation which, on the one hand, will be adapt to technical change which will mean the transition from analog media to digital media and, secondly, ensure legal certainty for companies and protect the rights of citizens; the second issue that requires a new law is the need to transpose Directive 2007/65/EC of 11 December, to the internal Spanish Law and, last, is the convenience of compiling the whole regulation even in force trying to update the aspects that have suffered some change and to eliminate possible juridical lagoons that could exist. Facing this challenge, the Government has prepared a draft bill on which he has sought advice on the Council of State, which after a series of observations that request the Government to take into account, has given his approval for de Preliminary pass to undergo to approval by the Council of Ministers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current article aims at describing and analyzing non profitable media background and future expectations as well as regulations when facing digitalization in Spain. The research is carried out from an inductive perspective which implies using the documentary analysis, consultations to several sources and, eventually, interviews. Additionally, this paper aims at contributing to reflect on media social role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of the radio-frequency spectrum that has organized national and international broadcasting throughout the 20th century is under review. Not only there are new actors that demand a portion of this intangible and limited resource, but also a large and growing number of services put additional pressure on the traditional logics that regulate spectrum management. In this context, a key issue refers to the potential uses that will be given, as well as the benefits that will be obtained, from the amount of spectrum that will be freed up in the switchover from analogue to digital broadcasting. Therefore, the objective is to understand which are the opportunities and challenges the so called digital dividend will bring about: analyzing the transformations affecting traditional spectrum management, and considering the positions some countries are already developing (specially Spain and the United Kingdom). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile supports are gaining higher penetration in the market of digital communication. Keys to their definition are the concepts of mobility, support and service. The more developed one is the mobile phone, according to the International Union of Telecommunications in the present year there will be 4,000 million units of mobile phones. The present article explains the way in which nontemporality and ubiquity have formed a mobile culture. In the current market the telephone is a support product in Relations and is a server of contents which have special economic importance. It is interesting to observe its current characteristics in order to make a projection of its trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to measure the relationship between the digital information sources (Google, Yahoo and Encyclopaedia Britannica) and the turnover of the international art auction houses. The effect of the art turnover (estimated during the period 1997-2006) on the information sources (estimated on January 2007) was analyzed. The results showed a major influence of turnovers on the Net (mainly Google than Yahoo) than on the Encyclopaedia sources. Also, the information sources on the Net only affect the future art auction house's turnovers (Google is more useful than Yahoo). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To identify the use and application of technologies currently being implemented by organizational communication professionals. Materials and methods. A study of cases was made in ten companies from the Aburrá Valley, Antioquia, Colombia. They have used information technologies (IT) for their internal communication management. The instruments used were a survey, and a conducted semi structured interview practiced to the professionals in charge of communications. To analyze the information, the results from both instruments used results were co-related. Results. The use currently being given by the communication professionals studied to digital tools is to produce media for informative flow. Not only IT are applied on bulletins, intranet and e-mails among others, but also on corporative texts: Letters, memos, etc. The professionals studied consider that using digital media is pertinent and affirm that they had a great impact on the organization. The group studied acknowledges that digital media offer benefits for communication. None of the companies had an impact evaluation or a satisfaction study of digital media. Conclusions. Digital media can not be considered as such if they are applied simply for communication flows in a unidirectional way. Despite the fact that companies have employees with no access to those digital media, no solutions have been implemented in order to include them. The media are implemented without providing responses to specific requirements of the organization and their impact has not been evaluated yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the challenges which will take place in regards to the digital television transition. It focuses on several changes that will occur due to the enhancements in digital media. Some of the problems and uncertainties that may occur, according to the author, have to do with the quality of the picture on various different televisions. The article also provides information on the changes in digital resources, television menus, manipulation of digital effects and learning an enhanced television vocabulary.

The article discusses the change over to digital television in Chile. The specifics on the switch, which, according to official programming, will take place in 2014, are about to be decided upon by those looking out for political, economic, and technical but have neglected to take into account television viewers' opinions. No matter what the outcome, the change over to digital television should include a variety of channels and options for the end users and also satisfy the needs and requirements of the country, as well as represent the home culture in the process.

In the year 2010 there will be an "analogical blackout" in Spain. Institutions, television networks, media corporations, as well as program producers and distributors, are preparing to take the leap into the digital decade. Some recent measures have led to the appearance of new analogical channels, while more and more licenses for digital broadcasting have been granted. However networks have not made a full commitment to designing and offering contents that will awaken the interest of viewers in the new digital television, mainly due to financial considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article takes a look at digital media libraries and how they influence online journalism. The medium has undergone tremendous changes in structure and its relation to its audience. It clarifies the role of digital documentation in today's society and how it has transformed communication since the pre-digital era. The article also mentions other technological advances of digital media including the role of intermediaries and the use of the Internet as a primary source of information. The article cites information retrieval as another key aspect in digital media.

This article analyses the challenge that Internet has involved to traditional mass media. The author thinks about how enlínea media have evolved to a hybrid between traditional media with digital characteristics and contents of main doors. The "medio-portal" begins, whereas main doors create channels of news to prevent the loss of users. This article collects the main informative differences between both media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discurre sobre la prevalencia de conversaciones por las pantallas de dispositivos móviles y la falta de comunicación cara a cara. El autor comenta sobre la importancia de conexiones y relaciones interpersonales. También se considera el impacto del uso de los medios digitales en el deterioro de la empatía.