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During the first decades of the 20th century, the supply of paper for the printing industries in Mexico became a problematic issue. Production difficulties, price increases and poor distribution during the monopoly of the San Rafael factory started a deep debate on the modernization and interference of the State in the paper industry. This article analyzes the transition between the private monopoly and the creation of the public company, Productora e Importadora de Papel Sociedad Anónima (PIPSA) in 1935, during the government of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940). Through parliamentary debates, press articles and ministerial reports, the questioning of the monopoly as a public policy, the birth of PIPSA and the results in its first years of operation will be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the characterization of the work of art as a map of intensity, as proposed by Gilles Deleuze in his essay What the children say (gathered in Critique et clinique), will be analyzed. Art’s cartographic aspect is linked to the concept of deterritorialization and the Body without Organs that the philosopher, along with Félix Guattarí, develops in Thousand Plateaus. Thus, the art-cartography represents the becoming-world of the subject that transits the Body-without-organs and the intensive differences that populate the desert of multiplicity. Each way travelled is descripted by an artistic map where the haecceities and the thresholds of flows that pierce through the disorganized bodies are portrayed. The map of intensity would be the cartographic representation of the haul travelled by a subject immersed in a hodologic space, being every line of the map a journey within an intensive space [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the characteristics of papers presented at medical student conferences of Sociedad Científica Médico Estudiantil Peruana (SOCIMEP - Peruvian Medical Student Scientific Society) between 2017 and 2019, as well as the factors related to their publication. Materials and methods: An observational, cross-sectional, bibliometric, retrospective and secondary-source study based on the books of abstracts of papers presented at scientific conferences between 2017 and 2019. The data were analyzed with the Stata Statistical Software: Release 13 using descriptive statistics. In the multivariate analysis, prevalence ratios were calculated with a 95 % confidence interval and p < 0.05 in the crude and adjusted analyses. Results: From a total of 447 papers, 170 (38.0 %) were completed research studies, 168 (37.6 %) research protocols and 109 (24.4 %) case reports. In addition, 233 (52.1 %) authors came from a university in Lima and 183 (40.9 %) were from public universities. Moreover, 376 (52.1 %) papers had an advisor among the authors, 332 (88.3 %) of whom were physicians. The frequency of publications accounted for 11.4 %. The prevalence of original-article publications was 131 % higher (aPR: 2.31; 95 % CI: 1.22-4.37, p = 0.010) and 63 % lower (aPR: 0.37; 95 % CI: 0.17-0.81, p = 0.014) among papers presented in 2019 compared to 2017, thus being statistically significant, with p < 0.05. Conclusions: One out of 10 abstracts of papers presented at SOCIMEP conferences was published; however, this number is still low. Among the factors associated with the publication were presenting a research paper as an original article and in 2019. The results of this study will help the university leadership to strengthen research through strategies and/or programs linked to the student scientific production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we study the particularities of editorial practice in contexts of confinement in Argentina through the systematization and analysis of five publications, already published or in the process of being published, which were formulated within the framework of pedagogical-political practices carried on by the Prisons Extension Program of the Philosophy and Literature Faculty of the University of Buenos Aires. These five cases will be addressed in order to observe what meanings guide the editorial processes through the marks imprinted on them by the specificity of the writing that summons them and the territory to which they belong. Publishing in the context of a pedagogical project developed by the university configures collective territories where writing and publications can display and carry plural voices, which are strengthened in that plurality forged in the heat of individual and collective subjectivation processes made possible by education and writing. Editorial practice is inseparably intertwined with actions aimed at defending rights, narrating lived experiences and building a collective history which are part of the desires and expectations regarding publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Ave Maria Casa Madre Eco-School has run the international Litter Less Campaign to reduce and prevent paper waste in our school. Paper waste has been monitored and weighted along the 2020/21 school year in every single classroom. This Eco-School methodology agrees to the didactical approach of an outdoor teaching set by Mr. Andres Manjon. Method: We have used a travel digital luggage weigh scale to measure each paper waste per classroom. All data have been collected on an Excel sheet. Results: We have collected 140 kg of paper waste along the school year. Primary School classrooms have achieved the heaviest waste (53 kg), followed by the Teachers´Lounges (50 kg), Secondary School classrooms (21 kg), Bachillerato classrooms (15kg), Basic Technical Education FPB (2 kg) and Preschool -Infantil (0 kg). Conclusions: The amount of paper waste and its quality have been certainly improved along the school year due to the implementation of the Litter Less Campaign. This project has encouraged students and teachers to a more responsible paper consumption at our EcoSchool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work "Andalusia from Cordoba: New Contributions to Historical Andalusianism. The Córdoba Magazine (1917-1916). Study and Bibliographic Index» by Manuel Hijano del Río is an exhaustive and rigorous investigation of the Córdoba magazine published between 1916 and 1917, which played a fundamental role in disseminating the proposals of the Andalusianist movement led by Blas Infante. The author provides a comprehensive view of the magazine, its contents, and its historical context, allowing for a deep understanding of its impact on the politics and culture of Andalusia. Additionally, the work provides valuable bibliographic indexes and enriches research on historical Andalusianism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research work carried out presents the objective of perfecting the design of the rotary vacuum filter from the raw material pulp of sugarcane bagasse, with a view to increasing the productivity of the Over Mechanics machine for the production of paper in the Business Unit. Basic (UEB) Cuba 9. To meet this objective, the specific theoretical methodology in pulping was used; The percentages of consistency in the inlet, mat formation and outlet streams were calculated, and the readings of the inlet streams were recorded before and after refinement, using operational technical methods and the control laboratory with its equipment intended for these purposes. The results reflect an increase in productivity of one ton per day, which translates into values such as an income derived from an increase in productivity of 8,000 pesos per month. This improvement was carried out in July 2022 and to date it has been possible for the production process to remain in operation, as suggested in this work, so the improvement can be classified as correct and applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the topic of paper laboratories and science in the pen of early modern authors. The importance of knowledge as power and its relationship with the scientific revolution of the 17th century is highlighted. The creation of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge in 1660 and its relationship with Francis Bacon's empiricism are mentioned. During the Restoration period in England (1660-1689), women had greater participation in public and cultural life, thanks to the social and cultural openness promoted by the Charles II regime. The figures of Margaret Cavendish and Aphra Behn, two English authors who ventured into literature and science of the time, are highlighted. Both authors used satire to criticize the misuse of technology and science. In the article "A Soup of Amorphism and Extravagance: Science in The Emperor of the Moon," Behn's satire on science and the spectacular practices of the time is analyzed. The article also highlights the participation of women in scientific thinking and debates of the time. [Extracted from the article]

This article starts from the following question: how does playing enable learning from experiences that children create to escape the routines and prescriptions of the curriculum? To bring problematizations from this question, we developed an ethnographic investigation from a post-critical perspective in a municipal public school. The argument developed here is that children experiment, invent and create ways to play to escape the routine of school curricula, and thus learn by playing and play by learning. Based on the experiences that children themselves are exposed to, we understand that by exposing ourselves to the good affections they allow us to have, we also need, as teachers, to invent other times, intervals, durations, extensions to proliferate learning in school curricula, which escape of the rigidity and control given by the normative prescriptions that constitute many curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The excellent physical and chemical properties of Abacá and Japan papers make them one of the most used materials in restoration of cultural assets on paper. The objective of this work is to characterize the fibers that compose them and identify plant genera or species that were used in their manufacture. M&M: Fibers from samples of each paper and previously collected reference plant material were disintegrated. The diagnostic characters of the fibers were observed with a photomicroscope and photomicrographs were taken. Subsequently, the homologous characters were compared by relating the Abacá paper fiber samples with those of Musa sp. and the Japan paper samples with Broussonetia sp. and Euonymus sp. Results: There were coincidences between the diagnostic characters of the paper fibers of Abacá and Musa sp. Regarding the Japan paper samples, there were results consistent with Broussonetia sp. but not with Euonymus sp. Conclusions: According to the results observed between the Abacá paper fibers and the samples of the collected living material, we infer that the Abacá paper contains fibers of Musa sp. In the Japan paper samples, the similarities observed between the diagnostic characters of the fibers with respect to the reference plant samples indicate the presence of Broussonetia sp. fibers. There is no evidence of fibers of Euonymus sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary artistic practices were provided with a space for reflection and the creation of opinion in the galleries of the Fundació Espais and in the pages of its art magazine, Papers d'Art. A group of independent voices of multidisciplinary artistic production was made audible thanks to this publication that provided a critique which forged dynamic connections between artistic meaning and social and cultural contexts. This paper highlights a shift in meaning of the conception of contemporary art as a key element in intellectual culture, including politics, philosophy, science and other creative formats such as music and literature. Based on an analysis of the critical awareness of the various contributors to the magazine and on the historiographic study of certain aesthetic and symbolic questions, a review of the articles published in the Studies and Research section is detailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve an increase in the profitability of tissue paper production, this research aimed to identify factors that affect the degree of pulp refinement and the tension index of the tissue paper when using short fiber, long fiber and Quimizine B enzyme. The methodology considered laboratory experiments, obtaining refining curves, multilevel factorial design and response surface diagrams. The results indicated that the most significant common factor in the pulp refining degree and tension index is the specific energy consumption for both types of fiber, and that optimal operating parameters can be known by analyzing the refining degree and tension index independently and simultaneously. It was concluded that the multilevel factorial design allowed to identify significant factors that influence the properties of the refining degree and the resistance of tissue paper when looking for an individual and simultaneous optimum and, that the influence of the enzyme increased the properties of the refining degree and the tensile strength of the paper when using raw material of short and long fiber from Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus radiata, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was to analyze the role of machine data learning in systematic literature reviews. The Natural Language Processing technique called topic modeling was applied to a set of titles and abstracts collected from the Scopus database. Specifically, the Latent Dirichlet Assignment (LDA) technique was used, from which it was possible to discover and understand the underlying themes in the collection of documents. The results showed the usefulness of the technique used in the exploratory literature review, by allowing the results to be grouped by theme. Likewise, it was possible to identify the specific areas and activities where machine learning has been applied the most, in relation to literature reviews. It is concluded that the LDA technique is an easy-to-use strategy and whose results allow a wide collection of documents to be approached in a systematic and coherent manner, notably reducing the review time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research paper publication has a well defined process that is framed in the context of academic activity; the refusal to publish the research paper is an academic work rejection that can lead the researcher to academic duel, condition that the researcher must overcome soon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychometric properties of the Argentinian version of the ASSIST and its factorial invariance for two administration formats (paper-pencil and online), were analyzed. Two samples were employed. In one of them, the participants (n=700) completed the ASSIST in paper and pencil format, and in the other (n=835), they responded online. The model fit for both samples was tested obtaining adequate indices. A factorial invariance analysis then compared the model for the two administration formats, verifying adequate metric invariance. Furthermore, the internal consistency of the instrument dimensions for each sample was analyzed and compared. Results showed good coefficients. Finally, the comparison of dimension scores between the samples did not produce variations. The results and their practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish Association of Administrative Law Professors (AEPDA) will organize the XIX AEPDA Congress at the University of Lleida on January 31st and February 1st, 2025. The theme of the congress will be "Water Law in Spain: Forty Years Later". Communications and posters are invited to be submitted for the congress, with a deadline of December 10th, 2024. The call for communications and posters, as well as the provisional program of the congress, are attached. [Extracted from the article]

We carry out mesoeconomic and mesoanalytical analyses of the structure and economic dimension of the book production process in Spain. For this report, the following have been carried out: (1) 43 in-depth interviews with experts have been conducted; (2) the information provided by Panorámica de la edición española from 1996 to 2019 has been systematized; (3) financial information from 2,683 companies for the period 2019-2021 has been obtained through the Sistema de Análisis de Balances Ibéricos. The report contains: (1) an original and rigorous way of analyzing the book production process in Spain; (2) novel quantitative and qualitative information about publishing companies, as well as their suppliers of goods and services: editorial services, packagers, graphic arts divisions, the paper industry, and software providers; (3) relevant information about the context in which book production takes place in Spain and the national and international institutions involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: la producción de papel está soportada principalmente en la madera debido a su alto contenido de celulosa. Sin embargo, actualmente se buscan fuentes alternativas que desestimulen el uso de este recurso favoreciendo la protección de los recursos naturales. La producción de cacao es una actividad económica importante en Colombia, sin embargo, genera grandes cantidades de residuos orgánicos. La cascarilla de cacao es uno de los residuos más significativos de la industria del cacao y representa alrededor del 12 % del peso total de la semilla. Objetivo: evaluar las propiedades fisicoquímicas del papel obtenido a partir de la cascarilla de cacao de la variedad TCS 01. Métodos: se identificó y cuantificó la composición de celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina de la cascarilla de cacao. Se realizó un diseño experimental para analizar las condiciones de extracción y elaboración del papel obtenido de la celulosa de la cascarilla y se evaluaron seis parámetros de calidad basado en la norma NTC 5342 (muestreo para determinar la calidad de papel y cartón): adsorción, tensión, escritura, color, textura y apariencia. Resultados: se obtuvo un porcentaje de celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina de 12,5, 21,5 y 15,6 % en peso respectivamente. A partir del diseño experimental para la elaboración del papel, se observó que a una temperatura de 80°C y durante 8 horas se obtuvo el mejor tratamiento, mostrando las mejores características de calidad y cumpliendo lo requerido por la NTC 5342. Se observó que la masa límite de celulosa fue de 4,21 g de muestra húmeda la cual tuvo una absorción de 3,5 ml de agua. Los ensayos de tensión mostraron resultados de 8,2 N en las muestras de papel. Conclusiones: aunque el material obtenido no cumple a cabalidad con las características necesarias para catalogarse como papel, este material puede ser utilizado en la producción de envases y embalajes donde se requiere resistencia mecánica moderada o en la producción del material llamado “cartón paja”. Además, su alta adsorción medida en la prueba realizada indica que este material podría ser utilizado como absorbente en las industrias alimentaria o de construcción. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities are a formative scenario that transforms reality and their actions must go beyond commitment and citizen solidarity. The objective of this review article is to present a study on the conceptualization, definition and education in values, and an analysis of the theoretical-methodological referents of University Social Responsibility. Systematic literature review and bibliometric analyses were carried out in the programs VOSviewer version 1.6.19 and Connected Papers. The results show that strengthening the sense of identity and belonging of the competent professional committed to academic, economic, social and environmental actions, with respect to the place where he/she studies, lives and works, is fundamental to achieve transformations in order to improve the quality of citizenship education. In conclusion, it is necessary to continue stimulating the apprehension of the value of university social responsibility in higher education institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the characterization of the work of art as a map of intensity, as proposed by Gilles Deleuze in his essay What the children say (gathered in Critique et clinique), will be analyzed. Art's cartographic aspect is linked to the concept of deterritorialization and the Body without Organs that the philosopher, along with Félix Guattarí, develops in Thousand Plateaus. Thus, the art-cartography represents the becoming-world of the subject that transits the Body-without-organs and the intensive differences that populate the desert of multiplicity. Each way travelled is descripted by an artistic map where the haecceities and the thresholds of flows that pierce through the disorganized bodies are portrayed. The map of intensity would be the cartographic representation of the haul travelled by a subject immersed in a hodologic space, being every line of the map a journey within an intensive space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La Asociación Española de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental organiza el XII Congreso Nacional de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental – CONEIA 2024. Tendrá lugar en el Palacio de Congresos Europa de Vitoria-Gasteiz los días 10-12 de abril de 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The University of Alcalá in Madrid will organize the "III International Congress on Green Public Procurement and Climate Change" on October 4th and 5th, 2023. The congress aims to receive oral communications on topics related to green public procurement and climate change, as well as tangential aspects such as sustainable food, legislation on climate change, public procurement and depopulation, sustainable infrastructure and energy efficiency, and sustainable or low-emission mobility. The Scientific Committee will review the communications and select the best ones for possible publication in the journal Actualidad Jurídica Ambiental. The deadline for submitting abstracts is May 15th, 2023. [Extracted from the article]

This paper explores how "Rivera's chair" and the "working room" became the melancholic and strangely literary objects that today make up the José Eustasio Rivera’s archive at the Universidad de Caldas in Manizales, Colombia. It examines the connection between some objects and four final moments in the writer's life: his relocation to the office-apartment of Editorial Andes; two speeches delivered in New York days before his death (one in the homage organized by Federico de Onís and another for aviator Méndez), and the repatriation of his body to Bogotá. The role of José A. Velasco, Rivera's friend, and John McDermott, his lawyer in New York, are highlighted. Finally, this paper shows how Velasco's melancholic love for collecting achieved to compile the papers and things in this collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: In the field of Holocaust studies, the Latin American experience has occupied a liminal space. Even when the global character assumed by its forms of remembrance is widely accepted, little attention has been paid to the national cases of this region. This paper deals with a specific national case through the construction record of the National Monument to the Victims of the Jewish Holocaust, located in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The present research reveals the legal and administrative process that accompanied its gestation, the recognition of the actors that intervened throughout the period, and, finally, the character and debates that the architecture of the pantheon provoked. This cycle, which lasted a little more than two decades, allows us to qualify the meaning of the global character of Holocaust memory by considering how this experience was redefined in a national context. Methodology: For this research, qualitative techniques are used in the analysis of the legislative and patrimonial records, journalistic sources, interviews with involved actors, and a documentary film called "Monument," which aims to give an account of the history of its construction and the representational matrix of that memorial. Originality: Although there have been, in recent years, some works that addressed the memory of the Holocaust in Argentina, they focused on various cultural media: literature, film, and testimonial narratives. This paper addresses an object whose materiality is different--monumental--and which was conceived as a public policy of commemorative character. The analysis of the construction of this memorial pantheon allows recognition of how the transnational dimensions of Holocaust remembrance intersected with aspects of the Argentine political process of the last twenty years. Conclusions: The analysis of the construction process and the materiality assumed by its architecture demonstrate, first, how the global dimensions of Holocaust remembrance interact with local contexts and, second, the tensions raised between the actors and organizations that promote its memory and the victims of Nazi persecution in Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the legal framework on amendments to Public-Private Partnership Contracts as provided by the Public-Private Partnership Law No. 18,786. To this end, within the scope of unilateral amendments, the consequences of imposing such amendments in an illegitimate manner and the possibility of unilaterally imposing a limitation of the contract's subject matter are examined. Additionally, aspects regarding bilateral amendments to Public-Private Participation Contracts and possible limitations applicable to the subject matter on which they may be based, are addressed. This paper also studies the possible consequences that non-compliance with the formal requirements established in the applicable law may have on the validity of the amendment in question. Finally, the grounds for renegotiation and, especially, the case of illegitimate unilateral amendments as an additional ground not expressly provided for in the applicable law, are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To analyze, using bibliometric techniques, the scientific production on drug-related problem (DRP) indexed in the Scopus bibliographic database. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were obtained from the Scopus database, querying with the term “drug-related problem” in the registration fields of title, abstract and keywords; final search date January 2024. Results: A total of 2992 references were obtained. The annual relationship of the number of publications showed a direct linear regression model (R2 = 0.8; p < 0.001). The most frequent document type was the original article with 2455 (82.1%) references, with a productivity index of 3.4. Papers published in 26 different languages were identified, with English being the predominant language with 2607 (87.1%) papers. There was a statistically significant correlation between JCR and CiteScore impact indicators (R = 0.7, p = 0.005). A total of 40659 keywords (KW) were found, with an average of 13.6 KW per paper. The most used KW was Human, in 2411 (5.9%) times. Conclusions: Taking into account all previously mentioned, it could be concluded: This study showed that research in the field of DRPs has experienced a steady growth over the years, although it has not yet reached exponential growth. The original article was the most common type of document in scientific production. There was a clear Anglo-Saxon influence, both in terms of language and institutional affiliation. The lack of use of standardized language was evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the question of whether generative AI can create copyrightable works by making a comparative analysis between European Union law and U.S. copyright law. First, it is argued that for copyright law it does not seem possible for an entity other than a human being to be the copyright holder, thus ruling out the possibility of generative AI being considered a copyright holder. It is established that in US copyright the door it may be possible to register part of a work made using generative AI, and that in the EU this door remains open and pending evolution, although European jurisprudence already gives some guidelines. Afterwards, this paper explores possible infringement of exploitation rights in the different parts of the training process of generative AI models and in the activities that lead to the generation of content that is like intellectual works. It is concluded that in US law there is a gap in knowledge as to whether fair use would cover these types of activities. In European Law, although there are exceptions such as those in Directive 2001/29, it is not at all clear whether this will be sufficient to cover these activities, or whether the authorization of the rights owner will be necessary. If the latter is true and judging by the wave of lawsuits that have followed against companies and institutions that have made generative AI tools publicly available, it is possible that licensing negotiation may take a central role in the AI industry, with the negative consequences that this may bring for the advancement of science and for the public domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper systematizes and compares, based on the reasoning of the U.S. Supreme Court and its decisions, four pairings of concepts that arise from discussions on the operability of the presumption of innocence in the AngloAmerican legal system. The article illustrates that the partial conclusions in each of these comparisons must be reached by arguments consistent with the normative foundation of the presumption of innocence principle in order to find the defining characteristics of said principle. Ultimately, the paper sets forth a definition of the presumption of innocence that encompasses each of the partial conclusions thus reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine the suitability of packaging materials made of paper/cardboard and used in different public institutions in charge of Costa Rican documentary heritage, the measurement of the acidity (pH) of the materials was carried out, as well as the use of infrared spectroscopy to study the changes in the crystalline structure of paper cellulose molecules, which influence the oxidation and degradation of cellulose as a consequence of aging (Chiriu et al., 2018). Studying the materials used to package and store documents with historical/heritage value is of high importance since these are the ones that remain in direct contact with the cultural assets for years, even decades. In total, the measurement of the physicochemical properties was carried out in four different aging stages (0, 8, 15 and 28 days), in order to compare the results and establish the changes and degradations in the materials, this to determine which of the sampled materials are more suitable for packaging documentary heritage, both in the short and long term, and according to the parameters analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a methodology using OpenAlex (OA) for tracking Open Access publications in the case of Argentina, a country where a self-archiving mandate has been in effect since 2013 (Law 26.899, 2013). A sample of 167,240 papers by researchers from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) was created and analyzed using statistical techniques. We estimate that OA is able to capture between 85-93% of authors for all disciplines, with the exception of Social Sciences and Humanities, where it only reaches an estimated 47%. The availability of papers in Open Access was calculated to be 41% for the period 1953-2021 and 46% when considering exclusively the post-law period (2014-2021). In both periods, gold Open Access made up the most common route. When comparing equal periods post and pre-law, we observed that the upward trend of gold Open Access was pre-existing to the legislation and the availability of closed articles in repositories increased by 5% to what is estimated based on existing trends. However, while the green route has had a positive evolution, it has been the publication in gold journals that has boosted access to Argentine production more rapidly. We concluded that the OA-based methodology, piloted here for the first time, is viable for tracking Open Access in Argentina since it yields percentages similar to other national and international studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detrimental effects of tax havens on civil society first came to light in 2000 when the British organization OXFAM published a report suggesting that these jurisdictions cost developing countries at least fifty billion dollars a year in lost revenue. The aim of this study is to investigate, analyze and provide evidence for the link between tax havens and international tax evasion, corruption and money laundering, and their implications for ‘tax justice’. The methodology used is empirical and theoretical, based on case studies and analysis of documents presented and published by various sources. The conclusions highlight the effectiveness of reports and leaks that have occurred between 2007 and 2021, which have exposed the functioning of international tax corruption schemes of large fortunes or companies related to tax havens and have made it possible to open files and institute precise investigations by national public administrations. The 2016 Panama Papers and the 2021 Pandora Papers stand out as the most relevant leaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to offer an initial description and analysis of the material preserved at the Fondo Lenz, kept by the Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación in Santiago de Chile, and mainly among the Franz Boas Papers of the American Philosophical Society, concerning the exchange of letters between the German-Chilean linguist Rodolfo Lenz and the German-American anthropologist Franz Boas, from 1896 to 1931. It consists of a corpus of 17 letters, in which both scientists exchange materials and information on the development of their research, especially regarding the study of language and culture of the native peoples of the American continent, as well as the development and challenges in the production of proper conditions for the progress of research on such scientific subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the paper reviewed the Cuban Higher Education Norms to identify informational skills requirements related that justified the necessity of the curricular strategy About the Scientific and Technical Information at the Career Agronomy Studies Plan E and his scopes. The strategy, her definition, and the disciplines description about its implementation were analyzed. The actions related with scientific information were identified at the texts; key words were assigned for the descriptions. The paper concludes the strategy is pertinent cause of information literacy is recognized like vital for the successful insertion of the individuals in the information society. However, about these skills, the texts are not enough take in count they are commented at the theoretical studies about this topic, specially, the theoretical bases of the Information Literacy and the Information Skills University's Program and the requirements of the Agronomy Career Studies Plane E investigative component. The paper proposes the curricular strategy redefinition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the different reasons that lead to buy books, emphasizing readers' social relationships, the status achievement through reading, the process of purchasing books or the importance of the publisher for the customer. Furthermore, throughout all the study, the symbolic dimension that surrounds the purchase of books is highlighted, as cultural consumption that it is. The first part of the paper includes a literature review of the topic, and the second part is empirical and contains in-depth interviews that are analyzed through sociological discourse analysis. Outcomes obtained reveal that people buy books not only to enjoy or acquire knowledge, but also to socialize and get social distinction, too. Moreover, each reader's social position has an effect on the way s/he buys and relates with books. In addition, there is a large segment of readers who, on the one hand, like to own books and have their own personal library, and on the other hand, they enjoy the process of face-to-face book purchase. Therefore, book defends itself as an object and, so the development of e-books does not necessarily conflict with paper books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the reception of the Foucauldian notion of governmentality in Roberto Esposito's thought by taking into account the Italian translation of Foucault's lectures of 1977 and 1978 at the Collège de France. First, the different contexts of reception of these lectures are presented, in particular the Anglo-Saxon studies of governmentality and the crisis of Italian Marxism in the late 1970s. Secondly, Foucault's position in his courses of these years is analyzed from the perspective of the opposition between Machiavellianism and anti-Machiavellianism, precisely in view of the Italian reception. Finally, this paper analyses the reception of the notion of governmentality by Roberto Esposito in his 1980 work La politica e la storia. The paper shows the importance of this early reception of Foucault's lessons regarding the formation of the Italian biopolitical current and its specificities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I analyze Hegel's interpretation of Plato's political philosophy (specially the Republic) in certain passages of two specific works: Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts and Die Vorlesungen über Platon. I consider two axes of analysis: private property and subjective freedom. The main goal of the paper is to describe the relationship that Hegel establishes with Plato, or at least with the Republic. I show that this dialogue presents nuances with respect to the two axes mentioned and that these nuances imply differences of analysis regarding the Hegelian reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been great interest in sustainable construction, which has led to an increased interest in 3D printing or additive manufacturing. However, the use of this technique with conventional materials is not enough to reduce the large environmental impact generated by the construction sector. Although most of the research and advances are focused on the 3D printing of Portland concrete, this review has been oriented towards the 3D printing of building materials based on soils and clays, which can provide an affordable (as it is a locally available material in many regions of the planet), environmentally sustainable, and low-cost approach, which is highly beneficial for housing construction. This paper has been oriented towards the search of scientific literature and prototypes that have been elaborated using ancestral materials, such as soil-clay-sand-sand-fibers like straw and water, for the elaboration of constructive pieces such as 3D printed walls or adobes. The objective of this paper is to close the gap on the use of mixtures based on soils, which, although they seem to have been fully studied for several centuries, to date their application in 3D printing is reduced. Readjustments in properties of soil mixtures such as fluidity for pumping or extrusion, buildability and good working time are variables that are reported in this paper. In addition, this review describes the mixtures that have been developed for 3D printing from soils and clays, and the main characteristics that have been found. Finally, the challenges that still remain for the blends to be applied on a massive industrial scale are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a change in international politics since the 2008 financial crisis, thanks to a greater spread of economic resources and military capabilities. For many, it is a radical transformation that could spell the end of US hegemony in Latin America. This paper examines the proposition, beginning with a review of the concept of hegemony, which rather than being viewed as a structural characteristic is conceived of here as a "nuanced hegemony", in other words a network of asymmetric and hierarchical relations. We can observe not just one transformation then, but the emergence of a hemispheric context that could be described as "differentiated hegemony". The United States still occupies a central position, but its foreign policy is marked by subregional fragmentation and the externalisation of electoral priorities. The paper explores the effects at subregional level, focusing on the opportunities and challenges it presents to Latin American countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses Latin America's role in an international system in flux, with high levels of uncertainty and transformations that signal a shift in the geoeconomic and geopolitical landscape across the world. Against this backdrop, the paper examines the challenges (both old and new) the region must face, focusing on the impact of global changes on regional dynamics and the capacity of the different countries to find answers both to the international situation and old and new internal problems. In addition, as an introductory paper to this monograph entitled "Geopolitics from Latin America: a change of cycle and multipolarity", it identifies the fulcrums of these changes, their impact, the main actors involved and the processes underway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: In 2019, promoted by President Martín Vizcarra, the Congress of the Republic of Peru sanctioned a law on mandatory primary elections for voters and political parties. However, the regulation was not implemented, given that it was suspended by the Legislative Branch for the general elections in 2021 and the regional elections in 2022. Methodology: This paper studies the reform process of mandatory, simultaneous, and open primaries (PASO, for its acronym in Spanish) in Peru and its counter-reform based on its suspension on two occasions (2021 and 2022). Twenty-three key actors were interviewed for this research, including congresspersons, ministers, electoral officials, and researchers, in addition to the revision of secondary sources and newspapers of legislative sessions. Conclusions: The paper concludes that PASO were a "decorative" reform, i.e., a law passed without the intention of implementing it. Its sanction was the product of a reformist coalition between civil society and the President of the nation, where the objectives of increasing popular support for President Vizcarra and the need to improve the legitimacy of the political system converged. The reform was resisted by congresspersons who formed two counter-reformist coalitions that suspended the PASO on two occasions. Originality: The research shows that these counterreform coalitions are intrinsically linked to the atomization and personalization of the Peruvian party system, characterized by hyper-personalism and a lack of party structures. In addition, it generates theoretical contributions to studying the processes of reforms and counter-reforms in the context of institutional weakness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a two-sector model of endogenous distributive cycles and overproduction, by using elements from Marxian and Kaleckian perspectives. The model combines the two-sector model with market power presented by Dutt (1988) with insights from the cyclical model of Goodwin (1967) and the model of growth and distribution of Dutt (1987). The paper establishes the analytical conditions for a short-run equilibrium point for sectoral capacity utilization rates. Furthermore, for the long run, considering capital accumulation, the paper demonstrates the existence of stable cycles in four dimensions (sectoral distribution of capital, employment rate, and markups for sectors producing capital and consumption goods). These findings are used to reinterpret overproduction within capitalist cycles, where the relative magnitudes of overaccumulation of capital and underconsumption change at different phases of the cycle, while full employment is not a relevant case. The paper concludes by suggesting insights for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Economic History of the Mexican Peso: From the Global Market to the Political Management of Currency" is a book that addresses the evolution of money in Mexico from colonial times to the late 20th century. The Bank of Mexico has aimed to provide the country with national currency and promote the development of payment systems. The book highlights the importance of security and trust in money for it to fulfill its functions properly. It also mentions moments of transition in the political management of currency, such as the financial bankruptcy of the Viceroyalty and the reintegration of the Mexican peso into the global economy after Independence. During the 19th century, different forms of political currency management emerged, including the introduction of copper coins and the use of paper money. The text provides a summary of Mexico's monetary history from the late 19th century to the present, highlighting the adoption of a floating exchange rate regime and the relevance of the Mexican peso as a global currency. The importance of understanding monetary history to effectively face future challenges is emphasized. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this paper is: first, to show that the relationship between Latin America and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a faithful reflection of a class struggle on a world scale, where the correlation of internal and external forces has been articulated over the years in favor of capital; second, to analyze the concrete possibilities that the region will face in the future if it intends to reverse this unfavorable history. The paper argues that the IMF has played a key role in the reconfiguration and extension of the dominance of international finance capital over the productive resources of Latin America by favoring the consolidation of a local capitalist class subordinated to the designs and power of transnational capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The school attendance of 4-5 years-old children raised from 3.7% to 78.9% between 1970 and 2018 in Brazil. This paper analyses the preschool expansion process in Brazil in the last 50 years, documenting the preschool attendance and discussing how sociodemographic and institutional factors usually associated with the expansion are related to the process. The paper shows that female labor force participation, public investments, and demographic factors were to some extent important but not crucial to the expansion of pre-school attendance in Brazil. Furthermore, the observed expansion seems to be a result of uncoordinated and unplanned policies implemented in the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to compare 19th-century Latin American novels about piracy with 20th-century novels about drug trafficking in order to demonstrate that organized crime creates its own sovereignty juxtaposed with state sovereignty and that both pirates and drug traffickers are constantly renegotiating their relationship with the state. The literary corpus from the 19th century includes El filibustero (1864), by Mexican writer Eligio Ancona, and Los piratas en Cartagena (1886), by Colombian writer Soledad Acosta de Samper; from the 20th century, Contrabando (1991), by Mexican writer Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda, and La Virgen de los Sicarios (1994), by Colombian writer Fernando Vallejo. This paper is divided into two sections; the first section deals with the relationship between pirates and drug traffickers and the State. It discusses the attitudes of the writers towards the State and the implications of the State actors in the illegal business. The second section discusses the existence of juxtaposed sovereignties represented through the creation of the social imaginary of piracy and drug trafficking. Drawing on historical and political resources on piracy and drug trafficking, this paper aims to create an interdisciplinary environment to discuss organized crime in literature and its political influence on society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predatory journals have been defined as a fraudulent model that takes advantage of the golden route implemented by some open access publications. These journals exploit the business of charging authors, promising quick and low-cost publication. However, they do not comply with the tasks of any scientific journal, such as peer review or digital preservation of original writings, and therefore they publish papers of questionable quality, methodology and reproducibility. For these reasons, this research aims to determine the level of knowledge that active researchers of the Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana (UTEM) have about predatory journals. For the study, a survey was used as a data collection instrument, which was sent to the active researchers from the UTEM. From the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the UTEM researchers are familiar with the term predatory journals and can identify certain characteristics of these journals, such as the fact that they do not perform an adequate peer review process, offer a fast publication process at low cost, and have similar titles to those of renowned journals, in addition to being able to identify some tools for their detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the technological development in the historical discipline over time, focusing on the organization of archives and information processing. The author uses her own research on Jewish history in Mexico to demonstrate the usefulness of digital tools and digital humanities in historical research. In addition, the impact of Mexico's vote in favor of the UN resolution condemning Zionism is examined, including the demonstrations and tourist boycott that occurred in the United States. This episode had a significant effect on the relationship between the Jewish community and the government in Mexico. The text presents the experience of a historian in their research and the use of technological resources to gather and process information. The author highlights the importance of managing and classifying archives, as well as accessing online sources of information. It also mentions the evolution of historical research methods over time, from the use of cards and index cards to the development of more sophisticated card cabinets and classification systems. The article emphasizes the influence of these methods on the final outcome of historical research. The article discusses the use of index cards as a tool for organizing information in historical research. It is mentioned that Carl Linnaeus invented index cards in the 1760s and that they were used by naturalists, bibliographers, and historians. The archivist Daunou was one of the first to use index cards in archives, seeking to impose uniformity in the collected information. Although there were disadvantages to this method, such as a lack of progress in understanding historical facts, his methods laid the foundations for modern Western history. Despite some historians' reluctance to use digital technology, tools such as word processors are widely used. A study shows that although there have been changes in research practices, there is still a limitation in the use of digital tools to open new areas of research. The article analyzes the adoption of digital tools by historians. According to a survey, the majority of historians use library-backed databases, online archives, and digital cameras. However, there is a lack of adoption of other types of software and tools. Resistance to adopting new technologies is due to a lack of institutional support, the reluctance of more experienced historians, and a perceived lack of usefulness. Lack of time to learn new technologies is also an obstacle. The article highlights the importance of primary and secondary sources available online and how digital tools facilitate the handling of collected information. The article discusses the importance of using digital tools in historical research. The author mentions using Google Translate to translate communications from Ambassador Jova and other members of the US Foreign Service. It also highlights the usefulness of searching for newspaper sources online and warns about the need to be cautious of false information online. The author mentions the SuperNotecard program as an effective tool for organizing and transcribing information virtually. Additionally, other options such as Zotero, DEVONthink, and OneNote are mentioned. The use of digital cards allows for efficient manipulation and organization of information. The author highlights the ease of access to online archives and the ability to accumulate a large amount of data. The portability of the digital file is also mentioned as an advantage. The author concludes that there is no correct way to use these tools and that it is possible to combine digital and paper systems according to the needs of each project. The article discusses the importance of using digital tools in historical research. Different programs and platforms are mentioned, such as SuperNotecard, DEVONthink, OneNote, and Zotero, which can help historians manage sources and organize citations. The need to take precautions when working with digital files, such as making backups, is also highlighted. [Extracted from the article]