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Paper Kinship: Law, Power and Resistance in an Ethnographic Scene with Foreign Migrants starts from an "ethnographic scene" with foreign migrants in a lawyer's office to discuss the role that migratory documents play on kinship in the transnational movement. By doing this, it highlights how the state and the Law discipline these relations and how migrants themselves, using the legal logic of documentary production, elaborate themselves as persons, in resistance to state power. Based on this experience, named here as paper kinship, a reelaboration of the concept of document is proposed, encompassing both the bureaucratic agency and that of the subjects of documentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper draws from the ethnography that we, two researchers in Applied Linguistics, have carried out for a decade in the Complexo do Alemão favelas, in Rio de Janeiro. Favelas are inhabited by a mostly Black population, who are disproportionately affected by Brazil's notorious necropolitics. Further, the monopoly of violence in Brazil is not exclusive to the State, as the "world of crime", even if fragmented, is also a relevant agent in this dynamic. The sociology of violence posits that the crossfire between the State and other armed agents stifle residents' political demands. Yet we engage with some residents who speak up and create innovative ways to confront the violence that is aimed at them. In this paper, we explore digital rockets, the papo reto activist register and artivism as modes of surviving enacted by favela residents in their pursuit of more equitable futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on scholarly works that are both ethnographically-based (such as Stephen Levinson and Elinor Ochs’s) and socially-based (such as Jacob Mey and Joana Pinto’s), this paper takes a particular stance on linguistic pragmatics. Originally named by Peirce and established as a perspective – rather than a discipline – pragmatics gathers researches from different traditions around the world. In departmental terms, people working on language from a pragmatic perspective may be affiliated with areas such as sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, applied linguistics, neurolinguistics, etc., yet a family resemblance unites them: pragmatics seen as social science, which stands for both a field ethnographically oriented to the role, ideologies and agency of language users, and science “in society,” politically situated. The paper revisits language ethnographies in Oceania and Africa, in addition to semantically-oriented scholarship. I conclude, with Rajagopalan, that a diversity of problems investigated in pragmatics are refinements from subjects’ situated action [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Kant inaugurated his critical philosophy treating about formal conditions for the possibilities to solve problems (Critical Philosophy) he advanced in the 1790s to stablish anthropology as the aim of his philosophy. Considering this, our aim is to show that the reception of Kantian philosophy in the 19th and 20th centuries was formalistic and logicist in a way that it has underlined its transcendental aspect when rather it ought to focus on the moral and the pragmatic (in Kantian sense). Thus, the return to Kant promoted by Neokantianism contributed to the forgetfulness and non-thematising the centrality of his Anthropology. It allowed Neokantianism to focus on the conditions for the possibilities of consolidating sciences in the half of 19th century, which has bequeathed to the Kantianism of the 20th century interpretative models of logicist and analytical biases; this left aside any deep reflection on the empirical part of Kant's philosophy as well because it was considered impure. Also, we will point out that the Ethnographic science does not consider for its constitution any heritage from Kant. Finally, it will be statistically proved by means of analysing the centenary historic of Kant Studien Journal that there has been a very low quantity of papers concerned about pragmatic themes. Kant's Anthropology has been forgotten by critical fortune when it should have been treated as central. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper builds on the experience of implementing community land delimitation in Cóbuè, Niassa province, between 2012 and 2015, and analyses the interface between traditional leaders and customary land systems in Mozambique. The ethnographic material in this paper helps to frame the debates on land and territory, land tenure and ownership, as well as the encounters with territorial history, the impacts of transformations, legislation and demand for land. The paper contributes to the reassessment of the notion of community ownership and the framing of customary land systems when conceiving the territory as a political space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interdisciplinary field of the new social studies of childhood starts from an epistemological break with the classic approaches of the sciences that adopt biological, essentialist and universal views of the child, and finds in ethnography a possibility of conceptualizing the child as an active subject and childhood as a generational social category. The recognition of these concepts of child and childhood by ethnography in research with children implies turning to the child as the other, the different, the foreigner. This proposal for a theoretical-conceptual rupture in the investigation of childhood requires the implementation of methodologies that focus on the experiences, points of view and voices of children, understanding them as subjects-in-process, under constant construction. From this perspective the child is not the object of study, but the subject who interacts with the researcher in the construction of the senses and meanings of the research. This text is organized into three parts that address the epistemological, the theoretical-conceptual, and the methodological aspects of the proposed interaction. The paper ends with an articulation of the relationship between the different aspects of the discussion, culminating in a reflection on ethics and otherness, in the recognition that difference permeates human relations, and that it is the different, the unusual, the incomprehensible, the opposite, the unequal, the unattainable that marks and defines ethnographic research with children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses about the role of women in one of the greatest cultural and religious manifestations in Amapá state, in the far north of Brazil: the Marabaixo Cycle. To investigate the participation of women in this celebration, a study was carried out on the frontier of theoretical-bibliographic research with field investigation, using the ethnographic method. Guided by categories of analysis such as black Catholicism (Zouza, 2002; 2012), myth (Eliade, 2016), among others, the investigation inferred that the Marabaixo Cycle is an expression of Afro-Catholic devotion in Amapá and was developed under the protagonism of three black women who were able to play leadership roles, keeping the tradition alive and questioning the racist, sexist and misogynist structures present until today in the society of Amapá. Without intending to romanticize the participation of these women in the celebration, the scientific relevance of this work lies in valuing real life stories, inherent to black Catholicism in Amapá, that were important for the preservation and maintenance of the Marabaixo Cycle in the city of Macapá, AP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main argument consists in the acceptance of a non-anthropocentric Amerindian cosmological imperative that forest can be understood by the Human Sciences as an active historical subject, producer of knowledge, meanings and communications, even if it is not symbolic or humanly linguistic. For this purpose, we are going to realize a theoretical and anthropological discussion of ethnographic writings in the sense of supporting the possibility of understanding as epistemologically valid the existence of a semiotic, which grounds the recognition and intercommunication between animals-humans, animals non-humans and other kingdoms in forest cohabitation, understanding forest itself as a subjectively constituted and self-determined entity. To achieve that understanding we are going to divide our writing into two parts. First, we are going to study the anthropology of Eduardo Kohn about a semiotics of forests, which confers them an active subject status, as producers of knowledge and languages. In the second part of our paper, we are going to address the concept of terricídio, as thought by the leaders of the Movimiento de Mujeres Indígenas por el Buen Vivir nation in the claim for legal recognition of the murder of forests as a heinous crime. Such process is established precisely by recognizing the sacred, individual, communicational, cognitive and thinking character of forests and their complex interrelational network of coexisting inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: recently, the strategy as practice approach has sought to overcome the micro/macro dichotomy existing in its literature, as well as to better integrate the dimensions of praxis, practice and practitioner. To fill this gap, the aim of the paper is to discuss potential methods to guide empirical studies of strategy as practice (SAP). Method: the paper proposes a method based on an extensive literature review. Phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and narratives are discussed, and their components are presented in the context of strategy as practice studies. Results: the presented method articulates four approaches. Phenomenology is used to enhance the understanding of strategist experiences. Grounded theory is considered a method to develop theories about the studied phenomenon. Ethnography is used to contextualize the daily practices of strategists. Narratives are the path to access the stories of the strategists. Conclusion: the proposed method may be useful to overcome micro/macro dichotomy existing in strategy as practice literature and to integrate praxis, practice and practitioner dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss the influence area of Belo Monte dam, in operation since 2016 in the Xingu river, state of Pará. This discussion starts with the analysis of the perspective of riverine people from extractive reserves of Terra do Meio on the impacts to problematize the spatial category that relates, in particular, to the exclusion of these protected areas as affected territories. Using qualitative methods that involve fieldwork, participant observation, ethnography, and semi-structured interviews, this paper highlight the contradictions surrounding the non-recognition of the riverine populations in the context of impacts of Belo Monte dam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the paper brings considerations in the sense of contributing to reflections on spirituality in school education, based on the identification of the presence of spiritual elements in indigenous undergraduate courses for training teachers, from a doctoral research. The text gathers research findings in dialogue with other authors, mainly the Argentine philosopher Rodolfo Kusch. The methodology follows two complementary approaches: ethnography and cartography. Reflections highlight the relevance of the knowledge and practices of indigenous people, with their affective, symbolic, ritualistic, artistic and community components. These elements have the potential to be brought to school education, through experiential, dialogical and reflective spaces, generating expressions through different artistic languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the formation and transformations in the identities of São Paulo's peripheries dwellers in recent decades. Our proposal here is that identity must be understood in a relational and historical way. Thus, it is sewn together with discourses, practices, and processes that produce subjectivities. The paper is based on an ethnographic work carried out in two neighborhoods on the outskirts of São Paulo. It is argued that, in the 1970s and 1980s, the identity of "workers" was formed in contrast to that of "bosses" and "bandits". This identity was the basis of a collective project to integrate workers into the wage society and the world of citizenship rights. After the productive restructuring and social changes in the 1990s and 2000s, this identity disintegrated and gave way to the identity of "peripherals". This new identity was built in cultural mobilization around cultural movements and collectives in opposition to the "elites" and in response to the stigma that these regions suffer from. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper turned up as a kind of "patched ethnography" in which a group of anthropology students and their professor at the Federal University of Western Pará, in Brazilian Amazonia, tried to overcome the barriers of confinement and interlocked their views on the Covid-19 pandemic. Inspired by common readings they did during the classes before the suspension of university activities, these reflections, emerged by the Amazon and Tapajos rivers, twine this experience of collaborative writing, when the novel coronavirus erupts precisely in one of the most exacerbated moments of aggression to the Amazonian rainforest and its inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper brings together, for the first time, Machiavelli's interest in political and social conflicts and some ethnographical sources concerning the contemporary discovery of cannibals in the Caribbean as well as in Brazil (Tupinamba). The hypothesis is that knowledge of these sources represents a filter that allowed Machiavelli to reinterpret social clashes notably in Florentine urban context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guianas are an important field in the Caribbean migratory system, whereby goods, objects, currencies, and populations circulate for different reasons: geographical, cultural proximity, climatic, geopolitical and socioeconomic factors. From the 1960s and 1970s, Haitian migration increased in the Guianas. Five decades later, after the January 2010 earthquake, the migratory spaces were intensified in the region, Brazil became part of them as a country of residence and transit to reach French Guiana and Suriname. In 2013, the routes were altered. Some migrants started to use the Republic of Guyana to enter Brazil through the border with Roraima, in the Amazon, or to cross the border towards Suriname and French Guiana. This article is divided into two levels. First, it describes the way in which migrants' practices and trajectories intersect national borders in the Guianas. Then, it analyzes the migratory system, documents and papers, and the problems that the different Haitian migratory generations raise in space and time. The ethnographic research is based on the Triple Border Brazil, Colombia and Peru, but also in Suriname, French Guiana and Haiti. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper refers to an ethnography made in the Macaco Branco quilombola community, located in the city of Portão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The objective of the research was to understand how race relations are connected with territorial conflicts that mark the history of the community. Starting from a contextualization of the quilombo within the paradigm of colonial modernity, a distinct ontology is identified within the community, which does not separate nature and culture, maintaining a collective way of being in the territory, which has historically resisted the invisibility imposed by a racist society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the recent processes of territorialization and identity recognition of the Rosa community at the beginning of the 21st century. The objective of the research is to understand its process of self-identification as a quilombola remnant and the specific territorialization engendered by this identification. The methodology is based on Historical Ethnography, with fieldworks in the community from 2017 to 2019. The results indicate that the territorialization process triggered by the Rosa community is a global transformation process of multiple dimensions. It includes self-demarcation actions, such as the action to expel the mining company from its territory; multi-territoriality actions, such as the actions led by members of the community in deliberative instances of the instituted political power; it includes access to citizenship through the legal support provided by the State; it encompasses ethnogenesis, as self-recognition as quilombola; and actions that imply strengthening territoriality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present, first, the notion of "afroindigenous relation", through different authors and analysis experiences that involve this notion, emphasizing the works, delimitations and "readings" performed by the afro-brazilianist Marcio Goldman. It also aim to present, supported by some authors who were with the Xakriabá Indigenous People, the viability of articulating the above-mentioned notion to the recent process of collective life's production, and the narratives, Xakriabá. Finally, I list notes from my ethnographies and specifics researches in development related to the "afroindigenous relation" and what I call, in other works, the Xakriabá religiosity (HORÁCIO, 2018; 2019), which includes the dynamics of cosmology and related narratives and rituals of/in the Xakriabá multiverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latin America has the greatest volume of fresh water per capita in the world. However, part of its population does not have regular access to safe water sources or has to make do with precarious water provision services. Although Argentina is one of the countries in the region with higher percentages of population served by drinking water networks, the latter are unequally distributed. Among the most affected sectors are those residing in informal settlements in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, the country's largest city. In this respect, the article poses the following questions: How do those sectors access drinking water networks? Why do they have less access than other sectors? On the basis of ethnography and other research tools, the paper argues that: 1) they access drinking water networks through alternative means that necessarily entail the co-participation of neighbors; and 2) their limited access is due, among other things, to the way they relate to the State in order to have the service extended to their neighborhoods. In view of these results, the article discusses notions regarding the private, public, and community management of the service and questions ideas such as governance and coproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the microuniverse of a School of Tomorrow located in the West Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro, specifically Senador Camará, one of the poorest districts of the city. The problematization reflects on territorial and symbolic aspects associated with the favelas describing how they justified public action in the educational field reserving to cultural expressions - music as a recurring example - the condition of resources indispensable to social justice. Then, the papers exposes an ethnography whose empirical object was the operation of cultural workshops during the extended school period (contraturno), one of the initiatives of the city government aiming to implement full-time integral education. Thus, the work navigates between debates in both ethnomusicology and sociology of education, without overlooking urban sociology and urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the subordination of indigenous homosexuality in Brazil as an inherent part of the settlement, making use of the contributions of two-spirit authors. It brings the literature on the Brazilian indigenous peoples, demonstrating its recent perception as "cultural loss"; the two-spirit perspective on colonization as heteronormative process; and some thoughts on the Brazilian case. It is shown that colonization necessarily creates devices to normalize indigenous sexualities, shaping them to the colonial order. So, disciplining practices and responses by indigenous allow us to understand more about indigenous movements, interethnic relations, indigenous policies, as well as power relations in these national contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper results from an ethnography among the Hindu dwellers of a neighborhood in the outskirts of Lisbon. As dozens of other informal settlements, Quinta da Vitoria was one of the neighborhoods included in the Special Re-housing Program (PER), and its inhabitants would be resettled in social housing. Comparing with other similar settlements, the PER process at Quinta da Vitoria was too long. In this paper I will describe and analyze the ways by which the Hindu residents responded to this huge social housing policy in Portugal, which was meant to end up with all "shanty towns". The main purpose of this paper is yet to explore James Scott's (1990) conceptualization on subtle resistance and about the hidden transcript, its forms, and development into public forms of resistance. The article is also expected to contribute to the larger debate about social policies in Portugal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a critical view of the concept of public communication which approximates to political and governmental practices. We propose a synthesis of communication tactics over the past 70 years of Brazilian history, distinguishing vices and breaks as a way to identify traits of the political culture that still influence the current view of public communication. From theoretical contributions in the field of public sphere and deliberation, the paper proposes some guiding principles of communication that contribute to the strengthening of the public sphere in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on informal parking attendants. It locates the rise of such business in relation with street-drugs actors and their behaviours. It also considers the ways in which social control agencies have elaborated crucial dimensions of "the drugs problem" around informal parking attendants. Based on ethnographic work carried out in downtown Guimarães, the paper describes the routines of informal parking attendants, stressing the structuring effects of such business in the lives of the individuals who perform it. The relational realm of life in the streets, interactions with drivers, the territorial organization of parking places, and the attendants' relationship with control agencies are also emphasized. According to the empirical data, informal parking attendants are seen as underground economy workers and as a new type of city user: one that comes from the margins of society to take part, both in spatial and relational terms, in its centre. Thus, they can also be seen as builders of that centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online communities on the internet are a current phenomenon. They are sources of research and access to social discourses. This paper has the objective of analyzing discourses in two virtual communities: "I love physical education" and "I hate physical education" on Orkut social networking site. The paper analyzes the way internet users understand physical education classes at school and the signifiers that they attribute to the body and corporal practices. The methodological procedure consisted of a bibliografical survey and a field research based on ethnography principles characterizing a mainly qualitative discussion. The results are: the participants of the community "I hate physical education" use the virtual space for debates and complaints about physical education classes at school. We realized that in "I love physical education" communities, users use the space mainly for advertisements. The signifiers attributed to the body and the corporal practices by the participants in both communities are related to sports practice and physical activities with being healthy. On the other hand, the concept of corporal beauty has as reference the body form and images of athletes and famous people in the mass media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper introduces the concept of autonetnography as one of the levels that indicates proximity in the relations between the researcher and the informants observed on the digital community. From this theoretical framework, used as the basis of analysis of the virtual ethnography, the role of the insider is discussed towards an analysis of his/her online "entrée". Through a participative observation of the communicational processes and the sociability of the participants of the "electro-industrial" scene some uses, appropriations and consume of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) used on the social network sites are emphasized. Besides a conceptual discussion of autonetnography, this paper also revises the methodological procedures of the netnographic analysis, describing some of its applications. It also proposes the exercise of a subjective-point-of-view narrative as a possibility of suitable scientific writing to the analysis of the Web communication practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to unify the two official orthographies for Portuguese (one adopted by Brazil and the other by the other Portuguese-speaking countries), an orthographic agreement has been signed by the states of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPSC). After outlining the history of Portuguese orthography and discussing the reasons for this split, this paper argues against the main criticisms directed towards the agreement, both in Brazil and in Portugal. This paper shows that the agreement is not exactly linguistic, but instead political; therefore it must be analyzed and evaluated politically. Such an analysis shows that the agreement is intended to demonstrate the essential unity of the CPSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the relationship between indigenous populations and urban spaces through a case study centrered on the Marubo, a Panoan-speaking people of the Vale do Javari indigenous reservation (Amazonas state, Brazil). The paper investigates the shamanistic and mythological backgrounds mobilized in the comprehension of cities, spacial displacements and relations with alterity. Through the recent contributions of lowland south-american ethnology, this study offers parameters to the analysis of conceptual problems related to the crossing of indigenous and non-indigenous pressupositions about territories, change and difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an ethnographic study that took place at a high level training gym of Men's Artistic Gymnastics, at the Olympic Training Center of Sant Cugat del Vallés (Barcelona - Spain). The main goal of this study was to reveal the training culture characteristics of a high level training gym through a field observation (lasting one and a half year) by using the theoretical fundaments of the symbolic anthropology and the ethnographic methodology. We also highlight in this paper the institution context, some of the timing conditioning preparation of the gymnastics, some aspects of the social structure of the group and the universe symbolic indicators that characterize the activities inside the gym. Among the most relevant observation we detach the gym as a micro culture characterized by many ritual ceremonies, where the coaches have the power of the speech and the gymnasts are limited only to hear and execute whenever necessary. In this way the functioning of the gym follows a hierarchal respect of the orders and the responses of the activities and rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My option in studying objects never, or almost never, addressed by Brazilian Anthropology calls for questioning both the definition of object and the locus of research, and for continued attention to two dimensions of the ethnographic practice. The first is about interactions between reason and emotion in the definition of our research agendas. The second is the concern with the effects on the anthropological perspective when alterity is sidelined against the growing number of auto-ethnographies. In this paper, I address these questions on the basis of four fieldwork experiences of my professional trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As soon as a technology is implemented in a culture, it is possible to observe social uses that were not intended by the inventors or producers of that technology. People create strategies to take advantage of the new resource. Using social interaction theories and an ethnographic approach in the natural setting of cell phone use in Brazil, we observed how people use the mobile phone technology for interpersonal communication. This paper addresses three subversive uses of mobile technology, namely, i) strategies of mobile phone coding; ii) SIM card management; and iii) criminal uses of mobile phones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a writing experiment on the effects of violence, starting from the wav I presented myself to three local women during mv fieldwork in Urabá (Colombia) between 2009 and 2010. By describing mv experiences with them I identify four possible types of narratives: unfinished stories, testimonial or biographical ones, prose, and distanced testimonial account. The three main sections of the paper are bound to the fieldwork interactions and to certain aspects of intersubjective encounters which link some effects of violent experience to the prevailing conception of time in the region, i.e., the precedence of the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some specifications of the collective baptism performed during the celebration of São Domingos de Gusmão, in the Barra de Aroeira quilombo, in the state of Tocantins, are brought here for a discussion about the construction of the names and life while identify processes constituents of this human beings. The paper results of the ethnography performed among the Maroons (known as quilombolas) and proposes the apprehension of knowledge of the processes as an essential element to access the local complexities. By this ethnography, what is found in the present article are possibilities to think the collective catholic baptism and the social construction of the names in the lands of Quilombo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In face recognition tasks, adults and children have difficulty recognizing faces from other races. This effect is known as the Other Race Effect (ORE) and has been consistently replicated in several studies. The aim of this paper is to present a review of some theoretical models that explain the ORE, its emergence and development. Face coding mechanisms based on Prototypes and Exemplars are the basis for the explanation of differences in coding between the same race and other race faces. It was presented a review of recent research on ORE and how the experiences with other race faces during early childhood infl uences the effect. Finally, further research on the cultural context has been proposed to better investigate the development of ORE and face coding mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the knowledge of people who have built their lives in liaison and interaction with the sea. The knowledge of the Sea People are unique individuals who have knowledge of their grounded in practice with the water and the tide trajectory. The scientific and social relevance of this work is anchored in order to realize that the current education walks valuing the knowledge from the sciences, giving little credit to the common knowledge of such persons. In dialogs built with fishermen and shellfish and narratives of the individuals begin our study. The authors that make this work such as Freire (2005 ), Santos (2008 ) and Gohn (2010 ) discuss important aspects for understanding and reflection of the study. In the narratives of the actors and authors of the research realized that their knowledge are grounded in their culture, serving for the construction of their actions and practices. Fishing, shellfishing, live in the sea are some activities and behaviors that reinforce the identity of these individuals. We understand that the experience of life at sea is a decisive factor in the formation of populations of the sea. Commitments to life, participating in the work the research subjects, validate their knowledge as a web that leads its existence, and make them aware subjects in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rural space is understood in its multiples aspects, whether economic or cultural. Therefore depends on the look of the researcher and the objectives previously outlined. This paper aims to review literature on rural space and point the analytic perspective as a foundation in understanding the rural and rurality. The choice of the theoretical model used for the construction of this text does not presuppose the absence of other readings of the rural space, but underlies our concern and theoretical coherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only recently, Brazil has consolidated the legal bases to bring in the environmental issues on the curriculum of the early childhood education. From this newness, accrues an absence of knowledge to base the educational practices. This paper intends to evidence the experiences of preschool children living in rural areas, specially focusing the way that they are signified and circumstanced by socio-environmental characteristics of the investigated contexts. The methodological approach was inspired by ethnography in school contexts. In addition to the observation of collective activities in school and conversations and drawings with children, interviews were conducted with family members and school staff. Distances and approaches between the meanings of these participants were explored as a way to bring the necessaries tensions to understand the environmental issues in early childhood education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to contribute to the discussion of educational anthropology, field of studies still little explored in Brazil, exploring the possibilities opened up by ethnographic research in education. Much educational research has used the ethnographic method, as well as anthropological theories, without proper epistemological reflection around this method. The discussion involves both a broader analysis of the ethnographic method, as and specific reflection on the interpretive anthropology proposed by Geertz. It seeks, thereby, to advance the methodological discussion of educational research, by narrowing the discussion between anthropology and education in the scientific debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article presents an analysis of aspects such as city, memory, work, and ethno-racial relations, including elements of an ethnographic research developed in the city of Novo Hamburgo. This study involved mainly black workers who have worked at the factories of Vale do Rio dos Sinos since 1960. The paper is based on the study of foundational images of the city and region and on die study of ethnobiographical narratives from the black workers in order to understand how their trajectories and urban itineraries relate to the work value and to the representations and images of industrialization of the city and region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we focus on the external history of South of Bahia's general language, presenting the hypothesis on how its disappearance would have occurred: with the beginning of the prosperity of cocoa plantation - in the old Captainships of Ilheus and Porto Seguro -, there was a strong inlander immigration movement towards the region that we are treating about, causing the conflict between inlanders (mainly males, known as "jagunços") and natives (Indians, Mamelukes and impoverished Whites) who struggled for the cocoa lands' ownership, having as consequence the genocide of these last ones and the respective glotocide, determining the disappearance of South of Bahia's general language, while Portuguese language was introduced in the region, already re-structured in its Brazilian variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After an ethnographic account on a South African farm dweller simultaneous relation to a social movement and to the realm of his ancestors, the paper highlights how State and Witchcraft share conceptual features in anthropology since both are drawn upon categories like rationality, power, relativism, culture, and universalism - among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents some reflections on the ethnographic practice in contemporary Morocco. Based on my own fieldwork experiences, the paper analyzes some informant's viewpoints about the task of anthropologists and other "observers" of their culture. Furthermore, I examine the discourse of local intellectuals about "Western" anthropological approaches to the study of Islam in Morocco. The text explores some of the assumptions, tensions and ambiguities behind the interplay between observers and observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyberspace has called the epistemic attention of anthropologists in the middle of the 1990's. This paper aims to characterize and discuss the trajectory put in action by it from this moment onward, focusing on Sherry Turkle work. Our article begins with some indications about the way the cyberculture studies were structured. Following, we stress the methodological bias by which the field was approached by anthropology. Finally, we offer a critical reflection about the merits and limitations of all this stage of research. Besides the pioneer article of Arturo Escobar and the focus on Sherry Turkle trajectory, we make some remarks about the contributions originated from David Haken and Christine Hine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Festivities play a relevant role in building and bracing bonds between people living at the frontier region between Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay , the area relating to the gaúcho or gaucho culture. in order to better understand the meaning of festivities in this society, I investigate how they express it -- their own performance. this paper focuses on two kinds of festivities: the Gaúcho Day parade and the criollas. Both can be seen as cultural performances representing, through multiple idioms, the self-image of the local population. Based on a brief ethnography of these happenings, my intention is to analyze in which way these festivities express such "frontier identities". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes and analyzes the pain clinic's dynamics as a \"complex product\" of the biomedical therapy system, exploring the many discussions about the meaning of pain and the interdisciplinary collaboration in the therapeutic daily routines of two pain clinics, located in university hospitals in the cities Salvador and São Paulo. An ethnographic approach guided by interpretative anthropology was used to search for the description of singular and expressive situations of the pain clinic's dynamics (considered as a service, established within Biomedicine, intended for care of chronic pain). Such situations express tensions and solutions created from the confrontation of the chronic pain as a complex object that imposes flexibility to all. This ethnography focuses on four therapeutic spaces: the waiting-room, the hall, the medical consultation and the clinical case discussion. The resulting description enlightens the multiple voices on pain and interdisciplinary collaboration in the clinic's daily routines. The directions of circulation within therapeutic spaces guided this reflection around the limits and possibilities of the establishment and operation of this service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the experience of research at the Banco de Imagens e Efeitos Visuais (UFRGS/ Brazil) in the production of ethnographic documentaries. The aim is to think about the dialogues and negotiations associated to film editing concerning the choices of decoupage, the relationship between sound and visual image and especially on the status of sound in the drafting of filmic narrative. Inspired by the work of Michel Chion about the sound as "added value" to the visual image, and of Daniel Deshays about the writing of sound, we focus on the power of sound as a symbolic image of social life and therefore capable of telling stories Thus, we believe the sound is not as "added value" to the visual image but as a narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Making an ethnographic study of noise in call centres: a situated analysis of call centre agents' work. Call centres tend to be noisy working environments, as studies in ergonomics and occupational medicine have shown. Noise in call centres can take various forms: ambient background noise - caused mainly by a large number of co-present call centre agents speaking on the phone and typing on their keyboards, high volume in the headset and instructions shouted out to the company at large. However, no employee at the call centre I have been observing seems to regard the ambient noise or the noise in the headset as a problem. Do they get used to these acoustic levels or are they unconsciously structuring the noises they perceive while at work? Making an ethnographic study of noise in call centres therefore means analysing that noise in accordance with its relevance to the activity, bearing in mind the contingencies of its production as it actually occurs, and adopting the actors' standpoint. This paper will examine two extracts - a complaint about an echo in the headset and a shouted instruction - combining a multimodal sequential analysis of speech based on transcripts of the recordings with ethnographic background data. We will see how these two sound occurrences emerge as "noises" because of the way the participants in the action categorize them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Funk carioca is a popular type of music in Brazil, produced and consumed mainly by the youth in the slums of Rio de Janeiro, known as favelas. More than entertainment and work, funk is a form of identity for the youngsters dwelling in the favelas. This paper combines linguistic analysis with ethnography in order to demonstrate that identities forged along such lines rely on a specific language in which funk performers re-signify their own social experiences and build a new cartography of the city. In such language, the slum is no longer a space of barbarism. It is instead a neighborhood where many of these young people live and enact their everyday practices [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the following paper is to analyze the events that took place in one night's prayer of a novena to Ogun (St. Michael) within the Orisha community of St. Helena, Trinidad, employing the uses and practices of ethnography. To obtain a dense description of the event, a holistic analysis was made, applying a triangulation -- three different visions of what is being studied: the text, communal and extra-communal narratives. The first is linked to what the story is about or to the action it narrates; the second is linked to how the group uses the text to create meaning; the third is linked to the way the wider society interprets what is going on. The data upon which this study is based on comprises on-the-spot accounts of Orisha prayers or ceremony, personal supplications, biographies and life-histories of ordinary cult devotees. Valuable insights were derived about social attitudes to the religion as well as its social function, significance and impact of this prayer/ceremony/ritual/festival on the contemporary society of Trinidad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, in language's ecological and boustrophedonic dance, how symbolic systems emerge through denominative games, which, in turn, configure identities. This is where the three analytical pillars - the ecological, boustrophedonic and symbolic -, get together and are reflected in denominative games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]