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Why had the neoliberal and antipopular reforms occurred at Brazil (during Bolsonaro's government) been extensively supported by its people? To answer this question, this paper uses the concept of disaster capitalism to define neoliberalism as a political program that constitutes a specific rationality. This concept, however, turned out to be insufficient to explain the subjective mechanisms involved in the popular support to the reforms. The hypothesis of melancholy - based on the freudian psychoanalysis - was used as a resort, since it uses the identification processes to explain popular submission to a leader, even though their political program is consisted in antipopular reforms and the dismantling of the brazilian State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to verify the income differential between pluriactive, agricultural and non-agricultural families in rural Brazil. For this purpose, the microdata the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) of 2014 were used, through non parametric method of Ñopo (2008) was used. The results showed that pluriactive households earn approximately 64% the more than agricultural households and around 6% the less than non-agricultural households. Econometric estimates reinforced income disparities favorable of pluriactive households (0.1169 Lnw) in relation to agricultural households, and negative income differentials (-0.0647 Lnw) for pluriactivity, compared to non agricultural activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2009 China has been Brazil's biggest trade partner, and its important ally. However, the nationalist right that won the 2018 elections has a critical perspective of the country. This paper maps the views on China held by the new Brazilian government, both in terms of the economic arguments (protectionism of industry, fear of Chinese control of infrastructure and natural resources) and political concerns (the desire for a diplomatic rapprochement with the United States and anticommunism hostility towards Beijing). The paper claims that these positions are important for foreign policy decision-making and that they complicate relations with China, but that is also necessary to take into account more moderate views from other groups in the administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leptospirosis is one of the waterborne diseases that strongly concern the health in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to identify, analyze, and describe the socioeconomic, environmental, and climatic factors that can be directly related to the increase of the leptospirosis cases. In addition, the present study carried out a temporal and spatial analysis to demonstrate the relationship between publications and cases-deaths in Brazil. By searching the databases of the CAPES and LILACS, we selected 43 papers that dealt with leptospirosis and flood in Brazil. Most of the evaluated papers related the occurrence of extreme hydrological events to the increase in the number of cases of leptospirosis. The others focused other factors such as waste accumulation, lack of urban drainage, working services, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the socioeconomic effects of eucalyptus cultivation on the development of producing municipalities in the state of Bahia, Brazil. As a methodology, it was made a recent panoramic analysis of the production of logs for pulp and paper production in the main Brazilian producing states; characterization of forestry in the state of Bahia; Identification of possible influences of the productive activity on the economy of the studied municipalities, through economic data and the agrarian structure analysis; Possible social transformations in the municipalities studied were analyzed through socioeconomic data. According to the results, it is noted that the expansion of the activity in question generated a greater concentration of land due to the increase in the number of large rural properties, migration of the rural population to urban areas, and also, it was unable to provide benefits for population from these locations, from the point of view of the socioeconomic indicators analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the vulnerability to climate change of family farmers in the Rio Doce region, Minas Gerais. The theoretical background was based on the discussion about the negative impacts of climate change on family farming. Vulnerability was identified through its dimensions related to sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity, which were measured by representative indexes, based on socioeconomic and demographic data from 206 farmers in the region, and municipality climate variables. The results indicated that low pluriactivity and reduced access to irrigation mechanisms increased farmers' sensitivity. The low precipitation rates, in relation to the regional historical average, increased the exposure to climate change. The adaptive capacity can be attributed to the low access to rural credit and the absence of public irrigation projects. Therefore, high vulnerability were a consequence of high exposure and sensitivity rates, combined with low adaptive capacity. The results suggest that the region should receive attention in terms of public policies to reduce its vulnerability, enabling it to face more intense climate change scenarios in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 2000s, the emergence of microbreweries producing special beers and the expansion of the Vitis vinifera cultivars, which gave rise to fine wines, can be observed in the south of Brazil. This paper supports the argument that the changes in the structure of consumption were driven by the movement of spatialization and diversification of production and by the creation of new commercialization and sales strategies to meet a new consumer market for intermediate wages and to compete with imported products, mainly in the case of wines. Just as large companies monopolize production and retail channels control sales, microbreweries and small wineries drive new forms of consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of intra-industry trade (IIC) between Brazil, the European Union and China, from 2006 to 2017. For this, we used the gravitational model of trade with panel data by Least Squares. Ordinary and by Poisson Pseudo-Maximun-Likelihood (PPML). Data were collected from Comex Stat, Worl Bank and CEPII sites. Regarding the results achieved, it was found that Brazilian intra-industry trade with the European Union and China is low and showed a decrease over the analyzed period. Regarding the determinants, it was found that the cost of trade negatively affects this trade, that is, the higher the trading costs between Brazil and its trading partners, the lower the IIC tends to be between them. On the other hand, the economic size, income similarity and degree of openness of the trading partner positively affect Brazil's IIC with the analyzed partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at analyzing the territorial dynamics of the BNDES' disbursement for manufacturing industry, based on sectorial competition patterns, regions and federative units, from 2000 to 2018 in Brazil. The approach is based on theories of regional development and makes use of the analytical, descriptive and statistical method of Theil's growth rates and inequality indices (interstate, interregional and intraregional). The results suggest that the share of disbursements in sectorial groups diffusing technical progress/capital goods outs trips the share of traditional and commodity industries in a relevant part of the last 18 years. In addition, BNDES achieved a more balanced regional distribution of disbursements between the period 2010-2015 influenced, mainly, by the Program of Investment Support and strengthening of the activity in the territory. However, from 2015 on, strong reduction of disbursements reflected in the widening regional disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to understand the schooling / (dis) qualification of workers in the countryside and the city, with the arrival of agro-industrial complex in the western region of Santa Catarina, from the formal education of youth and adult, dedicated to training simple and part of the workers. The region has a dependent relationship with large agricultural industries, like Brazil Foods (BRF), Aurora and diplomat Industrial e Comercial Ltda. Using this approach, workers of the countryside and the city, experience a dialectical relationship of (dis) qualifications, opposite the agroindustrial capital. The reported text using the method of dialectical materialism, in which capital and labor are not separate but united dialectically in capitalist production. The study area comprises the town of Xaxim in the west of Santa Catarina, characterized by the presence of an agribusiness of birds, as well as significant trade and services sector, aimed to serve mostly the needs of the agroindustrial capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the composition of Brazilian basket exports and investigates the main factors that explain the high share of natural resources exports in the period from 2000 to 2018. For this, it applies the cointegration methodology by estimation of an Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model to evaluate the effects of international commodity prices, real exchange rate, foreign demand and interest rate on natural resource exports. The results show the relevance of external demand (China effect) and commodity prices to explain the long run performance of those exports, leaving the basket exports vulnerable to cyclical variables that can be reversed over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present topics that characterize the evolution of the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) in the period from 2003 to 2015. Institutionalized in 2003 as a structuring action of the Zero Hunger Program, the actions of the program allied elements of agricultural policy and food security policy, enabling the articulation between production, marketing and consumption, aiming at collaborating with the fight against hunger and poverty in Brazil and, at the same time, strengthening family farming. To do this, an analysis of the PAA trajectory will be carried out on a national scale, as well as macro-regions (Center-West, Northeast, North, Southeast and South). It is possible to affirm, given the results obtained with the research that, although the resources destined to the program have been significantly expanded, their scope is still limited and concentrated in spatial terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the discussions of the Brazilian thinker Oliveira Vianna (1883-1951) about race and environment in the Brazilian society. It seeks to understand how the author tries to equate the two problems involving a formation of a "developed" and "civilized" Brazilian nation at the beginning of 20th century: the population mostly composed by "inferior race" and the determinations imposed by the degenerating tropical environment. Participating of a series of debates on a national project for Brazil, Vianna saw in the resolution of the race and environment issues a viable way for the country. Believing in "aryan" superiority, the author emphasizes the need to insert in the Brazilian territory a population from Europe. Producing a geographical discourse, the author establishes discussions on the men-environment relationship and makes a proposal of a regional planning for the rational allocation of “aryans types” in the Brazilian natural regions. It is important to understand the Vianna’s geographical discourse because he later influenced a set of geographers who sought to discuss the regional differences and the population in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to assess changes in the production systems of the beef cattle industry from its origins to the present day, with emphasis on bovine cattle breeding in the Uruguayan and Argentine Pampa and in the Campanha gaúcha region, in the Brazilian Pampa. A center of modernization that also forged a regional and territorial identity, the Pampa is a unique mark of identity of bovine production in the world. Associated with farming, this activity verticalizes production, establishing ties in and outside Brazil with different forms of international capital, both in the production and in new forms of consumption, redefining the insertion of the beef cattle industry in agribusiness, as well as the dynamics of the domestic and foreign markets and the uniqueness of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the possible consequences of the establishment of the Bank of the BRICS - created at the Fifth Summit of the BRICS, realized in South Africa, 2013, and materialized at the Sixth Summit, in Brazil, 2014, in which the bank received the name of New Development Bank. Specifically, the paper examines whether the creation of the Bank shall, on the one hand, increase the global power and influence of the group and, on the other hand, mitigate the problems arising from the asymmetries in the international monetary and financial system, mainly represented by currency hierarchy. Partly the article is based on the economics of John Maynard Keynes, chiefly in his discussion about the importance of money in the economic system, and partly on the Post Keynesian theory, when it is addressing the asymmetries in the international monetary and financial system. Worth noticing that the Bank of the BRICS was created recently so that its working is not plenty yet. Hence, this article has a speculative character, but contributive to wonder about the Bank's possibilities and the outcomes of its existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper was to estimate an Input Output Matrix of the South Coast of Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil, to know the economic profile from the analysis indicators. The results of the income and employment multipliers indicated that the sectors with the greatest impact were: forest production, fishing and aquaculture; storage and mail; construction; trade; agriculture and forestry and road freight transport. In addition, key sectors of the region were considered based on the following indices: construction; other services; wood products - excluding furniture; water, sewage and waste management; manufacturing of chemicals, resins, elastomers and other transportation equipment. In general terms, activities related to forestry production, port activity and agribusiness are highly representative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]