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This article analyzes the resources used by Arthur Schnitzler (1862-1931) to write the book Fräulein Else (1924). The dialogues, the letters and the inner monologue tell (or show) the story of the beautiful young woman who has the fate of the family in her hands: Else is under pressure to accept the request of the unscrupulous Mr. von Dorsday to get the money that will prevent the arrest of her father. Based on Beth Brait's (2006) character-building study and on the considerations on the flow of consciousness made by the French literary critic Michel Zéraffa (2010), for whom Schnitzler was one of the true precursors of Joyce and Faulkner, a comparison is made between Else and Lieutenant Wilhelm Kasda, the protagonist of the novel Night games (1926), written two years later by the same author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Built in the school space, the fraternal relationship of two adolescents, Anderson and Fabinho, is strengthened by the wisdoms of Candomblé, in the work Modupé, meu amigo, by Stefania Capone and Leonardo Carneiro (2015), illustrations by Victor Tavares, selected for this paper. The authors take care, throughout the work, of deconstructing prejudices along the narrative and highlight specific vocabulary of African matrix religiosities, contributing to a wider comprehension of its presence in our language and culture. The rereading of words of bantu origin, in Falando Bantu, by Eneida D. Gaspar (2011), illustrations by Victor Tavares, and the creation of words, like the ludic poetry in Caderno de rimas de João (2016) and Caderno sem rimas de Maria (2018), by Lázaro Ramos, both illustrated by Maurício Negro, fulfill valuable instants of literary reading and listening, while signifiers and meanings are uprooted of the brazilian everyday’s language and slip through the gaps of literary language. In this paper, the aim is to analyze, in this works, the verbal and non-verbal languages and how they contribute to deconstruct prejudices. For this debate, we highlight studies by Stuart Hall (2006), Sanara S. Rocha (2018) and Grada Kilomba (2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the feasibility of taking the issue of a life project as an evangelizing action of a pastoral nature, particularly exploring the challenge of an initiative in these lines in the university context. The paper begins with a conceptual analysis, explaining the notions of evangelizing action and pastoral activity, as well as the notion of a life project. Then, the university context is examined as a potential locus for the conception of the life project from a pastoral perspective. The next step is the examination of a concrete experience of the treatment under analysis implemented and developed at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, carried out from 2018, namely, the Quest project, paying special attention to the reflection on the meaning of life. Then, we seek to get an evaluation of the experience based on quantitatively and qualitatively measured results. Finally, we present our concluding remarks and some perspectives for future work on this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate how the stress clashes, that is, sequences of two or more stressed syllables, are "solved" in terms of prominence relation (strong/weak), in the first 25 Cantigas de Santa Maria, attributed to Alfonso the X (1221-1284), the Wise, from the point of view of Prosodic Phonology (NESPOR; VOGEL, 1986), in order to verify the role of phonological phrase (Φ) as domain to the solution to stress clashes. To determine which syllable(s) in sequence has(have) prominence, in the established rhythmic relation, this paper departs from an interface with Music, searching for clues in the Cantigas' musical notation, considering as parameters the duration of musical notes and the location of the note in position of musical prominence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the publication of Axel Honneth's last lengthy studies, critical theorists have been discussing if his "normative reconstruction" is able to connect with the traditional aims of Critical Theory, namely, criticizing society. This paper aims to take part in the discussion about the implications of social reconstruction, highlighting its strengths. In a second step, it discusses if reconstruction can work out as a criticism of neoliberalism, and to do that, the paper critically compares reconstruction with the alternative approach of analysing neoliberalism as a "normative order", as proposed by Wendy Brown, mainly. In conclusion, the paper claims that reconstruction connects with elements of a political economy of the present, and therefore is a more solid method for critique than the analysis of neoliberalism's political discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the theme of genealogy as critique in Michel Foucault's philosophy. The argument questions the importance of the critical procedure in the genealogical phase. For this, the hypothesis adopts the microphysics of power as an object of analysis to develop the main aspects of Foucault's critical thought. The paper presents the following steps: a) readings offered on genealogy as critique; b) the relationship between genealogy and critique in Foucault's research; c) notes on what a microphysics of power is capable of; d) the importance of the forms of problematization. The paper observes the little attention given to critique within Foucault's thought in relation to commentaries' review. The conclusion argues that Foucault's attempts to make a genealogy as critique imply the possibility of critical thought being a form of research on the diagnosis of the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze some fundamentals of catholic education and associate them with the global context of insecurity and fear that has intensified in the West, especially in Brazil, in the past decades. These elements are crucial to understanding the catholic educational proposal and its relevance. In exploring these elements, it is possible to envision how catholic education seeks to provide a solid foundation to face uncertainties and promote a critical and dialogical awareness. In order to do so, a contextualization is made regarding the culture of fear and its mechanisms. Then, on the basis of the Global Compact on Education, theological elements are explored, which are present in the educational practice of the catholic tradition. Finally, possibilities of reflection are presented regarding pedagogical and theological institutions are presented for catholic education in times of concern. This is a theoretical essay based on literature review, using the methodology of narrative review of literature. In conclusion, it can be noted that Catholic education, in light of its founding intuitions and its expression as an Educational Covenant, can be a path towards rediscovering the meaning of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no doubt that to the Christian was given the task to show the world why Christianity is the Revelation of God. However, in recent years, in an attempt to establish a consubstantiated narrative discourse, Christian apologetics seems to have become trapped within extremely rationalist argumentative structures. If, on the one hand, this effort brought some good results; on the other hand, by ignoring the power of other argumentative possibilities, this type of apologetics also ended up generating some resistance among non-Christian people. In order to reach everyone, in this paper we present a "new" proposal for the defense of the Christian faith in the public space. From the text of Ph 2,5-11, existential principles anchored in the teaching of imitatio Christi are taken for a more incarnational apologetic within space-time. We believe that the christological hymn provides a consistent substrate for a much richer and more organic defense of the faith, bearing a greater resemblance to the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By means of a literature review, this study presents validity evidence for two Primary Metaphor Comprehension Tasks, one verbal and the other non-verbal. Both tasks are part of a more comprehensive figurative language comprehension task (dubbed COMFIGURA), which was elaborated under the Cognitive Linguistics framework, following notions from the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, and considered guidelines from Psychometrics. We searched and identified empirical studies conducted with three versions of the tasks that were published in the following scientific databases: LUME UFRGS, EBSCOhost, Periódicos CAPES, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo. Six papers were found, analyzed, and systematized in terms of task version, results found, and observed validity evidence type. Overall, robust content, criterion and response process validity evidence was found for both the verbal and the non-verbal primary metaphor comprehension tasks (in all versions). With this, we sought to contribute to the framework of instruments available to clinicians and researchers, as well as to advance conceptual and primary metaphor theories, by analyzing the use of these tasks in different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1980s, bilingual education for deaf people has been a widespread and burgeoning education proposition in several countries around the world, and linguistics research has been playing a pivotal role in such development. This paper looks at the contribution of Psycholinguistics in education for the deaf, stemming from two highly relevant topics: 1. linguistic deprivation and age of exposure to sign language; 2. cross-language activation to recognize words in L2. Research demonstrates that the age of sign language as L1 acquisition deeply affects L1 and L2 acquisition, processing, and proficiency. It also emphasizes the importance of early exposure to sign language and bilingual education for the deaf. Scholarship about L2 lexical recognition sheds light on the coactivation of words and signs, even in deaf people who are L2 highly proficient. Research such as this contributes to our understanding of the bilingual path that deaf people take to writing acquisition, as deaf bilinguals often use L1 in face-to-face interaction but L2 in writing interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses BP primary stress and its relationship to morphology, based on the analysis proposed in Lee (2007) in the framework of Optimality Theory (Prince; Smolensky, 1993). It is argued that primary stress in Portuguese presents a mixed rhythm pattern (trochee and iamb), and that morphology is highly involved with the positioning of primary stress in this language. We will show that stress must have access to the lexical category and the internal structure of words, such as the stem in non-verbs and the thematic vowel in verbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to investigate whether Brazilians have become more conservative in economic terms, especially after 2013, despite the gains of the center-left administrations in the social field. As a methodology, a descriptive analysis of data from different sources is presented, as well as a literature review on the 2013 protests. With contribution to the literature due to the breadth of data and approaches, the results point to the progress of social policy with repercussions on the fall of poverty and inequality, however, with setbacks materializing in the Constitutional Amendment 95 and in labor and social security reforms. Amid the inflection that started with the 2013 demonstrations, the conclusion is that there seems to have been a wave of economic conservatism, which would have reached its peak at some point in the five years after 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at examining the pages of the websites of seven Brazilian institutions that offer online Social Work courses, which are available to the population of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The data show that the main strategies for promoting the courses focus on economic aspects such as tuition fees, discounts and scholarship opportunities. The little space for the presentation of the curriculum and professional training signals a distance from the ethical-political project of the Brazilian Social Service, committed to a secular, free, critical and quality education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses how Norbert Elias's theoretical-methodological framework may help to think about the relation between child and city. It investigates, from a theoretical view -but also from some research results-, what is the influence of spatial dimension in the networks of interdependencies of children. In order to do so, three important aspects for this type of knowledge production are highlighted: the Eliasian theoretical-methodological construct based on social configurations; the implications of this construct to think research studies with children; and the implications of it to understand how diff erent children may live in such excluding cities, which are hierarchical and which produce inequalities. It is possible to conclude that this framework helps very much because it promotes a type of space comprehension as woven from diff erent gradients of power and status, and as an element that relates the positions children and their families hold in the neighborhood and the city configurations. On the other hand, as children act in their own networks, they question, mean, tension, and change the territory such as any other citizen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this text, we want to dialogue about the spatialization of the lives of babies and children in the cities, from a look at urbanization and living in different territories. Our reflection is based on the condition of the alley, as an unaccustomed spatial expression, which has the strength and potency of childhood itself. We will thus tell the stories of the alleys, in the form of geographies, with children and babies, so that we can look at their spatial experiences and their right to the city. This paper is an encounter with others, a set of voices coming from other research, with academic authors and with the literature. It is an academic essay that addresses the central themes present in the title itself. And, in this perspective, thinking about the right to create another form of spatiality, in which the very condition of humanization and, in particular, the dimension of topogenesis is considered as one of the marks to be appreciated. We argue that the guarantee of the right to (another) city must have as a principle not only the so-called spatial autonomy, but, together with it, the guarantee of spatial authorship and development in its entirety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the educational context of mother tongue teaching, the question of language form overlaps with stylistic questions. However, a stylistic approach to grammatical forms is possible and, more than that, necessary, in the educational practice of language teaching. In order to understand how stylistics can contribute to the process of (re) birth of the student's linguistic individuality in response to the hegemony of the impersonality of language, this paper is constructed by comparing the proposals of Mikhail Bakhtin (2013) with regard to stylistic issues in the teaching of language and the propositions of João Wanderley Geraldi (1997, 2006) in relation to the basic units of Portuguese teaching, more specifically to the practices of linguistic analysis. For this, we deal with three points: 1) the opposition made by Bakhtin between a purely grammatical analysis and the stylistic approach of the mother tongue in the classroom; 2) an exercise of comparison between Bakhtin's stylistic approach and Geraldi's propositions about practices of linguistic analysis in mother tongue teaching; 3) some understandings about the stylistic approach in mother tongue teaching as a response to the hegemony of language impersonality. This paper seeks to update Bakhtinian thinking, as it puts into dialogue the theoretical-methodological propositions about the relationship between semantic and stylistic aspects of the language constructed by Bakhtin - developed in the context of Russian language teaching within the educational system in the Soviet Union in the years 1940 - with practices of linguistic analysis as one of the basic units of teaching Portuguese in contemporary times. Comparing these two propositions allowed us to understand that the two authors build, through theoritical-methodological propositions of mother tongue teaching, a confrontation between an education that recognizes and reproduces concepts and terminologies and teaching language in use, in a creative way, in the sense of build, with the students, a view to their creative potential in the face of the language, a potential to say their own word from the choices of linguistic forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present paper is to reflect upon black women's strategies of resistance on the graduate schools based on the paper's authors experience as advisor and advisee. It parts from the analysis of the international circulation effects of the net of concepts related to interseccionality in its effects of politically neutralizing appropriation and the intellectual destitution of the centrality of black experience. Even though the feminist theory has incorporated interseccionality, it is frequently operated an intellectual suppression of the centrality of black women's experience on the constitution of a self-defined point of view. In opposition to this neutralizing effect of the concept's international circulation, it is here analyzed how the concept has been translated and experimented by black graduates as a crossroads - category of the african matrix religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to investigate the Galileo case from Feyerabend's perspective. Galileo's judgment as a prominent place in the history of science especially in relation to its political unfolding. In effect, the scientific community and academia characterize an mis judged Galileo, while the Church is represented as the enemy of science in history. This paper aims to examine some important points of Feyerabend's philosophy. First of all, the problem of rationality in the face of the progress of science will be discussed. In this moment, Feyerabed makes a defence of the irrational procedures for the scientific scope. After that, the relationship between science and ideology will be examined, since science has certain predominance over other fields. Finally, our discussion is directed to Galileo's case, since Feyerabend realizes that the Church was closer to rationality than Galileo when he examined the history of science and Galileo's judgment. According to Feyerabend, Galileo's theory was far from experience and observation and thus the physicist's justification was insufficient to prove his theses. Moreover, the inquisitorial agents warned Galileo of the possible implication of disseminating his theory. The physicist ful filled two essential parts in Feyerabend's philosophy: the complexity of historical narrative and the defense of irrational procedures in development of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents contributions from Sociolinguistics to reading, based on the observation of reading aloud. By the assumption that the sociolinguistic awareness can be a predictor of the success in reading, the paper present in a broad sense models of reading and the surface sociolinguistic features that allow to infer levels of reading, considering the word recognition and language comprehension. This approach subsides a diagnosis which teachers can make at classroom and it can goal actions to improve reading skills, even out of initial reading time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to encourage the reader to deepen his understanding of the elements of natural law inserted in the thought of John Finnis, especially in what concerns the human right of religious freedom. This is due to the fact that this author presents a unique perspective on religion, in order to consider it as one of the fundamental basic human goods. Before being a human right protected in international treaties and in the Constitutions of various countries, religion, according to its theory, is a human good that must be protected. Such protection is essential for the fulfillment of all the potentialities of each human being, so that it is possible to reach its human flourishing and, thus, the common good. Thus, it will be discussed in this paper whether religious freedom, from the perspective of John Finnis, is universal and should thus be endorsed and universally applied throughout the world, using as an example the document of the II Vatican Council - Dignitatis Humanae (1965). Also, a bibliographical analysis of the author's works on this topic will be carried out in order to identify what are, and if they exist, principles of religious freedom that are universally applicable throughout the world and especially in the West. Thus, the identification of these principles will be recognized the relevance of protection and encouragement to the exercise of this right in the public space, given the natural character relative to the human good of religion, in view of the theory presented by John Finnis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at analyzing structural elements of the short story "So feared a hell", by Uruguayan author Juan Carlos Onetti, and investigating how such elements lead to the centrality of the character of Gracia César in that narrative. Using as a basis bibliographic research pertaining to the general theory of the short story as genre and to theoretical studies of that piece of work in particular, the paper analyzes its categories of plot, themes, characters, narrator and focalization. It is concluded that those components are articulated in a manner that supports the female character as hidden protagonist, at once diluted and emphasized by the swaying narrative distance with which she is perceived throughout the story. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets out to analyze to what extent Maria Firmina dos Reis (1822-1917), an Afro-Brazilian writer from Maranhão State, having published her novel Úrsula (1859) created a different sort of narrative so as to understand Brazil's history and its people. By dwelling attention on African elements in her literary productions, Maria Firmina builds up another Brazilian identity, the one which takes into account not only Africans, but also African descendants in our country. In doing so, the author focuses upon the discussion of our formation with a strong criticism to the slavery period, which by the way was part of her world and is still part of ours when one tries to understand what Brazil is. At the same time, this long forgotten and subordinate Brazilian writer also used the aforementioned novel as a means of explaining and criticizing patriarchy and male domination. Throughout the paper, we seek to demonstrate how Maria Firmina dos Reis did so, that is, created a new interpretation of Brazil, a plural and democratic one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss the influence area of Belo Monte dam, in operation since 2016 in the Xingu river, state of Pará. This discussion starts with the analysis of the perspective of riverine people from extractive reserves of Terra do Meio on the impacts to problematize the spatial category that relates, in particular, to the exclusion of these protected areas as affected territories. Using qualitative methods that involve fieldwork, participant observation, ethnography, and semi-structured interviews, this paper highlight the contradictions surrounding the non-recognition of the riverine populations in the context of impacts of Belo Monte dam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revisits the old question about the ontology of universals. It was extensively debated in Medieval Philosophy, especially by the influence of Aristotle's writings. That question was also discussed by Strawson and Quine in the twentieth century. This paper aims to investigate the existence of universals and the quality of its existence. The background for this research was the theory of perception of John Searle. However, in order to reach this goal, it will be showed and discussed some previous theories about the ontology of universals, such as the proposals of Strawson and Quine. From Strawson, it will be analyzed his definition of universals. From Quine, it will be discussed the famous proposal of the ontological commitment. The research built from this scenario and, then, exposed the theory of perception of John Searle. Only then, the consequences of that theory to the study of the ontology of universals were analyzed. As a matter of conclusion, it will be realized that the theory of perception of Searle points to the existence of the universals as non-linguistic entities whose characteristics remain present in the real world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In continuation of the research: "Women in Brazilian Theology", this paper focuses on the issue of women's space in the Church and Theology. However, it is not just any environment of or for women, we consider it a shekinah, that is, God's feminine dwelling in history. In this way, a brief historical overview is traced from the tents of the Old Testament to the screens of the digital age. Through bibliographical research, the study analyzes the feminine trajectory for spaces of speech and protagonism in thinking, teaching, and living the Christian faith. It brings examples of some Christian women who broke the silence and could not help but be noticed in the biblical and contemporary contexts. Looking from the earliest times of the Jewish-Christian tradition to the present day, the question that guides the investigation is: is there an authentic feminine shekinah in the Catholic Church and theology? It was verified that there has always been a strong and engaged feminine presence in the Christian community, although not always recognized and highlighted. There are currently legitimate spaces of feminine protagonism, especially in pastoral work, and others of mere gaps or quotas for women left in the academies, meaning that the feminine shekinah still needs to widen the fabric of its tent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze two short stories from contemporary Brazilian literature, Rubem Fonseca's "O outro" and Geovani Martins' "Espiral", in order to investigate whether the theme of the double appears in both narratives, how this supposed construction takes place and what it is capable of yielding in interpretive terms. We consider the hypothesis that the composition of the theme of the double in the referred short stories is, in fact, perceptible, is mobilized by persecutory relationships, of a negative nature, between the first-person narrators and secondary characters within each plot and allows us to observe, among other things, the unveiling of socioeconomic disparities, literarily (re)constituted in the narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In dialogue with Arnaut's (2018) perspective, for whom Portuguese fictional literary production from the 2000s onwards has as a characteristic the recurrence of intertextual and interart practices, allied to representations of extreme violence and characters marked by what the author considers pathological imbalances, in the narrative of Uso Errado da Vida (Wrong Use of Life) by Paulo Rodrigues Ferreira we can see the constitution of an immoderately intertextual plot in which the characters reveal more and more maladjustments at every moment, with regard to the conventionally established standards of conduct and social coexistence. In this sense, this paper proposes an analysis of the representation of the abject in Wrong Use of Life, especially from Orestes, the protagonist with the same name of the tragedy Oresteia, by Ésquilo. We will take Kristeva's (1982) propositions as a theoretical basis about the concept of the abject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work problematizes the construction of identities in the contemporary times from a reading of the novel Todos os nomes, by José Saramago, through the theoretical-methodological discursive and cultural studies perspectives, centering the discussion on the character Sr. José. This is an analytical exercise whose desire is to contribute to discussions about the relationship between discourse, literature and identity in the so-called (post)modernity. Discussing "identity" is also raising points about "subject", "subjectivity", "history", among other terms that are core to this field of study. This paper, based in a special way on Stuart Hall and Zygmunt Bauman, starts a journey in search of answers for "who" the "anonymous" are (or Zés) in (post)modernity and how they are meant in contemporaneity. Questions are asked here; some answers are raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a study about História do cerco de Lisboa (2011) by José Saramago. The aim is to stabelish relations between the literary work and the theory of irony and parody. We have sought, for, to spotlight aspects of these categories into the composition of the narrative considerating the critical hole of the narrator in the rebuilding of the historiographical happenings. From the consideration of this novel as a historiographical metafiction, we have noticed that, as through the irony mobilization as much as through the parody, it is has built into the narrative a critical saying created from the fiction in opposition to a crystallised historical speech considerated as the only one and absolute, the History of Tradition. We have supported on several studies which treat about the irony and the parody in the contemporary historical novel, developing our reading from the method of the textual criticism through a bibliographical research with an interpretative slant. As theoretical basis, we have relied on, among others, the ideas by Hutcheon (1989, 1991), Marinho (1999), Brandão (1945) and Calbucci (1999). Thereby, we have elucidated some aspects what show how the contemporary historical novel História do cerco de Lisboa (2011) does its rereading about the History. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper provides an interpretation of Dom Casmurro, advancing as critical hypothesis an attempt to read the novel's formal fragmentation, one of the characteristics of Machado de Assis's so called free form, as a mimesis of the subjective structure of Bento Santiago, the novel's ficcional author, understood from the perspective of romantic irony, as it was theoretically developed by Friedrich Schlegel (1973). In critical dialogue with the works of Roberto Schwarz (1977, 1990), José Guilherme Merquior (1978), Sá Rego (1989), Rouanet (2007), we have researched the different hermeneutical approaches the free form has received, in order to propose the specificity of our own interpretation. Having analyzed Schlegel's texts and the secondary bibliography on romantic irony, we conclude that Bento Santiago's narrative situation is concretized within the very novel's free form, whose fragmentation and highly subjective nature expresses the paradox which constitutes romantic irony: the necessity and impossibility of an absolute communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text approaches the second novel written by James Baldwin, Giovanni's Room, from a perspective of the debate about the roots of racism in the USA. In this paper, we argue that Baldwin's main concern was to show the racist bases of the American national identity, as well as the relationship between the sexual insecurity of the American gay man and racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an introductory study that aims to observe the intonational behavior of Noke Koin interrogative sentences, a language which display a specific morphological mark to indicate the modality question. Noke Koin belongs to the Páno linguistic family, and is spoken in Brazil, in the interior of the state of Acre. In this paper we will investigate the movement of the interrogative sentences F0 curves and specially the movement displayed on the affix item -ra in order to identify the different contours types it can exhibit. The results obtained show that there are no obligatory contours, although there are more frequent contours; in particular, on the affix -ra, a perceptible movement is observed, preferably in sentences without an interrogative operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phonological nature of /l/ in European Portuguese (EP) and its acquisition by monolingual Portuguese children have been discussed by researchers and clinicians over the last years. The main goals of this paper are to offer a description of /l/ in recent acquisition data stored in Ramalho-EP (success rates and repair strategies) and to discuss the different phonological representations proposed for /l/ in EP, by using our data and other acquisition data available in the literature. Results show an effect of syllable complexity in the acquisition of /l/ (the trend Simple Onset >> Coda >> Complex Onset was attested), although /l/ is not acquired in any of the syllable constituents (success rates below 76%). The preference for the repair segments [w, υ] was interpreted as empirical evidence for the processing of /l/ as [+continuant], as proposed by Mateus e Andrade (2000) and against Amorim e Veloso (2021). Moreover, these variants and the late acquisition of /l/ favor the use of [+approximant] to represent /l/ in EP, the feature proposed by Amorim e Veloso (2021) to replace [+lateral] in the phonological system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper on the palatal lateral in Portuguese seeks in the phonological representation the motivation for the variable production of the segment. Based on Hall's (2011) contrast and enhancement approach and using Purnell and Raimy's (2015) model of internal organization of segments, the palatal lateral is represented as a coronal laminal segment in the Portuguese phonological system. The different possibilities for completing and improving features at the phonetic-phonological level, by adding dorsality with or without segment anteriorization, produce the variability that, on the surface, seeks to highlight an intrinsically ambiguous realization (the alveopalatality implied by the laminal property) in favorable environment (the intervocalic context). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to discuss the practices related to training Portuguese as an additional language (PAL) teachers developed by the Linguistic-Cultural Program for International Students (PLEI) at the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). This article describes the characteristics of the activities organized by the Program, considering the performance of the students-teachers in 2020-2021. The methodology consists in presenting an overview of the complexities regarding the training of PAL teachers, highlighting the intercultural, communicative and inclusive aspects. For this, we followed discussions based on Almeida Filho (2012, 2013), which aims to analyze the teacher training and the communicative approach involved in the PAL context, agreeing with Mendes (2020) on the need for culturally sensitive discussions in the teaching-learning process of this/in this area. As a result, it is pointed out the problems, the challenges and the distinct ways found to improve the PAL teaching at UFPB, as well as to pursue the IES Internationalization Policy through the relations among Extension, Teaching and Research. In summary, leading the student in initial training to understand the processes of teaching, learning how to teach, is of fundamental importance for his/her preparation as a PAL teacher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to evaluate the representations and symbolism of spaces, showing their relations with processes of violence, disillusionment and resistance in the short story "Tio me dá só cem", by João Melo. To this end, we will highlight the presentation of life on the streets and the narrator's condition of subalternity, starting from the relationship he establishes with such space. By analyzing the space and its implications in the construction of the characters we will have a perspective of the representation of chaos in the fictional society, very taxing of the real one, making evident the representation of a society that, in crisis, lives the impacts of war, neocolonialism and capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to demonstrate and analyze some economic and social effects aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. I argue that those effects are the pre-pandemic disastrous political, economic and social consequences of ultraliberal and fascist forces in power. The paper also draws attention to the worsening socio-economic and harmful conditions of this context for the working class, especially for the poorest groups. To make this possible, we have been carrying out documentary and systematic literature reviews since the beginning of the pandemic. The article contributes to broader theoretical debates about the public policy in the Brazilian government's management in facing the CoVid effects, which explains the higher mortality rates and the aggravation of social problems during the current scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to investigate the limits of coping with the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil, in its first 180 days. The methodology used is bibliographic survey, to find gaps in the field of social sciences, and a discourse analysis, in a Marxist sense. The results indicate two types of problems: an organic, which is related to the condition of a country of dependent capitalism, which has a form of autocratic domination, which negatively influences public health; the other is the Bolsonaro's government and its inertia in dealing with the health crisis. Also, the pandemic develops unevenly, reaching mostly the poorest and blacks / browns, showing the class character of the pandemic in Brazil. Finally, we criticize the limits of the approaches that defend the return of the Keynesian State as a solution to the crisis of neoliberalism that the coronavirus opens up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the relationship between social origin and educational outcomes. The objective is to verify if the increasing schooling of the Brazilian population was able to weaken the relationship between class of origin and achieved education. We use relative measures of schooling, which reflect the distribution of education among the population and/or its value in the labor market. The empirical analysis is guided by the comparison of the results of statistical models that use absolute and relative measures of schooling. Such models are applied to data collected in 1982, 1996 and 2014, for individuals aged between 28 and 41 years, thus forming three distinct cohorts. The data come from the Pnads - IBGE, and are analyzed using linear (OLS) and non-linear (logit-ordinal) models. The results support the hypothesis that, by adopting relative measures of education, we arrive at less optimistic estimates about the capacity of educational expansion to reduce the effect of class origin on the level of schooling achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary social and political theory, thinkers from the left as well as those from the right very often start from the basis of an antogistic social ontology. They take it for granted that there are irreconcilable conflicts and divergencies of interest between social groups such that, as Laclau, Rancière and others would have it, eternal struggle is not just unavoidable, but desirable, since its absence signifies nothing but the unchecked hegemony of a particular social faction. This view corresponds to a social reality in which political actors simply perceive of each other as allies or as enemies and obstacles that need to be fought or silenced. Such a reality inevitably produces a growing sense of political alienation. By contrast, this contribution claims that we should start from a relational social ontology which implies that social relations are not a priori given, but are themselves a product of social and political institutions and practices. Hence, relationships between social groups need not be antagonistic, but can take on a wide variety of forms. Critical Theory therefore should focus on the nature and quality of social, physical, temporal and spatial relationships established in social institutions. The paper then goes on to delevop the conceptual framework for such an analysis based on the theory of resonance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the convergences and divergences between two characterizations of modernity that point to its mythical dimension: the critique formulated by Adorno and Horkheimer in Dialectics of Enlightenment and the conception of Enrique Dussel as presented in his work 1492: El encubrimiento del otro. This theoretical interlocution proposal aims to enrich the Critical Theory's decolonization project in order to better explore its potential for sociopolitical criticism - especially regarding to social structures, processes and relations in peripheral societies of world capitalism. The article is organized in three steps: it starts with the presentation of the classic arguments of Critical Theory regarding the mythical narrative of modernity; then, it discusses the possibilities of expanding and critically reviewing this perspective based on Dussel works; and, finally, it makes an assessment of the discussion and outlines considerations about the pertinence and necessity of this dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a reconstruction of aspects of Theodor Adorno's social theory, this paper aims to analyze his interpretation of the mechanics of fascist seduction in democracies. If Dialectics of Enlightenment had drawn attention to elements of continuity between the Nazi-fascism the immediate post-war period at the core countries of capitalism, Adorno shed light on the objective conditions and subjective assumptions that maintain the fascism as an immanent tendency of the so-called golden age. Rather than a traditional historiography of ideas, my objective is also to highlight contributions that the Frankfurt scholar could bring to the current debate on the rise of contemporary far right leaders and movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to briefly analyze the difference between self-awareness and self-knowledge in Kant and will try to present empirical evidence for this division, especially from the proposal of Klein (2012). For this, the primary source of research will be the Critique of Pure Reason (CPR). This work has the following structure: first, what led Kant to address the issue of self-consciousness will be briefly presented; then, the difference between self-awareness and self--knowledge in CRP will be discussed considering this discussion among current commentators as well; finally, some empirical evidence of this separation will be presented based on Klein's (2012) arguments and these will be discussed based on the idealist proposal of the German philosopher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes a parallel between Francisco de Vitoria's Relectio De Matrimonio and Hegel's view on matrimony in his Philosophy of Right. Although the principles were different, the scholastic Thomist, based on Natural Law, agrees with the German idealist in many aspects, being on monogamy, prohibition on consanguinity, essentiality of the freedom from both sides and even some circumstances of dissolubility of the matrimonial bound. Even though both were theoretical and not jurists in the practical sense, their reflections have in common the unity between theory and practice that may be the true key to discover the reason why they get to many similar conclusions in different periods of thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the divergences and convergences between Gadamer's Philosophical Hermeneutics and Habermas's Critical Theory. In this effort, a brief theoretical-philosophical itinerary was traced on the comprehension of reality, sometimes in terms of the Habermasian communicative action, sometimes from the self-understanding reflection of the Gadamerian existence. What are the limits identified by Habermas about Gadamer's hermeneutics? What criticisms are made by Gadamer regarding Habermas's communicative reason? Is it possible to observe any unity between the two theoretical approaches or are they just diametrically opposed? It follows that the transformation Habermas aims for is not intended to totally nullify the traditional knowledge retained by Gadamerian thinking, just as Gadamer's traditional knowledge does not entirely rule out the possibilities for change advocated by the emancipatory bias of the Habermasian theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a concise and critical overview of the notions of border within regionalism theory and praxis. It also discusses the last decade's increase of border barriers in this globalized world and its relation to regionalism. We provide a historical approach to theoretical construction and consider implied ideas of border derived from theoretical and empirical developments of regionalism. This paper finds that old regionalism indicates a notion of border as separation; new regionalism implies a notion of border as filter. The current wave of comparative regionalism identifies two apparently contradictory processes (multilevel regionalisms and nationalisms) that actuate the formation of (cross) border regions embedded into tangled webs of global networks, which requires a globalist perspective of regionalist dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how extraverbal aspects imply asymmetry in speech turn-taking in discursive interaction's dynamics, shedding light on ways the use of language can establish hierarchy in the social fabric. In order to do so, it analyses a conversation regarding a public-private deadlock (Teatro Oficina) through the interweaving of two approaches: the oral text analysis, as proposed by Projeto da Norma Urbana Linguística Culta, and principles of the Dialogic Discourse Analysis. Especially supported by the notion of speech turn-taking and the social orientation of the utterance, the study finds that the distribution of speech turns can be subject to the importance of socio-economic hierarchy when it comes to the way conflicts of interests are dealt with even in a democratic environment, which raises questions about the correlation between purchasing power and the right to speak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper thematizes the phenomenon of valorization and responsiveness motivated by polemical utterances in the 2017 political context from the perspective of Dialogical Discourse Analysis - DDA. The overall objective was to analyze the dialogical and evaluative relations of polemical discourses around a lecture published on the online platform YouTube and the comments to it. The investigation is justified, since it becomes important to reflect on the responsiveness resulting from discourses that permeate the national arena in the Brazilian political scene. The research is characterized as qualitative-interpretative, resorting to the analysis of frames of the lecture and comments/posts produced by internet users, evaluating the evaluations and responsiveness produced. After the analysis, it was found that the valuation in the uttered utterances motivates the responsiveness identified in the interactants' counterword. The contribution achieved comes from the reflection about the process of dialogic interaction of different social subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the discussion about the use of a gender-neutral language, that do not promote the exclusion of people who do not identify themselves with the binary gender division in male and female, has been gaining space in society. Such theme has been the focus of discussions not only in the academic environment, for instance, with scientific papers and lectures about this form of linguistic expression, but also on the part of the population in general and, also, the Legislative Power, which proposed, in 2020, four projects regarding this subject. In view of the theme relevance nowadays, this study aims to reflect on the use of this form of language from the Bakhtin Circle's perspective, using the concept of ideological sign proposed by these thinkers. Therefore, we have also analyzed some excerpts of the Law Project No. 5.385, that addresses the gender-neutral language, seeking to dialogue with the motivations and implications of this form of expression. Thus, we understand that such form of language is based on a re-accentuation of ideological signs, resulting from a change in reality, so that the signs become the scene of stress between groups which see the identity as binary and groups that do not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the meanings of the sign "novo mundo" from three advertising posts of Latam Airlines, published on its Facebook page. The clipping privileged the posts with image and text that the sign "novo mundo" was materialized, in a discursive sample taken between the months of March and September 2020. We present a theoretical section that we discuss the ideological sign according to Volóchinov (2017) and a section in which we deal with the question of the concrete utterance and its methodological approach from the Bakhtin Circle. The analysis links the three advertising posts with different moments of understanding of the Coronavirus pandemic by society: a "novo mundo" in emergence, in the first, a "novo mundo" in consolidation, in the second; a "novo mundo" as already given in the third. Finally, we consider that the "novo mundo" that Latam builds in its discourse is its way of coping with the pandemic and its ideologically constructed strategy to sell tickets, which occurs simultaneously with the resumption of society's economic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]