Search

The CP phenotype for each cohort was scored on the following criteria as either high confidence (fulfilled >=5 criteria), moderate (3-4), or low confidence (<=2): (i) CP defined with well acknowledged definition; (ii) clinical diagnosis of CP confirmed at time of recruitment; (iii) inclusion/exclusion criteria of the study met the clinical description of CP; (iv) CP clinically confirmed at >= age four; (v) motor disorders of CP well described; (vi) individual phenotyping data available. B Results b : Among the sample of children, 30 did not have CP and 45 had spastic CP (GMFCS levels I-V; 29 bilateral CP; 16 unilateral CP: 8 right, 8 left). B Background and Objective(s) b : The compounding effects of adverse health/function factors as individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) age into and through adulthood can create multiple pathways to complex medical profiles, but the patterns of comorbidities among adults with CP remains understudied. B Background and Objective(s) b : Cerebral palsy (CP) results in impairment of muscle function including muscles of the face, mouth, and throat, which may cause oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) and affects 85% of children with CP. B Background and Objective(s) b : The QEDIN-CP network provides training and support for early screening to fast-track infants to early intervention according to the cerebral palsy (CP) early detection guideline. [Extracted from the article]

I would like to respond to a paper by Tatzer et al.[1] in which they claim that there is "no evidence" that Hans Asperger knew about Nazi "child euthanasia" at Am Spiegelgrund in Vienna when he referred two patients there, who later died. Response to Tatzer et al: Their paper on what Asperger knew about Nazi "child euthanasia" does not provide a rigorous assessment of the available evidence Tatzer et al concede that Asperger probably knew of the August 1939 decree to report children with severe disabilities to the public health offices, which laid the groundwork for the "child euthanasia" programme. [Extracted from the article]

Aim: To identify the research on childhood disability service adaptations and their impact on children and young people with long‐term disability during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Method: A mapping review was undertaken. We searched the World Health Organization Global COVID‐19 database using the search terms 'children', 'chronic/disabling conditions', and 'services/therapies'. Eligible papers reported service changes for children (0–19 years) with long‐term disability in any geographical or clinical setting between 1st January 2020 and 26th January 2022. Papers were charted across the effective practice and organization of care taxonomy of health system interventions and were narratively synthesized; an interactive map was produced. Results: Reduction of face‐to‐face care and usual provision had a huge impact on children and families. Adoption of telehealth provided continuity for the care and management of some conditions. There was limited evidence of changes to mental health services, transitions of care, social care, or child‐reported satisfaction or acceptability of service changes. Interpretation: The long‐term impacts of service change during the pandemic need full evaluation. However, widespread disruption seems to have had a profound impact on child and carer health and well‐being. Service recovery needs to be specific to the individual needs of children with a disability and their families. This should be done through coproduction to ensure that service changes meet needs and are accessible and equitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to illustrate how to promote physical activity among children and adolescents with disabilities using an exergame under the self-determination theory framework. A variety of features of exergames, including immersive environments, optimal challenges, and social interaction, may make physical activity more enjoyable and engaging for children and adolescents with disabilities. This article will briefly introduce different types of exergames, including virtual reality and augmented reality. Then, elaborate on how to promote physical activity in children and adolescents with developmental disabilities using the self-determination theory framework by providing choice-making, maximizing children and adolescents' strength, and creating opportunities for interaction with peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obuntu bulamu , a peer-to-peer support intervention for children, parents and teachers to improve the participation and inclusion of children with disabilities (CwD), was developed and tested in Uganda. The intervention consisted of disability-inclusive peer-to-peer training and support activities. In this article, parent participation in and evaluation of the intervention are discussed. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention. Methods: A qualitative Afrocentric intervention study was implemented in 10 schools in Wakiso district in Central Uganda. Researchers purposely selected CwD aged 8–14 years, their peers and parents from 10 primary schools with on average three CwD per school. A total of 64 study parents (33 parents of CwD and 31 peers) were interviewed at baseline and endline. Two focus group discussions were held with 14 parents at midline. Parents also participated in a consultative meeting about the intervention design at baseline and two evaluation and feedback workshops at midline and endline. Thematic data analysis was conducted. Results: Findings showed that parents found the intervention inspiring, acceptable, culturally appropriate and supportive, as it built on values and practices from their own cultural tradition. Parents reported that the intervention enhanced a sense of togetherness and belonging and helped them to develop more positive attitudes towards CwD and disability inclusion. They felt the intervention increased participation and inclusion of CwD at home, school and in communities. Conclusion: The Obuntu bulamu peer-to-peer support intervention is an acceptable, culturally appropriate intervention with the potential to improve inclusion of CwD. Further studies are recommended to measure the effectiveness of the intervention. Contribution: The paper contributes to existing evidence that there is need for more Afrocentric interventions, which built on cultural values and practices. Interventions based on indigenous values have a greater potential to be acceptable, can foster integration and are likely to be more sustainability to achieve disability inclusion. In the article we describe parental perspectives of the Obuntu bulamu intervention, an intervention to improve inclusion of children with disabilities, which was designed by children, parents, teachers, educationalists, and academics from Uganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vulnerability of children with disabilities to human rights abuses, including in health care, is well documented. Medical professionals can too often breach rather than fulfil the rights of children with disabilities, often through misunderstandings about the law, an inevitable consequence of, as identified by the United Nation's Committee for the Rights of the Child, medical professionals too often not receiving systematic and effective training in children's rights. This paper explores some key rights vital to the health and well-being of children with disabilities and shows how the guidance known as General Comments published by the United Nation's Committee on the Rights of the Child can assist medical professionals in ensuring the rights of children with disabilities in their care are fulfilled. It will also outline the human rights model of disability and explain how adopting this model in day-to-day practice, as required by international law, will empower medical professionals to help fulfil the human rights of children with disabilities. Suggestions are also made as to how training in human rights for medical professionals might be facilitated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. In the paper we tried to present a method of animal-assisted therapy for a group of 3-6 year old preschoolers. The preliminary methodological study aimed at the development of animal-assisted activities and, on the other hand, aspects of the activity, to exercise demonstrations. The aim is to present the advantages offered by dog-assisted therapy on the development of motor skills. Aims. We assume that through dog-assisted therapy we might obtain significant results from the point of view of general motor skills in children with disabilities. Methods. We studied research aimed at highlighting the influence of the therapy dog on children in training including recovery activities. We also drew inspiration from our own experience with therapy dog West. The sessions took place in a kindergarten group of 6 to 10 people. Results. Most research criteria were found to be easy to use and were able to monitor changes in children's behavior. The children uniformly showed improvements in behavior being more motivated towards the activity in the presence of the dog; attention also increased in the activities carried out in the presence of the dog. Conclusions. The studied research and personal observations are extremely promising. It would be worth testing and evaluating the effectiveness of therapy dogs on motor activities carried out by children. For this, the present study provides good foundations both in terms of thematics and the application of observational aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examined the role of the library in the improvement of inclusive education. Bringing to bear some stringent concepts; and ideas that the library management can imbibe, to improve the productivity of the special needs children. The paper also looked intently at the term special education, special needs education and also the benefits of special education. In this paper, the researcher tries to juxtapose the importance of considering the special needs learners, their information quest and needs. The researcher drew some conclusions and some recommendations were made at the end of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides various perspectives of scholars on inclusive education throughout its history and the role of an inclusive teacher in inclusive education schools with specific focus on children with disabilities that attend regular classes with their non-disabled peers. The paper is based on the literature review of various research papers and studies that were published by prominent and specialized scholars, institutions and relevant organizations in the field of inclusive education, with a focus on disabled children and their rights to have equal chances for education in regular schools with their peers. The paper further reflects teachers experience and perception on the inclusive education process and the challenges they face in this regard. Finally, the paper provides various views on what is expected by an inclusive teacher and what type of support and assistance they need to get from other educators and teachers specialized in education of children with disabilities in order to meet children's needs in the context. The paper also describes the importance of inclusive teacher's collaboration with the school management, children's parents and caregivers and other relevant specialists in order to understand the specific background of child's type of disability with the aim of adapting his teaching methodology, tools and materials as per child's specific needs for an individualized education planning if needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how Holy Cross missionaries in Bangladesh have interpreted the Catholic Church's teachings on social justice and inclusive education and have implemented its recommendations at Notre Dame College. The Catholic Church's documents on education provide direction, purpose, and rationale for Catholics across the globe. These documents advocate Catholic educators toward social justice in education by making education available, accessible, and affordable to all. This leads to the question of how Holy Cross adopts social justice and inclusive education at its elite educational institutions such as NDC, which charges high tuition and enrolls mostly urban meritorious students. The paper is based primarily on a combination of the examination of written documents and fieldwork involving interviews with Holy Cross personnel. The study reveals that the Catholic concept of social justice, social teachings and inclusive education are applied partially at NDC. As recommended by the Catholic Church, Holy Cross educators have taken different educational programs and social projects—both formal and non-formal—to serve the poor and underprivileged at Notre Dame College. However, as the admission policy of the college is based on the results of previous examinations, there is very little scope for the poor and underprivileged groups to get admitted to the college. Furthermore, the institution fails to include children with special educational needs because there are no special opportunities at the college for students with special educational needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Responsive, integrated and sustainable health systems require that communities take an active role in service design and delivery. Much of the current literature focuses on provider‐led initiatives to gain community input, raising concerns about power imbalances inherent in invited forms of participation. This paper provides an alternate view, exploring how, in a period following reforms, community actors forge network alliances to (re)gain legitimacy and capacities to coproduce health services with system providers. Methods: A longitudinal case study traced the network‐building efforts over 3 years of a working group formed by citizens and community actors working with seniors, minorities, recent immigrants, youth and people with disabilities. The group came together over concerns about reforms that impacted access to health services and the ability of community groups to mediate access for vulnerable community residents. Data were collected from observation of the group's meetings and activities, documents circulated within and by the group, and semi‐directed interviews. The first stage of analysis used social network mapping to reveal the network development achieved by the working group; a second traced network maturation, based on actor–network theory. Results: Network mapping revealed how the working group mobilized existing links and created new links with health system actors to explore access issues. Problematization appeared as an especially important stage in network development in the context of reforms that disrupted existing collaborative relationships and introduced new structures and processes. Conclusion: Network‐building strategies enable community actors to enhance their capacity for coproduction. A key contribution lies in the creation of 'organizational infrastructure'. Patient or Public Contribution: The lead researcher was embedded over 3 years in the activities of the community groups and community residents. Several group members provided comments on an initial draft of this paper. To preserve the anonymity of the group, their names do not appear in the acknowledgements section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Play is an important childhood occupation and a medium for development. Parents' attitudes towards play, knowledge about play and its benefits, and their experiences in facilitating effective play are key factors that determine the experiences of play in children. These factors related to parent's understanding and experiences of play gain additional significance when the child has a disability. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the available evidence on awareness, knowledge, and experience of play among parents and to summarise the findings. Method: MEDLINE, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Psychology Database, Sociological Abstracts, EMBASE, and Cochrane Collection Plus will be searched for studies of any design that investigate awareness, knowledge, and experience of play among parents and its benefits to child development. Manual searches from reference lists of relevant papers will also be completed. The primary outcomes are parents' knowledge (what constitutes play), experiences (what parents feel about play) and awareness (benefits of play) about play. Three independent reviewers will screen identified papers with pre-defined eligibility criteria and extract data using a customized extraction form. Discrepancies will be resolved in discussion with a fourth reviewer. A synthesis of eligible studies and summary will be provided. Discussion: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative research evidence of parents' awareness, knowledge, and experiences in play will be carried out. This will highlight parents' own views on play among their children, current theories/domains related to parents' awareness, knowledge, and experience in play, and outcome measures that have been used. In addition, comparison among views of parents of children with disabilities and parents of typically developing children will be made. The results will be presented as a summary of key findings under the themes of awareness, knowledge, and experience of parents in play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on the evolution of participation among individuals with special needs, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Down syndrome, in the practice of adapted judo is of growing significance. The practice of adapted Judo tailored to their specific needs can help them overcome challenges and improve their overall physical and mental well-being. The objectives of this study are centred on assessing the importance and outcomes of practicing adapted judo to promote increased integration capabilities. Our research starts from the premise that determining the effects of judo practice on the development of essential skills for social integration and endurance can bolster the integration capacities of people with disabilities. The research encompassed 41 coaches, methodologists, teachers, representatives from basic sports organizations (clubs, associations), and 14 athletes with special needs from the Down Bucharest association. Over a span of 8 months, these athletes actively participated in adapted judo training, attending a minimum of 2 sessions per week. The data collection process employed a variety of methods, including questionnaires, the Sargent test, determination of maximum oxygen consumption, and the plethysmographic method. The study seeks to facilitate the compilation, analysis, and interpretation of data to formulate an effective best practice strategy and methodology for the practice of adapted judo. The ultimate aim is to bridge the communication gap between decision-makers and practitioners, enhancing the overall approach to adapted judo practice. This paper underscores the significance of judo practice in fostering physical development among people with disabilities, particularly those with ASD and Down syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on a story of education, mothering, disability and madness, with two aims in mind: * To reveal and to reflect upon the ways in which (m)others of dis/abled children are labelled as, and are made to feel, mad in their encounters with the psy-professions (education, psychology and psychiatry). * To explore the potential of digital storytelling as a method of writing back against dominant oppressive narratives of education, mothering and disability. This paper is written by mothers of adult offspring with disabilities about our experiences of raising our children. We write about our experiences of making a film about being mothers. We explain that we have all been told by professionals that our beliefs about our children and what is best for them are mad--that is, they are unreasonable or not to be trusted. In the paper, we reject this view and argue that our voices should be listened to. We hope that this story telling process can reveal the ways in which discourses of madness are used to oppress (m)others of dis/abled children in encounters in education. We also hope that we can begin to build narratives of resistance so that madness no longer becomes the discourse of choice in encounters between (m)others and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positive developments in inclusion in line with 'Nothing about us without us' have rarely extended to people with profound intellectual disabilities. Advances in inclusive research are in danger of leaving this group (and their families and allies) on the outside, with researchers relying on proxies at best, or more often omitting this group as 'too difficult' to include in the research process at all. This paper argues that finding a way for people with profound intellectual disabilities to belong in inclusive research is important. Using examples, small stories and photographs, it explores and illustrates potential ways to research with and alongside those with profound intellectual disabilities that celebrate different kinds of agency and personhood and that support relational autonomy. The paper concludes that rather than starting from how inclusive research is currently conceived, the starting point should be a deep knowledge of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. The way forward is likely to be an inclusive research culture that can accommodate 'being with' as core to its research approach. This will enable the voices of people with profound intellectual disabilities to inform the research in creating intersubjective knowledge together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful inclusion of children with disabilities into general physical education (PE) depends in large part on the attitudes and competence of general PE teachers. Unfortunately, many PE teachers' undergraduate preparation is insufficient when it comes to including children with disabilities. In-service professional development can provide specific information about inclusion that can make up for the lack of training during undergraduate training. This paper presents a guide for the use of the Paralympic School Day (PSD) program, a disability awareness program targeting school-age children without disabilities, in the development of an in-service PE teacher training. It begins with a summary of PSD and contact theory, on which PSD is based. This is followed by specific information on the development of a PSD-focused in-service training that uses Paralympians and PSD activity stations to reduce prejudicial beliefs and help general PE teachers understand the importance of supporting students with disabilities in their programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To (1) compare the perceived benefit of long‐term mechanical insufflation‐exsufflation (MI‐E) of children with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) and central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including health care needs and treatment routines and (2) describe the children's health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Method: This cross‐sectional study used a questionnaire and memory card data to assess the perceived benefit of MI‐E via the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 10 maximum), willingness to pause treatment, level of health care needs before and after MI‐E initiation, and the children's treatment routines. A DISABKIDS questionnaire assessed HRQoL (100 maximum). Results: Seventy‐three children using MI‐E participated (42 males, median [interquartile range {IQR}] age 10 years 2 months [6 years 3 months–14 years 1 month]), 47 with NMDs (such as spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy) and 26 with CNS disorders (such as cerebral palsy, encephalitis, neurometabolic and other diseases). The median (IQR) VAS score for the perceived benefit of MI‐E therapy at stable state and respiratory tract infection were 9 (6–10) and 10 (8.5–10) respectively. Sixty‐two per cent were reluctant or unwilling to pause MI‐E therapy, with no NMD versus CNS disorder group difference. After MI‐E initiation, fewer physician consultations and hospitalizations were reported by the group with NMDs. The MI‐E routine was similar in both groups. The mean (SD) HRQoL score for 26 of 51 eligible children was 71 (16.7). Interpretation: MI‐E treatment was generally perceived as beneficial and performed equally in both diagnostic groups. HRQoL was in line with children with a moderate‐to‐severe chronic condition. What this paper adds: Mechanical insufflation‐exsufflation (MI‐E) was generally perceived as beneficial by the children and parents.The reported benefit of MI‐E was higher among daily than sporadic MI‐E users.The MI‐E treatment routine did not differ between diagnostic groups.The health‐related quality of life in this neuropaediatric population was in line with that of children with other moderate‐to‐severe chronic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To develop and validate the Visual Function Battery for Children with Special Needs (VFB‐CSN). Method: This was a scale development and validation study with (1) construct and item generation and (2) evaluations of interrater reliability, acceptability, and content, ecological, and convergent validities. Results: Children with special needs were recruited for the reliability (n = 32) and validity (n = 95) investigations. The construct and items were generated based on literature review and an expert panel. We constructed eight categories, namely visual reflex, ocular muscle balance, visual acuity, oculomotor, visual field, contrast sensitivity, colour/form vision, and visual attention. Both functional assessment and standardized tests were adopted. The reliabilities were high for the whole VFB‐CSN (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80–0.90) and good for the oculomotor, contrast sensitivity, and colour/form vision (ICC = 0.80–0.86, 95% CI = 0.50–0.93). Correlations between the VFB‐CSN and the Functional Vision Questionnaire were strong and acceptable for the contrast sensitivity, acuity, and colour/form vision (r = 0.79, r = 0.69, r = 0.69, r = 0.70 respectively). The correlation between the VFB‐CSN and standardized visual acuity test was acceptable (r = −0.72). Interpretation The VFB‐CSN is a reliable and valid multifaceted battery for children with special needs. Acceptable psychometric properties were also found for the acuity and contrast sensitivity. What this paper adds: The Visual Function Battery for Children with Special Needs (VFB‐CSN) can measure several types of visual function.The VFB‐CSN also measures varying degrees of visual impairment in children with special needs.The VFB‐CSN provides functional assessment and quantitative measurement for children with disability and difficulty in cooperating on standardized tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: The International Alliance of Academies of Childhood Disability created a COVID-19 Task Force with the goal of understanding the global impact of COVID-19 on children with disabilities and their families. The aim of this paper is to synthesize existing evidence describing the impact of COVID-19 on people with disabilities, derived from surveys conducted across the globe. METHODS: A descriptive environmental scan of surveys was conducted. From June to November 2020, a global call for surveys addressing the impact of COVID-19 on disability was launched. To identify gaps and overlaps, the content of the surveys was compared to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. RESULTS: Forty-nine surveys, involving information from more than 17,230 participants around the world were collected. Overall, surveys identified that COVID-19 has negatively impacted several areas of functioning - including mental health, and human rights of people with disabilities and their families worldwide. CONCLUSION: Globally, the surveys highlight that impact of COVID-19 on mental health of people with disabilities, caregivers, and professionals continues to be a major issue. Rapid dissemination of collected information is essential for ameliorating the impact of COVID-19 across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To review the evidence for the effects of adapted bicycle riding on body structures and functions, activity, participation, and quality of life outcomes in children with disabilities, along with family‐level participation outcomes. Method: A systematic review with searches of nine electronic databases to identify studies involving participants with a developmental disability aged 4 to 18 years who used a dynamic adapted bicycle was completed in August 2021. Risk of bias was assessed based on individual study designs. A narrative synthesis integrated the findings of the included studies. Certainty of evidence was synthesized using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: Ten studies were included with 234 participants. Five studies reported outcomes at the body structures and functions level, ten reported activity‐level outcomes, two reported participation‐related outcomes, and none assessed quality of life or family participation in social and recreational activities. Interpretation: Adapted bicycle riding interventions may improve gross motor function, enhance lower‐limb muscle strength, and promote physical activity; however, certainty of evidence of effects was rated very low using GRADE. Further research is required to understand the impact of adapted bicycle riding on the participation outcomes of children and adolescents with disabilities and on family‐level participation in social and recreational activities. What this paper adds: Adapted bicycle riding interventions may improve motor functions and physical activity.Evidence about participation outcomes after adapted bicycle riding is limited.Research on adapted bicycle riding interventions in natural settings is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clear evidence of overprescribing of psychotropic medicines to manage behaviours that challenges in people with intellectual disabilities has led to national programmes within the U.K. such as NHS England's STOMP to address this. The focus of the intervention in our review was deprescribing of psychotropic medicines in children and adults with intellectual disabilities. Mental health symptomatology and quality of life were main outcomes. Methods: We reviewed the evidence using databases Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL and Open Grey with an initial cut-off date of 22nd August 2020 and an update on 14th March 2022. The first reviewer (DA) extracted data using a bespoke form and appraised study quality using CASP and Murad tools. The second reviewer (CS) independently assessed a random 20% of papers. Results: Database searching identified 8675 records with 54 studies included in the final analysis. The narrative synthesis suggests that psychotropic medicines can sometimes be deprescribed. Positive and negative consequences were reported. Positive effects on behaviour, mental and physical health were associated with an interdisciplinary model. Conclusions: This is the first systematic review of the effects of deprescribing psychotropic medicines in people with intellectual disabilities which is not limited to antipsychotics. Main risks of bias were underpowered studies, poor recruitment processes, not accounting for other concurrent interventions and short follow up periods. Further research is needed to understand how to address the negative effects of deprescribing interventions. Trial registration: The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019158079) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children with neurodisability (ND) represent a significant population with a demonstrated need for coordinated support. Patient navigation has a primary focus on: facilitating access to and connection amongst fragmented systems; as well as the provision of educational and emotional support. Given the distinct needs of children with ND and their families, programs built upon such core concepts could be of great benefit. The diversity of terminology encompassing navigation-related concepts and activities (e.g., care coordination, case management, family support), however, presents challenges to both practice and research. This scoping review examined the terminology and descriptions provided within published articles on navigation-type models for children with ND and their families.Methods: The scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A preliminary search was completed on PubMed (NCBI), MEDLINE (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCO) to identify initial search terms, upon which a full search strategy was developed and executed in MEDLINE (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCO). After screening records according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, a full-text review of relevant articles was conducted and data extracted using a researcher-developed tool. Under close supervision by the research team, study selection was primarily performed by one author.Results: Of the 2597 papers identified, 33 were included in the final review. From the included papers, a total of 49 terms were extracted, 20 of which were unique. Across the diversity of terminology observed, articles provided detailed and rich descriptions characterized by four central domains, namely: (i) what navigation-related resources, supports and services aim to facilitate and (ii) provide; (iii) descriptions of their intended outcomes; as well as (iv) guiding principles.Conclusions: This scoping review addresses a gap in our knowledge related to the specification of patient navigation and related supports as applied to the specific context of children with ND and their families. Given the particular needs of this population, we propose an empirically-informed integrative model that synthesizes the findings from this scoping review. We suggest that this framework can be used as a guide to the mindful characterization of how supports aiming to connect children and families to needed service are termed and described within future research and in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare the participation attendance and involvement of children and young people with and without cerebral palsy (CP) in a low‐resource area of Uganda. Method: Eighty‐two children and young people with CP aged 6 to 22 years (49 males, 33 females) and 81 age‐ and sex‐matched peers without CP (6 to 22 years; 48 males, 33 females) participated in this population‐based, cross‐sectional study. Data on attendance and involvement in 20 home and community activities were obtained using Picture My Participation, an instrument intended to measure participation in children with disabilities, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Non‐parametric statistical methods were used to assess between‐group differences. Effect size estimates were calculated. Results: Pooled attendance across all activities was lower in children and young people with CP than in children and young people without CP (p < 0.001) and for each activity item (p = 0.004 to p < 0.001). The effect sizes for each activity were 0.2 to 0.7. Between‐group differences were larger for community activities than for home activities. Pooled involvement across all activities was less in the group with CP (p < 0.001) and for each activity (p = 0.014 to p < 0.001). The effect sizes for each activity were 0.2 to 0.5. Children and young people in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I and II had higher attendance (p < 0.001) and involvement (p = 0.023) than those in GMFCS levels III to V. Interpretation: Participation of young people living with CP in Uganda was restricted, especially for community activities. There is a need to identify context‐specific participation barriers and develop strategies to overcome them. What this paper adds: Children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP) attended all activities less than their peers without CP.Differences in attendance were larger for community‐based activities than home activities.When attending activities, children and young people with CP were less involved than their peers.Children and young people with milder impairments attended less frequently than their peers without CP.Children and young people with milder impairments attended more frequently than their peers with severe impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The late Black feminist scholar, bell hooks, suggested that the margin can be a place of radical possibility, where marginalized people nourish their capacity for collective resistance. On the margin, it is possible to generate a counter-language. In this paper, we chronicle, describe and reflect upon how bell hooks' ideas inspired the creation of a national 2-day conference titled, 'Listening to the Margins'. This conference was focused on understanding the intersectional experiences of childhood disability and race with a view to better supporting racialized disabled children, youth, and their families. This conference was needed because intersectional experiences of childhood disability and race have been silenced in childhood disability studies, critical race studies, and various other resistance-oriented systems of thought. Racialized children with disabilities and their families are often unsupported as they navigate Euro-centric healthcare systems. Reflecting on lessons learned from our conference, we suggest several strategies for advancing meaningful research programs with racialized disabled children. Strategies include centering the art of listening, amplifying the margin, engaging the arts to promote empathy, embracing psychosocial support in work on ableism and racism, developing clinical tools and practices that are grounded in lived patient experiences, and advancing decolonizing research that recognizes the role research has historically played in perpetuating colonial violence. In totality, this article unpacks how sitting on the margins, as bell hooks suggested, has allowed us to occupy a place of discomfort and creativity necessary to disrupt dominant discourses. In so doing, we have made space for the hidden narratives of racialized disabled children and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. In this paper we tried to present a method of animal-assisted therapy for a group of 3-6 year old preschoolers. The preliminary methodological study aimed at the development of animal-assisted activities and, on the other hand, aspects of the activity exercising demonstrations. The aim was to present the advantages offered by dog-assisted therapy in the development of motor skills. Aims. We assume that through dog-assisted therapy we can obtain significant results from the point of view of general motor skills in children with disabilities Methods. We studied research aimed at highlighting the influence of dog therapy on children in training and recovery activities. We also drew inspiration from our own experience with the therapy dog West. The sessions took place in a kindergarten group of 6 to 10 people. Results. Most research criteria were found to be easy to use and demonstrated the ability to monitor changes in children's behavior. The children uniformly showed improvements in behavior being more motivated towards the activity in the presence of the dog. Attention also increased in the activities carried out in the presence of the dog. Conclusions. The studied research and personal observations are extremely promising: it would be worth testing and evaluating the effectiveness of the therapy dog on the activities carried out by children. For this, the present study provides good foundations both in terms of thematics and the application of observational aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obuntu bulamu, a peer-to-peer support intervention for children, parents and teachers to improve the participation and inclusion of children with disabilities (CwD), was developed and tested in Uganda. The intervention consisted of disability-inclusive peer-to-peer training and support activities. In this article, parent participation in and evaluation of the intervention are discussed. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention. Methods: A qualitative Afrocentric intervention study was implemented in 10 schools in Wakiso district in Central Uganda. Researchers purposely selected CwD aged 8--14 years, their peers and parents from 10 primary schools with on average three CwD per school. A total of 64 study parents (33 parents of CwD and 31 peers) were interviewed at baseline and endline. Two focus group discussions were held with 14 parents at midline. Parents also participated in a consultative meeting about the intervention design at baseline and two evaluation and feedback workshops at midline and endline. Thematic data analysis was conducted. Results: Findings showed that parents found the intervention inspiring, acceptable, culturally appropriate and supportive, as it built on values and practices from their own cultural tradition. Parents reported that the intervention enhanced a sense of togetherness and belonging and helped them to develop more positive attitudes towards CwD and disability inclusion. They felt the intervention increased participation and inclusion of CwD at home, school and in communities. Conclusion: The Obuntu bulamu peer-to-peer support intervention is an acceptable, culturally appropriate intervention with the potential to improve inclusion of CwD. Further studies are recommended to measure the effectiveness of the intervention. Contribution: The paper contributes to existing evidence that there is need for more Afrocentric interventions, which built on cultural values and practices. Interventions based on indigenous values have a greater potential to be acceptable, can foster integration and are likely to be more sustainability to achieve disability inclusion. In the article we describe parental perspectives of the Obuntu bulamu intervention, an intervention to improve inclusion of children with disabilities, which was designed by children, parents, teachers, educationalists, and academics from Uganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on interviews with parents and coordinators, this paper explores the system for providing public service coordinators to parents with disabled children in Norway and how parents and coordinators understand and negotiate their roles in administering public services. Coordinators are service providers employed by municipalities to help families in need of long-lasting and comprehensive services. The findings reveal that parents carry an administrative burden, which involves learning about services, complying with rules and regulations, and managing psychological stress related to encounters with professionals. Coordinators vary in their interpretation of whether their role should go beyond providing information regarding services. Parents try to negotiate a higher degree of involvement from their coordinators, but coordinators often lack the necessary time and resources. The current state of the coordinator role may lead to inequalities and arbitrariness in the way families are supported while navigating welfare services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, the concern over bone health deterioration in children with neurological disabilities (ND) has caught the interest of the research community. As the current traditional exercise methods are considered too challenging for children with ND, it is essential to seek effective rehabilitation programs with minimum difficulties and movement restrictions for children with disabilities, ultimately improving their muscle and bone health. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the potential application of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) as a beneficial and effective approach to improving bone mineral density (BMD), total body bone mineral content (BMC), and lean mass in children with ND. The impact of WBVT on children with ND was investigated using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A database search was conducted to screen and select previous literature sources published from January 2002 to July 2022 from EBSCO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following the quality assessment (PEDro scale and NIH scale) and sensitivity analysis, the standardized mean difference (SMD) was conducted using the STATA 15.1 software with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022343789). Eight studies (four randomized controlled trial [RCT] and four non-RCT studies) were selected, which involved 184 male and 130 female participants. Based on the PEDro scale, all RCT studies were classified as high methodological quality, while the NIH scale rated all non-RCT papers as "Good". In addition, the meta-analysis results indicated that WBVT substantially enhanced femur BMD [(p<.01, z = 3.37), SMD (95% CI) = 0.47 (0.20, 0.74)], lumbar spine BMD [(p=.02, z = 2.32), SMD (95% CI) = 0.32 (0.05, 0.58)], total body BMC [(p<.01, z = 3.42), SMD (95% CI) = 0.29 (0.12, 0.46)] and lean mass [(p<.01, z = 2.80), SMD (95% CI) = 0.25 (0.07, 0.42)] of children with ND. However, the effect of WBVT was insignificant on the total body BMD of children with ND [(p=.22, z = 1.24), SMD (95% CI) = 0.14 (-0.08, 0.37)]. The meta-analysis demonstrated the significant effect of WBVT on the femur BMD, lumbar spine BMD, total body BMC, and lean mass in children with ND. Hence, WBVT can be suggested as a complementary treatment prescription for children with ND. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The late Black feminist scholar, bell hooks, suggested that the margin can be a place of radical possibility, where marginalized people nourish their capacity for collective resistance. On the margin, it is possible to generate a counter-language. In this paper, we chronicle, describe and reflect upon how bell hooks' ideas inspired the creation of a national 2-day conference titled, 'Listening to the Margins'. This conference was focused on understanding the intersectional experiences of childhood disability and race with a view to better supporting racialized disabled children, youth, and their families. This conference was needed because intersectional experiences of childhood disability and race have been silenced in childhood disability studies, critical race studies, and various other resistance-oriented systems of thought. Racialized children with disabilities and their families are often unsupported as they navigate Euro-centric healthcare systems. Reflecting on lessons learned from our conference, we suggest several strategies for advancing meaningful research programs with racialized disabled children. Strategies include centering the art of listening, amplifying the margin, engaging the arts to promote empathy, embracing psychosocial support in work on ableism and racism, developing clinical tools and practices that are grounded in lived patient experiences, and advancing decolonizing research that recognizes the role research has historically played in perpetuating colonial violence. In totality, this article unpacks how sitting on the margins, as bell hooks suggested, has allowed us to occupy a place of discomfort and creativity necessary to disrupt dominant discourses. In so doing, we have made space for the hidden narratives of racialized disabled children and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the peculiarities of the adaptive and rehabilitation processes of children with special educational needs. It was found that one of the most significant issues of rehabilitation work with children with special educational needs is to create the conditions for their integration into society. This stipulates the determination of the state of their adaptive and rehabilitation potential formation suggesting identification of social characteristics and social relations of the children with special educational needs; definition of the levels of their learning opportunities, skills and abilities development; elucidation of the peculiarities of intra-family relations in families bringing up children with special educational needs; research of rehabilitation processes features being passed by children with special educational needs. For studying the state of adaptive and rehabilitation potential formation in working with children with special educational needs, we have conducted a diagnostic study among children with special educational needs who receive rehabilitation services at the Shepetivka City Center for Social Rehabilitation of Disabled Children of Khmelnytskyi region. The parents of the children took part in the study as well. The results of the diagnosis revealed that the children with special educational needs are dominated by medium and low levels of formation of self-concept and comprehention of their relations with the social environment; they are characterized by medium and low levels of general mental development; children with special educational needs suffer hostility and conflict in their families, while their parents experience feelings of guilt, anxiety, and mental stress; the difficulties being faced by the children with special educational needs during the rehabilitation process are mainly related to their focusing on their own illness. In this regard, we have developed and substantiated the forms and methods for regulating the adaptive and rehabilitation processes in working with children with special educational needs, which, in our opinion, should be applied by specialists at the centers for the social rehabilitation of children with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare the effect of bilateral submandibular duct ligation and botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) on drooling severity and its impact on daily life and care in children and adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe drooling. Method: This was a randomized, interventional, controlled trial in which 53 children and adolescents (31 males, 22 females, mean age 11y, range 8–22y, SD 2y 10mo) with cerebral palsy (58.5%) or other non‐progressive developmental disorders (41.5%) were randomized to BoNT‐A (n=26) or bilateral submandibular duct ligation (n=27). A parent questionnaire on the severity of drooling in specific positions and daily activities and the impact of drooling on daily life and care was filled out at baseline and 8 and 32 weeks posttreatment. Results: Both BoNT‐A and bilateral submandibular duct ligation had a positive effect on daily care, damage to electronic equipment and/or furniture, social interactions, and self‐esteem. However, bilateral submandibular duct ligation had a significant greater and longer‐lasting short‐ (8wks) and medium‐term (32wks) effect on daily care, reducing damage to electronic devices, and improving social interactions and satisfaction with life in general. Interpretation: This randomized controlled trial confirms reduced drooling by both BoNT‐A and bilateral submandibular duct ligation, but provides new evidence on improved well‐being through a reduction in drooling. Even though there is a greater risk of complications and morbidity after bilateral submandibular duct ligation, compared to BoNT‐A there was a significantly greater and longer‐lasting positive effect on most outcomes. What this paper addsBilateral botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) and submandibular duct ligation had a positive effect on the well‐being of individuals with moderate‐to‐severe drooling.Bilateral submandibular duct ligation had a greater effect on the impact of drooling during daily care than BoNT‐A.Bilateral submandibular duct ligation reduced damage to electronic devices and improved social interactions and satisfaction with life. What this paper adds: Bilateral botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) and submandibular duct ligation had a positive effect on the well‐being of individuals with moderate‐to‐severe drooling.Bilateral submandibular duct ligation had a greater effect on the impact of drooling during daily care than BoNT‐A.Bilateral submandibular duct ligation reduced damage to electronic devices and improved social interactions and satisfaction with life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For students with disabilities, participation in recreational sports could provide opportunities for them to be physically active while practicing self-determination skills. Although research has linked self-determination to improved quality of life for individuals with disabilities, limited research exists exploring the intersection of recreational sports and self-determination. The purpose of this paper is to provide practical ways to improve self-determination through recreational sports for adolescent students with disabilities. This paper highlights how adults can support adolescents in developing self-determination skills through strategies such as (a) setting goals, (b) helping them develop an action plan, (c) self-monitoring their progress, (d) adjusting their goals, and (e) advocating for themselves. Examples are provided for each of these self-determination strategies, and additional self-determination resources are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the effect of repeated onabotulinum neurotoxin A injections for the treatment of drooling in children with neurodisabilities. Method: This was a retrospective cohort study, in which the first, second, and third onabotulinum neurotoxin A injection were compared within children treated between 2000 and 2020. Primary outcomes included drooling quotient, visual analogue scale (VAS), and treatment success defined as ≥50% reduction in drooling quotient and/or VAS 8 weeks after treatment. Each outcome was obtained at baseline and 8 weeks posttreatment. Results: Seventy‐seven children were included (mean age at first injection: 8y 3mo, SD 3y 7mo, range 3–17y; 44 males, 33 females; 51.9% with cerebral palsy, 45.5% wheelchair‐bound). The objective (drooling quotient) and subjective (VAS) effect after the second injection was lower compared to the first injection. The third injection showed less objective and significantly less subjective effect compared to the first injection. An overall success rate of 74.0%, 41.6%, and 45.8% were found for the first, second, and third injection respectively. Interpretation: Although onabotulinum neurotoxin A remained effective throughout the entire treatment course, there is less effect of subsequent onabotulinum neurotoxin A injections compared to the first. Although there might be a loss of effect after repeated injections, there is continued improvement for most children. What this paper addsRepeated injections show a diminished treatment effect after the second injection.A continued improvement is seen in most patients. What this paper adds: Repeated injections show a diminished treatment effect after the second injection.A continued improvement is seen in most patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 created havoc in schools across the world as it necessitated school closures and lockdowns, and/or a sudden switch to an online mode of learning. Although all children and teachers were adversely affected, children with disabilities faced additional problems. Special education teachers bore the burden of having to continue providing high quality special education in the face of these challenges. In this paper, I present findings from a survey of special education teachers through use of qualitative and arts-based research technics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SciAccess, Inc. is an international non-profit organisation dedicated to advancing disability inclusion and diversity in STEM education, outreach, and research. In this paper, the authors present an overview of accessible STEM programmes run by SciAccess, including an annual conference, an international working group, Zenith (a space science mentorship programme for blind youth), and Mission: AstroAccess (an initiative dedicated to making space exploration accessible for disabled astronauts). Recommendations for creating accessible mentorship programmes and networking events, both virtually and in-person, are detailed so that others may replicate these inclusion-focused efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs a qualitative case study to investigate the parenting experiences of multicultural families with disabled children in Korea. The topic at hand focuses specifically on mothers' experiences of raising a child with disability in a multicultural family. Participants chosen through purposive sampling method were recommended by the Korean multicultural support center. This study's five participants are married female immigrants who are raising elementary school-age children with disabilities and who have Korean communication skills. The qualitative case study approach seeks to elicit the participants' experiences of child nurturing. Their experiences were analyzed and categorized into two main categories: (1) hardships for mothers raising children with disabilities and (2) expectations of mothers raising children with disabilities. Such analyses lead us to understand the intricacies of motherhood for children with special needs in foreign countries. Lastly, the implications of this study aim to provide direction for effective and practical policies—including social welfare and educational support—that will meet the needs of multicultural families with disabled children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

French Français This contribution is based on research inscribed in the field of biographical research in education and focuses on school inclusion as a process located at the intersection between institutional prescriptions and the singular paths of the different actors it concerns. Centered on the case of a pupil educated in an ordinary environment presenting several "dys" disorders, memory disorders and a rapid cognitive overload, she relies in particular on interviews carried out with him and his mother. The analysis of his journey makes it possible to question the conditions, levers and environments favorable to his inclusion, to the development of a feeling of well-being and to the construction of a power to interact with his environment, inviting reflection, on the challenges of promoting the expertise of parents who accompany their disabled child on a daily basis and on those of the narrative models available to the latter to forge their own story. This paper is based on a research in the field of biographical research in education and is interested in school inclusion as a process at the intersection between institutional prescriptions and the individual life courses of the participants involved. It focuses on the case of a pupil in ordinary school, who suffers from several "dys" disorders, memory problems and rapid cognitive overload, and is based in particular on interviews with him and his mother. The analysis of his life course allows us to investigate the conditions, levers, and environments favorable to his inclusion, to the development of a feeling of well-being and to the construction of a capacity to interact with his environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loneliness and social isolation are subjective measures associated with the feeling of discomfort and distress. Various factors associated with the feeling of loneliness or social isolation are: the built environment, long-term illnesses, the presence of disabilities or health problems, etc. One of the most important aspect which could impact feelings of loneliness is mobility. In this paper, we present a machine-learning based approach to classify the user loneliness levels using their indoor and outdoor mobility patterns. User mobility data has been collected based on indoor and outdoor sensors carried on by volunteers frequenting an elderly nursing house in Tampere region, Finland. The data was collected using Pozyx sensor for indoor data and Pico minifinder sensor for outdoor data. Mobility patterns such as the distance traveled indoors and outdoors, indoor and outdoor estimated speed, and frequently visited clusters were the most relevant features for classifying the user's perceived loneliness levels.Three types of data used for classification task were indoor data, outdoor data and combined indoor-outdoor data. Indoor data consisted of indoor mobility data and statistical features from accelerometer data, outdoor data consisted of outdoor mobility data and other parameters such as speed recorded from sensors and course of a person whereas combined indoor-outdoor data had common mobility features from both indoor and outdoor data. We found that the machine-learning model based on XGBoost algorithm achieved the highest performance with accuracy between 90 % and 98 % for indoor, outdoor, and combined indoor-outdoor data. We also found that Lubben-scale based labelling of perceived loneliness works better for both indoor and outdoor data, whereas UCLA scale-based labelling works better with combined indoor-outdoor data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While studies on English as a foreign language (EFL) students' identity construction and classroom participation in English language learning have been widely explored, there is a paucity of research addressing how EFL students with physical disabilities develop their identities within classroom participation. To fill this lacuna, the present narrative study looks into how an Indonesian female English student with a physical disability developed her identity through classroom participation and how her identity changed over time. The data were garnered through in-depth interviews and analyzed following Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis. The present study revealed that the participant negotiated her identity gradually in a complex classroom atmosphere through multiple stages: the orientation, the rising state, the shock, the adjustment, and identity development. In addition, the study also portrayed that the participant enacted continued and sustained identity changes for her self-survival amid imperfection into the escalation of competence geared from her site of struggle in the community of practice. Implications from the study's findings are discussed at the end of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contribution: This study uncovered specific benefits, challenges, and facilitators to participating in undergraduate research for physically disabled students (PDSs) taken directly from students themselves. Background: Disabled students (DSs) earn bachelor’s degrees and gain employment in STEM careers at rates lower than their peers. The paradigm shift in undergraduate STEM education from lecture-based to inquiry-based learning is an opportunity to explore new options for including DSs. Little is known about designing inquiry-based learning settings for DSs. Research Question: This article seeks to increase the understanding of how to support PDSs in inquiry-based settings. Specifically, the authors documented the experiences of PDS in a summer undergraduate research program to uncover: 1) benefits they receive from participating; 2) specific challenges these students face; and 3) novel ways to facilitate participation. Methodology: The authors conducted semistructured interviews of five undergraduate PDS, who participated in a summer research program. The paper reports representative student responses across themes related to benefits, challenges, and facilitators of success in the program. Findings: The students enjoyed many benefits typically gained from undergraduate research, most notably career clarification. Additionally, the students experienced personal growth, including improved self-advocacy, increased confidence in their independence, and greater understanding of limitations. The main facilitator was the positive attitudes of research mentors. A principal challenge was the lack of knowledge about disability in peers without disabilities who participated in the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Whilst there are studies that have systematically reviewed the psychometric properties of quality of life measures for children and young people with intellectual disabilities, these narrowly focus on disease or health conditions. The objective of this planned systematic review is therefore to collate, summarise, and critically appraise the psychometric properties of self-report health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and subjective wellbeing measures used by adolescents (aged 11–16) with an intellectual disability. Methods: We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review of studies which explores the psychometric properties of self-report HRQoL and subjective wellbeing measures used by adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Electronic databases including PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and ERIC will be searched using predefined search terms to identify relevant studies. Quantitative and mixed-methods studies, and studies published in peer-reviewed journals or grey literature, will be included. Review papers, editorials, and case studies will be excluded. Eligible studies should identify self-report measures which assess HRQoL and subjective wellbeing among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed by applying the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. The quality of the evidence (i.e. the total body of evidence used for the overall ratings on each psychometric property of an instrument) will be evaluated in accordance with the modified GRADE guidelines. Discussion: This systematic review will be among the first to systematically explore the psychometric properties of self-report HRQoL and subjective wellbeing measures used by adolescents with intellectual disabilities. By providing evidence-based knowledge about measures being used in HRQoL and subjective wellbeing research amongst this population, and more importantly how reliable and valid these measures are, the most suitable for use will be identified. Our findings will be of potential interest to clinicians, researchers, and service providers who need information about the methodological quality and the characteristics of measures to make informed decisions about the most reliable and valid tool for a specific purpose. The findings from this study will contribute to the knowledge surrounding available and appropriate measures to use for measuring HRQoL and subjective wellbeing of adolescents with intellectual disabilities, which are necessary to inform intervention development and future health policy. Systematic review registration: The protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). The registration number is CRD42021231697. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To aim of the paper was to describe the neurological features of the physical examination in patients with Hansen's disease who were treated in Bogotá, Colombia. We carried out a descriptive study of all patients with a Hansen's disease diagnosis treated at a referral center between 2003-2018. There were 327 eligible electronic health records (EHRs) with a final sample of 282 subjects. Leprosy was most common in males (57.45%), median age at the diagnosis was 54 years, and lesions of the lower limbs were more common (75.1%). The median time from disease onset to consult was 12 months. Most of them were classified as having lepromatous leprosy (39.7%). Pain over the median nerve trunk was the most common manifestation of disease (28%), followed by pain over the radial trunk (22%). Sensitive alterations were more common than motor ones. Specifically, the posterior tibial nerve was affected in nearly half of subjects. Dual impairment was more common in the ulnar nerve (13.8%). Some disability was apparent in 23.8% of subjects; predominantly grade 1 disability. Findings regarding age, leprosy type, and the frequency of individual nerve compromise were consistent with reports from other countries. Nerve trunk thickening was infrequent, which might be a consequence of subjectiveness in the examination and sample differences in sex distribution, degree of disability and time since disease onset. The frequency of morbidity and disability found in this sample, though low when compared with other series, fails to meet public health goals, including those limiting disability in younger subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development commits to ending hunger and achieving food security for all. However, little is known about the food access experiences of older adults in Ghana. This paper explores if there are barriers to accessing food and if there are, what strategies have been adopted to negotiate these barriers. Through purposive sampling, a total of 123 older adults were recruited in Ghana to participate in sharing circles (n = 10) and semi‐structured interviews (n = 42). Data analyses were done in NVivo using a thematic analytical approach. Functional impairment and poor health, poverty, inadequate social support, lack of control over household resources, policy neglect, low crop yields, and sociocultural values were found to hinder older people's access to food. They navigate these barriers by rationing meals, engaging in income‐earning activities, seeking support from social networks, and begging. Our findings contribute to discourses on food security and highlight the need for a multilevel, comprehensive approach that targets both the individual and the broader human environment in addressing the food needs of older people. Key Messages: The barriers to accessing food and strategies adopted by older adults in Ghana are distinct but interconnected and are produced by both individual and structural factors.An ecological systems theory offers a useful perspective for understanding the food access experiences of older adults in low‐income contexts.Addressing the food needs of older people will require a multilevel, comprehensive approach that targets the individual and broader human environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our paper is to demonstrate a middle-aged male (KK61) from the 8th-century-CE cemetery of Kiskundorozsma–Kettőshatár I (Duna-Tisza Interfluve, Hungary), who appears to represent the lepromatous form of Hansen's disease. Leprosy has affected not only the rhinomaxillary region of his face but also his lower limbs, with severe deformation and disfigurement of the involved anatomical areas (saddle-nose and flat-foot deformity, respectively). Consequently, he would have experienced disability in performing the basic activities of daily living, such as eating, drinking, standing or walking; and thus, he would have required regular and substantial care from others to survive. Despite his very visible disease and associated debility, it seems that KK61 was accepted as a member of the community in death, since he has been buried within the cemetery boundaries, among others from his community. In addition, his grave has conformed to the mortuary practices characteristic of the Kiskundorozsma–Kettőshatár I cemetery (e.g., burial orientation, position of the body in the grave, and type and quantity of accompanying grave goods). Although distinction or segregation in life do not preclude normative treatment in death, the long-lasting survival of KK61 with Hansen's disease implies that he would not have been abandoned but cared for by others. KK61 is one of the few published historic cases with leprosy from the Avar Age of the Hungarian Duna-Tisza Interfluve. His case gives us a unique insight into the biological consequences of living with Hansen's disease and illustrates the social attitude toward leprosy sufferers in early mediaeval Hungary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With global aging, the number of elderly with physical disabilities is also increasing. Compared with the ordinary elderly, the elderly who lose their independence are more likely to have the symptoms of depression. Reducing depression may help to alleviate the disability process of those who find themselves in the disabled stages. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the predictive effects of demographic characteristics, health behavior, health status, family relations, social relations, and subjective attitude on depression in rural and urban disabled elderly to improve early depression symptom recognition. A total of 1460 older adults aged 60 and disabled were selected from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Depression was assessed according to The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). This paper used the random forest classifier to predict the depression of the disabled elderly from six aspects: demographic characteristics, health status, health behavior, family relationship, and social relationship. The prediction model was established based on 70% of the training set and 30% of the test set. The depression rate of rural disabled elderly was 57.67%, and that of urban disabled elderly was 44.59%. The mean values of the 10-k cross-validated results were 0.71 in rural areas and 0.70 in urban areas. AUC:0.71, specificity: 65.3%, sensitivity: 80.6% for rural disabled elderly with depression; AUC:0.78, specificity: 78.1%, sensitivity: 64.2% for urban disabled elderly with depression, respectively. There are apparent differences in the top ten predictors between rural and urban disabled elderly. The common predictors were self-rated health, changing in perceived health, disease or accidence experience within the past 2 weeks, life satisfaction, trusting people, BMI, and having trust in the future. Non-common predictors were chronic diseases, neighborly relations, total medical expenses within 1 year, community emotion, sleep duration, and family per capita income. Using random forest data to predict the depression of the disabled elderly may lead to early detection of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical and empirical studies of the cultural evolution in technology have often focused on positive observational learning, i.e., copying a successful individual. However, negative observational learning, i.e., avoiding negative or bad exemplar behavior, is ubiquitous in humans and other animals. In this paper, we experimentally investigate whether observing negative examples can assist in tool making in the virtual arrowhead task, which has been widely applied to test the theory of cultural evolution in the technological domain. We set three conditions that differ in the kinds of social learning available to participants: (1) positive observational learning, (2) negative observational learning, and (3) pure asocial learning. The results of the positive observational and pure asocial learning conditions replicated previous studies; i.e., participants in the positive observational learning condition outperformed those in the asocial learning condition. In contrast, opportunities to observe negative examples did not increase the performance compared to pure asocial learning. Computer simulations in the same setting showed that the presence of negative exemplars is in theory beneficial to participants, providing additional pieces of information on the relationship between arrowhead designs and their performance scores. These findings together suggest that negative observational learning might play only a limited role in the cultural evolution of technologies possibly due to a cognitive bias in humans toward copying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite advancements to theory and practice, children's rehabilitation is dominated by taken-for-granted assumptions about disability and childhood. In order to address a pressing need for scholarship in this area, this paper draws on post-structuralism, critical disability studies, and disabled children's childhood studies to interrogate the underlying logics and central assumptions of eight North American children's rehabilitation textbooks. Using discourse analysis, we highlight how the discourse of normal/abnormal is pervasive and underpins the understandings and logics deployed throughout the texts. We argue that the texts construct disabled children as abnormal-becoming-normal, and thus reinforce a moral imperative whereby disabled children are understood as requiring motivation and self-efficacy to lead a 'good'/normal life. In drawing on these reductive understandings, children's rehabilitation relies on a disempowering conception of disabled children as lacking, and thus fails to acknowledge and appreciate the many ways in which disabled children can be and become. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most common complaints during pregnancy, which could cause performance disability. Kinesio tape is a drug-free elastic therapeutic cotton tape used in treating musculoskeletal problems. This study aims to determine the effects of Kinesio tape on LBP and disability in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 pregnant women with LBP who were referred to the comprehensive health service centers were randomly assigned into the two groups of Kinesio tape and adhesive tape. Pain intensity was determined by the visual analog scale before and on the 1st, 2nd, 7th, and 14th day after the intervention and the disability by Roland-Morris disability questionnaire before and on the 7th and 14th day after the intervention. Data analysis was performed by, Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, Friedman, and Wilcoxon tests. Results: The intensity of pain decreased in both groups compared to the pre-intervention period; Kinesio (χ2 = 48.94, df = 4, p < 0.001) control (χ2 = 22.94, df = 4, p < 0.001); however, the comparison results of pain intensity were not different in the two groups at different times (p ≥ 0.05). The effects of time was significant (Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, F1,83 = 10.63, p < 0.001), but the effects of time and group were not significant (F1,83 = 0.31, p = 0.722) and indicated a decreasing trend of functional disability in two groups. Conclusions: The Kinesio tape reduced the disability caused by LBP during pregnancy and had a lasting effect after the tape was removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that is frequently diagnosed in children and adolescents. In pediatric OCD, family plays an important role in the development and maintenance of the disease. In this relationship, both genetic and behavioral factors, such as parental modeling and family accommodation, are significant. Parental modeling concerns the daily enactment of dysfunctional behavioral patterns by a parent with OCD, which may influence children. Family accommodation, in contrast, describes the direct participation of parents in their child's compulsive rituals, by modifying daily routines or by facilitating avoidance of OCD triggers, to decrease the child's distress and time spent executing compulsions. Approximately 80–90% of the relatives of OCD patients actively participate in patients' rituals. The literature demonstrates that a high level of family accommodation is associated with OCD symptom severity, reduced response to cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT), and a higher risk of therapy dropout. Despite this, no studies have aimed at delineating practical guidance for psychotherapists to support parents in reducing family accommodation. The main aim of this paper is to propose a psychoeducation intervention focused on cognitive-behavioral strategies to help families to manage their child's OCD behaviors without enacting dysfunctional family accommodation behaviors in order to support their child's successful therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often puts a child in a vulnerable position. While the research of the effects of trauma on children diagnosed with ASD is limited, we know children diagnosed with ASD presenting with a comorbid diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. TF-CBT is an empirically validated treatment for trauma; in this paper, we provide adaptions for using this treatment with children diagnosed with ASD and using this method for teletherapy. These adaptions include recognizing trauma behaviors and ASD behaviors, the use of repetition and the need for flexibility from the therapist, and addressing safety with ASD behaviors while working from a teletherapy platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]