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This perspective paper explores the choice of psychotherapy for psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy for treatment‐resistant depression. There is evidence to support the use of some psychotherapies in treating 'treatment‐resistant' depression, and emerging evidence for the efficacy of psilocybin. The next step which is the focus of this paper is to identify psychotherapies that are both effective and congruent with the psilocybin experience. The evidence for the efficacy of the psychotherapies is drawn from a Cochrane review and the analysis of their congruence with the psilocybin experience is drawn from a qualitative meta‐synthesis of the experience of psilocybin. The paper will examine whether three one‐to‐one psychotherapies identified as effective in the treatment of treatment‐resistant depression are compatible with the psilocybin experience. Each psychotherapy will be examined in relation to its congruence with the qualitative evidence that suggests the choice of psychotherapy needs to give priority to the subjective experience, facilitate emotional processing, support connectedness with others, acceptance of the self as emotional and support change based on the person's insights into their relationships with others and the world in which they live. We conclude that interpersonal psychotherapy and intensive short‐term dynamic psychotherapy align with that experience, although others are currently being trialled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the phenomenon of grief, when you lose a loved one, has been the subject of exploration and discussion among researchers. Because of this, prolonged grief is now recognized as a possible mental disorder as the latest version of the diagnosis manual; 'International Classification of Diseases' (ICD‐11) being published in 2018 is featuring a new diagnosis called 'prolonged grief disorder'. The commencement of this new disorder indicates a shift in the way grief is being articulated why the notion of rupture from the French philosopher Michel Foucault is applied as a philosophical approach in this paper. A Foucault‐inspired discourse analysis has been prepared and by considering the issue historically and tracing how the concept of grief has been articulated in different time periods throughout history, the aim is to map out the discursive transformation that has taken place and to gain insight into how the societal context has supported and enabled this transformation. This paper takes a historical look back from the 1800s to present and identifies when changes can be observed in the way grief is being articulated. These changes or ruptures are identified in the work of Søren Aabye Kierkegaard, Sigmund Freud and Margaret Stroebe & Henk Schut who all must be assumed to have contributed significantly to how grief is perceived in various historical time periods. The discourse analysis identifies how prominent thinkers have articulated grief in each period and how today's perception of grief, as a possible mental disorder, both relates to these prominent thinkers but also reflects dominant societal values and ideologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Research has shown that preventative intervention in individuals at ultra‐high risk of psychosis (UHR) improves symptomatic and functional outcomes. The staged treatment in early psychosis (STEP) trial aims to determine the most effective type, timing and sequence of interventions in the UHR population by sequentially studying the effectiveness of (1) support and problem solving, (2) cognitive‐behavioural case management and (3) antidepressant medication with an embedded fast‐fail option of (4) omega‐3 fatty acids or low‐dose antipsychotic medication. This paper presents the recruitment flow and baseline clinical characteristics of the sample. Methods: STEP is a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial. We present the baseline demographics, clinical characteristics and acceptability and feasibility of this treatment approach as indicated by the flow of participants from first contact up until enrolment into the trial. Recruitment took place between April 2016 and January 2019. Results: Of 1343, help‐seeking young people who were considered for participation, 402 participants were not eligible and 599 declined/disengaged, resulting in a total of 342 participants enrolled in the study. The most common reason for exclusion was an active prescription of antidepressant medication. Eighty‐five percent of the enrolled sample had a non‐psychotic DSM‐5 diagnosis and symptomatic/functional measures showed a moderate level of clinical severity and functional impairment. Discussion: The present study demonstrates the acceptability and participant's general positive appraisal of sequential treatment. It also shows, in line with other trials in UHR individuals, a significant level of psychiatric morbidity and impairment, demonstrating the clear need for care in this group and that treatment is appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione is a significant class of N‐fused heterocyclic with a wide range of biological functions, including anti‐HIV, anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antimutagenic, anticoccidial, anticonvulsant, anti‐inflammatory, antidepressant, antimalarial, antioxidant, antileukemic, and antileishmanial activities, and other activities, and has attracted great attention in organic and medicinal chemistry. As a result, all chemists and pharmaceutical chemists must be aware of many methods to make quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione. This review paper focuses on various methods for producing quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones, such as green methods and homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts from various precursors under varied conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is a common mental disorder that may lead to major mental health problems, and antidepressant drugs have been used as a treatment of choice to mitigate symptoms of major depressive disorders by ameliorating the chemical imbalances of neurotransmitters in brain. Since abusing antidepressant drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressant drugs can cause severe adverse effects, continuous toxicological monitoring of the parent compounds as well as their metabolites using numerous analytical methods appears pertinent. Among them, capillary electrophoresis has been popularly utilized since the method has a lot of advantages viz. using small amounts of sample and solvents, ease of operation, and rapid analysis. This review paper brings a survey of more than 30 papers on capillary electrophoresis of antidepressant drugs published approximately from 1999 until 2018. It focuses on the reported capillary electrophoresis techniques and their applications and challenges for determining antidepressant drugs and their metabolites. It is organized according to the commonly used capillary zone electrophoresis method, followed by non‐aqueous capillary electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography, with details on breakthrough findings. Where available, information is given about the background electrolyte used, detector utilized, and sensitivity obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, eco‐friendly, accurate and inexpensive pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was utilized for the quantitative determination of Vilazodone hydrochloride (VLZ) by Square wave voltammetric (SWV) method. Optimum electrochemical performance of the electrode was achieved by optimizing the pH of the measuring solution, the rate of potential scan and the time of accumulation onto the electrode surface. The SWV showed linearity over the concentration range of 9.99×10−9 to 9.78×10−7 M, with LOD of 6.4×10−9 M. This method was applied to evaluate VLZ in pharmaceutical preparation and spiked plasma with %recovery± RSD of 99.99±0.41 and 99.40±1.36, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context In patients with cancer, pain is one of the most feared and burdensome symptoms. Adjuvant analgesics are an important cornerstone on which treatment of pain in patients with cancer is based. Objectives To update our guidelines for the treatment of pain in patients with cancer, we performed a systematic review on the use of adjuvant analgesics in pain in cancer. Methods A systematic search of the literature was performed searching for articles that studied the effect of (1) antidepressants, (2) anti-epileptics, (3) N-methyl- d-aspartate ( NMDA) receptor antagonists, and (4) other adjuvant analgesics in patients with cancer pain and described their effects on pain intensity and/or side effects. Results Based on the keywords and after reading the full papers, we could include 12 papers on anticonvulsants, 10 papers on antidepressants, four on NMDA receptor antagonists, and 10 papers on other adjuvant analgesics. The methodological quality of the included papers was graded as low to very low. Overall, there was a low quality of evidence that gabapentin, pregabalin, amitriptyline, and venlafaxine were effective in reducing pain intensity in patients with cancer pain. There was insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of lamotrigine, levetiracetam, NMDA antagonists, cannabinoids, corticosteroids, and local anesthetics on reducing pain intensity in patients with cancer pain. Conclusion The quality of currently available evidence on the effectiveness of adjuvant analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain is low. The treatment of pain associated with cancer should be tailored to the patient's personal preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal chemistry is a science applied to the search and discovery of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases. Therefore, promising structures have been identified; one of these structures is the piperazine moiety, a cyclic molecule containing two nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 4 as well as four carbon atoms. Many piperazine derivatives have central pharmacological activity that mainly involves the activation of the monoamine pathway. Thus, piperazine derivatives have been the subject of research for many central therapeutic applications, including antipsychotic, antidepressant and anxiolytic applications. Benzylpiperazine is the prototype of piperazine derivatives; this substance is the main component of recreational drugs, partly due to its stimulant and euphoric effects. This paper describes some piperazine derivatives used therapeutically as antipsychotic (clozapine), antidepressant (vortioxetine) and anxiolytic (buspirone) drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes current non‐antibody pharmacologic approaches to the prevention of migraine in adults. Preventive therapy should be considered for patients with migraine who routinely have more than 6 headache days per month or in other special circumstances. Choices for preventive therapy are based on patient preferences about side effects and evidence of efficacy. The evidence level and commonly used doses for selected categories of migraine preventive medication are reviewed, including antiepileptic drugs, antihypertensive drugs, and antidepressants. Propranolol, timolol, topiramate, and divalproex sodium are approved for migraine prevention by the US FDA. OnabotulinumtoxinA is approved for prevention of chronic migraine. Several off‐label drugs, especially lisinopril, candesartan, and amitriptyline also have good evidence of benefit. The spectrum of response to preventive therapy varies; in general, complete cessation of headaches is uncommon, although there are "super‐responders" to every therapy, as illustrated by patient reports of dramatic responses to treatment. Preventive treatment should be started at a low dose and doses increased slowly until therapeutic benefit is achieved or side effects preclude continued use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A paper considering the role of antidepressants for adults with major depression was recently published in the Lancet, a world leading medical journal (Cipriani et al. 2018). The review was the largest ever on this topic based on 28,552 citations including 522 trials comprising 116,477 participants. The authors note that, in adults with major depression, all antidepressants were more efficacious than placebo. In head‐to‐head studies, the authors also note that agomelatine, amitriptyline, escitalopram, mirtazapine, paroxetine, venlafaxine, and vortioxetine were more effective than other antidepressants whereas fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, reboxetine, and trazodone were the least efficacious. The authors report that the standardised mean difference was 0.3 a moderate effect size for any antidepressant over placebo, this is confirmatory of past reviews noting rather similar magnitudes of effect. In clinical terms the results suggest a choice for practitioners in regard to their individual patients. For many adult depressed patients however, there is also the implication that antidepressants may not work. The old adage ‘what works for whom’ remains unanswered. What does seem reasonable to conclude is that we have learnt that these medications are clinically effective and the questions for research now must be who is likely to benefit and who is not, how do these medicines work, and what is the best long‐term management of responders as the majority of studies have focused on acute response only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Figures from the Editors selected issue highlights will be displayed each month in the journal image carousel on the BJCP homepage http://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2125/. Treatment regimens for tuberculosis are lengthy and require a high number of combination drugs and unfortunately antitubercular drug development to date has not been very successful. In their paper, Morris Muliaditan M. and Oscar della Pasqua (London, UK), showed that drug-disease modelling may provide rationale for dose selection and companion drugs to treat tuberculosis. [Extracted from the article]

Background People with intellectual disabilities have very high rates of mental ill health. Standard psychosocial interventions designed for the general population may not be accessible for people with mild intellectual disabilities, and drug usage tends to be modified - 'start low and go slow'. This systematic review aims to synthesise the evidence on psychological, pharmacological and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) interventions for adults with mild intellectual disabilities and mental ill health. Method PRISMA guidelines were followed. Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched, as was grey literature and reference lists of selected papers. Papers were selected based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A proportion of papers were double reviewed. Data was extracted using a structured table. Study registration: PROSPERO 2015:CRD42015015218. Results Initially, 18 949 records were identified. Sixteen studies were finally selected for inclusion; seven on psychological therapies, two on group exercise, five on antipsychotics and two on antidepressants. They do not provide definitive evidence for effectiveness of psychosocial interventions, nor address whether starting low and going slow is wise, or causes sub-optimum therapy. Conclusions There are few evidence-based interventions for people with mild intellectual disabilities and mental ill-health; existing literature is limited in quantity and quality. Group cognitive-behavioural therapies have some supporting evidence - however, further randomised control trials are required, with longer-term follow-up, and larger sample sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Previous research indicates that preventive intervention is likely to benefit patients “at risk” of psychosis, in terms of functional improvement, symptom reduction and delay or prevention of onset of threshold psychotic disorder. The primary aim of the current study is to test outcomes of ultra high risk (UHR) patients, primarily functional outcome, in response to a sequential intervention strategy consisting of support and problem solving (SPS), cognitive‐behavioural case management and antidepressant medication. A secondary aim is to test biological and psychological variables that moderate and mediate response to this sequential treatment strategy. Methods: This is a sequential multiple assignment randomised trial (SMART) consisting of three steps: Step 1: SPS (1.5 months); Step 2: SPS vs Cognitive Behavioural Case Management (4.5 months); Step 3: Cognitive Behavioural Case Management + Antidepressant Medication vs Cognitive Behavioural Case Management + Placebo (6 months). The intervention is of 12 months duration in total and participants will be followed up at 18 months and 24 months post baseline. Conclusion: This paper reports on the rationale and protocol of the Staged Treatment in Early Psychosis (STEP) study. With a large sample of 500 UHR participants this study will investigate the most effective type and sequence of treatments for improving functioning and reducing the risk of developing psychotic disorder in this clinical population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this paper is to clarify the inconsistent findings in the association between antidepressant use and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods: This study is a meta‐analysis of observational studies retrieved from the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases prior to August 15, 2017. Two researchers independently screened studies and extracted study characteristics and risk estimates. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of EOC risk were summarized using an inverse variance weighted random‐effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed with the I2 statistic. Results: Eight case–control studies involving 7878 EOC cases and 73 913 controls were identified. Compared with non‐use, use of antidepressants was not significantly associated with EOC risk (summarized OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.91–1.32, I2 = 74.4%). Similar null results were also observed in the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.80–1.35), tricyclic antidepressants (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.79–1.30), and other antidepressant drugs (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.74–1.12). Subgroup analyses of study characteristics, stratified by the type of control subjects, geographic location, exposure assessment, number of cases, and adjustment for potential confounders, showed that the ORs were broadly consistent across strata. The OR per 1 year‐increment of duration was 0.99 (95% CI = 0.94–1.05, I2 = 40.0%, P = 0.154). Additionally, the OR for the greatest intensity of antidepressant use compared with never use was 0.82 (95% CI = 0.70–0.98, I2 = 0%, P = 0.489). Furthermore, no evidence of publication bias was detected through Funnel plots as well as Egger's and Begg's tests. Conclusions: There is no association between antidepressant use and EOC risk. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite advances in clinical trial design, failure rates near 80% in phase 2 and 50% in phase 3 have recently been reported. The challenges to successful drug development are particularly acute in central nervous system trials such as for pain, schizophrenia, mania, and depression because high‐placebo response rates lessen assay sensitivity, diminish estimated treatment effect sizes, and thereby decrease statistical power. This paper addresses the importance of rigorous patient selection in major depressive disorder trials through an enhanced enrichment paradigm. This approach led to a redefinition of an ongoing, blinded phase 3 trial algorithm for patient inclusion (1) to eliminate further randomization of transient placebo responders and (2) to exclude previously randomized transient responders from the primary analysis of the double blind phase of the trial. It is illustrated for a case study for the comparison between brexpiprazole + antidepressant therapy and placebo + antidepressant therapy. Analysis of the primary endpoint showed that efficacy of brexpiprazole versus placebo could not be established statistically if the original algorithm for identification of placebo responders was used, but the enhanced enrichment approach did statistically demonstrate efficacy. Additionally, the enhanced enrichment approach identified a target population with a clinically meaningful treatment effect. Through its successful identification of a target population, the innovative enhanced enrichment approach enabled the demonstration of a positive treatment effect in a very challenging area of depression research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a comprehensive study of the mixed micellization and adsorption behavior of mixed systems enclosing an amphiphilic antidepressant drug nortriptyline hydrochloride (NOT) and Triton X-114 (TX-114) (nonionic surfactant) in aqueous/urea (500 mmol·kg−1 and 1000 mmol·kg−1) solutions by tensiometric method. The NOT is used for the cure of depression. For comparison purpose cmc value of pure drug NOT was also evaluated by conductimetric technique. Different theoretical models like Clint, Rubingh, and Rosen were used to get information about the nature of interaction between the components in bulk and at the interface. Because of the occurrence of urea increase in the surface charge of the micelles was obtained resulting a delay of the micelles formation. The cmc values of the mixed systems of NOT and TX-114 were found to be in between the cmc values of pure components, which signify nonideal mixed system having attractive interactions in the absence and presence of urea. Various parameters such as micellar mole fractions of TX-114 ( X1m, X1σ) in solution and at interface, interaction parameter ( βm/ βσ) in solution and at interface, and activity coefficient in solution and at interface were evaluated and discussed using Rubingh's and Rosen's models. Surface excess ( Γmax) increases that means minimum area per head group ( Amin) decreases as mole fraction ( α1) of TX-114 increases in the absence/presence of urea. Different thermodynamic parameters have been calculated and discussed. The ∆ G0m values achieved are all negative both in the absence and occurrence of urea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective We aimed to explore whether the prevalence of manic switch was underestimated in randomized controlled trials ( RCTs) compared to observational studies ( OSs). Method Meta-analyses and simple and systematic reviews were identified by two reviewers in a blinded, standardized manner. All relevant references were extracted to include RCTs and OSs that provided data about manic switch prevalence after antidepressant treatment for a major depressive episode. The primary outcome was manic switch prevalence in the different arms of each study. A meta-regression was conducted to quantify the impact of certain variables on manic switch prevalence. Results A total of 57 papers (35 RCTs and 22 OSs) were included in the main analysis. RCTs underestimated the rate of manic switch [0.53 (0.32-0.87)]. Overestimated prevalence was related to imipraminics [1.85 (1.22-2.79)]; to serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors [1.74 (1.06-2.86)]; and to other classes of drugs [1.58 (1.08-2.31)], compared to placebo treatment. The prevalence of manic switch was lower among adults than among children [0.2 (0.07-0.59)]; and higher [20.58 (8.41-50.31)] in case of bipolar disorder. Conclusion Our results highlight an underestimation of the rates of manic switch under antidepressants in RCTs compared to the rates observed in observational studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Aims: In recent years there has been growing concern about new psychoactive substances (NPS) designed to mimic the effects of established illicit drugs. This paper explores the patterns and correlates of NPS use in a sample of Australian students.Design and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Australia in 2014. Data were collected from 1126 students (mean age: 14.9 years) from 11 secondary schools. Students completed a self-report questionnaire assessing NPS use and knowledge, beliefs and intentions to use these substances. NPS users were compared with non-users and illicit drug users, who had not used NPS, in terms of gender, binge drinking, tobacco use, psychological distress and self-efficacy to resist peer pressure.Results: Of the 1126 students, 3% reported having ever tried NPS, 2.4% had used synthetic cannabis and 0.4% had used a synthetic stimulant. Analyses revealed that NPS users were more likely to have had an episode of binge drinking in the past 6 months, tried tobacco and had higher levels of psychological distress and lower perceived self-efficacy to resist peer pressure than non-users, but did not significantly differ from users of other illicit drugs.Discussion and Conclusions: NPS use appears to be uncommon among Australian school students. Although adolescents that do use these substances did not differ from students that had used traditional illicit drugs, both appear to be higher-risk groups of students than non-users. Our findings suggest that universal education about NPS be incorporated into existing drug prevention programmes, and that targeted NPS prevention may also be warranted among high-risk adolescents. [Champion KE, Teesson M, Newton NC. Patterns and correlates of new psychoactive substance use in a sample of Australian high school students. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:338-344]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, it has been demonstrated that psychotropic drugs, particularly antidepressants, are frequently prescribed for patients who seek bariatric surgery. Many bariatric surgery patients have a history of a mood disorder. Unlike medications for diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidemia, which are generally reduced and at times discontinued, postsurgery antidepressants use is only slightly reduced. The Roux-en-Y procedure is most frequently associated with alteration in drug exposure. Medication disintegration, dissolution, absorption, metabolism and excretion have been found to be altered in postbariatric patients, although data are sparse at this time. This paper will review the current evidence regarding the effect of bariatric surgery on drug treatment including mechanism of interference as well as the extent of changes identified to date. Data will be presented as controlled trials followed by case series and reports. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the bipolar world, there is a chronic gnashing of teeth among experts, decrying clinicians' poor ability to diagnose bipolar disorder early in the course of the disorder. The feared consequence of this delayed diagnosis is risking a greater number of episodes early in adult life and increasing the likelihood of prescriptions of antide-pressants without mood stabilizers with their attendant risks when taken by those diagnosed as having unipolar depression but who are latently bipolar. These papers typically point to the long time frame from initial depressive symptoms to the proper bipolar diagnosis, usually measured in many years if not a decade or more. Clinicians are then usually urged to be more vigilant in ferreting out subtle hypomanic symptoms and looking for predictors of bipolar outcome. The treatment implication of making this earlier, accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder would be to institute mood stabilizers and (presumably) to avoid antidepressants. Of course, in order to follow these recommendations, predictors of bipolar outcome among depressed patients must be established and validated across studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new antidepressants has had mixed results over the past decade, with several notable failures. This paper reviews a number of major initiatives in the development of new antidepressant agents. Traditional strategies to build on agents that have monoaminergic effects at the synapse (e.g., vilazodone and ketamine) have been complemented with efforts that have emphasized devices and brain circuits (e.g., deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation) or chemical agents that modulate neuroendocrine systems (e.g., glucocorticoid antagonists, mixed melatonin agonists/serotonin type-2 receptor antagonists). Interestingly, chemical agents, such as onabotulinumtoxin A, may affect brain circuits as well. We present data from recent studies in drug and device development--reviewing progress made, stumbling blocks encountered, and issues that need to be addressed in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most disabling diseases worldwide and is becoming a significant public health threat. Current treatments forMDDprimarily consist of monoamine-targeting agents and have limited efficacy. However, the glutamate neurotransmitter system has recently come into focus as a promising alternative for novel antidepressant treatments. We review the current data on the glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine, which has been shown in clinical trials to act as a rapid antidepressant inMDD.We also examine ketamine efficacy on dimensions of psychopathology, including anhedonia, cognition, and suicidality, consistent with theNIMH Research Domain Criteria initiative. Other aspects of ketamine reviewed in this paper include safety and efficacy, different administration methods, and the risks of misuse of ketamine outside of medical settings. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of glutamatergic agents other than ketamine currently being tested as novel antidepressants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent trend toward health care consumerism is largely the product of market practices, which have instilled the notion of health care as a product to be purchased by informed, empowered consumers, rather than a service bestowed upon a patient by a paternalistic provider. In recent years, health care consumerism has been facilitated by direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of pharmaceutical products. In this paper, we use the case of DTCA for antidepressant medications to examine medicalization techniques used to promote consumerism and establish and expand the antidepressant market. We used content analysis of DTCA from the 1997-2006 issues of a broad sample of women's, men's, and common readership magazines to identify techniques of medicalization, and we analyzed in-depth interviews with magazine readers and antidepressant users to examine how such messages are received. Findings are presented within a framework of economic sociology, which allowed us to unveil the links between emotions and social action that undergird responses to medicalization techniques and consumption of advertised products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous reviews of antidepressant treatment for children and adolescents that found minimal or no positive effects failed to account for critical methodological differences in studies, a new review concludes. The author of the review, published March 3 in the American Journal of Psychiatry, states that earlier reviews have drawn questionable conclusions because they categorized many flawed pharmaceutical industry-sponsored trials that found no benefits from antidepressants as negative trials, rather than as failed trials. Accounting for this distinction leads the author of the present paper to conclude that evidence for beneficial effects of antidepressants in children and adolescents is actually strong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of antidepressants (AD) in major depressive disorders (MDD) Keywords: antidepressants; depression; meta-analyses EN antidepressants depression meta-analyses 862 863 2 12/29/20 20201201 NES 201201 The often mud-throwing long-standing debate on the use of antidepressant was rebooted by a meta-analyses1 from a Danish group in 2017. In that paper, the authors successfully distorted the overall primary outcome (that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) had a statistically significant effect in comparison with placebo). [Extracted from the article]

I Sir, i We are grateful to Drs Braillon and Bewley for their interest in our recent paper in I BJOG i 1 and would like to elaborate on some of the important points they raise. GRAPH: Supplementary Material GRAPH: Supplementary Material GRAPH: Supplementary Material GRAPH: Supplementary Material GRAPH: Supplementary Material GRAPH: Supplementary Material GRAPH: Supplementary Material References 1 Kolding L, Ehrenstein V, Pedersen L, Sandager P, Petersen OB, Uldbjerg N, et al. [Extracted from the article]

The paper by Beeder and Samplaski is a review article of antidepressant medications and male fertility.[1] As the authors mentioned, it is well known that antidepressant medications cause male sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction and late-onset hypogonadism syndrome. Fluoxetine-induced androgenic failure impairs the seminiferous tubules integrity and increases ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1): Possible androgenic control of UCHL1 in germ cell death?. [Extracted from the article]

Back in the March 2018 issue, I wrote a commentary titled "Why Don't SSRIs Work in the Medical Subspecialty Clinic?" The stimulus for this was our coverage that month of the results of the Chronic Kidney Disease Antidepressant Sertraline Trial, which found that sertraline was no better than placebo for depressive symptoms in patients with chronic kidney disease and major depression. I described the findings as "disappointing," and although I intended to convey that disappointment in the title of the commentary, perhaps I erred a bit on the nihilistic side. Happily, a paper we are covering this month allows me to offer a corrective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]