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This study used bibliometrics to analyze the characteristics of funded papers in the social sciences in Taiwan from 2015 to 2019, including the number of funded papers, funded paper ratio, document types, fields, type of publishing organizations, journal impact, and paper citation impact. The results indicate that the number of funded papers and the funded paper ratio of SSCI papers from Taiwan have both increased. In addition to articles and reviews, conference papers are a major type of funded paper for local SSCI papers. In terms of fields, the nontraditional social sciences, such as environmental sciences, psychiatry, and public/environmental & occupational health, have a particularly high funded paper ratio. However, the number of funded papers and funded paper ratio is the highest in the field of education & educational research. The fields of economics, management, and business have a large number of funded papers but a low funded paper ratio. Universities are the main funded institutions, but hospitals have the highest funded paper ratio. Funded papers tend to have higher paper citation impacts. Therefore, funding positively affects the productivity and impact of SSCI papers from Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Taoist immortality thought,the ancients' conception of ideal living environment, and the integration of the unique social political and ideological and cultural environment,"Taoism Nature Sanctuary（" TNS） has formed a unique landscape. Through traditional literature consultation, foreign related literature were reviewed. And used Citespace platform to analyze the relevant CNKI researches in the field of TNS. Then combined with the Taiwan academic literature database and main conference papers, reports, analyze the research status from four main perspectives: history and culture, temple architecture and affiliated Taoist gardens, the influence of TNS thought on the landscape design and living environment, and the development of tourism resources. On this basis, summarized the characteristics of the present researches in terms of research methods, areas and research contents, and looks forward to the future, so as to help the realization of the concept of the world heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study applied action regulation theory and polychronicity theory to investigate the adverse impacts of customer incivility on employees' job performance within sports stadiums. The study also explored the mediating role of work interruptions and the moderating effect of employees' polychronicity on the proposed mediation model. Methods: Data were collected using paper questionnaires from junior managers and their subordinates in public-to-private sports centers in Taiwan, which had been operational for over one year by November 2020. Out of the 43 centers meeting this criterion, 31 were included in the study. A total of 219 valid dyads consisting of direct supervisors and subordinates were collected, resulting in a response rate of 94.8 %. We employed reliability tests, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis to assess hypotheses and the research framework. We examined the mediating effect and conditional indirect effects using Model 4 and Model 58 of the SPSS PROCESS macro. Results: The majority of our results supported the research hypothesis that customer incivility significantly negatively affected work interruptions and job performance, as evaluated by supervisors. However, the hypothesis regarding the mediating effect of work interruptions was not supported. Integrated model analysis revealed that employees' polychronicity significantly moderated the proposed mediating effect of work interruptions. While customer incivility significantly decreased the supervisor-evaluated job performance of employees with relatively lower polychronicity levels through the mediating effect of work interruptions, the mediating effect was not significant for employees with relatively higher or moderate levels of polychronicity. Conclusion: Our results elucidated how customer incivility negatively impacted employees in the sports service or sports venue industry. Consequently, it is recommended that organizations provide pre-employment and customer service training for employees. This study also emphasizes the employees' agency and temporal cognitive flexibility, confirming that employees' polychronicity can alleviate the adverse consequences of uncivil customer treatment. This finding deserves consideration by both government and private entities within the sports industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces readers to the articles presented in this special issue of "Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies" devoted to the history of modern Chinese calligraphy, much of which is seen as departing from traditional styles. The articles were chosen among many presented at a conference, "Beyond Pen and Ink: International Research Conference on Chinese Calligraphy Outside of Historical Boundaries," sponsored by National Taiwan Normal University's Institute for Research on Art History, in Taibei, Taiwan, on November 1-2, 2008.

As the core of the national administration, the resolutions of the Executive Yuan Session are the basis for the subsequent actions of other executive authorities at all levels, and the relevant written records not only serve as the basis for the overall administration of the country, but are also important for the continuous development of the records of the past sessions, which are a reflection of the trajectory of the national development. In view of this, this study focuses on the Executive Yuan Session's Minutes of the National Government (...), and explores the functions, rules, and roles of Executive Yuan Session and the contents, structure, and characteristics of Executive Yuan Session's Minutes through documentary crawling and collation. This paper also discusses the editions, current conditions, and value of the Executive Yuan Session's Minutes held by National Archives Administration, National Development Council (NAA), and serves as a reference for the relevant institutions and subsequent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of debates about health, ecology, and livestock production have been erupted in Taiwanese society since August 2020, following a decision by Taiwan's government to allow the importation of pork containing ractopamine from the United States. It becomes necessary to understand how the academic research results on ractopamine have been quoted and interpreted as the basis for discussing the debates. In this systematic review of literature along with bibliometrics, we designed a coding scheme for judging the positive and negative effects of ractopamine on health and ecology reported in the academic papers. A total of 511 articles were found in the Scopus between 2000 and 2020. According to the literature review, human health and ecological concerns are not the focus of mainstream academia. The analyses reveal that the positions of academic communities are obviously divided and lack consensus on the health and ecological stance of ractopamine. The mutual use of systematic literature review and bibliometrics can effectively explore the research characteristics of a huge amount of academic literature with limited time and research manpower, create a common knowledge base for stakeholders, and practice low-cost democratic participation in science and technology issues. This research suggests that for any controversial and risk-related technology policies, or in the early stages of policy discussion, a large-scale academic literature review should be conducted by a third-party organization in order to achieve transparent governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Fujian and Taiwan are the main areas of wood forest products trade, and they also have a sequential difference in the development of wood forest products industry, with similar trade structure and facing similar international trade situation. The domestic scholars' researches on the international competitiveness of China's wood forest products industry mainly focus on the comparative study of the international competitive-ness of China's wood forest products and the world's main wood forest products exporting countries, and the comparative study on the international competitiveness of wood forest products industry in Fujian and Taiwan is relatively few. At present, the export market of wood forest products in Fujian and Taiwan has a high coincidence degree, and there is a certain trade competition. Based on the generalized double diamond model, the relevant factors affecting the international competitiveness of wood forest products industry in Fujian and Taiwan are dis-cussed, and the decision reference is provided for Fujian's wood forest products industry to improve its international competitiveness. (2) Methods--Firstly, the characteristics of wood forest products trade between Fujian and Taiwan were compared from the aspects of export trade scale, import and export trade structure and main trade markets. Secondly, international market share, trade competitiveness index and relative trade advantage index were selected to measure the international competitiveness of wood forest products industry in Fujian and Taiwan. Finally, the paper analyzed the factors affecting the international competitiveness of the wood forest products industry in Fujian and Taiwan by using the generalized double diamond model, and put forward some policy suggestions to improve the international competitiveness of the wood forest products industry in Fujian. (3) Results--From 2002 to 2008, the gap of international competitiveness of wood forest products between Fujian and Taiwan was small. From 2008 to 2009, both Fujian and Taiwan were affected by the global financial crisis to varying degrees. With the help of its own economic strength and forestry policy reform, the international competitiveness of wood forest products in Fujian surpassed that of Taiwan after 2009, and steadily improved. Compared with the wood forest products industry in Taiwan, the development of wood forest products industry in Fujian had the following four influencing factors; First, the input structure of primary production factors was reasonable, but the input structure of advanced factors such as capital and talents needed to be optimized. Second, there was a vast space for local demand, but the structure of the international demand market needed to be adjusted. Third, the related industries developed rapidly, but the basic supporting industries needed to be upgraded. Fourth, the strategy, structure and competitive environment of domestic and foreign entities needed to be improved. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, optimize the input structure of production factors to improve the efficiency of wood forest products industry. Second, adjust the export trade structure to stabilize the wood forest products market. Third, develop relevant and supporting industries to enable the wood forest products industry Chain. Fourth, create a favorable competitive environment to promote the development of wood forest products industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newspapers and periodicals have become an important carrier of Fu creation activities in the Re- public of China (1912–1949), reflecting the self-adjustment and transformation of Fu in the context of literary modernization. Among them, the Fu works of teachers and students in the cultural and educational newspapers and periodicals during the period of the Republic of China (1912 - 1949), to a large extent, retained the writing theme and style characteristics of the traditional Fu style, highlighted their solid and profound classical literary literacy under the background of new literary education, and showed their unique national feelings and life interests with the characteristics of the times. In this paper, the authors try to sort out the general picture of teachers and students' Fu in cultural and educational newspapers and periodicals during the Republic of China (1912-1949) from the perspective of the inheritance and evolution of Fu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By exploring the historical and cultural data of tea cultivation in Shandong and Mount Tai since the Tang and Song Dynasties, this paper speculates that the Jin Dynasty may be the earliest period of tea cultivation in Shandong and Mount Tai, and maintains that the tea recorded in most of the historical documents should be Mount Tai plant substitute tea. The introduction and cultivation of tea trees in Mount Tai was clearly recorded during the Republic of China. After the successful introduction of south tea, Mount Tai tea in the 1990s has achieved rapid development, forming a well-known regional brand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counting the size of farming area with Chinese area unit mu for grain was an ancient taxation system measurement, and mu was calculated with the standard of bu. However, in the mountainous areas of eastern and northern Fujian, with numerous mountains and fragmentized land, there existed a set of folk land measurement from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the Republic of China, namely counting seedlings as mu, either by "he", or by "ba", or by "dou" (the counting unit in agriculture) as a unit of measurement, and finally converted into mu for taxation. The agricultural counting unit had rigorous logic while seeming intricate. Based on the folk deeds in the Zhouning Museum in Fujian Province, this paper takes the unit ba as a clue to reconstruct this method of fields and lands measuring with a unified standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital development has been vigorously promoted in China to drive a comprehensive and indepth change in production, life and governance through the construction of digital economy, digital society and digital government. It has put forward new and higher requirements for basic surveying and mapping products and services. Recently, the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People􀆳s Republic of China issued a notice to promote the construction of 3D realistic geospatial scene of China, aiming to develop new 3D geo-spatial information products which can describe and represent the real 3D spaces of industrial production, living environment and ecological development. The construction of such 3D realistic geospatial scene of China will lead to a 3D digital space which can be well connected with the real geo-spatial space through real-time inter-connection, and will provide a new generation of spatiotemporal information framework for the development of digital China. It is not only a major task for national and local basic surveying and map‐ ping agencies in the next few decades, but also a challenging scientific and technological initiative where several complex factors and technical problems remain to be solved. This paper analyzes the background and problems, discusses the development directions and general technical logic, and conductes the major technological path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the main problems and transformation objectives of the current classification control of territorial space, and provides insight for its system construction. Through studying the transformation process from the dual urban and non-urban management system to overall spatial control in Taiwan, the general framework and legal system of land-use zoning are summarized. It is found that land-use zoning in Taiwan is implemented as a basic tool to achieve planning goals, and the zoning classification system is complete. Moreover, a system of rules and regulations has been formed. Based on the similar background of spatial integration and the general goal of territorial space, it is suggested that a general zoning system is established for global space, and a framework is conceptualized by combining the existing "three-types in five-level" spatial planning system. Finally, the paper concludes by discussing experiences and different pathways toward integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the 1950s to the 1960s, a survey team organized by the Institute of Ethnology of Academia Sinica visited nine ethnic groups of Taiwan’s Indigenous peoples, as well as the living areas of several Taiwanese Plains Indigenous peoples. During the field investigation process, their cameras recorded various activities and objects in the field. The survey work spanned about 10 years, and by 1965, a large number of field record images had been accumulated. The contents of this batch of field photos include: photo images of the villages visited (far, medium, and close), the natural environment around the tribe, local plants, people, rituals, material culture, buildings, statues, weaving looms and utensils, etc. If the contents of the images are viewed in accordance with the sequence in which the photos were taken, it is possible to grasp the movement traces and routes of the investigators at that time to a considerable extent. Although the black and white photos are old, they can still show the people, things and details that are brought into focus by the lens. These field photos have also been widely used in research papers and ethnographic publications, and have survived to this day. These photographs of field investigations spanning 10 years enrich and illustrate three-dimensionally the research results written in each text, assist the presentation of early studies of Indigenous peoples in Taiwan, and support research hypotheses and concepts. These field photos not only “recorded” the social and cultural outlook of Taiwan’s Indigenous people at that time, but also left field footprints and genealogical knowledge for early research on the Austronesian peoples in Taiwan.This article adopts the analysis framework of the photographic ecosystem to sort out the field photography archives of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica, from 1950 to 1960, and annotates three important nodes of the photos’ biography: (1) From the 1950s to the 1960s, photographic images were included in the monographs published by the Institute of Ethnology as research results, highlighting the social biographies of this batch of photo files. Here, photography has witnessed fieldwork on the ground, describing the interactions within fieldwork and the production process of scientific knowledge. The developed photos and images assist in the presentation of encyclopedic knowledge of subjects. (2) Archiving of physical photos taken in the 1950s and 1960s and subsequent digital files points out the material biographies of the photo files. The conversion from analog to digital material/interface makes the images more “freely” released from the photographs. These photo files that survive in the binary material world of 0 and 1 have more diversified possibilities for application and knowledge extension paths. (3) This batch of photographic images from 60 years ago, through the multiple possibilities of materials/interfaces, has moved into the field and ecosystem of academic publication in response to changing academic thinking, social actions or events. As photo archives move from one ecosystem to another, their use, value, and meaning, including the value of their biographies, have also changed. The scope or boundary of the aforementioned important identifiable nodes is distinguished, described and explained through specific examples and activities. I also discuss the fieldwork conception, knowledge production methods, researcher--subject relationships, and the evolution of the power interactions of the Taiwan Indigenous peoples research at the Institute of Ethnology of Academia Sinica based on this, as well as the important figures in its development and institutionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the development of digital convergence, more and more mergers and acquisitions are taking place across media industries. In the past few years, most studies on horizontal mergers and acquisitions examine the concentration ratios or on vertical cases concerning entry barriers that block new entrants. Few research papers have discussed the impact of cross-media merger and acquisition and how to calculate the index. Thus, this paper introduces the experiences of index construction and application from the U.S., Germany, and South Korea, in order to provide a better analysis and concentration measurement index across different media for Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of reporting effect sizes (ESs) in quantitative empirical studies has been emphasized in the literature. However, no published study to date has shed light on current ES reporting practices in Taiwanese psychology and education journals. To fill this gap, the present study systematically reviewed 268 articles published in eight Taiwanese psychology journals and nine education journals during 2017 and 2018. All of these 17 journals were highly ranked in their respective fields. Four aspects of ES reporting practices were investigated: (A) the ES reporting rate, (B) the ES type, (C) the ES interpretation, and (D) the resolution of discrepancies between the ES magnitude and statistical significance. The results revealed that 72% of articles reported at least one ES, and more than 65% of ESs reported were the r-type, such as Pearson’s r and (...). Of the studies that reported ESs, 55% also interpreted the ESs. More than 80% of these interpretations were the mere labeling of an ES as small, medium, or large, according to established benchmarks. Approximately 50% of the articles showed a discrepancy between the magnitude of an ES and its corresponding statistical significance, but only 35% of these articles attempted to explain or resolve the discrepancy. When the data for psychology and education articles were analyzed separately, the psychology articles exhibited a lower rate of both ES reporting and ES interpretation by labeling. In sum, the majority of articles reported at least one ES, but few interpreted ES fully or meaningfully. To assist authors with a full and meaningful ES reporting, we offer five suggestions and one exemplary ES reporting in the Extended Abstract. It is hoped that this paper contributes to an increased practice of meaningfully reporting ES(s) in empirical quantitative studies in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The analysis of contents in abstracts has proven helpful to researchers for effectively screening the information they need. On the one hand, this approach can save time, while on the other hand, it can also allow researchers to discover the core values and research trends in the investigated field of study. Thus, this study took all the text contents in abstracts from the Physical Education Journal, Sports & Exercise Research, Quarterly of Chinese Physical Education, Bulletin of Sport and Exercise Psychology of Taiwan, and Chinese Journal of Sports Biomechanics for the period from March 2009 to March 2019 as the target of its investigation, in an attempt to further explain the development statuses and trends of the target journals through a rigorous and objective analysis process. Methods: Utilizing the concepts of text mining and natural language processing, this paper adopted an analysis program suitable for digital volumes of text data. The adopted program included five steps: text extraction, text segmentation, TF-IDF weight analysis, co-word analysis, and network analysis. Results: Most of the research subjects included in the studies published in the target journals were students and athletes in Taiwan, with the research scope covering the fields of social science and natural science. Conclusion: A network map in this research should fall into the category of relevant academic fields in Taiwan becoming rich and diversified. However, the research topics under the category of "sports history and philosophy" appear to be slightly weak. We suggest that relevant scholars should combine research themes using diverse ways of thinking to achieve the goal of multi-level and multi-dimensional development of sports-related academics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental impact assessment is the main channel for citizens to participate in science and technology risk assessment within the system, so EIA meetings often become the main battlefield for all parties to express their opinions and debate the fate of an development project. Inspired by recent anthropological theorization on time and temporality, this paper argues that the EIA is not just a negotiation of the allocation of space and environmental resources. The EIA meeting is also a convergence of competing temporalities. This article uses the EIA meetings for an offshore wind development project as the field site and the topic of analysis, in which the future of Taiwan energy deployment is at stake. I divide the temporal dimensions of the opinions expressed in the EIA meetings into the "distant future", the "near future", and the "immediate expectation moment." The government and the developer have promised a grand vision of the distant future of the energy structure and marine environment through the planning of large-scale infrastructure. However, the expert committee members of the EIA meeting can only perform in the near future that can be grasped by current scientific and technological capabilities. The public participation in the EIA process is, on the one hand, summoned or provoked by the long-term vision promised by largescale infrastructures; on the other hand, the meeting is a field of opinion for discursive confrontation, in which the actors experience a series of immediate and irreversible anticipatory moments. Every moment of excited evocation (on or off stage) points to a new beginning of the next unknown moment, and this is the main factor that attracts people to participate in the meetings. During the EIA process, from local briefings and public hearings to ad hoc committee meetings in the conference room of the EPA, the proportion of discussions about the distant future has gradually been replaced by near-future technical predictions, and thus the enthusiasm for public participation has also declined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“Sport and Exercise Psychology” is a relatively newborn sub-discipline in the field of Psychology. However, after several years’ development, Sport and Exercise Psychology has spawned its own unique themes in many related research areas. Being first funded in 2001, the Society for Sport and Exercise Psychology of Taiwan (SSEPT) has energetically advanced the Sport and Exercise Psychology academic discipline and its research in Taiwan. The SSEPT has established a firm research foundation for Sport and Exercise Psychology in Taiwan, reflected in three broad dimensions, which are advancing research topics, engaging in related international professional affairs, thereby promoting global attention, and suggesting practical research applications. This special issue includes eight research papers, not only introducing and analyzing certain specific international research topics, but also annotating and emphasizing the roles which the Taiwanese academic community plays in furthering those research topic areas. In conclusion, this special issue not only reflects the diverse developments of Sport and Exercise Psychology in Taiwan, but also demonstrates the contributions of the Taiwanese academic community to the international Sport and Exercise Psychology community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sport and Exercise Psychology research has gradually gained attention in the public eyes in Taiwan and has become an indispensable professional field to promote athlete achievement or mass sports quality. This study aims to review 121 data on sports psychology-related topics which were contained 115 academic papers in the Taiwan Social Science Citation Index (TSSCI), and 6 doctoral dissertations, exploring the relationship between the focus of past research topics and discussing trends and changes in research themes across generations through rigorous social network analysis methods. The study found that: (1)“Sportsmanship/Moral Development” and “Modeling/Observational Learning” are the research topics that are less discussed in Taiwan. The other nine research themes can be divided into three categories: a) “Competition/Achievement Orientation” and “Multidisciplinary Approaches to Psychological Issues”; “Self-Perceptions”, “Emotion/Arousal/Anxiety”, “Physical Activity Adoption, Maintenance, and Adherence”; b) “Gender Role”, “Attitude/Motivation”, “Social Development/Significant Others”, “Measurement Development and Validation”. Among which “self-cognition” is the key role of the most developmental potential context, and the frequency of integration with other research topics is also the highest. (2) In the decade after 2006, the development of Taiwan’s sports psychology is the most diverse, and after 2016, it becomes an in-depth study of several research topics. In the time interval 1(1993-2000), the most critical research topic is “Attitude/Motivation”. In time interval 2(2001- 2005), the most critical research topic are “Self-Perceptions”, “Attitude/Motivation”. In time interval 3(2006-2010), the most critical research topics are “Self-Perceptions”,” Multidisciplinary Approaches to Psychological Issues”, “Emotion/ Arousal/Anxiety”, “Social Development/Significant Others”, “Gender Role”, “Attitude/Motivation”. In time interval 4(2011- 2015), the most critical research topics are “Self-perceptions”, “Attitude/Motivation”, “Multidisciplinary Approaches to Psychological Issues”, “Emotion/Arousal/Anxiety”, “Social Development/Significant Others”. At last, “Self-Perceptions” is the most critical research topic in time interval 5(2016-2018). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the lens of visual anthropology, this paper offers an analysis of three first-generation Indigenous documentary filmmakers in Taiwan: Mayaw Biho (Amis), Pilin Yapu (Atayal), and Chang Shu-Lan (Tao). Using participant observation and in-depth interviews, I explore how these directors revolutionized discourses of collective Indigenous identities and revitalized local cultures through documentary films and independent public screenings. I also consider some of the challenges and complexities these directors faced while filming in their native communities. Through these reflections, this article raises ethical questions around conflict management during collaborative filming, what is left unseen and unsaid, and how directors negotiate their own identities as insiders in relation to their work. I aim to demonstrate how Indigenous endogenous perspectives can contribute to ethical debates around documentary filmmaking and expand contemporary understandings of the relationships between directors and their subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Looking back at the development of psychology in Taiwan, we can review the progress in various fields from three dimensions. The one is to explore the issues in universality and specific dimension, such as through the holistic concept dominant in the discipline or the topic of specific issues. The other is the temporal dimension, such as the review and outlook through the axis of the historical articulation and futuristic guidance. The third is the spatial dimension, such as the dialectical debate between the globalization and localization involved in the progress of various fields of psychology. Back to the progress of clinical psychology in Taiwan, we pay more attention to the link the science and application to solve the separation crisis between theory and practice. In this paper, literature review method is applied to inquire into the discussion of clinical psychology in Taiwan. It is not based on diachronic review, but on the combination of specific and universal themes, as well as the characteristics of local research outcome through the sampling approach and sign approach of the dual strategies to explore. First, it is discussed from the representative sample specific study topic covering three levels of psychopathology, psychological assessment and psychotherapy, including autism, sleep psychology, breast cancer psychological growth, and cardiac psychology research. Second, it is to discuss the characteristics of neuropsychological and rehabilitation psychology and the development of humanistic clinical psychology with the sign approach. Through the sampling and sign approach review, it shows that the research and development of clinical psychology in Taiwan is the reflective outcomes of the training process of both scientists and practitioners. Finally, under the retrospective results and exposition of the depth, localization and ethical act, we put forward the reflection on clinical practice through research and development, and towards the agenda that has yet to be deepened in further situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of organizational behavior research in Taiwan has been approximately 50 years. This paper reviews both the logic and the transition of research approaches, including etic approach, cross-cultural approach, indigenous approach, and globalized approach. On one hand, this essay indicates that the advantages and disadvantages of different types of research methods employed by organizational behavior researchers. On the other hand, by depicting the context and background of the transition of each research approach, this essay highlights the theoretical contribution of different research approaches, thus shedding some light on further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I. n mainland China, Augustine's Confessions translated by Mr. Zhou Shiliang (Commercial Press, 1963) is very popular. However, before Mr. Zhou's translation, during the late Qing and the Republic of China, there were five Chinese translations of Confessions. In this paper the author first examines the translation and publication of the five Chinese translations, their respective characteristics, and secondly examines the history of the translation of the word "Confession," the discussion of the precise meaning and translation of "confession" among some writers during the Republic of China. This article is the first systematically academic retrospection of the eastward transmission of Augustine's Confessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the 'paucal' construction [無口舍物 X] 'very few， barely5 in Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM). The elements that can occur in this construction include nouns, adjectives, modal verbs, psychological verbs, active verbs, and 'H列 + active verb.' According to the 'scalar model,' all of these elements should possess the feature [+scalar] to specify the idea 'scalar.5 Adjectives, in particular, should make [+positive] prominent as well. 口舍物 'what' can be treated as a 'semi-adverb' when it modifies the following verbal elements. The grammaticalization of 卩舍物 4whaf from a interrogative pronoun to a semi-adverb, which has not heretofore been discussed, is another focus of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the development of the "Singing out Our Songs" movement in 1970s Taiwan. Drawing on the phenomenology of the scream, specifically on the Deleuzian concept of the Scream and the Lacanian concept of the Voice, this paper focuses more attention on the mapping of intangible affective/resistant power in the context. Regarding Li Shuangze as the leading figure of the "Singing out Our Songs" movement, we argue that the act of his creation deploys the very way of answering the social condition as well as the urgent issue of identification at that time. Moreover, his compositions as a silent tomb show the historical significance in calling the spectre for a telepathetic link towards the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Four revised versions of Taiwan's abortion legislation were proposed in 2012 and raised controversy. Legislators led by Li-huan Yang proposed a six-day 'mandatory waiting periods' coupled with 'mandatory counseling'. Legislators led by Shi-bao Lai proposed 'consent from two doctors'. Both of these aimed to reduce the abortion rate and increase the birth rate. The Administrative Yuan for its part proposed a 'mandatory waiting period' of three days plus 'mandatory counseling'. And finally, legislators led by Yi-chen Wu proposed that medical institutions should provide all kinds of information related to abortion', and that local government 'should provide birth counseling to citizens'. This paper aims at analyzing the controversy. Methods: Three methods are adopted. (1) Discourse analysis is applied on documents collected from legal and medical research papers, government data and news reports. (2) Descriptive statistics is applied on two surveys conducted in 2007 and 2008 on women and obgynecologists nationwide respectively. (3) Text analysis is applied to the written texts provided by women and ob-gynecologists on some open-ended questions in the survey. Results: The 'Mandatory waiting periods' as proposed by Yang and the Administrative Yuan is found to lack consideration of reality, as our survey shows that most women considering the terminating of an unplanned pregnancy have already been thinking much longer than the stipulated period, typically having already done this for periods ranging from over one week to a whole month. As regards 'mandatory counseling', this is found to be in violation of human rights and professional ethics. As to 'consent from two doctors', this is found to create difficulties for women, and is opposed by a majority of ob-gynecologists. Conclusions: Two types of discourse appear in the controversy, the 'restrictive and controlling discourse' receives little support from academic research, or in surveys of women and physicians, and also runs counter to the professional ethics of counseling. Many research findings have shown that 'Mandatory waiting periods' do not contribute to the reduction of the abortion rate. The 'women centered discourse' reflects the women's needs and practice on the matter, and the 'patient centered discourse' practiced by ob-gynecologists can give support to 'women centered discourse'. As for an effective reduction of abortion rate, the paper finds that policy makers would achieve greater success by promoting greater use of contraceptives, and improving economic and social welfare, thus enabling women to consider keeping unplanned fetuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the maximum residue limits (MRLs) standards system for veterinary drugs in aquatic products in Mainland China and promote the exchange and cooperation in quality and safety supervision of aquatic product between two sides of the Taiwan Straits, the MRLs standards among Mainland China, Taiwan China, Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), Japan, USA and EU are compared and analyzed. The results show that, (1) duplication of regulatory exista in the MRLs standards of Mainland China and the MRLs standard in No. 235th is the most perfect in Mainland China, which was announced by ministry of agriculture; (2) the MRLs standards in Taiwan China is higher than that in Mainland China; (3) the residue standards of Mainland China and Taiwan China is not consistent with international standards; (4) the MRLs standards of Mainland China and Taiwan China are stricter and more meticulous than that of CAC. However, the standards are not as detailed and scientific as those in Japan and EU. Last but not the least, this paper puts forward the policy countermeasures on improving the MRLs standard system of veterinary drug residues in aquatic product and strengthening the cooperation between both sides of the Taiwan Straits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper offers a preliminary theory about the effect of agricultural Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the host country using the case of cross-strait agricultural cooperation between Fujian and Taiwan. Currently land is allocated through integration in all the cross-strait agricultural co operations. Given the fact that land provides social security to Chinese peasants and the fact that the agricultural FDI is very different from the industrial FDI in terms of their respective demand for land, this paper finds that the land allocation mode through integration in the cross-strait agricultural cooperation will bring great risks to mainland Chinese society. We suggest that mainland China to adopt the networkization as an alternative mode of land allocation based on an analysis of the cost-benefit of these two modes of land allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses scientific paradigm shift in Taiwan as the vantage point to understand its current development in organic farming and associated problems. The three distinct evolutionary stages of Taiwanese agriculture can be summarized as: 1) The pre-1895 natural farming regime that largely relied on local or indigenous knowledge systems; 2) The 1895-1986 period characterized by small-scale, intensive farming under the herald of scientism; and 3) The post-1986 rise of organic farming under the influence of global environmentalism. These paradigm shifts unravel the complex social and political discourses underpinning Taiwan's contorted history. Even more importantly, however, this paper argues that the main impetus of these paradigm shifts did not originate from local social needs or in response to practices or theoretical developments engineered by local scientific communities. Rather, all changes were results of gross transplanting of worldviews, ideas and practices developed in global nucleated centers of North American, Europe and Japan. The significant discrepancy between Taiwan's dominant scientific paradigms and practical societal needs can explain why the development of organic farming in Taiwan faces seemingly insurmountable structural difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After years of development, Women's visual arts have increased in aspects of its genre or quantity. Women's spirituality related creative works have also provided audiences with more varieties of thinking and dialogic modes. Especially, since 1990s, major joint art exhibitions in Taiwan have pioneered and expanded the exploration, the content of Women's visual arts and their aestheticism. An observation on the exhibitions in three major official museums in Taiwan (Taipei Fine Arts Museum, National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts, and Kaohsiung Fine Arts Museum) reveals the fact that the attempts and efforts of Women's visual arts to expand new models and formats have formed important directions, and have thus constructed an indispensable part of art development in Taiwan. Facing the rapid changes and developments of art scenes in the 21st century, how do Taiwanese Women artists confront the world trend and their situation in life while proposing their own point of view through the artworks? The present paper attempts to sort out the characteristics of Taiwanese Women's visual arts from the angle of Women spirituality. Through a replenishing point of view, the multiplicity to the Women's Arts should be revealed. Through the re-exploration of different Women's arts orient and occident, and reconsider the oppressions and persecutions of female body and mind enforced by the structure of traditional paternal monotheism and industrial science, this paper will provide a spiritual enlightenment to Taiwanese Women's spirituality & eco-political arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will examine how "traditional rituals" were once models for reflecting on, organizing and managing daily life, from the native's point of view. Through rituals, people built an imagined link with the natural and supernatural world, forming a tribal society that was autonomous and in which resources were shared. Under the impact of external influences, traditional rituals gradually became innovated and imagined constructs with contemporary political objectives; the process involving group classification and integration of new social relationship into the changing state. Taking the Kavalan people as an example, who were successfully recognized as an ethnic group by the government in 2002. As a case study, this paper will analyze how, after martial law was lifted in Taiwan in 1987, against the background of political liberalization and reconstruction of national identity, the people of Sinshe village in Hualien County used various innovative qataban activities (transforming it from the headhunting ritual into the harvest festival) as a reflexive strategy for the group's name restoration movement to avoid a direct conflict with national assimilation politics. Through the dramatic effects and symbolism of the contemporary performance of the qataban, they echoed, opposed and imagined the "we group" and then created new social relationships in the process of negotiating differences and conflict between internal sub-groups. At the same time, through the interactive participation of government, media and academia, this nationalized ethnic group, severed from tradition, was imagined and the group's "existence" was announced to, and negotiated with, the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates an emerging social phenomenon in Taiwan: the new unemployed cohort ("Not currently engaged in Employment, Education or Training", or "NEET"). The author examines how the changing social environment, personal history, family intergenerational relationship, and education contribute to making this cohort isolated and unable to enter the labor force. The paper further discusses the impact of the NEET cohort on the family and the social problems arising from the NEET phenomenon, and makes policy recommendation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely recognized that Taiwanese democrat Wan-chu Lee, a so-called half-mainlander who spent a good part of his career in China, was in general in favor of democracy in his coping with the national issue. However, this paper argues that his understanding of the Chinese nation is primarily a cultural nation and he gave this cultural identity an authentic reading that is not to be transcended by his promotion of democracy. Despite that the prospect for democracy was aborted by the actual development in China, his identification with cultural China never faded away. This paper traces the evolution of his cultural identity and how he was able to stay with it throughout his career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The School of Practicing Both Daoism and Exorcism includes the Zhengyi School and the Third Matriarch School of Lu-shan. Its practioners serve as liturgical specialists only for the Chiao sacrifice, not for the salvation of the dead. Although scholars have focused on its origins and liturgy, there have been no comprehensive studies of the documents used in the rituals. In this paper, I discuss relevant Daoist ritual documents and analyze the Keelung Guangyuan Altar's seven-day chiao ceremony which was performed at Songshan Cihui Temple in 2005. In that particalar year, they integrated a traditional five-day chiao ritual into the liturgy. I then compare the documents from the 2005 performance with those from the five-day Chiao of the Inauguration List in the "Zhuanglin Xudaozang." Furthermore, I investigate the new version of the ritual documents used by the head priest, Li You-kun, in light of actual needs. This paper is divided into five sections. The introduction focuses on clarifying the meaning of relevant Daoist ritual documents. The second section discusses structure of the rituals and the relationship between the rituals and documents. The third section analyzes the form and function of petitions documents. The fourth section investigates pass permits (die…), talismans and announcing documents. The conclusion discusses the meaning of these Daoist ritual documents, their origins and their transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a joint study of the prophecies attributed to Liu Bowen in circulation in Taiwan during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Liu Bowen was the courtesy name of Liu Ji, an eminent adviser to the Ming dynasty founder Zhu Yuanzhang (Ming Taizu, r. 1368- 1398). Since the late seventeenth century during the Ming-Qing transition, however, under the name of Liu Bowen, Liu Ji has been systematically mythologized as a legendary figure, becoming known as a clairvoyant prognosticator and an ingenious builder of imperial cities in modern times. In addition to a profusion of prophecies attributed to him during periods of social and political crises, he is best known as the author of a prophecy book known as Shaobing ge (Baked Cake Ballad), prophesying the events of China during the last six hundred years with incredible accuracy and proposing means of salvation. While his name and his works have been well known in mainland China, the Shaobing ge and other prophecies attributed to him were also in vogue in Taiwan under Japanese colonial rule and have remained in circulation in the island since its return to Chinese suzerainty after the Second World War. This paper is divided into four parts, with contributions shared by both authors. The first part gives a summary of the state of research on Liu Ji's Shaobing ge, tracing the inception of its prophecies in the late Ming and early Qing to the work of fiction writers and the propagandists of the anti-Manchu sectarian organizations and secret societies in the eighteenth century. Additional prophecies attributed to Liu Ji proliferated thereafter onto the 1930s. The earliest edition of Shaobing ge which the authors have seen or in their possession was printed in the late Guangxu period (1875-1908) but it was probably based on much earlier cruder manuscripts. The book has been well received in Taiwan since that time. The second part examines Taiwanese publications under Japanese colonial rule attesting to the popularity of Liu Bowen's alleged prophecies. The first source was discussions on the origin of the Shaobing ge and its purposes by Taiwanese scholars published in the Sino-Japanese Taiwan daily newspaper Taiwan Riri Xinbao, dated November 20 and December 3, 1898, the thirty-first year of Meiji. There one commentator suggested that the author of Shaobing ge may have been an adviser to the leaders of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the mid nineteenth century, and pointed out that several individual prophecies later collected in the Shaobing ge were already well known in Taiwan at that time. Another Taiwanese publication gives information that Liu Bowen had been adulated by the local people as a deity of salvation and the Shaobing ge had been cited by ringleaders of the anti-Japanese Taiwanese uprising in Tainan in 1915 to presage victory. The third part of the paper examines the worship and distribution of Liu Bowen's alleged prophecies known as Liu Bowen chen or Liu Bowen xiansheng xianchu jiujiebei wen by a group of followers of the banned sectarian organization known as Yiguan Sect in the city of Gaoxiong in southern Taiwan in the 1960s. It reproduces the recently declassified police records of the Guomindang Government on these episodes with an analysis of the contents of the prophecies and the motives of the worshippers. It shows that the worshippers harbored no political agenda but aspired to blessings from Liu Bowen for a healthy and happy life. The final part of the paper gives a textual analysis of the Liu Bowen chen or Liu Bowen jiujiebei wen propagated by sectarian organizations in Taiwan with similar non-violent social goals.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This paper explores the factors influencing the involvement of health-promoting Taiwanese elementary schools in school-family partnership. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional. A stratified random sample was used, according to the size of the districts and individual schools, to select participants from 2,675 primary schools in Taiwan. A total of 584 participants were recruited and the response rate was 67% (n=391). Structured questionnaires including items on demographics, predisposing factors, reinforcing factors, enabling factors, and involvement in school-family partnership, were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchy regression, and p < .05 was considered statistically significant. The research framework was based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Results: The demographics, predisposing factors, reinforcing factors, and enabling factors were the major factors affecting school involvement in school-family partnership, accounting for 46.4% of the total variance for involvement in school-family partnership. The demographics, predisposing factors, reinforcing factors, and enabling factors can divided for 4.4%, 13.2%, 20.3% & 8.6% of the total variances. Conclusions: The availability of helpful resources, supportive policymaking, supportive principal, colleagues, and perceived efficacy of school-family partnership, can successfully enhanced school involvement in school-family partnership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the construction of the wild practical bases located in Tianmu Mountain, Qiandao Lake and Zhujiajian, this paper illuminates that wild practice is the important part of biology teaching and the important way to develop the scientific literacy and capacity of students. Seeting up field biology courses and increasing scientific questions for exploring are discoursed to be the useful teaching methods to develop the scientific literacy and innovation of students. Various detailed means are also explored, such as the biological bases open to the whole country for practice, cooperating with world-class universities and Taiwan universities to set up field biology courses, as well as the course practice and research practice aiming at different scientific propositions. The exploring aims at the construction of novel teaching system concerning field biology practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on regime switching mixed Copula model, this paper finds the tail dependence between Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hongkong, Taiwan stock markets is a dynamic asymmetric process. In the state of low risk, right tail dependence is higher than left tail dependence; in the state of high risk, the situation is opposite. The tail dependence between Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hongkong stock markets is much stronger and more sensitive to exterior shocks than that between Shanghai, Shenzhen and Taiwan stock markets. The tail dependence between Shenzhen and Hongkong, Taiwan stock markets is more sensitive to exterior shocks than that between Shanghai and Hongkong, Taiwan stock markets. Tail dependence shows Chinese stock market risk increases significantly in the crisis and financial contagion happens. Furthermore, the tail dependence shows two big simultaneous structure changes correspond to the first and second stages of the crisis, which means the stock market risk is systematic. However, the third stage of the crisis almost has no influence on Chinese stock markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether there was an improvement in the treatment outcomes for AMI patients in Yilan County after the opening of the Hsuehshan Tunnel on June 16, 2006. The Hsuehshan Tunnel connects Taipei City with Yilan County and substantially cuts down the traveling time between the two regions. It may facilitate the migration of medical manpower between the two regions and increase accessibility to medical center hospitals for Yilan's inhabitants. Methods: By using the 2004-2008 National Health Insurance Database, we estimated the changes in the 30-day mortality rate and readmission rate of Yilan's AMI patients via the logistic regression model and difference-in-differences. Results: We found that 30-day mortality rates for AMI patients in Yilan County did decline after the opening of the Hsuehshan Tunnel. This finding persisted when AMI patients in Yilan County and Hualien County were compared via difference-in-differences. There was also a decline in the readmission rates; however, it was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The treatment outcomes for Yilan's AMI patients did improve after the opening of the Hsuehshan Tunnel. Transportation facilities have a positive effect on the treatment outcomes for AMI patients living in less accessible areas because of the migration of medical manpower to regions with improved transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, the SEER-Medicare data link cancer patients in the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) Program with Medicare enrollment to identify cancer patients who are eligible for Medicare and to provide Medicare Claims for these patients. Statistics from the National Cancer Institute show that there are over 650 peer-reviewed publications using the SEER -Medicare database. This database has been the primary data source for health services research in oncology since its inception, and it has made tremendous contributions to policies related to cancer control, treatment, and surveillance in the United States. The National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), established at the initiation of the Taiwan's National Health Insurance program in 1995, is a claims database. The Taiwan Cancer Database (TCDB), based on the Taiwan Cancer Registry, was established in 2002. The creation of a TCDB-NHIRD linked database could produce a SEER-Medicare-like database and has the potential to become an invaluable resource for cancer as well as policy researchers in Taiwan. This paper introduces the SEER-Medicare database, including data collection, software, applications of the database, data elements, structure, validation, the data request and application process, limitations of the database, and privacy and confidentiality issues. We then use a previously published breast cancer study to demonstrate the procedures involved in generating research from the SEER-Medicare database, followed by recommendations for the future development of a database that links TCDB to the NHIRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to explore potential sources of revenue for National Health Insurance (NHI). Potential revenue sources considered were earmarked taxes on various substances including cigarettes, alcoholic beverages and betel nuts. A fat tax, a green tax, a luxury tax and a gambling tax were also considered. We reviewed the literature in this area of research, examined relevant financing policies in other countries, and discussed the benefits and costs associated with the proposed revenue sources. We suggest that the government raise the tax rates on tobacco and alcohol consumption to finance NHI. In addition, the government can tax sin goods such as betel nuts and sugar-sweetened beverages. In light of the negative externalities associated with gambling and pollution activities, the government can use parts of the green tax and the gambling tax to finance NHI. Finally, a luxury tax is also a good financing alternative due to its redistributive nature. We contend that, due to NHI's growing financial burden, it is imperative to find supplemental sources of revenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The challenge of youth unemployment has led to a great demand for youth continuing education in Taiwan. While young people want continuing education to increase their competitiveness, the government also hopes that it will increase youth employment. This paper explores the strategies and trends in youth continuing education in Taiwan. First, it illustrates that there is a strong demand for youth continuing education when individuals face social change and difficulties in career development. Second, it introduces youth continuing education programmes that address these needs, and it explains the different strategies of continuing education. Finally, it summarizes recent trends in youth continuing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 21th century's first decade, China has made great progress in social legislation. The Female Rights Protection Law of 2005, the Employment Promotion Law of 2007, the Labor Contract Law of 2007 and the Social Insurance Law of 2010 were passed to regulate a wide scope of labor practices and to provide fair employment, better labor conditions as well as social benefits regarding unemployment, occupational injuries, retirement and healthcare. The Labor Contract Law drew more public attention than any other laws. It invited 190,000 recommendations in the month following the disclosure of its draft bill. Unlike Taiwan's Collective Agreement Law of 1930 governing the practice of collective agreement between unions and management, Chinese Labor Contract Law also regulates collective labor contract's equivalence to a collective bargaining agreement. This paper compares the provisions specifically governing collective labor contracts with Taiwan's Collective Agreement Law. The findings of the comparison are: 1. The laws of both sides governing the agreements or contracts are, in nature, substantially private laws even though China set several compulsory administrative requirements for concluding a valid collective labor contract. 2. The legal concept denoting a Collective Labor Contract or Collective Agreement is a separate concept from the employment contract or individual labor contract and refers to a private contract regulating labor conditions and subject matters regarding labor relations between union and management. The contract will impose civil obligations on the parties and may be litigated due to a breach of covenanted term. 3. With the government's assistance, collective labor contract has been widely established for self-regulating the labor conditions and labor relations in China but a Collective Agreement has not yet become a significant scheme for self-regulating the labor conditions and labor relations in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the distinction between finite clauses and non-finite clauses in Taiwanese Holo, which was brought up in Tang (1998). The distinction depends on whether the clauses can form A-not-A questions, and/or whether they may have the empty pronoun PRO as subject. If a predicate verb or adjective can form an A-not-A question, then the clause containing this predicate is a finite one. If a predicate verb or adjective may have PRO as subject, then the clause containing this predicate is a non-finite one. In the course of discussion, we touch upon questions such as the distinction between small ‘pro’ and big ‘PRO’, as well as the comparison between the various syntatic structures of the complement clauses of control verbs, raising verbs, and exceptional case-marking verbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creation of painting in Taiwan in the early twentieth century was first inspired by Japanese art teachers. The new idea of "realistic painting" introduced at the time allowed the discovery of "local colors." However, the Taiwanese painters who employed the artistic ideal of "painting one's intent" were able to escape the limitation imposed by the concept of "local colors." How did the painters explore the artistic styles offered by the new global contexts through the colonization of Japan is an important issue that requires in-depth investigation. This issue is further complicated by painters who were not only influenced by the Japanese arts but also the traditional Chinese arts, as some of the Taiwanese painters moved to China after their training in Japan in order to search for a new style that conflates the Eastern and the Western arts. Taking several painters, Liu Jintang, Chen Chengpo, and Guo Bochuan as examples, this paper explores issues of identity, cultural impacts, and stylistic developments of the arts in the early twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western literature points out that young people leaving out-of-home care often experience mental problems and social maladaptation. Thus, it is important to provide leaving preparation and independent living programmes for young people. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the policy and practice of leaving care and independent living programmes in Taiwan. The author also introduces international service standards and practical models. Lastly, five suggestions are made for future practice: independent living preparation in care, a leaving care policy, case management, training, and an assessment tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug taking is notoriously detrimental to people’s health and development. This is especially true for adolescents, who are at a critical stage of development. Because of their less mature mental and psychological state, poor self-control ability, and strong peer pressure, adolescents are more likely to be affected by drug abuse. The main aim of this paper is to propose a drug prevention curriculum for high schools. Documentary analyses and group interviews were adopted as research methods. Current high school curriculum guidelines and different textbooks were analyzed. Also, opinions of school staff were gathered. As a result, a drug prevention curriculum programmed for high schools was developed, including proposed target groups, curriculum scopes, key themes, and design principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being single is a rapidly growing social phenomenon in Taiwan. As a result of various life courses and experiences between traditional and contemporary society facing social change, the single are presently developing more diversified and flexible perspectives than before, whether they are voluntarily single or not. This paper describes the phenomenon of being single in Taiwan by looking at marital attitudes, related factors resulting in being single, and the challenges of being single in order to comprehend other perspectives toward marriage in Chinese society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the mental health of adolescents in Taiwan and reviews the literature on "resilience" and mental health of at-risk adolescents. The author suggests that different professional practitioners should be integrated into the mental health team. Practitioners should connect school and community resources, and apply a "school-community model" to mental health promotion and treatment for adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper induces three stylized facts about the present situation of the cross-strait relations and Taiwan's political ecology. These stylized facts may be summed up as the deterioration of the Taiwanese people's Chinese national identity. And these problems are to a great extent the result of Mainland China's totalitarianism political system and the low level of livelihood and the underdevelopment of the civil rights conditions in the Mainland as well as the improper policies of the Mainland towards Taiwan. In conclusion, Mainland China needs to reform its totalitarian political system, increase the level of livelihood and the civil rights conditions, as well as improve its policies towards Taiwan. These measures may help to optimize the policies of the Mainland China towards Taiwan and reconstruct the cross-strait imagined communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]