Search

Fourteen species of vascular plants are reported as new records in Guangxi. They are Rumex obtusifolius L., Impatiens polyneura K. M. Liu, Pilea sinocrassifolia C. J. Chen, Synotis fulvipes(Y. Ling)C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, Primulina minor F. Wen & Y. G. Wei, Hanceola exserta Y. Z. Sun ex C. Y. Wu, Isodon longitubus(Miq.)Kudô, Keiskea australis C. Y. Wu & H. W. Li, Sciaphila ramosa Fukuy. & T. Suzuki, Eriocaulon decemflorum Maxim., Lilium concolor Salisb., Arisaema silvestrii Pamp., Bulbophyllum tipula Aver., Isachne sylvestris Ridl. And the citation and geographical distribution of each species are also listed in this paper. The discovery of these new records not only provides new data for the study of floristic geography in Guangxi, but also has important practical significance for the precise implementation of full coverage protection of native plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based field works, specimen collections and lots of literatures reading, we found a newly recorded species of Phyllanthaceae from China——Sauropus racemosus Beille. It differs from other species of Sauropus in having glabrous young branches, glabrous leaves, racemoses 3 to 5 clustered on the lower part of the old stem branchlets. In this paper, a detailed description, color photographs and geographical distribution of S. racemosus are given. In addition, we consider S. racemosus as ‘Endangered'(EN)based on the IUCN categories and criteria. The discovery of S. racemosus enriched the diversity of plant species in the Sino-Vietnanese border area. It reflects that the Sino-Vietnanese border area are biodiversity hotspots in the world and key areas for biodiversity conservation. It also shows that the plant investigation in this area is not enough, and further investigation and research are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of introduction and survival records, this paper reports the status of introduction, survival, and ex-situ conservation of plant species in the South China National Botanical Garden (SCNBG) . The results are as follows: (1) A total of 19 154 species, 99 subspecies and 136 varieties (80 597 accession numbers) of vascular plants belonging to 325 families and 3 952 genera have been introduced since 1956, of which 11 581 species, 52 subspecies and 80 varieties (24 352 accession number) belonging to 290 families and 2 777 genera are surviving currently; the introduction records include 565 species of National Key Protected Wild Plants (421 species survived), covering 94.7% (36/38) of the first-class National Key Protected Wild Plants (29 species survived), 76.4% (269/352) of the second-class National Key Protected Wild Plants (229 species survived), and 54.3% (547/1 008) threatened species (414 species survived) in South China. (2) The most species are introduced from Guangdong Province (7 193 accession numbers, 2 523 species), followed by Hainan Province (3 658 accession numbers, 1 593 species), Guangxi Province (4 744 accession numbers, 1 559 species) and other surrounding provinces; the SCNBG has obtained some precious plant resources from the same latitude regions by introducing and exchanging species with 61 countries around the world. (3) 17 specialized gardens for ex-situ conservation based on plant taxa (e. g. Magnolia Garden) show a high level in terms of introduction quantity and survival rate. (4) The correlation between the number of surviving species and the frequency of introduction is extremely significant (r = 0.85***) . (5) The survival rate of introduced species distributed naturally in South China is higher than that in other provinces. In the future, the SCNBG needs to strengthen the ex-situ conservation of plants through following points: (1) On the basis of investigation, cataloguing, evaluation and research, strengthening the introduction and collection of rare and endangered plants, native plants and economically important plants in tropical and subtropical regions, further improving the quantity and quality of ex-situ conservation; (2) Establishing an ex-situ conservation network system for plants in South China to effectively protect plant diversity in this region; (3) Improving the infrastructure construction and information management level of ex-situ conservation for higher efficiency; (4) Enhancing international scientific research cooperation and species exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] By standardizing, expediting, and automating the evaluation of integrated farmland soil fertility, the present paper aimed to optimize crop planting patterns and make use of land resources rationally. [Method] Taking the tobacco planting areas of Fuchuan Yao Autonomous County as examples, 1038 sample points from Guangxi tobacco planting areas were selected as training data. Based on the consideration of soil conditions, climate environment, and topography, 15 indicators were chosen to calculate the integrated soil fertility index. The Stacking algorithm was applied to establish a regression prediction model for evaluating the integrated fertility of the study area. [Result] The Stacking02 model based on six key factors exhibited excellent performance on the test set, with mean absolute error, mean squared error, and R2 coefficient of determination of 0.0066, 0.0084, and 0.9529, respectively. The Stacking02 model was used to assess the integrated fertility of the study area, showing that the northern part of study area was better than the southern part, with a higher proportion of high-quality production areas. Low comprehensive fertility index regions had relatively high soil pH values and low total nitrogen and available potassium contents. [Conclusion] Compared to primary learners, the performance of the Stacking model improved. The Stacking02 model established using six key factors demonstrated excellent generalization performance, simplifying the calculation process and saving computational power. The same method can also be used to evaluate the soil integrated fertility of the study area. It suggests that this method should be extended to the comprehensive fertility evaluation of other regions and crops’ soils to develop targeted crop utilization schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Guangxi, an important region for agricultural production of the national government and the new Gui Clique, formulated the Outline of the Implementation Plan for Grain Production Increase from 1938 to 1943 in order to expand grain production, ensure army provision supply and sustain people's livelihood. Through analysis of the outline, this paper discussed diffusion environment, spatial variation and technical measures taken to boost grain yield. During the implementation of the plan, Guangxi was damaged to some extent by two invasions of the Japanese army, and this paper made rather objective evaluation of the implementation and effects of the Outline of the Implementation Plan for Grain Production Increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to screen leguminous plants suitable for improving the soil of bauxite mine reclaimed soil and provide a reference basis for sustainable agricultural development in mining areas. [Method] Seven legumes, including Sesbania cannabina, Vicia sativa, Astragalus sinicus, V. villosa, Medicago sativa, Stylosanthes guianensis and Coronilla varia, were planted in the reclaimed soil of the Pingguo bauxite mine in Guangxi, and the biomass, presence of root nodules, nutrient content, nitrogen fixation efficiency, biological nitro- gen fixation, soil nutrients, calcium and magnesium ion content, total aluminum and active aluminum content of each legume were determined. The legumes suitable for planting in bauxite mine reclamation soil were screened through principal component analysis, and a partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) was established to explore the factors that affected the biological nitrogen fixation of legumes in bauxite mine reclamation soil. [Result] Among the seven legumes, A. sinicus had the highest below-ground biomass(1.961 g/pot) and above-ground bio-mass (0.344 g/pot), C. varia had the lowest below-ground biomass (0.387 g/pot) and above-ground biomass (0.099 g/pot) while Sesbania had the highest N(7.98% ), P(2.999 g/kg), and K(19.828 g/kg) contents. In terms of nodulation, only Sesbania, A. sinicus, and C. varia had root nodules, while the rest of the legumes did not nodulate. Among the three nodulated legumes, S. cannabina had the highest nitrogen fixation efficiency (80.01%) and biological nitrogen fixation (0.077 g/pot). Principal component analysis of three leguminous plants based on evaluation factors including plant nutrient content, biomass, biological nitrogen fixation, and nitrogen fixation efficiency as evaluation factors showed that comprehensive score of S. cannabina repens was the highest (2.30 points). PLS-PM pathway analysis showed that the biological nitrogen fixation of legumes in bauxite mine reclamation soil was directly influenced by plant nutrient content and soil active aluminum and pH, soil nutrients, and types of plants indirectly influenced the biological nitrogen fixation of legumes by affecting plant nutrient content and soil active aluminum. [Conclusion] S. cannabina, A. sinicus, and C. varia are capable of nodulating and improving the pH, available K, ac- tive aluminum, organic matter content, and biological nitrogen fixation of the reclaimed soil in bauxite mines. Based on the comprehensive e- valuation, S. cannabina is considered as the most suitable legume plant for planting in the reclaimed soil of bauxite mines and can be promo- ted and applied as a legume plant for nitrogen fixation and soil improvement in bauxite mining areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to establish the evaluation method of heat resistance of leek resources, select heat-resistant leek varieties, and solve the problem of shortage of heat-resistant leek varieties in Guangxi.【Method】Taking three kinds of local germplasm resources of leek（marked as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I, respectively） of Guangxi large leaf leek, wide leaf leek and thin leaf leek collected from the general survey of germplasm resources by Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs（2015-2020） as test materials, the changes of the maximum growth length of leek leaves, the newly increased aboveground biomass and the contents of chlorophyll, proline and malondialdehyde after 7 days of high temperature stress at 38 ℃ were measured. Combined with field natural high temperature stress（field group） actual heat resistance performance, the heat resistance of different types of leek was comprehensively evaluated by multivariate statistical analysis（variance analysis, principal component analysis, membership function method and cluster analysis） methods.【Result】Under high temperature stress of 38 ℃,the maximum leaf growth length and the newly increased biomass of 9 leek germplasms of the three types in Guangxi were extremely significantly decreased compared with their proper temperature control（CK）（P＜0.01）.The largest decline was the type of large-leaved leek, and the smallest decline was the type of fine-leaved leek. Chlorophyll content decreased to different degrees, of which the largest decline was the type of leek with large leaves, and the smallest decline was the type of leek with thin leaves. The content of MDA increased to different degrees, of which the largest increase was the type of leek with large leaves, and the smallest increase was the type of leek with thin leaves. Pro content increased to different degrees, of which, the largest increase was the type of leek with thin leaves, and the smallest increase was the type of leek with large leaves. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the heat tolerance of the three kinds of local leek germplasm resources of leek in Guangxi was ranked as follows: leek with thin leaves＞leek with broad leaves＞leek with large leaves. Germplasm G（No.2016451159） and Germplasm I（No.2016453604） had the strongest heat tolerance among the nine leek germplasms, and Germplasm C（No.SC20191200） had the weakest heat tolerance.【Conclusion】The maximum growth length of leaves, new aboveground biomass and the content of chlorophyll, Pro and MDA contents were used as the evaluation indicators of heat tolerance of leek germplasm resources, the heat tolerance of three kinds of leek germplasm resources in Guangxi can be ranked as follows: Leek with thin leaves＞ leek with broad leaves＞leek with large leaves by variance analysis, principal component analysis, membership function and cluster analysis. Germplasm G and germplasm I were determined to be more heat-resistant, while germplasm C was the least heat-resistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nine species of angiosperms are reported as new records from Guangxi, China. They are Machilus cicatricosa S. Lee, Portulaca quadrifida L., Pisonia aculeata L., Helicia yangchunensis H. S. Kiu, Rhynchosia minima (L.)DC., Jasminum rehderianum Kobuski, Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor., Zeuxine ovalifolia L. Li & S. J. Li and Cyperus javanicus Houtt. Detailed morphological description and field photos are provided, and the citation and geographical distribution of each species are also listed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stephania kwangsiensis, a vine plant of the Stephaniaceae family, is mainly spread in Guangxi, China. The medicinal part(root tuber)of S. kwangsiensis, "Jin Bu Huan" in Chinese, is often used for sedative, insecticidal, anti inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiviral and antibacterial, as well as for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In order to make full use of the plant resources, clarify its chemical constituents, and find the relevant active compounds, the methanol extracts of non-medicinal parts of this plant were isolated using various chromatographic methods such as positive phase Sephadex LH-20, positive phase silica gel, positive phase polyamide, and MCI gel CHP-20P. The structures of the isolated monomer compounds were determined by MS, ¹H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and other spectral data analysis, as well as comparison with relevant literatures. The activities of the isolated compounds from S. kwangsiensis against bacteria(Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis)and fungi(Fusarium oxysporum)were evaluated using filter paper method. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 10 compounds obtained from the non-medicinal parts of this plant were identified as vomifoliol(1), grasshopper ketone(2), isocorydine(3),2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-D-arabinitol(4),(9S,12S,13S)-trihydroxyoctadeca-(10E,15Z)-dienoic acid(5), magnoflorine(6), corchoionoside C(7), tormentic acid(8), corydine(9)and crebanine(10). Among them, compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 were isolated from this plant for the first time, compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8 were firstly obtained from this genus plants, and Compound 4 was found from natural products for the first time.(2)At concentration of 6 mg·mL-1, compounds 1, 2 and 5 showed weak antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli; Compound 2 exhibited weak antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus; compounds 3 and 8 displayed weak antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis. In conclusion, the non-medicinal parts of Stephania kwangsiensis contain large numbers of active components and have the potential of development and utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reproductive organs are of great significance in taxonomic studies of bamboo plants. In this paper, Latin and Chinese supplementary descriptions are provided for flowering branches and reproductive organs characteristics of bamboo species Bonia amplexicaulis distributed according to observed flowering condition and anatomical observation results of the collected specimens in Mashan County, Guangxi. By comparing the floral characteristics of the reproductive organ structures of Bonia species B. saxatilis, B. parvifloscula and B. amplexicaulis, the three species have the same reproductive organ structure characteristics, but there are differences in the number and size of florets. The comparison of reproductive organs shows that the reproductive organs of Bonia species have special adaptability to karst geomorphic environment, supports that they are independent species according to the differences of nutritive organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to analyze the effects of pesticides fertilizer application on the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in sugarcane during inter-tillage period, and their production effects at jointing and maturity stages, so as to provide reference basis for scientific application of pesticide fertilizer in sugarcane.【Method】In this study, sugarcane cultivar Guiliu 05/136 planted in winter was taken as the research material. Referring to the production standard of sugarcane with high yield and high sugar in Guangxi, six different kinds of pesticides fertilizers with nutrient ratios and pesticides components were applied to sugarcane production during the inter-tillage period（from tillering stage to late tillering stage） as different treatments, and they were named as A,B,C,D,E and F,respectively. From May to October, the conditions of major plant diseases and insect pests in sugarcane seedlings under different treatments, and the growth rate of sugarcane plants at elongation stage were investigated. The yield traits were investigated at maturity, and the agricultural output value of sugarcane under different treatments were also analyzed.【Result】Application of pesticides fertilizer with N, P2O5, K2O≥30%（A,B,C,D and E treatments） promoted sugarcane tillering, appropriately applying with organic matter in which（B and D treatments） had better effect. At the same time, the smut and borer pest also got better control in sugarcane seedling. The pesticides fertilizer containing organic matter had a better indirect effect on smut, and which containing chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam could prevent and control borers in best. In addition, the application of pesticides fertilizers containing organic matter（B,D and F treatments） could not only promote the elongation of sugarcane stem in advance, but also promote rapidly growth for plants, and to form more millable canes, then increase their yield per unit area. Under the premise of the same cost of fertilizer, the agricultural increased of sugarcane treated with different fertilizer reached by 2118.62-9199.31 yuan/hm~2, among which D treatment had the highest value added.【Conclusion】The application of organic-inorganic compound pesticides fertilizer during the inter-tillage period have positive effect on the control of diseases and insect pests of sugarcane seedlings, and the control effect is closely related to the content of medicinal ingredients and nutrient ratio of fertilizer. The tillering of sugarcane can be effectively promoted by applying medicated fertilizer, which could also effectively improve the effect for sugarcane production, and two kinds of which the component of 35% N, P2O5, K2O content（17-7-11）,0.10% insecticide, 0.10% thiamethoxam, 3% organic matter or 30% N, P2O5, K2O content（13-6-11）,30 mL Durui, 0.10% thiamethoxam, 15% organic matter are more beneficial to increase sugarcane production efficiency, thus it is the best for sugarcane cultivation in Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore effects of different shading models on tea garden habitat and the quality of summer tea, to find out the suitable shading models for tea trees, so as to provide theoretical basis for the production of high-quality summer tea in Guangxi. 【Method】In summer of 2020, Jinxuan was used as the test variety, and black shading net was used as the shading material and 4 shading treatments T1（60% shading+1. 3 m shed covering）, T2（60% shading+1. 8 m shed covering）, T3（75% shading+1. 3 m shed covering） and T4（75% shading+1. 8 m shed covering） were set, with no shading as the control（CK）. Cultivation experiments of different shading models were carried out in tea garden, and the tea garden habitat index（illumination intensity, air temperature, air relative humidity and soil temperature） and the quality ingredients index of tea（chlorophyll, tea polyphenol, amino acid, vitamin C, water extractive, caffeine） were analyzed. 【Result】Different shading models could effectively reduce the illumination intensity, air temperature and soil temperature, increase the air relative humidity, improve the habitat of tea garden and improve the quality of summer tea. Effect of treatments T3 and T4 on improving tea garden habitat were better than those of treatments T1 and T2. After 25 days of shed covering, the total chlorophyll contents of summer tea were T3>T4>T2>T1, which significantly increased by 79. 66%, 56. 13%, 28. 24% and 17. 31%（P<0. 05, the same as below） compared with CK, respectively. The tea polyphenols contents were T4T3>T2>T1, which significantly increased by 14. 67%, 10. 67%, 5. 78% and 4. 00% compared with CK, respectively. The proportion of essential amino acids in amino acid components were T4>T2>T1>T3, which were 2. 85%, 2. 75%, 1. 77% and 1. 59% higher than that of CK, respectively. The ratio of tea polyphenol to amino acid were T4T4>T1>T3, which significantly increased by 13. 74%, 12. 73%, 10. 01% and 8. 31% compared with CK, respectively. The water extract contents were T4>T2>T3>T1. In comparison with CK, the water extract contents of T4 and T2 treatments significantly increased by 65. 53% and 16. 00%, T3 treatment decreased by 3. 92% but did not reach significant difference（P>0. 05, the same below）, while T1 treatment decreased significantly by 5. 28%. And there were no significant differences in caffeine contents between shading treatments and CK. 【Conclusion】The model of 75% shading+1. 8 m shed covering can significantly improve the habitat of tea garden and improve the integrating quality of summer tea. This model is recommended as a supporting technology for the high quality summer tea production to be extended in Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor conditions, and quite differences in seasonal climate environment in coastal sandy land makes it difficult for plants to survive. Ipomoea pes-caprae is an important sand-fixing plant widely distributed in southern coastal sandy land. In order to explore the adaptation mechanism of I. pes-caprae to environmental changes in different seasons, the seasonal changes of its leaf physiological traits were studied. In this paper, I. pes-caprae grown up naturally in coastal sand of Guangxi was taken as experimental material, and the physiological indexes such as the contents of chlorophyll, the contents of osmotic substance, antioxidant enzyme activities and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the I. pes-caprae leaves in different seasons were measured, and the correlation analysis and principal component analysis were also carried out. The results were as follows:（1） Chlorophyll contents had the same trend with season changes, which was significantly higher in spring than those in other three seasons, but chlorophyll a/b had no significant change among seasons.（2） Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters also had the same change trends, which were significantly higher in summer and winter than those in spring and autumn.（3） Proline content increased gradually with seasons, and reached the highest level in winter. Soluble sugar content in winter was significantly higher than those in other three seasons. There was no significant differences in malondialdehyde（MDA） contents among seasons.（4） The activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and catalase（CAT） in spring were significantly higher than those in other seasons, but there was no significant differences among summer, autumn and winter. There was no significant differences in peroxidase（POD） activities among seasons.（5） There was a certain correlation between physiological indexes and climate factors by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Temperature and sunshine duration significantly affected the contents of soluble sugar. Chlorophyll contents and antioxidant enzyme activities could better reflect the response of I. pes-caprae leaves to seasonal climate change. To sum up, the chlorophyll a/b can be kept stable by adjusting the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and meanwhile, the contents of osmotic adjustment substances and the activities of antioxidant enzymes can improve it to adapt to seasonal changes, among which photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes system are the key factors affecting its seasonal adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to analyze the blocking effect of different blocking inhibitors on cadmium（Cd） and arsenic（As） in heavy metal contaminated rice fields and their effect on the yield of different varieties of rice, in order to provide a reference basis for the screening of rice varieties with low accumulation of heavy metals and the production of safe rice.【Method】Using the field test method, 16 Guangxi main planted late rice varieties were planted in the soil with high risk of heavy metal pollution, and two kinds of inhibitors, selenium-inhibitor and silicon-inhibitor, were tested for heavy metal control. The Cd and As contents in the rice samples of each variety were measured, and the blocking effects of different blocking agents on Cd and As and the yields of different varieties of rice were compared and analyzed.【Result】The Cd and As contents of the 16 rice varieties differed significantly, among which five varieties, namely, Shenliangyou 8386,Guang 8 you jinzhan, Fengtianyou 553,Guixiang 12 and Guang 8 you 169,had lower Cd enrichment ability, and four varieties, namely, Yexiangyou 703,Hengfengyou 666,Guang 8 you jinzhan and Yexiangyou lisi, had lower As enrichment ability. The yield of each rice variety sprayed with selenium-inhibitor and silicon-inhibitor was significantly improved, with an average yield increase of 6.5% and 5.4%,respectively, compared with the control（CK）. After spraying selenium-inhibitor and silica-inhibitor, the Cd content of rice of 16 rice varieties was lower than 0.200 mg/kg, and the average content was 0.119 and 0.125 mg/kg, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of CK（0.189 mg/kg）. The average contents were 0.119 and 0.125 mg/kg, which were 37.03% and 33.33% lower than those of CK（P<0.05）. The mean As contents of rice were 0.197 and 0.185 mg/kg, respectively, which were not significantly different（P>0.05） compared to CK（0.186 mg/kg）.【Conclusion】The test results show that there are significant differences in the adsorption capacity of different late rice varieties of rice for heavy metals Cd and As.Foliar spraying of selenium and silicon inhibitors in Cd-contaminated rice fields can significantly improve rice yield and also significantly reduce the Cd content of rice, but has no significant effect on reducing the As content of rice. The five low Cd accumulation rice varieties, namely Shenliangyou 8386,Guang 8 you jinzhan, Fengtianyou 553,Guixiang 12 and Guang 8 you 169,can be promoted and planted in local Cd contaminated rice fields, and the four low As accumulation rice varieties, namely Yexiangyou 703,Hengfengyou 666,Guang 8 you jinzhan and Yexiangyou lisi, can be promoted and planted in local As contaminated rice fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to provide a scientific reference for drought prevention and disaster avoidance of sugarcane production, the temporal and spatial characteristics of sugarcane drought in different growth period in Guangxi were analyzed in recent 60 years. [Method] Firstly the development period of sugarcane, soil data and meteorological data from 1961 to 2020 in Guangxi were collected for the study. Under major concentration for effectiveness of precipitation and dynamic change characteristics of crop coeffi cient, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of sugarcane drought in growth period were analyzed by linear and periodic analysis method and spatial station technology basing on crop water deficit index. [Result] The interannual drought incidence was the highest in maturity stage, followed by stem elongation stage, and the least in seedling stage and in tillering stage. Light and medium drought are mainly in seedling stage, tillering stage and stem elongation stage. Heavy and extreme drought are mainly in maturity stage. During the study period, there was no obvious linear change trend in the interannual drought incidence at all levels and with a periodic change on the scale of 2 - 5 years. The years of occurrence were mainly in 1970s and 1980s. In terms of spatial distribution, in the seedling stage light drought and medium drought were mainly distributed in the west and south of Guangxi. The occurrence frequency of light drought was less than 40%. The occurrence frequency of medium drought was less than 30 % . The occurrence frequency of heavy drought was less than 10 % and its distribution range was small. In the tillering stage, light drought occurred in all over the region. The occurrence frequency in the southwest of Guangxi was the highest, generally between 21 % and 40%. Medium drought was mainly distributed in the southwest of Guangxi and the occurrence frequency was less than 10% . The occurrence frequency of severe drought was less than 10 % and its distribution range was small. In the stem elongation stage, mild drought was distributed in the whole region with the occurrence frequency between 11 % and 70%. Medium drought was mainly distributed in the northeast of Guangxi with the occurrence frequency between 21 % and 60%. Heavy drought was mainly distributed in the northeast of Guangxi with the occurrence frequency less than 20%. There was no extreme drought in the seedling stage, tillering stage and stem elongation stage during the study period. In the maturity stage, light drought, medium drought, heavy drought and extreme drought were distributed in whole study region. The occurrence frequency of light drought was less than 30%. The occurrence frequency of medium drought and severe drought were less than 40%. The occurrence frequency of extreme drought was the most and its distribution was wide. The regions with high extreme drought occurrence frequency were mainly distributed in the center, south and east of Guangxi with the occurrence frequency between 31 % and 50%. [Conclusion] The light and medium drought are the main drought in the seedling stage, tillering stage and stem elongation stage of sugarcane in Guangxi during the sugarcane development. The heavy and extreme drought is the main drought in the maturity stage. In the maturity stage of sugarcane, the heavy and extreme drought occur once every 2 - 3 years in the center, south and east of Guangxi. The regions above should be get more attention for drought prevention and disaster avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective] The presnet paper aimed to understand flowering habits and pollen fenility of Pueraria lobata, and provide reference for improving the success rate of P. lobata cross pollination. [ Method] In Longzhou county, Guangxi, the bud development process of P. lobata inflorescences were observed every day after it was formed, marked the inflorescences that were about to open in the full bloom period, continuously observed the blooming process of the flowers and recorded the blooming time and weather conditions of the day. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TIC) staining and 12 -KI staining were used to detect pollen activity of P. lobata at different bud stages ( half stretch period, presentation period, half period and blooming period), and the pollen with the strongest pollen viability was selected to carry out the pollen germination test according to the pollen viability measurement results. [ Result] In Longzhou county, Guangxi, P. lobata began to flower on October 16, reached the flowering stage on October 20, and the last flowering stage was from November 2 to November 5. The flowering time of P. lobata was mainly from 15: 10 to 15 :40 every day, and the flowering powder was affected by the weather conditions. Flowering was early when the weather was clear and the temperatute was high, while flowering was delayed when the temperature was low and cloudy and rainy. The pollen activity of P. lobata in different bud stages ( half stretch period, presentation period, half period and blooming period) detected by 12 -KI staining method were 82. l %,95. 3%,93. 5% and 92. 7%,respectively, which were significantly higher than TIC staining method ( P <0. 05, the same as below), and it was more suitable for the detection of the pollen activity of P. lobata. Most of the anthers of the P. lobata flower have already loosened their powder at the beginning of the presentation period, and the stigma was wrapped with large amount. The pollen vitality in the presentation period detected by 12-KI staining was the highest, reaching 95. 3%, which was significantly higher than the other three stages. The pollen quantity and pollen vitality remained at a high level from half stretch period to blooming period. In the medium containing 15 % sucrose, the germination rate of P. lobata pollen was the highest( 36. 23 % ), which was significantly higher than that of the other three sucrose concentrations. [ Conclusion]The 12 -KI staining method can quickly detect the pollen viability of P. lobata. The pollen viability of P. lobata was maintained at a high level from half period to blooming period, and the germination rate was the highest in the medium containing 15% sucrose in sunny weather. 12 -Kl staining method can be used to detect pueraria pollen viability rapidly. Pollen viability of P. lobata remained at a high level from bud opening stage to blooming stage, and pollen at a suitable period could be selected for cross-pollination according to weather conditions to improve the success rate of cross-pollination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective] The present paper aimed to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of Bradysia difformis in oyster mushroom plantations, and analyze the sampling techniques of field investigation, so as to provide scientific basis for monitoring B. difformis and formulating control programs. [ Method] From March to May in 2020, a dense checkerboard sampling method was used to investigate oyster mushroom in Yuhui Edible Fungus farm, Santang town,Xingning district, Nanning, Guangxi, by counting the number of adults attached to the hyaline board suspended at the sample points, the flight altitude of the adults of B. difformis was determined. The spatial distribution pattern of B. difformis was determined by frequency distribution method, aggregation index method, Taylor's power function method and lwao linear regression analysis method, and the spatial distribution pattern of B. difformis adults in ostreatus planting canopy was determined. The error rate and fitness of different sampling methods were calculated by simulated sampling method. [ Result] In the ostreatus shed, the number of adults adhered to the armyworm plate at 10. 00 cm above the fungus pouch was the largest, which was significantly higher than other heights ( P < 0. 05) . The x2 values of negative binomial distribution in the three surveys were 23. 680, 31 . 410 and 21. 740, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the actual and theoretical frequency test results of negative binomial distribution ( P > 0. 05 ) . The x² values of negative binomial distribution in the three surveys were consistent with negative binomial distribution. The dispersal index ( C > l. 000 ), negative binomial distribution index(O < K < 8. 000 ),clustering index ( 1 > 0 ), clustering index ( m */ m> 1),and spatial distribution pattern of the adults were aggregation distribution. According to m • -m regression model and taylor power fitting model, the basic component of adult population distribution of B. in mushroom shed was individual group, which was attracted to each other, and the individual group belonged to aggregation distribution, which was consistent with the aggregation index method. Among the fitness comparison among different sampling methods the Z-shaped sampling method(5. 72% ) and the diagonal sampling method ( 5. 71% ) had the lowest error rate, and the theoretical sampling number model was N = ( t² / D² ) ( L 4741/ m + 0. 3824 ) . [ Conclusion] In the ostreatus planting shelter, the flight height of the adults of B. difformis was mainly concentrated at 10. 00 cm above the pouch, and the spatial distribution was dominated by a highly concentrated negative binomial distribution. The ideal sampling methods for field investigation of B. difformis were Z-shaped sampling method and diagonal sampling method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To clarify the pathogenic fungus of passion fruit stem rot and its biological characteristics, and to provide theoretical basis for its scientific prevention and control. [Method] This paper used the conventional isolation method of phytopathogenic fungi to isolate the stem-base rot pathogen of passion fruit collected from Guangxi under different ecological conditions. The morphological characteristics were observed and the pathogenic traits were determined. The rDNA-ITS sequences were analyzed to identify the pathogenic fungus causing passion fruit stem rot. [Result] The same morphological strain 32-WUB3 was isolated from typical pass ion fruit stem rot symptomatic plants collected from various pass ion fruit planting bases in Guangxi. After morphological, molecular biological and pathogenicity tests, Lasiodiplodia theobromae was identified as the causal agent of passion fruit stem rot. The mycelial growth rate of the pathogen was high at 28 and 30°C. The colony diameters were 8. 27 and 8. 31 cm, respectively, which were extremely significantly higher than those at other temperatures (P < 0. 01, the same as below). The fastest mycelial growth was under full light conditions, with a colony diameter of 8. 49 cm. Its diameter was extremely significantly higher than that of colonies in total darkness, and significantly higher than that of colonies in half light and half darkness (P < 0. 05, the same as below). The optimum pH for mycelial growth was 3. 00 - 8. 00. In this pH range, the mycelium grew faster and the colony diameter reached 8. 10 - 8. 44 cm. The difference between treatments was not significant( P > 0. 05), but there was a significant difference in colony diameter from pH 9. 00 to 11. 00 for each treatment. Mycelium grew the fastest in PDA medium. Its colony diameter reached 9. 00 cm, which was extremely significantly higher than the colony diameter of other media Mycelium grew the fastest when the car bon source was glucose. The colony diameter reached 7. 78 cm, which was significantly higher than the colony diameter of other carbon sources. The mycelium grew the fastest when the nitrogen source was yeast powder. The colony diameter was 7. 13 cm. The nitrogen sources as followed were peptone, DL-alanine, L-arginine and glycine. The differences among the treatments were not significant, but all were significantly higher than the colony diameter with beef paste, urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, L-lysine and CK as the nitrogen source. The mycelial lethal conditions of this pathogenic mycelium were 52°C and 10 min of treatment [Conclusion] L. theobromae is the causal agent of stem rot of passion fruit The suitable temperature for mycelial growth of this pathogen was 28 - 30°C, pH was 3. 00 - 8. 00, lighting was full light, and the medium was PDA The carbon source was glucose, the nitrogen source was yeast powder, and the mycelial lethal condition was treatment at 52°C for 10 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use change is a long- term process with certain complexity. The traditional transfer matrix method can only compare the two phases of land use data, but cannot summarize the long-term overall change law. The frequent itemsets method cannot derive the sequence trajectory. To overcome the shortcomings of these methods, this paper proposes a land use change model based on sequence model. According to the actual characteristics of land sequence data and the vertical format sequence pattern SPADE algorithm, taking Guangxi, China as an example, we calculated the sequence of 22 secondary land use types in 7 periods from 1970s to 2015. The results show that, in the 35 years, land use types changed in 6.58% of Guangxi, and the change areas were mainly concentrated in roads, towns and settlements; the top 3 types of land use change 1-sequence support degree in Guangxi are {wood land}, {other wood land} and {sparse forest land}, and the support degree values are 0.5109, 0.3810 and 0.2333, respectively. The top 3 types of the 2-sequence support degree are {wood land, other wood land}, {other wood land, wood land} and {sparse forest land, wood land}, and the support degree values are 0.2040, 0.0699 and 0.0640, respectively. The top 3 types of the 3- sequence support degree are {sparse forest land, other wood land, wood land}, {sparse forest land, wood land, other wood land} and {high coverage grassland, wood land, other wood land}, and the support degree values are 0.0065, 0.0044 and 0.0031, respectively. The land use change 3- sequence {with forest land, other woodland, and other construction sites} has a support degree of 0.0007. The land use change in the study area mainly occurs in forest land, and some forest land is converted into construction land types such as mines, quarries and traffic roads; urban land is mainly converted from dry land and paddy fields; there is no land unit converted into paddy fields during the study period. The land use change sequence analysis model proposed in this paper can calculate the sequence of multi-period land use change as a whole, and make up for the shortcomings of studying land use change from a long-term scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, more than 160 granitic plutons have been confirmed to form in Caledonian ( including Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian), since Longhui and Shangyou plutons in Jiangxi were firstly found in the 1950s. Among them, only 14 plutons are genetically related to the polymetallic mineralizations (major W with minor Mo, Cu, Sn, and Au), and 11 plutons are related to the REE mineralizations. Previous studies on Caledonian granites were mainly concentrated on the characteristics of petrology, geochemistry, and tectonic dynamics, but hardly on the mineralization. Based on 800 mineralization and crystallization ages, the data of wholerock elements of 1 248 samples, the whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopes of 428 samples, and the zircon Lu-Hf isotopes of 2 352 analytical spots, which were collected from 280 papers and theses, four main conclusions about metallogenic characteristics of Caledonian granites were summarized as follows: CD 440- 420 Ma is the peak of magmatic activity and metal mineralization; @ Metallogenic granites are mainly focused in Dayaoshan and north-northeast areas of Guangxi, and their source materials and differentiation degrees are all different with each other; @ REE forming granites are primarily concentrated in Wuyi and Nanling areas, and most of the former experienced the metamorphism, but the latter did not; © Compared with Ordovician and Devonian granites, Silurian granites have the largest distribution area, the broadest lithologies, and the complicated source materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant worship is an ancient and rudimentary form to respect nature and life. In order to understand the influence between the unique national folk plantworship and biodiversity conservation in Baise, Guangxi, ethnobotany investigation methods were utilized in this paper to investigate the cultural characteristic of plant worship. The effects of folk plant culture on the conservation of biodiversity were discussed from various aspects like nature worship, The effects of unique national folk plant, life etiquette and traditional medicine. The results are as follows: There are rich national folk plant culture connotation and biodiversity in Baise. The national folk plant which have been worshipped in Baise belong to 28 families, 47 genera and 53 species. Among them, Rosaceae and Leguminosae are the most abundant species, which contains 5 species respectively, the following are Mulberry and Gramineae, containing 4 species respectively. Arbor plant is the dominant life forms, accounting for 39 species of 73.58% of the total number of species. There are 11 species of herbage, making up 20.75% of the total number of species. The rest 5.67% are 3 species of shrub. Out of all these species, four of them can be found in the Information System of Rare and Endangered Plants in China within the List of National Level Ⅱ Plants, which are Phoebe bournei, Burretiodendron hsienmu, Erythrophleum fordii, Toonaciliate. In addition, five of them belong to the provincial and municipal(local)level Protected Wild Plants List, namely Machilus thunbergii, Cyclobalanopsis kouangsiensis, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Caesalpinia sappan, Dalbergia hupeana. These plants form various plant communities, which plays an important role in promoting the protection of plant diversity in the Baise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective J The present paper aimed to explore the diversity and distribution rules of soil microbial community of Annona squamosa Lour. after the infection of root rot, and provide a reference basis for the screening and identification with A. squamosa pathogens of root rot. [Method J Samples of A. squamosa rhizosphere soil infected with root rot (infected rhizosphere soil) and healthy rhizosphere soil (healthy rhizosphere soil) were collected. Using high throughput sequencing technology and designing primers of ITSl and 1154,sequenced the fungal ITSl and bacterial V3 + V4 regions, and analyzed the structure and diversity of the phylum, class, order, genus, and species level. [Result] After infection with root rot, the number of fungi in its rhizosphere soil increased greatly, and the number of bacteria decreased. The classification of fungi in rhizosphere soil belonged to 2 kingdoms,5 phylum, 16 classes,36 orders,48 families,81 genera and 96 species. The classification of fungi of healthy rhizome soil belonged to 3 kingdoms, 7 phylum, 17 classes, 43 orders, 73 families, 113 genera and 160 species. The community richness and diversity index of the rhizosphere soil microorganisms decreased compared with healthy rhizosphere soil, along with fewer types of soil fungi, and uniform distribution of soil fungi. After 4 days, medium and radioactive strains were formed on PDA medium; the strains formed medium, radioactive gas bacteria; colony diameter 4. 5 cm, bacteria flat spread, full edge, round, white, gas bacteria velvet. Rhizosphere soil pathogen strains were amplified using trial primers, the results showed that the displayed strain ITS sequence and Fusarium acutatum (accession number: AY569567. 1) had 99. 45% homology, indicating the amplified ITS segment sequence (RRD- 1) was parts of F. acutatum sequences. [Conclusion] The community richness and diversity index of root soil microorganisms decreased greatly compared with that of healthy soil, and the types of soil fungi in pathogenic plants were less, and the uniformity increased. After pathogen morphological observation and biological comparison, the pathogen that caused root rot of A. squanwsa in Guangxi might be F. acutatum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 1 147 specimens of Brachytheciaceae from 24 counties(cities)in Guangxi were studied. After identifying and reviewing related literatures, 11 genera and 44 species were confirmed. Among them, the genus Pseudokindbergia and seven species, Brachythecium procumbens, Oxyrrhynchium latifolium, O. vagans, Pseudokindbergia dumosa, Rhynchostegiella sinensis, Sciuro-hypnum populeum and S. reflexum, were newly recorded in Guangxi. In this paper, a revised checklist of Brachytheciaceae of Guangxi was provided. And the morphological characters, habitats, geographical distribution of the new records were also described in great detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aimed to analyze and evaluate the agronomic characters of cowpea varieties, and provide reference for screening cowpea varieties suitable for cultivation in N anning and its surrounding areas. [ Method] A comparative experiment of six cowpea varieties was carried out in Suwei Town, N anning City, Guangxi. Thirteen agronomic characters including double pods rate, high yield, pod longitudinal diameter, single pod weight and disease resistance were measured, and the correlation, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation. [ Result] Correlation analysis showed that the number of branches per plant was the main reason affecting the number of seeds per pod and the number of main stem nodes. The length and width of pods were restricted by double pod rate and commercial pod rate. The rate of commercial pods and the number of main stem nodes had the greatest influence on single pod weight, and the increase of plant incidence would lead to the decrease of single pod weight. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of variance of 13 agronomic characters of Guixiang No. 1, Gannong Chaoxnan and Chaoyue 708 ranked the top 3, and their comprehensive scores were 80. 37165,57. 56157 and 30. 08979,respectively. The top three varieties with comprehensive scores were Treasures No. 5,Jindou No. 8 and Taicheng Qianfeng, with comprehensive scores of -44. 20257, -50.45963 and -73. 36081, respectively. Cluster analysis showed that six cowpea varieties could be divided into two groups at the Euclidean distance of 15, among which Guirong No. 1, Gannong Chaoxnan and Chaoyue 708 in I group were characterized by high yield and strong disease resistance. Treasures No. 5, Jindou No. 8 and Taicheng Qianfeng of the second category had precocious characteristics. [Conclusion] Cowpea varieties Guijin No. 1, Gannong Chaoxnan and Chaoyue 708 have good performances in Suxu Town,Nanning City, Guangxi in yield and disease resistance, and are suitable for large-scale planting in Nanning and its surrounding areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guilin is the place where the traditional villages of Guangxi gather. These villages have characteristics, such as several well-protected villages, a high degree of gathering, and a great distribution density. This paper studies the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Guilin and relevant influencing factors by adopting geography and statistics theories. First, the spatial distribution characteristics of traditional villages in Guilin are determined via GIS. Then, among natural and cultural factors, the five elements of terrain, climate, economy, population, and transportation are synthetically analyzed by SPSS. Also, the zoning patterns of the areas affected by natural and cultural factors are determined, respectively. Following this, the zoning patterns of areas affected by natural and cultural factors are found. The main map shows the impact factors of traditional villages in Guilin by superposing the two subareas. At the same time, it discusses the quantitative relationship among various influencing factors in each zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to explore the effects of heterogeneous habitats on the nutrient element content and their stoichiometric characteristics of invasive weed Alternanthera philoxeroides in Guangxi and Henan Province, providing reference for the biological invasions control and agricultural safe productions. 【Method】We collected samples in plots where A. philoxeroides continuously invaded more than 100 m2 in Laibin city, Guilin city of Guangxi Province and Xinyang city of Henan Province, measured the total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as calculated their stoichiometric ratios. Meanwhile, we recorded the longitude, latitude, elevation, annual mean temperature and annual mean precipitation, using the methods of regression analysis and redundancy analysis(RDA) to explore the ecological effects of environmental factors. 【Result】(i) The average content of total C(380.319 mg·g-1) of A. philoxeroides in study area was relatively lower, while the contents of N(33.825 mg·g-1) and P(1.802 mg·g-1) were all higher than that of terrestrial plants in China. N:P>16 indicated the growth of this invasive plant was mainly restricted by P. Spatial variability of K content of A. philoxeroides(6.424 mg·g-1) was low.(ii) The increases in temperature and elevation significantly increased the total P and P:K but decreased N:P. The increases in longitude and latitude significantly decreased the total P and P:K but increased N:P. The trend of P:K mainly depended on the content of P. Habitat fluctuation resulted in the weakened absorptions of N, P while A. philoxeroides assimilated the C.(iii) Higher stoichiometric stability of C:K and N:K of A. philoxeroides were helpful to maintain the invasion advantage in changeable environment. 【Conclusion】The stoichiometric characteristics of A. philoxeroides were significantly influenced by heterogeneous habitats at large spatial scales, thus, we should make appropriate bio-control measures according to these characteristics of different habitats, for effectively formulating the invasion spread of this noxious weed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on literature, field work, collection, examination and identification of related specimens, the genus Tupistra Ker-Gawl. (Asparagaceae) is revised and three species are recognized in Guangxi, China. Among them, Tupistra cardinalis Aver., N. Tanaka & Son is a newly recorded species to China. In this paper, a detailed description of T. cardinalis, the photographs and geographical distribution of the genus in Guangxi and a key to all the species recognized in China are given. The voucher specimens are stored in Herbarium of Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants(GXMG)and Herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Botany (IBK). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to compare overall characteristics of Sterculia nobilis Smith strains plantation in southwest Guangxi and provide a reference basis for qualified S. nobilis Smith strains screening and species cultivation.【Method】Comprehensively compare and investigate the flowering and fruiting habits,agronomic traits,stress resistance,and economic traits of six excellent strains of S. nobilis Smith planted in southwest Guangxi(NY2,LH2,SK14,SJ30,BJ32,and BJ33),and evaluate other traits,including yield and fruit quality,of the six strains by DTOPSIS.【Result】There were some differences in flowering and fruit habits,agronomic traits,stress resistance and fruit traits among different lines. Among them,SK14(14.86 kg) and BJ33 strains(14.50 kg) showed the highest yield per plant,without significant difference(P>0.05,the same as below),which were significantly higher than the other four strains(P<0.05,the same as below).No significant differences were found in yield per plant among the four strains. The single fruit weight of SK14(65.3 g) was the heaviest,extremely significantly heavier than that of NY2,LH2 and BJ32 strains(P<0.01,the same as below),and significantly heavier than that of SK14 and SJ30 strains. BJ32 had the highest seed production rate(58.6 %),which was extremely significantly higher than NY2,SK14 and SJ30 strains,and significantly higher than BJ33 strain. The single seed weight of SK14 was only 5.90 g,which was extremely significantly lower compared with the other five strains. The differences among the five strains were not significant. NY2 had the lowest pod boring rate(5.2 %),extremely significantly lower than SK14 strain,and significantly lower than LH2,BJ32 and BJ33. The starch content of SK14 was the highest(65.899 %),which was very significantly higher than that of NY2,LH2,SJ30 and BJ32 strains. The soluble sugar content of BJ32 was the highest(27.496 %),extremely significantly higher than that of NY2,LH2 and BJ33 strains,and significantly higher than that of SK14 and SJ30 strains. The soluble protein content of SJ30 was the highest(11.808 mg/gFW),which was very significantly higher than that of BJ33. No significant differences were found in soluble protein content among SJ30,NY2,LH2,SK14 and BJ33. DTOPSIS evaluation demonstrated that BJ33 had the highest score,C_i was 0.8336,and the optimal comprehensive characters.【Conclusion】BJ33 has strong tree vigor, high yield, filled fruit, big seed, high seed production rate, good quality and taste. It has the optimal comprehensive evaluation and can be developed as good S. nobilis Smith variety. SK 14, BJ 32 and NY2 has fine performance on single trait, and can be used as genetic resources in variety improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beckmannia Host and Tripogon Roem. et Schult. of Poaceae are reported as two newly recorded genera from Guangxi, China. There are two species and one variety of Beckmannia in global, which are widely distributed, including one species and one variety in China. A species, B. syzigachne(Steud.)Fern. is found from Guangxi for the first time. There are about 30 species of Tripogon in global, and majority species are distributed in Asia and Africa, including eleven species in China. A species, T. filiformis Nees ex Steud. is found from Guangxi for the first time. Detailed morphological description and photos of the two newly recorded genera and species are provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With socio-economic growth, arable land fragmentation has increasingly become a serious obstacle to agricultural development, in terms of waste of scarce land resource, need of intensive labor input, obstruction of application of machineries, increasing production cost and reducing land use efficiency. Land consolidation has widely been taken as a necessary approach for solving this problem. In the context of rural revitalization, it is of great significance to explore novel patterns of land consolidation besides traditional government-dominated pattern. The objective of this paper was to expound on the mechanism and examine the effectiveness of a new land consolidation pattern, namely the farmer-dominated pattern of “merging small plots to large plot”, emerging in the rural area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, in hope of making contributions to innovations on land consolidation, rural land reform, and rural revitalization. Methods of semi-structured interviews, quantitative models, and case studies were adopted. This new pattern combined a BOTTOM-UP process of land tenure adjustment, land consolidation plan, design and engineering, spontaneously carried out by farmers, with a TOP-DOWN financial support from government, which was conditional on meeting the requirements of high-standard basic farmland construction. Before “merging small plots to large plot”, land fragmentation affected agricultural output, production cost and land use efficiency by directly or indirectly acting on input factors of land, labor, capital, technology among others in arable land use system. While “merging small plots to large plot” could reallocate land parcels and readjust land tenure, enhance the coordination and mutual adaption of various input factors, hence promote the alignment of productive forces and relations of production. In the case study of Nongnong Village, farmer-dominated land consolidation pattern increased the area of arable land through filling earth ditches and merging field ridge, dramatically reduced plot number through merging small plots, significantly improved arable land use efficiency and agricultural productivity through infrastructure construction such as roads and irrigation facilities and agricultural machineries application. Furthermore, this new pattern substantially increased farmers’ income through adjustment of cropping structure and transfer of rural labor into non-farm employments. It was concluded that farmer-dominated land consolidation pattern was a typical model of the BOTTOM-UP land consolidation by the farmers combined with the TOP-DOWN supervision and support by government, could effectively solve the problem of arable land fragmentation and promote optimization and coordination among various input factors of arable land use system, and proved itself as an effective approach to bridge the gap between smallholders and modern agriculture characterized of industrialization and mechanization, which could contribute to rural revitalization and be extended to other regions in China as well as other developing countries. Three insights are suggested to extend this innovation pattern. First, central and provincial governments should issue policies to address the legitimacy problem concerning farmers self-organized land merger and consolidation and to provide financial supports for construction of farmland infrastructures. Second, village elites should play an important role as facilitators, coordinators, or brokers in whole process. Third, a special work team on site, comprised of village cadres, village elites, representatives of all clans and interest groups, should be assembled to deal with conflicts of interests and ensure the synergy of multiple interests and objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the shortages of the RBFNN network structure and initial data center being difficult to objectively determined, this paper put forward using two searching density peak clustering algorithm(TSDPCA) to find data center value and number as the initial parameters of RBFNN and the number of hidden layer nodes quickly, and finally used gradient descent method of optimization the structure of RBFNN and various parameters to set up precipitation forecast model, which was applied in forecasting monthly rainfall of Guangxi, aiming at testing the effectiveness of the model. The result shows that the mean relative error of TSDPCA-RBFNN forecasting is decreased by 10% ~ 35% compared with K-RBFNN and OLS-RBFNN model, which has better prediction performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the "power seizure" stage of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China (1966-1976), there were different levels of armed conflicts which happened in all parts of the country. This phenomenon of power seizure mainly occurred among mass organizations and most of them were initially incidental armed conflicts. As the struggle for "power seizure" accelerated, all armed conflicts also rapidly escalated. The scale of the conflict was evolved from rival mass organizations' violent fights to battles between military units, the usage of weapons were upgraded from sticks and stones to machine guns and cannons, and the conflict areas spread from the inland military regions at the outset to important strategic positions of remote areas in later stage. How did these violent conflicts lead to thousands of people being killed? Why did they develop into such a large scale? Who were behind the scenes to manipulate the conflicts? And what relationships existed between the conflicts and the PLA armed forces of "supporting left"? This paper starts with the above questions to investigate the most violent conflict in Guangxi during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. It also reveals the cover up relating to the fact that more than 100,000 people were killed during the stage of "power seizure" and at the creation of all levels of Revolutionary Committee in Guangxi province in southern China. This paper contributes to uncovering the truth and the reasons of armed conflicts during the Cultural Revolution, which is still deliberately covered up by the Chinese Communist Party today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]