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This paper aims to investigate a linguistic issue related to Sari Al-Deen Al-Durori (d. 1066 A.H), a renowned Arab linguist in the 11th century of the Islamic calendar. Despite being relatively unknown to modern scholars and researchers, this linguist has left behind a valuable knowledge legacy and held a significant scientific standing among his contemporaries. The focus of this study is on 'Baiti A-Raqmatain', a topic that has been subject to various interpretations by Arab linguists, including grammarians. In this paper, the author presents ten different perspectives addressing the problems in 'Baitia A-Raqmatain'. Additionally, the author introduces a syntactic interpretation and meaning, along with three new opinions that have not been previously discussed in the literature. I was inspired to write on this topic after reading several valuable manuscripts by renowned Arab scholars covering various areas of knowledge. Among them, I came across the works of Sari Al-Deen Al-Durori, an Arab intellectual who, in my opinion, has not received the recognition he truly deserves. Sari Al-Deen Al-Durori was a prominent scholar of the 11th Hijri century and has left behind a scientific heritage that is worthy of study and research. The study is divided into two sections. The first section focuses on discussing the author himself, including his background, birth and death dates, his jurisprudential and doctrinal school, scholarly reputation, influential teachers, disciples, and written works. Within this section, I also delve into the manuscript itself, examining its attribution to Sari Al-Deen, the author's methodology, language and style, as well as its form. I conclude this section with a comprehensive systematic review of the investigation. The second section of the study is dedicated to the transcription and documentation of the analyzed texts, including commentary, following commonly accepted investigation rules. I wrap up this section by providing a list of references used throughout the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Objectives: Definition of regular editors and their types. And knowing what is required to protest it. And to highlight the strength of its authority in the Saudi system and Islamic jurisprudence. Research Methodology: I adopted the pairing approach between the original and comparative approaches, by extrapolating the largest possible number of research sources and their advanced and late references. And the obligation to present issues in the Saudi system, then in Islamic jurisprudence, and then compare them. When dealing with controversial issues, the subject of dispute is edited, then the sayings are presented in proportion to their utterers according to the chronological order of the four schools of thought with their evidence, then the weighting and its reason. The most prominent results: The Saudi system is very much in agreement with what is stated in Islamic jurisprudence. Moreover, the editors are a systematic term that corresponds to the papers written in Islamic jurisprudence. The Saudi system of ordinary papers that are not prepared for proof and whose authenticity is confirmed are proven authentic before the competent authorities with conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to present the views of jurists on waqf money and Financial papers and related issues such as waqf the movable and the common and the joint, and the interim, Then explained the direct and indirect purposes of these waqf. The study then presents the most important contemporary types of this kind of waqf. The study concluded by talking about the experience of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in this field, through a statement of the position of the legal legislation and the opinion of the Department of Al'iifta. And then exhibit three models of applied reality. The study found that a team of previous jurists, who believe that money can be waqf, while collecting contemporaries agree on allowingwaqf money and Financial papers. And that there are contemporary forms of this kind of waqf, Jordan has a modest experience in this area. The study recommends finding ways to promote and encourage culture in this type of waqf, and establishing a national fund to waqf money and Financial papers aiming at the reconstruction of Waqf real estates to response society needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study basically aimed to identify how the Egyptian paper and electronic newspapers dealt with phenomenon of child abduction in Egypt in terms of form and content, and to identify the issues raised by the newspapers in the context of their discussion of phenomenon of child abduction. The problem of the study lies in the main question: How do the Egyptian paper and electronic newspapers deal with the phenomenon of child abduction during the period from January 2013 AD to January 2018 AD? The study is one of descriptive studies, it used the survey method, the comparative method, and the content analysis tool to collect data, and it represents the community of the analytical study in All the issues issued by (Al-Ahram & Al-Wafd) newspapers as samples of newspapers, and (Mesr al-Arabiya, alMesreen) newspapers as representatives of e- newspapers, In the period from January 2013 AD to January 2018 AD, in order to represent one of the most stages which the cries gone through, however, the total study sample of the newspapers reached (240) per newspaper, and one of the most important reasons for choosing this period of time is spread of phenomenon of child kidnapping in this period. The study found that the journalistic treatment to the problem, provided by the study newspapers for the phenomenon, was far away from ethics and standards of professional Journalistic practice. The study recommended giving attention to treatments of an explanatory and investigative nature and strengthening the status of opinion writing in Egyptian newspapers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of studying this contract is to establish the legal nature of the bank’s responsibility when it fails to collect the value of the commercial paper, and to know the role and direction of the judiciary in that respect. The study relied on the element of analysis and education in a brief scientific way. The purpose of the study is to examine the legal basis for the Bank’s responsibility in the collection contract and the general provisions for this responsibility resulting for it, and to cover that responsibility in all its aspects. The study relies on the analytical method in order to achieve the purpose and objectives of the research, where the legal texts will be analyzed and practical results will be reached. In this research legal texts will be analyzed to reach scientific results, the study also reached results, including that there was no regulation from the Jordanian legislator for the collection, in addition to the overlapping of the agency and deposit contracts in the collection contract and that the bank’s responsibility towards its client is a contractual responsibility due to the nature of the relationship between them. The research recommends that the Jordanian Trade law should include special texts dealing with the collection contract, and that the judiciary be more present while evaluating the nature of the relationship and the basis of responsibility between the bank and its client, and it should be clearly stated that the bank may require the disqualification of itself from the liability resulting from collection contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mauritanian written press has gone through several stages during its historical journey and has not been isolated from the political situation of the country, but has been subject to its perception of what His Majesty should be, since its appearance during the French colonization of the country, and after the creation of the national state in the sixties of the last century, passing through the period of the military regime before the declaration of political and media pluralism in the country in 1991 and the consequent dilution of the journalistic field, where the door was opened wide to excessive leniency in obtaining a press license, as well as some major obstacles, such as lack of funding, training and harassment of journalists. However, this did not prevent this press from playing at that time the role of watchdog over the executive power by awakening public opinion on the conduct of public affairs and by revealing many hidden social and political problems that the public opinion would not have been aware without the pioneering role of this written press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creativity becomes an absolute necessity in this present era, so it is not something complement or dispensable, but an absolute necessity imposed by the challenges of the day, so university students are responsible for all the changes in all communities; for their enthusiasm and intelligence. Moreover, we have to educate our university students the flexible learning which enable them, How to learn? not What to learn? We have to educate them how to deal with modern technology, and also to create. Creativity is the process of developing your imagination, allowing and helping you thinking differently. By training your brain on how to think creatively; this will help you to create, solve problems, innovate, and to communicate with new ways. The last but not the least, the most important skills of creative thinking is the following: fluency, flexibility, and originality. In the end, the modern theories focus on explaining the process of creativity of being the result of creative environment, the characteristics of the creative person, and the creative output, so the important ways for developing creativity are: miscellaneous reading, produce greatest numbers of ideas, and dispose of negative thoughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives The aim of this present study is to review the effects of antibacterial properties of oak fruit, inner husk of oak fruit, and Jaftex mouthwash. Subjects and Methods The present study is a narrative literature review conducted using electronic databases such as ISI, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and IranMedex from 1995 to 2019. The keywords that were searched included “Oak fruit”, “Oak tree”, “Jaftex mouthwash”, “Antibacterial”, “Antimicrobial”, and “Microorganism”. Results Review of previous studies showed that oak fruit, Jaft, and Jaftex mouthwash have antimicrobial properties against different microorganisms. Jaftex mouthwash significantly reduced number of microorganisms in mouth, however it had less antimicrobial effect compared to chlorhexidine. Jaftex had a greater inhibitory effect on bacterial growth than Matrica and Persica. Conclusion Oak fruit and Jaft have antibacterial properties which is related to presence of phenols, tannin, proteins. Various studies confirmed antibacterial property of these types of plants. The antibacterial characteristics of Jaftex mouthwash is mainly related to Jaft extract. Jaftex is recommended as an antibacterial mouthwash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify how the development of information and communication technology reflects on both public relations and international public relations studies, by monitoring, analyzing and comparing the most important research trends, theoretical approaches and methodological frameworks for a sample of digital public relations research, and public diplomacy in the new media era. This paper is an analytical description, following the qualitative and quantitative methodology as needed, in which researchers used the second-level analysis (Meta analysis) to reach a series of results, most notably that the sample of Arab studies in the field of digital public relations seemed somewhat fragmented; the majority of were descriptive studies, the depths of the phenomenon have not been explored in depth, or in terms of the dispersion of the theories and approaches despite the similarities in the variables studied by that research, or even the weakness of some of them in the use of theories applied in the analysis of phenomena, as well as the disappearance of the theory from another. While the sample of studies in the field of public diplomacy has been characterized by entrenched, coherent, and knowledge accumulation, development in information and communication technology has confused practice itself, not the structure of scientific studies, and scientists see it as a positive confusion, that drives toward the need to develop practice with a greater chance of success if foreign public interests, culture, and perspectives are taken into considerations, consistent with theories: excellence and dialog, in addition to the forth model of Grunig. However, the researchers noted that the sample of public diplomacy studies was immersed in the obsession with studying the practice and application of public diplomacy, focusing on criticized and developed the practice rather than studying of the masses and the means. Most of public diplomacy studies in the sample used content analysis, in quantitative studies, or in qualitative studies. The public diplomacy still lacked its own theoretical frameworks, but because of its close to strategic political communication and its interest in the study of the communicative; They use the "Agenda setting" and "framing" theories and their combination as a theoretical input have been the most common. Also there was a significant use of Four models of public relations of the use of the four models of Grunig, mainly the two-way asymmetrical and symmetrical models, excellence theory, and the theory of dialog in many public diplomacy studies, owing to the emphasis that public diplomacy should be viewed as international public relations, and that public relations theories have been scientifically proven to be used in public diplomacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If previously there were only writings on paper, now it is possible that these writings take an electronic form which has been accepted by the legislator as a means of proof in the same way as writing on paper. However, this could only be possible if certain conditions, linked mainly to the authenticity of the writing, its reliability, and its integrity, are met. Thus, it is now conceivable that a conflict will arise between the written evidence: evidence written on paper and written in electronic form.A conflict that could create difficulties to the judge in his work of comparison between these two means to prevail over one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Iraqi National Library and Archive continues its uniqueness in collecting, organizing and preserving Iraqi intellectual productions of all kinds, as it is the institution responsible for performing these tasks, because it includes the National Library first and the National Center for Preserving Documents second. The research aims to study the reality of the house with a focus on the shift towards digitization, as the house includes many sources of information of different types and for several periods and eras in the history of Iraq. Being the national institution responsible for depositing all kinds of Iraqi intellectual production, and it has entrusted the task of issuing the Iraqi national bibliography. Over the course of its establishment, the house was subjected to calamities that made it lose a large number of its assets, the last of which was the US occupation of Iraq in (2003 AD), where the major catastrophe occurred. After that, the management of the house sought to shift towards digital and turned to requesting the help of national governmental, non-governmental and international institutions in order to provide assistance and advice in order to preserve the assets of the house first and then providing the best services to the beneficiaries secondly, and since (2004 AD) the house started the procedures for transferring part of its documentaries and other sources of information on compact discs, and then made it available to the beneficiaries as well as making other types available on the website of Aldar, including its versions of periodicals. One of the results of the research is the weakness of the allocated financial capabilities, which led to the weakness of the structures Infrastructure that helps in the transition procedures towards digitization in advanced stages, he presented some legislation, and among the recommendations is the necessity of having an adequate budget to carry out the tasks of preserving Iraqi intellectual production as well as providing the best services to beneficiaries at the international and national levels. Legal Deposit Section in all forms and in various media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to shed light on the big data projects in BA as well as analyze the validity of the documentary environment in BA for using big data tools to benefit in the future from the vital data in BA's records. The researcher uses the case study and concludes that BA entered the era of big data through cultural-knowledge projects related to the web environment. Moreover, the research shows that the readiness rate of BA's documentary environment to utilize big data tools is (72%) ―if the researcher depends only on assessing the digital and paper records environments without records 2.0. But in the case of accounting the assessments of records 2.0, the digital and paper records' environments together, the readiness rate of BA's documentary environment to use big data tools decreases to (59%). Finally, the study recommends that BA must improve the regulatory reality of its records so as not to lose an essential source of big data in the future. Furthermore, BA can cooperate with institutions that have a background in dealing with(using) records as a source of big data to benefit from their experiences in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to analyze the questions of the Arabic language examinations of Sijil Tinggi Agama Malaysia (STAM) for three years from 2013 to 2015 in the light of Bloom's Taxonomy levels. In this study, the researchers relied on the analytical descriptive approach. The number of exam questions for grammar and morphology in Malaysia's STAM certificate was 222. The study found that the questions on the level of understanding came first in the exam questions for grammar and morphology, with 93 questions or 42% of the total. While the level of remembering came in second place with 62 recurrences or 28%, followed by the questions on the level of analysis, with a frequency of 34 questions or 16%. The level of application came last, with 33 recurrences or 14% of the total. The two levels of evaluation and creativity were not showing any frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the reality of Mauritanian women's participation in the labor market, aiming to highlight the challenges that hinder their entry into this market. It also studies the economic and social indicators contributing to women's participation in the labor market, including demographic changes, workforce developments, women's participation rates in economic activities, unemployment trends, and educational advancements among women. The paper concludes that Mauritanian women's participation in the economic field remains below expectations, alongside their limited involvement in managerial positions. It also notes that women predominantly work in the agricultural sector compared to their low representation in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to research Israeli Haredi parties through engaging in theoretical discourse and critique of prevalent assumptions regarding their nature and relationship with Zionism. It addresses a fundamental question concerning the shift towards extremism within these parties, employing an interdisciplinary approach and analyzing their electoral discourse. The paper argues about the centrality of Haredi parties and their impact on Israeli decision-making, asserting that recent extremist stances within these parties do not represent a transformation but rather a reproduction of discourse which reveals the essence of Israeli Zionist colonization. This is closer to giving religiosity to Zionism more than endorsing Haredi parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to answer a pivotal question: Can the Al-Aqsa Flood change the regional and international equations of conflict? The paper attempts to foresee paths towards peace post-Al-Aqsa phase, viewing the projection of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict as closely linked to past events and negotiations. The paper deconstructs its contents and statements to reveal their failure and collapse. It argues that the Al-Aqsa Flood brought the Palestinian issue back to the forefront of global attention after it was forgotten. It was an attempt to confront the Zionist project, and a direct response to Israeli policies, and a rejection of the shifting geography of normalization and its extensions in defense of Palestinian rights to land, Jerusalem, and the return of refugees. These are issues delayed by the Oslo Accords and denied by the Deal of the Century, undermining the Palestinian cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective understanding of today's events in occupied Palestine requires grasping the roots of the problem with its civilizational, religious, and cultural dimensions. This paper addresses the multifaceted dimensions of the Palestinian cause and the Arab-Israeli conflict, analyzing its historical roots, geopolitical challenges, and persistent obstacles that have hindered reaching a just and sustainable comprehensive solution. It highlights continuous violations of Palestinian rights, Israeli settlement expansion at the expense of Palestinians, with particular focus on the recent war in Gaza. The paper emphasizes the urgent need to address outstanding issues and concludes by contemplating the future of the Palestinian cause in light of the possibilities raised by the Al-Aqsa Flood, Israeli responses, shifts in regional dynamics, and the importance of restoring Palestinian unity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the global protests that condemn the war on Gaza following the Al-Aqsa Flood on October 7, 2023. These protests were unprecedented in their broad scope and innovative forms. The paper argues that this protest movement is fundamentally memorydriven, as it represents an extension of the 2019-2020 demonstrations against racism and colonialism, utilizing and reusing mnemonic media and symbols. In contrast, this global surge of memory is facing official suppression of protest dynamics, employing mnemonic strategies used by authorities within memory policies. This is prominently illustrated through the German model, characterized by practices of silence, forgetting, and accompanying repressive measures falling under a culture of cancellation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the continuity and change in US-Israeli relations through examining US foreign policy towards Israel's war on Gaza. The paper argues that changes in US policy towards Israel are limited to means alone, and that American support for Israel is based on two pillars: first, the principle of endorsement and protection; and second, that of rooting and sustainability. Therefore, President Joe Biden's policy and his administration cannot be separated from those two pillars, and Biden's doctrine does not diverge from them either. The paper concludes that the determinants of US policy towards the war on Gaza are shaped by conflicting factors of American interests, regional determinants, internal pressures, and Israeli interests in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is based on the linguistic meaning of extremism, which is defined by the dimension and the end of the middle, which shows that in every hypothesis or theory, in each constant or variable in which the eyes and positions are divided into three main axes, two extremes and a moderate medium whose attributes are proven And the decision and moderation in thought and behavior, and by adopting the advantages in both parties , and the rejection of the negatives in them, and as the distance from the center increases attitudes and trends negative and turbulent; because they lost this distance to the medium until reaching the end of the parties On the other hand, the extremes in the negative attitudes increase or decrease according to the distance between them and the center . The division in this equation is threefold, but the negatives in the extreme left, and the corresponding ones by cons in the extreme right will be generated by the fourth - party outside of all of this equation; because it rejects all axes altogether, it is my view to the middle of the eye charge and inaction, and to the party yen opposite of the eye negatives and evil, and here lies the danger of this kind great harm, and this What the researcher will try to prove in his folds These papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper initially examines in detail the story of prophet Moses suffering from a knot in his tongue, since childhood, hindering his ability to speak fluently. This story is transmitted by many tafsīr (exegetical) sources in the context of certain Qur'ānic verses revolving around the tales of the previous nations. Being unable to interpret such passages accurately, commentators of the Qur'ān either give references form the external external sources or related such stories on the accounts of newly converted Muslims such as Abdullāh b. Salām, Wahb bin Munabbih and others. This is, exactly, the challenge that this paper intends to tackle. To do so, it deals with the lofty qualities of prophets the likes of presevertion from repulsive diseases and congenital and moral defects. Then this study moves on to the core of the research investigating the flaws attributed to Moses, peace be upon him, including the speech impediment. Then it covers the story of the knot mentioned in the Book of Exodus, followed by the same topic approached in both Qur'ān and Sunnah. The method of this research includes both critical and analytical subjects. The significance of the paper lies in the substantially devient impact the issue of knot left on the religious culture of Muslim umma, diverting it from the reality of the matter and making many outsiders view the Islamic religion as a religion of naivety and backwardness. One of the most significant results of this research is the fact that Moses's tounge was perfectly flawless and defects free. In fact, his linguistic talent was never burned by coal in the first place; not to mention that, subsequent to receiving the mission of prophethood, he turned to his Lord for the elimination of the speech imediment. Not only was he rewarded by the removal of the knot but he was also endowed with extraordinary eloquence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architecture was initially defined as the functional art specialized in the concept of shelter. However, over time, deeper ideas emerged emphasizing the importance of producing creative and distinctive architecture that possesses beauty and humanity. Architecture became the material embodiment of a manifested message. With the advent of the digital revolution, a new thought and philosophy known as digital forms emerged, spreading widely across various fields, aligning with the requirements of the present era and its evolving trends. The research problem revolves around the insufficient awareness of different patterns in architecture and their relationship with architectural form. The paper aims to enhance this relationship by integrating digital architectural mechanisms into the design process, utilizing this connection to creatively produce architectural forms. The research assumes that establishing a relationship between pattern, form, and digital architectural mechanisms, harnessing them to generate architectural shapes in different ways, may contribute to creating innovative architecture. The research paper is grounded in the primary goal of identifying methods for deducing architectural form and its relationship with architectural references. This is achieved by presenting various patterns and mechanisms used in deducing form and their impact on creating distinctive architecture. The descriptive-analytical approach was employed, exploring different concepts and analytical examples to reach results and recommendations. One of the key recommendations is the necessity of revisiting the essence of architecture as a cognitive source containing a vast number of principles adaptable to the era's variables. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of addressing the concept of pattern and its relationship with other architectural elements to enrich architectural thought and produce more distinguished architecture. The utilization of digital methods in producing architectural forms is highlighted to achieve more distinctive shapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to activate the role of university students in confronting extremist ideas through social media platforms. This manuscript is deemed as a contribution to the theoretical studies within the field of educational sciences. The paper includes the problem statement, the significance, the objectives, the definition of terms, and then the theoretical framework of social media networks. It explores the positive and the negative impacts of social media sites, shedding light on the concept of terrorism, the psychological reasons that cause terrorism, extremism, and the significant damage it causes across various aspects of societal life. The paper also addresses the educational reasons for extremism, leading to proposals and recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no doubt that the writing is one of the largest and most important civilized steps of mankind, because it helped to blogging and transfer of expertise and Sciences from generation to another one. Various writing instruments have represented the main concern for human beings to monopolize and control it from different civilizations throughout history. Invention of paper has been one of the most important achievements of human beings for the dissemination of science and knowledge Different civilizations and nations successive have worked to develop and improve the paper to serve different purposes of writing for more than 2000's years. Paper has sat on top of writing instruments for too long and has become the most important writing material for its' ease of production, multiplicity of raw materials, and its low costs, and although the digital era paper still on the top. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to monitor, describe, and analyze the Arab Communication Studies in crises, through meta-analysis, by analyzing the objective and methodological aspects, theoretical frameworks... etc. The study concluded to a number of general findings such as: 1- The study highlighted the dominance of descriptive studies, then interpretative descriptive studies, exploratory studies, and interpretative studies. 2- The study showed that, the survey method is the dominant approach, then comparative approach, and the case study. 3- The study indicated the dominance of quantitative studies, then qualitative quantitative studies, and qualitative studies. 4- The study revealed that, the questionnaire was the most widely used in data collection, and then the content analysis. 5- The study showed that, the dominant language in the studies is Arabic, and then English. 6- The study found that, the majority of the studies were based on Arabic and foreign references. 7- The study mentioned that, the studies used both paper and digital/electronic references significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to build a training program based on reciprocal teaching method and exploring its effect in enhancing cognitive skills among learning disability students, the sample consisted of 40 male and female students diagnosed as learning disability students, the researchers used semi-experimental design of two groups; experimental and control, results showed that there are significant statistical differences in the cognitive skills between the experimental group and the control group on the post test, for the favor of the experimental group, there were no significant statistical differences in the cognitive skills that could be attributed to the interaction between the gender and the group variables on the post test, there were significant statistical differences in the cognitive skills between the experimental and the control group on the following test, for the favor of the experimental group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research aims to highlight the role of social networking sites in the dissemination of scientific knowledge and the importance of their use by researchers, and the researcher relied on the descriptive approach and the survey method. Among the data collection tools are the questionnaire and paper and electronic sources. Among the most important results that the research came out with: The number of the subscribers’ sites was (14) sites, and the most used social sites for receiving and Disseminating Scientific knowledge are: Facebook, Telegram, WhatsApp, Viber, Messenger and YouTube. All respondents receive tacit knowledge (Exchange of Messages and News) through social networking sites, and few of them do not receive explicit knowledge (Exchange of Electronic Information Sources). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the Sudanese political economy from independence till after December 2018 revolution. The paper commences by examining the prominent aspects of Sudan's economic crisis, positing that its political and economic roots lie in Sudanese political economy since independence, characterized by three main elements: urban bias, accountant capitalism, and military dominance. The study analyzes unprecedented developments in Sudanese political economy after December 2018 revolution, which involve institutional bondage among these three elements. It concludes that these developments manifest in the institutional bondage between the Sudanese military and accountant capitalism, and in the formation of institutional bondage between rural elites, militias, and patterns of accountant capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spiritual atheism, which is a dangerous intellectual trend, its roots go back to the sources of esoteric thought which is far from the infallible revelation, derived from ancient roots deep in history, whose beliefs and philosophies have been recast in training templates commensurate with the times and its requirements in order to ensure their spread among the general public. Therefore, this paper was titled: (Justifications of Spiritual Atheism). The objective is to: showing the justifications of spiritual atheism and its risks on the aspect of monotheism. The methodology is to use inductive and criticism methodologies, with gathering the materials from the references, showing the justifications of spiritual atheism, and criticizing the applications on the light of Islamic faith. The researcher has concluded some important findings such as the followings: - The justifications of spiritual atheism is to revive pagan beliefs and esoteric philosophies through new forms that maintaining pace with the modern era, and the appearance of numerous applications and sports with different slogans such as health and wellness applications: yoga, reiki, and macrobiotics. - The applications of contemporary spiritual atheism are contrary to the aspect of monotheism; it includes polytheism in divinity, names, and contributions, and therefore it contradicts the initial principle of faith, which is belief in God Almighty. - The defect when following the spiritual atheism is to understanding the legal texts and following the mystical, interpretive approach, and therefore they have contradicted the approach of the predecessors in understanding the legal texts. - One of the causes for passing on the idolatries of esoteric atheism and its polytheism is calling names by other than their true names and misleading people with that. - Adherence to the approach of the Salaf in dealing with legal texts is the only approach and way to monotheism and correct belief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability is the key cornerstone of development in century. It is the main objective of countries’ the 21st governments, whether developing or developed, despite differences in characteristics and goals of development from one country to another. The study asked how countries can benefit from achieving integration between sustainable development goals (SDGs) with their national development strategies. Therefore, providing a mechanism that helps countries to achieve this integration has become necessary. The research focuses mainly on the establishment of a comprehensive conceptual framework that works to establish sustainable development goals in national development strategies. To achieve this goal, three approaches have been adopted, starting with the inductive approach, which includes the identification of the challenges and elements of sustainability in general, through the analytical approach of three models of sustainable development strategies for Germany, Japan, and Egypt, finally, the deductive approach, which provides a framework that includes tools related to the localization process. This paper was able to provide a framework that contains a set of tools and mechanisms for development decision-makers to establish these goals through a gradual process that includes three main components based on mapping and policies, then coordination and harmonization, leading to monitoring and follow-up. The research concluded that it is essential to integrate the sustainable development goals (SDGs) into national development plans or sustainable development strategies to ensure an integrated and interconnected approach to development and to achieve a balance between social, economic, and environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability Rating System is an important means support building and developing sustainable buildings, with many advantages for their residents and developers, as well as their greater role in supporting and protecting the environment, which is one of the greatest concerns at the national, regional, and global levels. In this paper, Developing Rating System of Water Sustainability was addressed, which aims to assess and give focus and attention to one element of sustainability, it is the sustainability of resources. In the field of water consumption, we can assess the water sustainability of the building, as water is one of the most important natural resources influencing lifestyle, can cause many problems due to water scarcity and regional conflicts. Therefore, the existence and development of such rating system, will shed light and alert to the importance of reducing water consumption at different stages of the building's life, focusing on operational phase, where researchers conducted a field study to develop a two-stage water sustainability measurement tool. The first phase, is the development of Rating System of Water Sustainability, previously proposed by researchers in previous research, through the pattern of expansion of participation, by involving a larger base of specialists and sharing their views in the development of the components of the scale, determining the degree of relevance of each criterion and also the degree of relevance of each detailed category. A group of respondents with diverse scientific and specialized backgrounds was selected, with expertise in the field. The second stage is developed through the experience and application pattern and the measurement test on a study case, which is the housing building of female students at the new University of Sohag. The research concluded that the criteria were rearranged, and the relative weights of each criterion were determined according to its importance. The standard of the building's feeding and sewage systems came in the first order, followed by the standard of consumption outside the building, and then maintenance techniques and detection of water leakage. The case study resulted a lack of use of smart techniques, and the need for a degree of flexibility, commensurate with a wider range of building types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focal interest in this paper revolves around investigating the metadiscourse of memory in the experience of the Tunisian novelist and critic Mohamed Bardi. This line of inquiry has been motivated by the ingenuity and attractiveness of 'memory talk' within this experience. It is a talk that is plotted in a narrative text replete with aesthetic overtones. It is equally corroborated by a critical perspective that is never devoid of originality and exquisiteness. This paper is built around five research axes ranging from the investigation of memory and ideology, memory and existence, memory and writing, memory and forgetting culminating into probing the relationship between memory, imagination and fiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

confiscation and expansion of settlements left no lands for another “state” solution. Hence resistance was a necessity. The paper adopts a comparative approach based on the assessment of wills between the resistance and those who support it versus the American ruler and the Zionist agent and the Western colonialism and their “Arab” cohorts. The paper also monitors and analyzes perceptions of the Al-Aqsa Flood process in terms of intellectual potential and events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing Engineering Systems (MEP) Play a Major Role in Enabling Hospitals to Perform their Functions, and in the Comfort, Safety, and Security of their Occupants. They Affect each other and Influence the Design and Execution of the Building’s Architectural and Structural Elements, including the Layout, Elevations, and Plans, in addition to Aspects Pertaining to Structural Systems or Shafts, and Interior Finishes. The Paper Problem is Apparent through the lack of knowledge Relating to the Requirements of different Engineering Service Systems, and the Unawareness of their Impact on each other or on the Architectural and Structural Elements of the Building. This limits Fully Benefiting from such Systems due to Conflicts between them and the Architectural and Structural Elements, in addition to Hindering Making Appropriate Design Decisions related to Operating them causing Deficient Coordination. This Paper Aims to Develop a Methodology for Achieving Integration between Types of Engineering Service Systems and the Architectural and Structural Elements of Hospital Buildings, Leading to Design Decisions that can Attain the Highest Benefit from such Systems and Ensure their Operational Safety according to their Types, Internal Components, Functional Requirements, and their Impact on the Design Decisions for all the Structural Elements of the Building. This is Performed based on a Theoretical and Analytical Study of the Types and Components of Engineering Service Systems (MEP) and Determining their Impact on the Structural Elements and Architectural Components of the Building. The Paper proposes a Methodology that Comprises 12 Stages to Achieve Integration between Engineering Systems and the Structural and Architectural Elements of the Building, according to the Types and Requirements of each System and its Impact on Design Decisions. A set of Tables are also Developed that Represents a Guideline and include Alternatives to the Different Types of Engineering Systems, their Requirements, and Highlight their Impact on the Structural and Architectural Elements of the Building, including the Layout, Plans, Elevations, and Interior Design Elements, in addition to their Relation to other Engineering Systems. The Results also Highlighted the Large Diversity of Types of Mechanical Systems, and the Significant Influence of Electrical Systems on all other Systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors aim to outline a selection of theories within the field of Islamic marketing. However, it should be noted that this list is not exhaustive nor does it offer comprehensive descriptions of all attempts made towards establishing a theory of Islamic marketing. The primary objective of this paper is not to explore such detailed aspects. Instead, this commentary serves as a call to action, urging researchers to investigate Islamic marketing in a manner conducive to the development of a more refined theoretical framework. It underscores the fact that the subject of Islamic marketing remains significantly under-researched, highlighting the need for scholarly attention and inquiry in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper discusses the reality of electoral governance in Algeria, after the issuance of law No. 21-01 regulating elections, which was issued on March 10, 2021, and the subsequent legislative and local elections in the same year. The paper questions the extent to which governance indicators are applied in the electoral affairs in Algeria through the aforementioned past election entitlements, and the extent to which they are free from aspects of corruption or fraud. The integrity and credibility of elections is considered essential in the democratic process of any country, given that it produces future elites capable of managing people's concerns and hopes, and formulate development strategies that are in the interest of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper deals with “The Impact of the Conditional Style Denotation on the Context Formation in the Debt Verse—Surah al-Baqara 282”. The significance of this study arises from the reasons for choosing it which are based on: first, demonstrating the effect of the conditional style patterns in constructing the denotation of the debt verse context, keeping in mind the diversity of the conditional style, i.e. direct or indirect, and the immediate connection of the debt issue with the life of the individual and the society; second, showing the achieved impact of the conditional style on the structures of this verse and its denotations and the consequently implied legislative provisions that regulate the life of the Muslim society. The paper is divided into three sections of two parts each and a conclusion. The first section discusses the syntactic and semantic functions of the conditional style and the value of the debt verse in the context of its surah, focusing on the denotation of the verse’s internal structure within the framework of its relationship with the general context of the surah. The second section explores the effect of the direct conditional style in the construction of the verse’s context denotation, especially the effect of the two if devices, itha and en, in the denotative construction of this context. The third section explains the contextual effect of the indirect conditional style in the construction of the verse’s context denotation, especially those patterns which are based on request to construct the condition denotation in the context of the verse in question. The most important findings of the paper can be summarized in the following three points: • The conditional style with its variant patterns fits semantically in the context of the general meaning of the debt verse (Surah al-Baqarah 282) which makes it denotatively very miraculous. • The semantic integration between the patterns of the conditional style created a semantic harmony within the context of the debt verse (Surah al-Baqarah 282) which helps to communicate the legislative semantic purpose to the addressees. • The intense presence of the conditional style denotation in the structural context of the debt verse (Surah al-Baqarah 282) came to serve the basic goal for which its context was built. This is integrated with the reciprocal serving of the structures connotations that serve the legislative purpose for which the Wise Lawgiver, Glory be to Him, revealed this verse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global halal industry as a whole has an annual value of approximately 2trillion US dollars, which is now one of the fastest growing markets. At the same time, the global market growth is estimated to reach an annual rate of 20 percent per annum. Halal industry is no longer limited to food and food-related products (rather its scope has now expanded to cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, halal finance, halal tourism, etc.). This paper attempts to review the current realities of the global halal industry by observing the factors that determine the growing demand for the halal industry apart from the opportunities presented by recent global developments in the market. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, this paper has adopted the methodology of analyzing secondary data obtained from various sources. The findings show that there are three major factors driving the fast-growing global halal market. First, a large and growing Muslim population at a rate of 1.8 percent per annum, second, increasing economic growth and hence increasing purchasing power of Muslims. The last is the emergence of a potential halal market in non-Muslim countries and halal industry traders. Moreover halal supply chain can plays a vital role in continuously growing Halaal economy/market if public and private sector show a keen interest in it. As a way forward, industry traders need to deepen their knowledge and understanding of the Muslim market (patterns and behaviours), regularly update data, and address untapped market niches. Along with theproduct sales and promotion should be leveraged. The findings and recommendations of this work will be an excellent resource for future researchers and scholars in related fields as well as policy makers to make their strategic decisions in the areas of halal industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous changing in house prices very rapid and observed in last years which depends on many factors like position, area, population in the city and another requirement for individual house price, there is a lot of articles studied and adopted traditional ways for machine learning in house price prediction accurately but few of them focused on individual performance for complicated models. To explore effected factors in prediction way in this paper we applied traditional machine learning theory to investigate many models due to many limited we take some of techniques like (random forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting and stacked generalization model) and applied on several models to obtain more accurate results for house price prediction. We take Baghdad as a sample for house price and impact factor on difference cities, services, population, area, building age and others we mentioned in our paper by taking and applying machine learning house price prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the foundations of colonial knowledge in the Maghreb countries during the colonial era, and the complications carried by its epistemological legacy in the present Maghreb and Arab- Islamic societies in general. The paper examines the French and Italian colonial cognitive experience in Libya and Tunisia, and its present influence on political thinking and defining events of which these countries are experiencing today. To test this proposition, the paper focuses critical observation on the “anthropological eyes” with which the French viewed the Fezzan in Libya between 1943 and 1947, and the complications of concepts such as tribe and farmer society with their colonial and ethnocentric cognitive content. The paper concludes with sculpting the methodological features that define the conditions for a critical cognitive position that should be taken regarding this legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the Zionist narrative and the changes that have occurred over time ever since the emergence of the Zionist movement. The study starts with a theoretical section on comparative colonial settlement models, definitions of the novel, and its changes between the Zionist novel and others. In the second section, the study discusses the main components of the Zionist narrative, as classified by Bar-On, which are: gathering exiles in the Land of Israel, creating a regional space for Jews there, creating a contemporary reality for the Jewish community, achieving political sovereignty, and finaly the achievement of peace and international acceptance. The paper analyzes the intersections and differences in the novel between political Zionism, labor Zionism, revisionist Zionism (Iron Wall Zionism), and religious Zionism, and across time. The study ends with a summary of its findings, wondering about the possibility of the Zionist narrative continuation in light of the cracks it is exposed to, both internally and externally. The study is heavily based on Zionist references, and Jewish ones in particular, in order to deconstruct the narrative from within. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tracks the rise of German dominance since Bismarck’s unification of Germany in 1871 and during the 20th century, when the Germans used their economic, demographic, and military power in addition to geopolitical theories, particularly the vital space theory, to support expansionism. The «German question» evolved in the wake of the two world wars as the European States’ main concern was how to maintain a peaceful, powerful Germany. Following the Ukrainian war, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz declared Germany’s goal to have the greatest army in Europe, modernize military industries, and allocate 100 billion Euros for the defense budget. Accordingly, as strong Germany, historically, has always sought to dominate its neighbors, the paper examines the possible scenarios for the rise of Germany and its dominance over the European Union. What will be the repercussions of Germany’s rise on the future of the European Union and its institutions, and the potential incentives for cooperation and collaboration among European nations? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Realism theory, this paper provides an explanation of the importance of power in International Relations, by analyzing the behavior of China and Japan in the East Asian region, and also the behavior of the United States of America towards them as the dominant superpower under the current international system. It answers the problem of the transfer of power from the West to the East, and in return supports the assumption that the Great Powers seek to possess relative power as much as possible. The paper also emphasizes that the State should not undermine or renounce its offensive power, as with Japan, because that will put it in front of a dilemma of the growing the power of neighboring States that seek to achieve regional hegemony, such as China. Therefore, all of these transformations show that international relations are a complex field and should not be reduced to a specific ideal field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The year 1787 witnessed the birth of two eminent Arab scholars who left their intellectual and literary marks on the reform currents in the Arab World as well as on Western Orientalism: Muhammad bin Ali al-Sanusi (d. 1859) and Hussein Saleem al-Dajani (d. 1858). Both spearheaded local resistance movements against French occupation at opposite ends of the Arab World and, at the same time, engaged European intellectual currents. They later became the subjects of study of famous Orientalists including the French polymath Constantin de Volney (1757-1820), French explorer Henri Duveyrier (1840-1892), Scottish historian H. A. R. Gibb (1895-1971), and the English anthropologist E. E. Evans-Pritchard (1902-1973). This paper examines how cultural contact and conflict, especially that springing from European political designs, shaped al-Sanussi and al-Dajani’s respective contributions to Arabic literary and intellectual life in the 18th century. Their lives and work show both the absorption of values associated with the European enlightenment and the assertion of a religious and intellectual identity which resists the European hegemony. The author builds largely on the work of the eminent Arab scholar, the late Ahmed Sedki Dajani, and his compilations of Arab-European intellectual exchanges about that period. This paper contrasts al-Sanussi and al-Dajani’s ideas as expressed in their own words with their significance as presented by European writers. It aims to bring to life a literary era where ideas flowed between Western and Arabic cultures without erasing the power dynamics therein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of currency traces its roots back to the earliest stages of human civilization, where various modes of exchange, ranging from barter to metal-based transactions, shaped the landscape of trade. The initial practice of direct goods exchange, known as barter, was succeeded by the Commodity System, wherein specific items served as mediums of trade. The Metal System further streamlined transactions through the use of metal coins, although it presented its own set of challenges. The shift from physical commodities to symbolic representations of value marked a crucial turning point, leading to the introduction of paper currency as a means to address the complexities associated with metal-based transactions. Notably, historical records indicate widespread acknowledgement of the legitimacy of these evolving exchange systems by Muslim scholars. However, a pivotal moment arose in 1971 when paper currency detached from tangible assets like gold and silver, sparking diverse opinions among Muslim scholars regarding its compatibility with Shariah principles. In the contemporary era, the landscape of currency has expanded to include credit cards and digital currencies as alternative mediums of exchange. The advent of these modern methods has prompted ongoing discussions among scholars about their Shariah status. This article delves into the historical trajectory of currency evolution and explores the diverse perspectives within the Muslim scholarly community regarding the Shariah compliance of both traditional and contemporary forms of currency. By doing so, it aims to shed light on the intricate and multifaceted nature of exchange systems throughout history and in our present times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disruptive behavior disorders in children and adolescents are among the important disorders in the field of child and adolescent psychopathology, especially since they are known for their ability to stabilize and develop, forming more severe patterns in terms of symptoms and impact on the individual and society. Accordingly, this research paper aims to identify these disorders by clarifying their forms and clinical characteristics, while highlighting the factors that contribute to their emergence according to the explanatory mechanisms of attachment theory based on its basic principles and concepts, while clarifying the relationship of attachment patterns and the emergence of these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to clarify the concept of “crisis” and investigate its descriptive capacity in light of events and developments on the Libyan scene. It aims to provide a clearer understanding of this concept and proposes theoretical approaches to understand the Libyan crisis and test its current and future effects, including traditional and non-traditional approaches such as the Marxist conflict approach, the organic functional approach, and Edgar Morin’s crisis science approach. One of the main concerns of this paper is considering the Libyan crisis as interconnected stages through a long chronological sequence. This attempt represents an implicit approach to unraveling the Libyan situation, albeit not in-depth, considering the nature of complexity and branching that the Libyan crisis suffers from. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Germany seeks to gain the approval of Israelis as much as possible, even if it means doing so on the ruins of a genocide being committed against the Palestinian people, exposing Germany’s contradiction as it tries to atone for its Nazi past by supporting “Semites”. This paper provides a narrative of the historical relationship between Germany and Israel, as Germany contributed to the establishment of the state of Israel and enabled it to possess the necessary power to maintain its existence. Germany has consistently sought to appease Israel, going so far as to link Germany’s existence to Israel’s security, without neglecting the influence of the United States in shaping this relationship between them as it stands today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metric spaces form a subfamily of topological spaces, or some appropriate non-empty spaces. The fixed point can, almost always, be found using the Picard iteration (the most widely used fixed point iteration), as one can start from any initial point 0-x in space. Finding fixed points for mappings depends mainly on the settings of the studied spaces, which are defined using some intuitive axioms. Different classes of generalized spaces and several contractions will yield new dynamic research areas and thus different types of uniform fixed point conjectures at once. Most of the effort expended on fixed point theory has been directed at specifying a variety of applicable and easily verifiable sufficient conditions for fixed point problems. The paper consists of a variety of advanced discussions and contemporary topics on metric fixed point theory and its applications to present the feasibility of the results. The research framework undoubtedly contains pure theoretical mathematics. We explore the ideal combination of relaxed conditions to prove our new theorems and realization of the idea in full detail to prove all the results obtained using different, applicable and high-tech proof modes. The results of this research are theoretical and analytical in nature. This study follows the recent trend and latest development in the analysis of metric fixed point theory, and provides a very sound basic text on this theory. This research brings together selected chapters on modern topics of fixed point theory and its applications, each of which is divided into several sections, numbered gradually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]