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In order to scientifically analyze the current situation and development trend of water resources conservation and intensive utilization in irrigation areas, taking the People’s Victory Canal irrigation area in the Yellow River Basin as an example, this paper used the TOPSIS evaluation method combining with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and entropy method to evaluate the water resources conservation and intensive utilization, which was divided into four subsystems of agricultural water use, domestic water use, ecological water use, and industrial water use. A comprehensive evaluation of water resources conservation and intensive utilization was conducted, and obstacle factors were identified. The results show that the overall level of water resources conservation and intensive utilization in the People’s Victory Canal Irrigation Area is “medium”, and shows an upward trend. The closeness of water resources conservation and intensive utilization in Yuanyang County, Yanjin County, Weihui City, and Xinxiang County is relatively higher. Agricultural water consumption rate, popularization rate of water-saving irrigation equipment, per capita grain yield, and other agricultural water use indicators are the main obstacles to water resources conservation and intensive utilization in the irrigation area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the influence of heavy rainfall on July 20, the large flood discharge of Changzhuang Reservoir has a significant impact on downstream flood control risk, especially the safe flood discharge in the inverted siphon section of Jiayu River in the downstream is directly related to the safety operation of the main cannel of the Middle Route of the South to North Water Transfer Project. In this paper, firstly, the process of flood inflow and flood discharge caused by heavy rainfall on July 20 was calculated through reservoir operation records, and the flood discharge and inundation information was obtained by integrating multi-source image data during flood discharge. Then, the terrain data of the downstream analysis area of the reservoir was obtained based on UAV aerial photography and motion recovery structure technology, and the inundation of the downstream of the reservoir during the heavy rainfall on July 20 was inversely analyzed with the aid of two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. By simulating and analyzing the characteristic data of the submerged depth, duration and submerged velocity at the inverted siphon of Jiayu River, the safety of the inverted siphon of Jiayu River during the heavy rainfall on July 20 was studied and analyzed, and the flood risk caused by the flood discharge of Changzhuang Reservoir was comprehensively assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide reference for the green, low-carbon and high-quality development of agriculture in the yellow river basin, this paper uses the carbon emission coefficient method to calculate the agricultural carbon emissions of nine provinces（autonomous regions）in the yellow river basin from 2010 to 2020 on the basis of considering the matching factors of water and soil. kaya identity and lmdi decomposition model were used to decompose the contribution of each influencing factor to the change of agricultural carbon emissions in the yellow river basin, the results showed that:a)The agricultural water-soil matching degree in the yellow river basin showed a fluctuating upward trend from 2010 to 2020, and its spatial and temporal differences were large;b)The agricultural carbon emissions in the yellow river basin showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2017, and decreased significantly from 2018 to 2020, There are great differences in agricultural carbon emissions among provinces（autonomous regions); c) From the perspective of the basin as a whole, the main driving factor of agricultural carbon emissions is the economic output of agricultural water resources, and the main inhibiting factor is the intensity of agricultural carbon emissions. the main driving factor and the main inhibiting factor of agricultural carbon emissions are different in each province（autonomous region); d) The use of water and soil resources is closely related to agricultural carbon emissions, the effects of agricultural water-soil matching degree and agricultural water resources economic output on agricultural carbon emissions are positive and negative in different years and provinces, and the reasons need to be further studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore an effective way to improve the coupling and coordination between ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, build a high-quality development evaluation index system including five dimensions of innovative development, coordinated development, green development, open development and shared development, and an ecological evaluation index system including three dimensions of ecological environment resources, ecological environment carrying capacity and ecological environment management and based on panel data from nine provinces (regions) in the Yellow River Basin from 2002 to 2021, the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method was used to calculate the high-quality development index and ecological protection index. Then it calculated the coupling coordination degree and the decoupling index of the two and analyzed the coupling coordination level, decoupling state and its temporal and spatial changes. The results show that a) from 2002 to 2021, the level of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin has been improved and the trend of change is steadily improving. However, the issues of uneven high-quality development in the western region lagging behind the eastern region, the larger differences in ecological protection among the provinces (regions) and the fragile ecological environment have not been fundamentally changed. b) The coupling coordination degree between ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin fluctuated significantly before 2010 and the coupling coordination level was basically imbalanced. After 2010, the coupling coordination degree has been steadily improved, and the coupling coordination level is gradually shifted from primary coordination to good coordination and high-quality coordination. However, there are significant differences in the coupling coordination degree and coupling coordination level among different provinces (regions) . c) The decoupling state between ecological protection and high-quality development in the nine provinces (regions) of the Yellow River Basin from 2002 to 2021, in a few years, it is an expansion connection or weak decoupling, and most years experiencing unsatisfactory strong decoupling, strong negative decoupling, weak negative decoupling or declining coupling. At the end of the research period, most provinces (regions) experience a decline in high-quality development level accompanied by a strong negative decoupling state of improved ecological environment. This paper puts forward the path to enhance the coupling coordination between ecological environment protection and high-quality development of strengthening the flow of industrial development factors, accelerating industrial transformation and upgrading, and promoting the development of digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide reference for the formulation of relevant policies for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, this paper started from the perspective of the dual coupling of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin to build separate evaluation indicator systems for development quality and ecological protection. Then, it calculated the development quality index and ecological protection index of each province (autonomous region) in the year 2020 by using entropy method. It built a two-dimensional quadrant model of ecological protection and development quality with the national average development quality index and ecological protection index as the coordinate origin. Based on the distribution of each province (autonomous region) in the two-dimensional quadrants, it determined the coordination status of ecological protection and high-quality development. The results show that there is significant variation in ecological protection and development quality among provinces (autonomous regions) in the Yellow River Basin, with prominent issues of imbalance and inadequacy. Using the national average development quality index and ecological protection index as benchmarks, considering a development quality index higher than the national average as high quality and an ecological protection index higher than the national average as good ecological quality, the coordination status of ecological protection and high-quality development in the various provinces (autonomous regions) of the Yellow River Basin is classified into four types of excellent ecology-high quality, excellent ecology-low quality, low ecology-low quality and low ecology-high quality. The results show that only Sichuan is in a relatively ideal state of excellent ecology-high quality, while the other provinces (autonomous regions) are in the three types of non-coordinated states of excellent ecology-low quality, low ecology-low quality and low ecology-high quality. Finally, it proposes the establishment of a long-term mechanism for the coordinated advancement of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, focusing on the six aspects of top-level strategic design, inter-provincial (autonomous regional) collaborative control, public participation, rigid constraints on ecological protection, constraints on rights, responsibilities and interests and ecological compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslide and debris flow are common geo-hazards in mountainous areas, which are characterized by sudden occurrence and serious damage. The study of its occurrence mechanism is the premise of early prevention and warning. Based on the existing research progress, this paper analyzed the physical picture of the formation and dynamics of excess pore water pressure and its influence to the initiation and evolution of landslide and debris flow. The paper also discussed the possibility and main difficulties that currently existed on predicting the initiation of landslide and debris flow by using the dynamic change of pore water pressure. Many research results show that the generation and maintenance of slope pore water pressure, especially excess pore water pressure, is closely related to landslide triggered by unstable slope, land-slide liquefaction and debris flow propagation process. The outburst process of landslide triggered by unstable slope and the soil-mechanical debris flow is usually accompanied by the rapid change of pore water pressure. The generation of excess pore water pressure is the result of soil deformation, that is dislocation of soil particles, rather than a cause, while the generation of excess pore water pressure will further pro-mote slope instability. The key to the formation of excess pore water pressure is the relative rate of pore volume change and pore water pressure dissipation. The pore volume change is mainly affected by soil deformation and the pore water pressure dissipation is mainly affected by particle size distribution and fine particle content. At present, the research on the relationship between pore water pressure and excess pore water pressure and the initiation and evolution of landslide and debris flow have made many achievements. But it is still difficult to predict the initiation of landslide and debris flow on the basis of pore water pressure. The main difficulty is that it is not easy to effectively monitor and timely predict the dynamics of natural slope pore water pressure, which is an important content worthy of further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative scheduling of water projects is a key means to control and manage floods in the basin, coordinate the relationship between water and sediment in the basin, reasonably allocate water resources in the basin and support ecological protection and high-quality development in the basin, which must coordinate the relationship between upstream and downstream, left and right banks, main and tributaries, and flood and non-flood periods in the basin. In this paper, we analyzed the synergy and competition of Yellow River water project regulation from five latitudes, i.e. synergy in nature, synergy in space, synergy in time, synergy in objectives and synergy in engineering, in view of the difficulties of synergy in multi-objective regulation, difficulty in sediment transport synergy of reservoir sediment discharge channel and difficulty in large-scale ecological control of the whole river. From the perspective of giving full play to the comprehensive benefits of basin water projects, this paper identified the sequential parameters and determined the thresholds for the synergistic regulation of Yellow River water projects, constructed a multi-dimensional synergistic scheduling model of Yellow River water projects and systematically proposed a preliminary theoretical framework for the study of multi-dimensional synergistic scheduling of Yellow River water projects. It was hoped that this paper could provide a reference for the research on collaborative regulation of water projects in river basins where there were multi-objectives in fierce competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small and medium-sized reservoirs occupy an extremely important position in maintaining the sustainable development of our society, ecology and economy. Sediment deposition is a very prominent problem in the existing reservoir projects, especially for reservoir projects on the sandy rivers, where the sedimentation situation is more severe. The recovery of storage capacity of small and medium-sized silted reservoirs has become an urgent issue to be solved. This paper analyzed and summarized the traditional hydraulic desilting, mechanical dredging and newly-developed dredging techniques and methods, and discussed the dredging principle, dredging effect and applicable conditions of different dredging technologies. These dredging technologies were re-recognized from the aspects of high efficiency and environmental protection. This paper provided reference for the design and practice of storage capacity recovery for small and medium-sized silted reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stepped slope protection can not only meet the needs of cultural landscape, but also has a good effect of reducing waves. In recent years, it has been applied in some dam projects, but there is still a lack of systematic research on relevant design parameters. In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical wave model was established based on the velocity boundary method according to the medium and large reservoir dams. The influence of step layout range, step size, dam slope degree and wave smoothness for wave run-up was analyzed. The results show that, compared with the smooth slope protection, the stepped slope protection can effectively reduce the wave run-up. For the same wave smoothness and dam slope degree, the wave run-up decreases with the increase of step layout range, and decreases first and then increases with the increase of step height. The recommended step layout range is 1 times the wave height above the free water surface to 2 times the wave height below the free water surface. The recommended step height is 0.4 times of the incident wave height, and the wave attenuation coefficient is between 60% and 70%. In the recommended stepped slope protection arrangement, the wave run-up increases with the increase of wave smoothness and decreases with the softening of dam slope. When the slope is lower than 1∶3.0, the influence of slope coefficient on wave run-up weakens to some extent. According to the comprehensive roughness and osmosis coefficient calculated in this paper, the wave run-up of stepped slope protection can be estimated preliminarily, which provides reference for similar engineering design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During present major regional strategy implementation, water scarcity and spatial imbalances conflicts with increasing industrial water use demand restrict the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Improvement of economic benefit and precaution of the water pollution are effective initiatives for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. This paper calculated the industrial water use efficiency from 2005 to 2019 at provincial and city level by Super-SBM model, and then used GWR model to analyze emphatically the spatial heterogeneity of influence of natural factors and socio-economic factors on industrial water use efficiency. The results show that: the greatest influence factors are GDP per capita, followed by R＆D ratio, industrial water recycling rate, industrial value-added ratio, and industrial water consumption rate. Based on the analysis of different regional development level, rationalization of industrial structure and industrial wastewater discharge, this paper put forward the promotion strategy of industrial water use efficiency at provincial and cities level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“River chief system” management information system is a necessary bridge to realize the transition of “river chief” system from the stage of comprehensive establishment to the stage of full effect. This paper studied the design and application of "river chief system" management information system of Guanchuan River in arid area of Loess Plateau from six modules of hydrologic water resources, water quality, physical structure, video monitoring, data query and background management, combined with computer, remote sensing, video monitoring and other modern information technology. At the same time, this paper had analyzed the flood flow, ecological flow, water quality characteristics, river curve degree, riparian vegetation coverage and other changes of the Guanchuan River, in order to strengthen the management of the Guanchuan river basin and promote the sustainable use of the river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1950 s, the planning of Heishanxia reach of the Yellow River has been nearly 70 years old. In the long-term demonstration process, relevant departments and local governments put forward a number of different development schemes according to the situation and research results in different periods. In view of the different viewpoints of different subjects on the functional orientation and development scheme of the river reach, no decision has been made so far. This paper reviewed the main planning demonstration process of Heishanxia reach of the Yellow River. From the point of view of ensuring the long-term safety of the Yellow River water resources and building the national water network system of “four-horizontal and three-vertical”, this paper puts forward some opinions on the possible development schemes and the issues that need to be further studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide reference for solving the difficult issue of unbalanced and uncoordinated development of the Yellow River Basin, this paper built a high-quality development evaluation index system of the Yellow River Basin from five dimensions of innovative development, coordinated development, green development, open development and shared development. The paper used the weighted TOPSIS model to measure the high-quality development level of provinces（regions） in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2019. The results show that in 2010-2019, the high-quality development level of the Yellow River Basin is generally low, and there are obvious differences among provinces（regions） in space, showing a continuous upward trend in time, and the inter provincial gap is gradually narrowing. From all dimensions, the levels of innovative development and shared development shows a steady upward trend. The levels of open development and coordinated development both experience a slight decline from 2012 to 2015 and begin to rise significantly in 2016. The level of green development also shows an upward trend but fluctuates greatly. The coordination level of economic, social and ecological environment coupling in the Yellow River Basin is low, and it has been in a state of imbalance for a long time. After 2016, it has changed from a moderate imbalance to a mild imbalance and a near imbalance. Government capacity, the degree of opening to the outside world, the level of education and the degree of medical security have a positive impact on the degree of coupling and coordination. The level of technology and ecological conditions have different effects on the degree of coupling and coordination of the Yellow River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the key technologies of artificial intelligence, image recognition has been widely used in various industries. The development of digital and intelligent water conservancy cannot be separated from the application of artificial intelligence image recognition technology. This paper firstly summarized the development and recognition process of image recognition technology, introduced the traditional image recognition technology, including statistical method, syntactic recognition method and geometric transformation method, and the image recognition technology with neural network algorithm, including depth confidence network, convolution neural network, cyclic neural network and graph convolution neural network and compared the advantages and disadvantages of the above image recognition technologies. This paper summarized the application of artificial intelligence image recognition in water conservancy industry from the four aspects of river velocity measurement, remote sensing water body recognition, water level monitoring and three-dimensional prediction. Finally, It was proposed that improving the adaptability, compatibility and recognition accuracy of technical scenarios would be the development direction of artificial intelligence image recognition in the water conservancy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the panel data of 58 prefecture level cities along the Yellow River from 2010 to 2019, the water resources green efficiency of these cities was studied and analyzed in this paper by using the Super-SBM model. The results show that the water resources green efficiency of cities along the Yellow River is generally improved. The absolute value of the green efficiency level of water resources in the middle and lower reaches is greater than that in the upstream, and the improving rate of the efficiency level in the upstream is greater than that in the middle and lower reaches. Tobit model was also applied in this paper to analyze the impact of the environmental regulation, industrial structure, economic development level, and the degree of openness on the green water resources efficiency. The results show that openness and economic development level have little impact on water resources green efficiency, while the industrial structure has a negative effect and the environmental regulation has a positive influence. Moreover, there are differences among regions in the Yellow River. Policy suggestions are proposed in this paper that the Yellow River Basin should take measures according to local conditions, strengthen water use supervision of upstream cities and collaborative governance of the whole basin, give full play to the agglomeration effect of water resources utilization, accelerate technology spillover and strengthen weak areas, and pay attention to the role of resources allocation in improving green water use efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable operation of irrigation areas contains multi-level governance logic and multi-dimensional value demands. By analyzing the domestic historical development of irrigation areas’ water tariff system and the modern experience of typical irrigation areas, it is clear that water tariff has been playing roles in both costing recovery and regulating leverage in sustainable operation of irrigation areas. To achieve the goal of sustainable development, the corresponding water tariff system should be established. At the same time, the limited nature of the water tariff system should be recognized. Based on the objective reality, this paper analyzed three possible risks during the implementation of the water tariff system in irrigation area, which included the risk of market failure based on traditional inertia, the risk of mechanism failure based on individual rationality and the risk of self-factor based on objective location in. This paper proposed to establish a water price risk compensation fund to cope with market failure, to implement “price increase subsidy” and strengthen regulation to cope with policy lapses, and to establish a flexible water price adjustment to cope with self-factored water price risk, in order to achieve the sustainable goal of the irrigation area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the basin of the Yellow River from Xiaolangdi Reservoir to Huayuankou, there is an area of about 18 000 km~2 without flood prevention projects. This area has a high frequency of rainstorm floods and a short forecast period, which poses a great threat to the safety of flood prevention in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. However, this region has no conditions for building high dams and large reservoirs. In this paper, we analyzed the historical background of the planning and construction of the Taohuayu project on the Yellow River, as well as the main problems of flood prevention in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River under the new situation. Besides that, we put forward the idea of constructing the Taohuayu Reservoir of the Yellow River as a river channel detention basin, as well as the functional positioning and development task of the Taohuayu river channel detention basin, and the dam site selection, project scale, operation mode, project construction impact and countermeasures, investment estimation and other issues were discussed. The construction of the Taohuayu river channel detention basin can effectively solve the problem of large amount of land acquisition and resettlement in the reservoir area, and achieve the effect of controlling the flood in the section from Xiaolangdi Reservoir to Huayuankou and improving the flood prevention standard of the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Therefore, this paper proposes to carry out research on the key technical indicators of the Taohuayu detention basin, and actively promote the construction of the project as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of the arch dam shoulder is an important element in the analysis of the safety and stability of arch dams. The classical calculation method of arch dam shoulder slip resistance needs to assume the bottom sliding surface of the dam shoulder slider and ignore the influence of the fault and fracture joint group in the rock body of the dam shoulder on its shoulder slip resistance stability. In order to take into account the influence of faults and fracture joint groups to the rock mass, this paper used genetic algorithm to search for the critical sliding surface of the dam shoulder anti-slip based on the time course analysis method and analyzed the change of vibration intensity anywhere on the critical sliding surface of the dam shoulder slider. The slip resistance of the concrete arch dam shoulder was investigated in terms of sensitivity to shear strength parameters and ground vibration. The study result shows that the friction coefficient of the structural surface has less influence to the slip resistance stability of the dam shoulder, while the slip resistance stability performance of the dam shoulder is most sensitive to the cohesive force on the rock bridge, and the influence of cohesive force to the slip resistance stability performance is stronger than that of the friction coefficient, and the influence of ground vibration to the slip resistance stability performance of the arch dam shoulder is weaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of high slope of hydropower station is one of the key geological issues that need to be paid attention to in the process of engineering construction. The stability analysis is more complicated due to the influence of structural plane type, occurrence and scale. In this paper, the right bank slope of a large hydropower station was taken as the research object. According to the characteristics and position of the internal structural plane, the possible block combinations of each structural plane were analyzed, and the slope stability was preliminarily judged. According to the specification requirements, the limit equilibrium analysis was calculated through Rocscience software, the strength reduction was further introduced into the discrete element method to verify the calculation results of the limit equilibrium method, and the dangerous sliding surface was given. The results show that the sliding blocks of some sections are slightly thinner, and the slope is in a stable state, but on the whole, reinforcement measures need to be taken. It is suggested that dynamic design should be carried out according to the relevant information of geological conditions and safety monitoring feedback during excavation during construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to scientifically evaluate the building performance of sponge city and solve the issue that the evaluation method of sponge city performance is too subjective, this paper innovatively attempted to propose a new comprehensive sponge city building performance evaluation method based on data envelopment method and the principle of vector angle cosine. Firstly, the evaluation index system was built from the following six dimensions including water ecology, water environment, water resources, water security, system and implementation, and display degree. Then the weight of each index was obtained by applying the data envelopment method which could weaken the influence of the subjectivity of decision data to the weight of the index. Furthermore, the performance level of sponge city construction was obtained based on the variable of progress between the target to be evaluated and the desired target by utilizing the vector angle cosine method. Meanwhile, sensitivity analysis was conducted to effectively identify which factors were the most susceptible during the performance of sponge city building. Finally, the method was applied to the sponge city building performance evaluation of Hebi City, and the evaluation results were compared with the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, grey correlation method, analytic hierarchy process and vector included angle cosine method. The results show that the evaluation results of this method are consistent with those of other methods, and the building performance level of Hebi sponge city is level Ⅲ, which belongs to the medium level. However, the relative error of the evaluation results of this method is smaller and more close to the reality and the rationality of the model is proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to scientifically and reasonably evaluate the carrying capacity of regional groundwater resources, this paper proposed an evaluation method of groundwater resources carrying capacity based on projection pursuit improved TOPSIS. Firstly, it determined the evaluation indexes of groundwater resources carrying capacity of 11 regions, and calculated the weight of each evaluating index by expert consultation and genetic analytic hierarchy process. Secondly, it determined 5 evaluation grade standards of each evaluation index, and then built the evaluation model of groundwater resources carrying capacity based on projection pursuit improved TOPSIS (GRCC-TPP). The GRCC-TPP model was used to evaluate the groundwater resources carrying capacity of five prefecture level cities in northern Henan in 2015. The results show that the carrying capacity of groundwater resources in Jiaozuo City is the best, which is grade Ⅱ (basically loadable); the situation of Hebi, Xinxiang and Puyang cities is grade Ⅲ (critical overload) and Anyang City is the worst, which is grade Ⅳ (overload). The evaluation results are basically consistent with the actual groundwater resources carrying capacity in northern Henan, indicating that GRCC-TPP model has good applicability in the quantitative evaluation of regional groundwater resources carrying capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide a basis for the policy design of digital economy enabling the building of modern industrial system in the Yellow River Basin, this paper empirically tested the impact mechanism and effect of digital economy on the building of modern industrial system in the Yellow River Basin by taking 57 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin as sample units, using the panel data from 2011 to 2019 and adopting a two-way fixed effect model of space and time. The results show that the digital economy has a significant promoting effect on the building of modern industrial system in the Yellow River Basin, and technological innovation and human capital are important intermediary transmission factors. The development of digital economy can effectively promote the building of modern industrial systems in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, but its impact on the upper and middle reaches is not significant. The digital economy has a significant positive impact on the building of modern industrial systems in second-tier cities, third-tier cities and fourth-tier cities in the Yellow River Basin, but its impact on first-tier cities and fifth-tier cities is not significant. The promotion effect of digital economy on the building of modern industrial system in the Yellow River Basin has a threshold effect. When the development level of digital economy is higher than the threshold value, its promotion effect on the building of modern industrial system in the Yellow River Basin is significantly enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed an accurate online hierarchical warning method of the uplift pressure of the gate dam. Considering the impact of the uplift pressure on the concrete gravity dam safety, the real uplift pressure distribution of the dam foundation was approximated by the measured uplift pressure connecting line of two adjacent points on the transverse monitoring section. The measured uplifting pressure was obtained by calculating the area between the connecting line and the dam foundation line using an embedded system of edge computing. Based on the measured uplift pressure, the vertical normal stress and principal stress at the dam heel and toe were calculated, and the stability safety factors of the anti-sliding and anti-overturning were also computed. The online hierarchical warning of the uplift pressure of the dam was realized by comparing the calculated results with the corresponding requirements. In order to convert daily conditions into standard typical conditions, the stability safety factor of typical working conditions was calculated by mapping the measured uplift pressure to typical control working conditions using GRU (Gate Recurrent Unit), which was a deep learning model with low complexity and was suitable for the embedded system of edge computing. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified with a practical engineering example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale irrigation area water-saving renovation projects have large investment and many influencing factors. In order to objectively evaluate the implementation effect of large-scale irrigation area water-saving renovation projects, it is necessary to judge whether the renovation goals are achieved. This paper selected 25 evaluation indicators from four aspects of project construction, water-saving and incomeincreasing benefits, irrigation area management reform and irrigation area sustainable development, put forward 4-level classification standards and methods and established a large-scale irrigation area water-saving renovation project implementation effect evaluation system. The membership function was determined by logistic distribution, the maximum membership method was improved and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for the implementation effect of large-scale irrigation area water-saving renovation projects based on logistic distribution was proposed. Taking a large-scale irrigation area in Hebei Province as an example to conduct an example evaluation, it is concluded that the comprehensive membership degree of the implementation effect of the water-saving renovation project in this irrigation area is 0.573 0 and the overall evaluation is good (II). The evaluation results are basically consistent with the actual situation of the implementation of the watersaving renovation project in the irrigation area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the weathering rate of arsenic sandstone and the main influence factors of the area with abundant and coarse sediment in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the paper selected 3 original rock samples (test blocks) for each red and grayishwhite arsenic sandstone from Erlaohugou small watershed in Jungar Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It conducted continuous observation of the morphological changes and weathering erosion amount of each sample for nearly 3 years by using the 3 treatment methods of completely exposed, rainproof and windproof. It calculated the weathering rate based on the proportion of weathering denudation amount to the initial mass of the sample and analyzed the main influence factors of the arsenic sandstone weathering rate and its contribution rate. The results show that the bare in natural state, the grayishwhite arsenic sandstone weathering rate is greater than the red arsenic sandstone weathering rate, average annual weathering rate calculated according to the specimen quality are 32.61% and 21.88% respectively. The contribution rates of precipitation, wind power and freeze-thaw to the weathering of grayishwhite Pisha sandstone are 80.96%, 10.24% and 8.80% respectively, while the contributions to the weathering of red Pisha sandstone are 88.53%, 4.89% and 6.58% respectively. The influence of precipitation to the weathering rate of Pisha sandstone is significantly greater than that of wind power and freeze-thaw. The alternately or superimposed weathering forces of precipitation, wind and freeze-thaw accelerate the weathering of feldspathic sandstone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yellow River source is important runoff yield area in the Yellow River Basin, and the hydrological forecast is vital importance to the flood water resources optimal operation of the cascade reservoirs in the upper Yellow River such as Longyangxia and Liujiaxia, even to the prevention of flood and drought disasters of the entire Yellow River Basin. In this paper, the applicability of the Sacramento model, Luhun model and vertically-mixed runoff model were studied in the main generation regions of Maqu to Tangnaihai. The results show that the qualified rate of peak flow and secondary flood volume simulated by the three models is more than 85% and the certainty coefficient is more than 0.7. It shows that the three models can well simulate the flood process of the region. The three models cannot achieve satisfactory results for the simulation accuracy of all floods. Therefore, the multi-model integrated forecasting method should be adopted for flood operation forecast in the source area of the Yellow River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to scientifically predict the future sediment load of the Yellow River, support the Yellow River harnessing and development and major project construction and based on the analysis of the characteristics and causes of the variation of water and sediment in the near future, this paper used the hydrological method and the genetic analysis method to predict the future sediment amount of the Yellow River, at the same time, the large flow duration and the water volume which were beneficial to sediment transport were greatly reduced, the dynamics of flow and sediment transport were greatly weakened, and the relationship between water and sediment was still not coordinated. Without considering the sediment retention of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, the downstream channel would still be silted up. It is considered that the main influencing factors of the recent sediment reduction are the massive construction of water conservancy and soil and water conservation measures and the reduction of rainfall intensity, which account for 80% and 20% respectively, taking into account the existing research results and the uncertainty of the forecast, it is suggested that the average annual sediment hydraulic engineering of the Yellow River in the future should be about 800 million tons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science and technology innovation is an important support for the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin, and the Regional Science and Technology Innovation Center is an important carrier for realizing regional innovation. The paper took 67 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin as the research objects, analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of science and technology innovation level in the Yellow River Basin by using entropy TOPSIS, kernel density, spatial autocorrelation and standard deviation ellipse, and proposed the enhancement path of science and technology innovation center in the Yellow River Basin. The result shows that temporally, the level of science and technology innovation development in the Yellow River Basin shows a gradual growth trend, from 0.084 in 2011 to 0.137 in 2020. Furthermore, the level of science and technology innovation in the basin as a whole shows a pattern of polarization, with the absolute difference gradually decreasing and the imbalance decreasing. Spatially, the level of science and technology innovation in the Yellow River Basin has significant spatial differentiation characteristics, with a "block-shaped" distribution pattern, and the overall level is still in the low and lower level areas, and the downstream area > midstream area > upper stream area. In addition, the level of science and technology innovation in the Yellow River Basin has significant spatial clustering characteristics, and the spatial clustering characteristics are gradually enhanced with the passage of time. The science and technology innovation centers in the Yellow River Basin need to improve the development level of regional innovation centers by focusing on the advantages of innovation center cities, accelerating industrial structure upgrading, promoting industrial integration and agglomeration development and promoting the spatial model of "multicore drive and point-axis extension" in central cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the key and difficult issues faced by the Yellow River Basin, such as water resources shortage, unbalanced economic development and fragile ecological environment, the research and development of the Yellow River Simulator has become the next important work goal of the protection and management of the Yellow River Basin in the new era. With reference to the expression of Yangtze River Simulator, this paper combined with the characteristics of the Yellow River Basin, proposed and interpreted the concept and cognition of Yellow River Simulator and planned the top-level design of the construction of the Yellow River Simulator. From three aspects of perception system, simulation system and service system, the construction framework of Yellow River Simulator was designed. On this basis, the development layout of Yellow River Simulator 1.0 to 4.0 was further proposed, and the construction blueprint for the next 50 or even 100 years was looked forward. The construction of the Yellow River Simulator can provide simulation and decision-making support for disaster prevention and control, resources supply, public management, cultural inheritance and other fields, to promote the systematic protection and governance of the Yellow River Basin, and promote the implementation of the major national strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of lack of fairness in the allocation of water rights due to irregularities in the physical structure of irrigation systems and differences in the cropping structure, this paper proposed a method for allocating water rights to fields based on the "four rights" theory of water rights (ownership right, possession right, dominance right and use right), and divided field water rights into the right of water use and the right of possession water, representing the amount of water used in the field and the amount of leakage losses in the canal system respectively. The method of allocating field water rights was based on the structure of the irrigation system and marginal benefits, which could ensure that the same marginal benefits were obtained per unit area of field and better reflect the fairness of water rights allocation. Taking the Xinsandou Canal of Bayantaohai Farm in the Hetao irrigation area for an example, the water rights allocation method was applied to the improved field and the method had shown good applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of slope is very important to ensure the safety of long-distance water transfer project. In order to compare and study the slope stability of the fracture slope and the pore slope on both sides of the channel, this paper used Comsol multiphysics finite element numerical calculation software to establish a two-dimensional random fracture model of the channel slope by coupling the Darcy's law module and the solid mechanics module. The strength reduction method was used to simulate and compare the slope stability of two media models (fracture model and pore model) under two rainfall conditions (long and weak, short and strong) and under the condition of changing the initial groundwater level elevation. The results show that the plastic deformation degree of the fractured slope is greater than that of the porous slope and the slope instability is more likely to occur; under the same rainfall conditions, the lower the groundwater level is, the more stable the slope will be, regardless of the fracture model or the pore model; under the same groundwater level, the slope is more stable when the rainfall intensity is smaller; traction sliding may occur when the fracture model slope is unstable under high rainfall intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the current situation of standardized management of rural water supply projects in Henan Province and improve the standardization level of rural water supply projects, this paper conducted a comprehensive evaluation on the standardized management level of rural water supply projects for thousand tons and tens thousands people in Henan Province. It built an evaluation index system for the standardized management level of rural water supply engineering from five criteria of facilities, management, water supply, water price, and operation, and used a combination of expert scoring method and entropy weight method for analysis and evaluation. The results show that the standardized management level of Puyang rural water supply project is “high”; Jiyuan, Pingdingshan, Zhengzhou, Zhoukou, Xinyang, Shangqiu, Luoyang, Kaifeng and Xuchang are “higher”; Hebi, Luohe, Nanyang, Zhumadian, Anyang and Xinxiang are “medium"; Jiaozuo and Sanmenxia are "general". Lower-level cities with a low level of standardized management in rural water supply projects should refer to the "Puyang Mode" to enhance their standardization management. The standardized management level of rural water supply projects in Henan Province is quite different, and the standardized management level of cities at various levels needs to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to comprehensively understand the variation law of groundwater storage in the Yellow River Basin and rationally develop and utilize regional groundwater resources, based on GRACE satellite data and GLDAS data, this paper applied M-K trend analysis, correlation analysis and random forest algorithm to analyze the spatial-temporal variation characteristics and driving factors of groundwater storage in the Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2021. The results show that; from 2003 to 2021, groundwater storage in the Yellow River Basin has an extremely significant decline trend, and the decrease of groundwater storage in the lower reaches is the largest (1.4 cm/a). The spatial distribution of annual average groundwater storage in the Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2021 shows a gradual increase in the decrease of ground- water storage in the upper reaches to the lower reaches. Vegetation restoration is the main factor of groundwater storage change in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2021, while the decrease of groundwater storage in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Ba- sin may be related to the change of land use types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in Qinghai Province, based on the relevant statistical data of Qing-hai Province from 2003 to 2020, this paper built a water footprint model to evaluate the utilization level of water resources in Qinghai Province. It used Tapio decoupling model and LMDI model to analyze the decoupling status of water resources utilization and economic growth in Qinghai Province, and to explore the driving factors of water resources utilization in Qinghai Province. The results show that the total water footprint of Qinghai Province fluctuates from 2003 to 2020, and the agricultural water footprint is the main part of water resources utilization. The evaluation index of water resources utilization is at a high level and continued to improve. The water resources utilization is relatively safe, the water resources self-sufficiency rate is high, and the water footprint benefit is steadily improved. In general, water resources utilization and economic growth are weakly decoupled, while industrial water use and economic growth are strongly decoupled. The contribution rate of driving factors of water resources utilization is scale economy effect > industrial structure effect > technology effect > population effect, among which technology effect and industrial structure effect are negative effects, scale economy effect and population effect are positive effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a joint power generation operation of cascade reservoirs in the upper Yellow River was carried out with consideration of the requirement of increasing discharge from cascade reservoirs during flood season for deposition reduction in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River. The influences of the increasing discharge during flood season to the power generation of Longyangxia and Liujiaxia cascade reservoirs were analyzed in the cases with and without the Heishanxia Reservoir respectively. In order to meet the operation require- ments of upstream and downstream reservoirs, the water level of upstream reservoirs should be adjusted according to the storage and operation requirements of downstream reservoirs in the calculation of cascade reservoirs operation. The results show that if the discharge from cascade reservoirs during flood season is increased only by the Longyangxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs, the contradiction between power generation and ice-run flood control operations will be aggravated, which can lead to an obvious reduction of the power generation of the two reservoirs during ice-run flood and non-flood season. Because of the reverse regulation of Heishanxia Reservoir, the joint operation of Longyangxia, Liujiaxia and Heishanxia cascade reservoirs can not only increase the discharge from the cascade reservoirs during flood season and meet the deposition reduction in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach, but also can alleviate the conflicts between power generation and ice-run flood control operation effectively, which can increase the power generation of Longyangxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs during ice-run flood season significantly, so as to improve the annual power generation of the two reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important part of ecological barrier of the Yellow River Basin and the "Water Tower of China", ecological management of the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan Province plays an important role. Based on the importance and particularity of ecological governance for the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan Province, this paper systematically analyzed the contradictions between ecological protection and economic development, ecological governance and capital investment, ecological governance and scientific and technological support, as well as the contradictions between departments and regions. Based on the experience of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, it is suggested that the ecological governance for the Yellow River Basin in Sichuan should be combined with cultural research, people's livelihood development, green industry development, the construction of ecological civilization system and the cultivation of ecological consciousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xiaolangdi Reservoir has played a great role in flood control, sediment reduction and profit improvement. This paper systematically analyzed the flood control operation and the function of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir. By analyzing the sediment erosion and sedimentation of the reservoir and the Lower Yellow River, the effect of sediment reduction of the reservoir was proposed. The benefit of flood control and sediment reduction of the reservoir was calculated. The results show that the reservoirs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River can block the flood and cut the peak for 15 times. The average peak cutting rate of Huayuankou Station is 36%, and the maximum peak cutting flow is 7 560 m³/s, which can effectively avoid the flood losses in the downstream beach area. Due to the decrease of sediment load, the sedimentation rate of the reservoir is lower than that in the design stage, and the sediment retention ratio of 1.26 relative to the downstream channel is lower than that of 1.57 in the design sediment retention stage. The sediment reduction effect of the reservoir is better, especially in the reach below the Aishan. According to the 2020 price level, the actual annual benefits of flood control (ice-run prevention) and sediment reduction of the reservoir are 5.927 billion Yuan more than the design value, and the cumulative present value of benefits is 21.873 billion Yuan more than the total investment (including power generation), indicating the economic rationality of the construction of the Yellow River water and sediment regulation backbone project, which provides a successful example for accelerating the construction of Guxian project [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water rights trading between irrigation water users is one of the most common forms of water rights trading and the determination of transaction price is difficult. In practice, the price is mainly based on negotiation. Some regional governments have constrained the transaction price, but a reasonable pricing mechanism has not yet been formed. The price can reflect the scarcity of water resources and promote transaction is very important for improving the allocation of water resources in irrigation areas and improving the efficiency of irrigation water. Taking the typical region of Wulanbuhe irrigation area as the research object and using water affordability index analysis method to determine the economic affordability of irrigation water users' water prices and used this as a trading suggestion for the upper limit water price. Taking water resources price, engineering price and environmental price as the lower limit of water rights trading price and combined with current water price and practical management experience, the paper proposed trading suggestions for lower-limit water prices. The proposed water rights trading price range is 0.112-0.343 Yuan/m². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the feasibility of polymer grouting technology in the repair of underwater concrete cracks in deep-water dams, this paper was based on the central push test and model test to determine the bonding performance of the polymer and concrete interface and the grout in the concrete cracks. The law of diffusion was studied. The test results show that the bonding force of the interface between polymer and concrete increases linearly with the increase of polymer density, but it will reduce the bonding performance of the interface when saturated with water; at the same time, the polymer slurry will be dry and wet or waterlogged. The concrete cracks can be filled quickly and completely. The pressure of each measuring point first increases and then decreases with time, and then tends to stabilize. At the same time, the farther away from the grouting port, the lower the pressure of the measuring point, and the presence of water will make the slurry reaction solidification time lag, and the pressure dissipation rate slows down; in addition, the polymer density distribution is more uniform when the crack is saturated with water, while the density first increases along the axis and then decreases hyperbolicly when the crack is saturated with water, combined with the mechanics of polymers of different densities The performance proves the effectiveness of the polymer grouting technology in this paper for the repair of deep-water concrete cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to scientifically analyze the coordination degree between various water use processes, this paper proposed the coordination degree indicator to quantify the multiple water use process coordination degree based on the competition and cooperation relationship of multiple water users. Taking the Yellow River Basin as the study area, this paper quantified the long-term evolution process of cooperation degree, competition degree and coordination degree among 3 water use processes ( off-stream water supply, in-stream sediment transport water and instream ecological water). The results show that during 1988-2019, the cooperation degree is low ( mean value 0.06) while the competition degree is high ( mean value 0.33) ; the coordination degree changes between 0.10-0.82 ( mean value 0.46) ; the coordination degree shows a trend of increasing-decreasing-increasing after 2002, and the mutation points are 2012 and 2016; natural runoff, unified water regulation and reservoir operation mode impact the coordination degree of multiple water use processes in the Yellow River Basin. Under the influence of runoff attenuation and water use growth, the low coordination degree of multiple water use processes will exist for a long time in the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an open space and recreational place in the city, urban waterfront space is an important carrier of landscape expression in ur-ban planning and design. Its uniqueness and spatial layout play an important role in the quality of urban ecological environment and the visual feelings. This paper took the waterfront space of Zhengzhou City as a research object. It conducted and analyzed waterfront space by literature analysis, case study and field investigation, and summarized the prevailing issues in the current situation. Then, it introduced the case of Jialu River waterfront space, from the perspective of water ecological civilization, this paper constructed a three-dimensional waterfront space planning system of ecological sponge, ecological community and ecological revetment and put forward the optimal strategy of urban waterfront space planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to resolve the urban flooding and heat island effect caused by the change of impervious surface in urban development, this paper studied on the extracting methods and evolution features of impervious surface. Based on Google Earth Engine cloud platform and time series Landsat satellite remote sensing images, this paper used random forest classification method to make the impervious surface data set of the Yellow River diversion and receiving areas in Henan Province from 1990 to 2020, and chose typical indicators of the area growth rate and expansion intensity to analyze the change characteristics of impervious surface, avoiding the shortcomings of traditional extraction methods that were time-consuming and labor-intensive and a large amount of data that could not to he processed. The results show that the impervious sur-face area of the Yellow River diversion receiving areas in Henan Province shows a fluctuating growth trend year by year, of which the impervi-ous surface area is the largest in 2020, i.e. 7 598 km2. The correlation coefficients between GDP and population and impervious surface area are 0.980 and 0.912 respectively, which indicates that the growth of impervious surface is positively correlated with GDP and population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to effectively alleviate the Contradiction between supply and demand of water resources and realize sustainable economic development, it is urgent to improve the efficiency of water resources utilization. Based on the inter-provincial panel data of the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2019, this paper adopted DEA model to calculate the water use efficiency of each province and region, and used Malmquist index to reveal the contribution source of dynamic change of water use efficiency. The results show that: a) the overall water use efficiency of the Yellow River Basin is at a high level, and the utilization efficiency presents a trend of first decreasing and then increasing and the efficiency level of most provinces has a slight decline; b) from the perspective of regional differences, the water use efficiency is higher in the lower reaches and lower in the middle and upper reaches, with a spatial pattern of higher in the east and lower in the west' and significant differences among provinces;《) from the perspective of Driving factors, the technological progress rate is the main contribution source of the overall water use efficiency and the decline of technical efficiency is mainly due to the drop of scale efficiency in various regions. Based on 1his, the paper put forward some suggestions, such as coordinating regional cooperation within, flyer basin, promoting the integrated management of regional water resources utilization among basin as a unit and simultaneously enhancing the positive effect of technological progress and technological efficiency on the improvement of water use efficiency in the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the built, under construction and planned hydropower stations in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River and their surrounding wind and light resources as the object, based on the output characteristics and complementary characteristics of hydropower, wind power and photoelectric power, and based on the principle that the access of wind power and photoelectric power does not increase: the abandoned water of hydropower, and the abandoned wind and light rate were controlled economically, the research on the integrated configuration and operation of hydropower, wind power and photovoltaic power generation in the main stream of the Yellow River was carried out. Combined with the complementary operation characteristics, it made full use of the regulation capacity of hydropower, improved the utilization efficiency of transmission channel, and coordinated the local consumption and transmission. On the basis of technical feasibility and economic rationality, this paper constructed the hydropower, wind power and photoelectric configuration model and economic analysis model of the main stream of the Yellow River. Through model analysis and calculation, this paper put forward the economically reasonable proportion scheme of hydropower, wind power and photoelectric installation scale, and put forward the development goal and layout of water scenery integration in the main stream of the Yellow Rive r in 2025 and 2035. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the water-saving irrigation system under the continuous cropping mode of summer corn and winter wheat, aiming at the fact that the existing real-time irrigation forecast ignores the issue of multiple cropping and continuous cropping in actual production and considering the changes in soil moisture in the interval between the growth periods of the upper and lower seasons during the multiple cropping and continuous cropping, a real-time irrigation forecasting model for continuous cropping was established. Taking the continuous cropping of summer-maize and winter-wheat of Sanliuzhai Yellow River irrigation area in the period of 2014-2017 as an example, the paper conducted the application of the model. The results show that compared with the traditional irrigation system, the real-time irrigation system determined by this model has an average annual reduction of 20.4% in the irrigation quota, and the irrigation water consumption in the irrigation area is saved by 14.7 million m~3 per year. The total annual output of summer corn and winter wheat is increased by 2.4%, 2.2% and 0.8% respectively, and the water use efficiency is increased by 13.6%, 12.3% and 18.3% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Load rejection is the normal design working point for pumped-storage unit. Vaneless zone experiences serious pressure pulsation in load rejection period, resulting deep impact on unit running stability. For a long time, the research on the vaneless zone pressure mainly focuses on numerical simulation and model observation. Less research attention has been paid on the prototype unit due to the scarcity of on-site test. This paper focused on the vaneless zone pressure measured at a pumped-storage power station during load rejection periods, established separation method between trend pressure and pulsation pressure based on Savitzky-Golay filter, clarified main influence factors on trend and pulsation pressures, and pointed out the urgent issues need to be solved in the future. The research indicates that in load rejection process the trend pressure of vaneless zone is mainly affected by rotational speed by the correlation factor 0.99 with rotational speed. The pulsation pressure peak-to-peak value which is affected by rotor-stator interference and rotational stall, etc, is 7-22 times of pressure pulsation in stable operation with rated load, and is remarkable higher than numerical calculation result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current “local” economic construction and development model with administrative districts as the unit often divides the regional ecosystem that emphasizes “integrity”. As a new governance scale for implementing the national regional coordination strategy, the metropolitan area has become an important governance unit for realizing cross-domain governance and promoting the co-protection and governance of the ecological environment. Taking Xi’an metropolitan area as an example, this paper analyzed the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and causes of the ecosystem service pattern in Xi’an metropolitan area from 2000 to 2020 by using the value evaluation method, and discussed the coordination between the ecosystem service value and economic development of each district and county. The results show that the overall pattern of ecosystem service value in Xi’an metropolitan area remains stable, which is higher in the northern Weibei tableland and Beishan region and the southern Qinling region, and lower in the central along the Weihe River ecological zone. During the past 20 years, the value of ecosystem services in Xi’an metropolitan area is decreased by 2.852 billion Yuan, and the changes of ESV in each district show an epitaxial increasing structure with Xi’an six districts as the core. The ecosystem services and economic development in Xi’an metropolitan area are incongruous, which can be subdivided into five categories of high level coordination, general level coordination, low level imbalance, moderate imbalance and severe imbalance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to summarize the application of grey forecasting method in water resources management, this paper firstly introduced the basic content of grey forecasting method, then focused on three aspects of water resources allocation, water pollution control and comprehensive water resources assessment, sorted out the application of grey forecasting method and analyzed the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of various improvement forms. The shortcomings of the existing research were summarized as follows: there are few studies on water quantity forecasting in relation to recycled water, external water transfer, desalinated water and the tertiary industry water use; water quality forecasting is mainly focused on chemical indicators, with few other indicators being covered; and the models used in water resources assessment are relatively homogeneous. Finally, from the perspectives of both model improvement and application direction expansion, the development prospects of grey forecasting method in water resources management are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to promote the conservation and intensive utilization of water resources in the Yellow River Basin, this paper built Tapio model and LMDI model, calculated the decoupling elasticity of total water consumption and economic growth during the period of 2000-2019, and decomposed the driving factors of the decoupling elasticity. The results show that a) the total water consumption and economic growth in the Yellow River Basin have experienced weak decoupling and strong decoupling alternately. b) The decoupling status of each province is different. Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Shandong have two states of weak decoupling and strong decoupling. Sichuan has three states of weak decoupling, strong decoupling and expansion negative decoupling. Ningxia, Shanxi and Henan have four states of expansion negative decoupling, increase connection, weak decoupling and strong decoupling. c) The restraining factors of the decoupling between the total water consumption and economic growth in the Yellow River Basin and provinces are economic development and population size, and the promoting factors are water intensity and industrial structure. d) The contribution of industrial structure and water intensity to decoupling elasticity is quite different among the three industries, the contribution of industrial structure adjustment and water intensity decline to decoupling mainly comes from the primary industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional interpolation method can’t effectively obtain the high-precision interpolation results of curved channel when the sampling channel topographic cross-section is sparse. It is urgent to study an effective new method of curved channel topographic interpolation to quantitatively analyze the channel evolution and its law. In this paper, a channel terrain interpolation method (OCGI) based on orthogonal curve grid was proposed. This method firstly performed linear interpolation along the transverse direction, and then interpolated along the longitudinal grid line, which made up for the defect of insufficient spatial distribution of longitudinal sampling points. Considering the change of river regime, the interpolation range was controlled in the area of grid distribution. The application shows that this method can give more reasonable results than that of IDW and KG methods in cross-section sampling data, and can be applied to topographic interpolation of curved channels such as the tail of the Yellow River estuary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]