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The paper considers issues related to the theoretical study of electromagnetic phenomena in a certain stationary coordinate system in various variations. The use of electromagnetic force, controlled, easy to handle, which is applicable in a wide variety of sites and devices. The main attention is directed to the analysis of a number of phenomena from the simplest electrical moments, and also in a more complex understanding are presented as the forces of the most powerful attraction, expressed as a very topical issue. It is these aspects that are considered in this study. Of course, the image of such a performance is precisely the electromagnetic design, the physics of which is built from the initial ideas about electromagnetism. The developed theoretical framework is also used to analyze a large number of phenomena, each of which requires its own analysis in all parameters. The description of the algorithm created at the moment is given in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new applications of high performance computing based on the DSMC approach were presented in the Graeme Bird Plenary Lecture and are summarized in this paper. The paper first discusses the importance of bimodality in the velocity distribution function in characterizing unsteady shock oscillations as well as their role in understanding transitioning laminar shock-boundary layer flows. A second computational problem of the neutralization of a low-temperature ion beam plasma using the particle-in-cell approach is discussed and again the non-Maxwellian behavior of plasma electrons is shown to change the behavior of unsteady electron solitary waves. The paper looks both back and forwards in time and provides some assessment of the fundamental role of particle kinetic approaches in nonequilibrium gas dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a study of students' interest in science and the identification of interesting topics not covered in physics classes. 136 8th and 9th grade students from a particular primary school in Slovenia participated in the survey. The results show that primary school students find it interesting to learn about contemporary physics. Gender and interest in science influence students' choices of what topics they find interesting and their responses to lessons on the selected most interesting topic in physics. Specifically, of the seven proposed topics briefly presented to the students (radioactivity, liquid crystals, physics in medicine, astronomy, energy sources, technical devices, and hydrogels), radioactivity proved to be the most interesting. Most students would like to learn more about the findings of contemporary physics, while one in three students would like to take an elective. For female students, physics in medicine ranked first in interest, while for male students, radioactivity ranked first. Students found school lessons on radioactivity interesting. The results indicate that students want to learn about the content of contemporary physics and that such topics are more attractive to them than the content of regular physics classes, which is also shown in the evaluation of the most popular topic, radioactivity. The research indirectly appeals to teachers to include contemporary physics topics in physics classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to develop a student worksheet with a discovery learning-STEM model on dynamic electric material to build on students' problem-solving skills in YAPPI Wonosari Vocational High school. The method used is R&D with a 4-D model that includes defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The instruments used include validation sheets and tests—data in a physics worksheet to improve students' problem-solving skills. This study's data collection methods contain expert validation, observation, pre-test, and post-test—the data analysis using the sign test. The results showed that 1) the development of student worksheets with discovery learning-STEM on dynamic electric material was feasible in terms of the validation results. This can be seen from the results of validation that show the feasibility of physics worksheets for improving problem-solving skills is in the excellent category, and 2) the effectiveness of using physics worksheet with discovery learning-STEM based on data obtained from the pre-test and post-test results can improve problem-solving skills as a problem in the implementation class. Thus, student worksheet developed with discovery learning STEM is compatible with improving problem-solving skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When academic institutions in India closed abruptly in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, formal education moved online. This transition had a very uneven impact given the significant digital divide between rural and urban India and the unequal distribution of digital resources in different institutions. Access to resources varied substantially by individual, based on socioeconomic factors as well as gender. Institutional support to the academic community during this critical period was largely inadequate, which has had serious consequences on the teaching of physics and other subjects that require laboratory instruction. Educational institutions also provide safe and enabling learning spaces for women students; reduced access to such facilities undermined the work-and study-related dynamics for women because of the scarcity of resources such as devices, data and time. This paper reports on efforts made towards understanding such challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, and describes steps that were taken to address them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides information, suggestions and resources for men, specifically cis-white men, to become allies, supporters and followers in the fight for equity and inclusion of women and underrepresented groups in physics in science, technology, engineering and mathematics fields in general and in society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advantages of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry in terms of thermal properties and affordability have already been widely discussed. Nowadays, we are able to achieve the required thermal resistance of facades without the need to apply an external thermal insulation composite system on the entire surface. Decreasing the heat transfer coefficient is usually associated with increasing the proportion of pores in the material. However, this in turn adversely affects the sound insulation properties of simple partitions. Therefore, in effort to achieve the specific acoustic requirements of simple masonry AAC walls, structures of unacceptable thickness in practice may be designed. In this paper we present a study focused on the analysis of the dependence of the heat transfer coefficient resp. thermal resistance of structures and airborne sound insulation of simple walls based on AAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of computer-based test instruments (Computer-Based Tests = CBT) in measuring conceptual knowledge and character of student in General Physics course. This research is a type of descriptive research. The data are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The analysed data consist of conceptual knowledge and character of student on test using a computer (CBT) and written exams (Paper-Based Testing = PBT) as comparisons including students' responses to the implementation of the test. The designed research instruments are test instrument based on CBT and PBT as well as a user response questionnaire. The results show that students' conceptual knowledge of physics using CBT is higher than PBT, although the scores are not significantly different. On the other hand, the results of the integration assessment test of student character values consist of indicators accuracy, perseverance, honesty and confidence show that the value of student character using CBT are also higher than PBT. In addition, the results of the manager's response analysis test show that the use of CBT provides several positive impacts compared to the use of PBT such as reducing paper use, reducing exam administration funds, easy in correcting questions, presenting test results easily and quickly, correcting questions accurately, and the last, the use of CBT is more objective and more friendly to the environment due to paperless. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his 1921 paper Geometrie und Erfahrung, Einstein decribes the new epistemological status of geometry, divorced from any intuitive or a priori content. He calls that “axiomatics”, following Hilbert’s theoretical developments on axiomatic systems, which started with the stimulus given by a talk by Hermann Wiener in 1891 and progressed until the Foundations of geometry in 1899. Difficult questions arise: how is a theoretical system related to an intuitive empirical content? © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pump as turbine (PAT) is effectively used in the micro-hydro power plants as stand-alone or grid-connected and energy recovery applications. Generally, the efficiency of the PAT is lower than the conventional turbines as it is not explicitly designed to generate power. Therefore, in literature, various techniques are proposed for performance improvement of the PAT, such as rounding of blades and shroud, back cavity filling, etc., as minor modifications. In the same line, it is critical to understand the internal flow physics to reduce the losses and understand the potential improvement. In the present paper, Computational Fluid Dynamics is proposed to understand the effect of blade and shroud rounding on the performance of PAT with internal flow physics. The change in the flow physics after modifications by impeller rounding is presented essentially at Best Efficiency Point (BEP). It is noticed that the efficiency of PAT is increased from 68.5 % to 70. 2 %, mainly due to the reduction of flow separation at the impeller flow zone, validating the experimental results from the literature. However, as the pump is not designed for turbine applications and there are no guide blades, the hydraulic losses due to flow separations are significant even after blade and shroud rounding. There is further scope for performance improvement by redesigning the impeller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Netherlands continues to see an increase in female physicists. Gender is still an important topic, but diversity is now considered to extend beyond gender alone. Increasingly, efforts to broaden diversity also target inclusiveness of less represented groups such as first-generation students and people of color. Among first-year bachelor students, the percentage of female students at some universities is approaching 30%. In this paper we present some of the initiatives to improve the diversity in the Dutch physics community, such as the NNV Diversity Prize for physics departments, a diversity brochure, guest lectures at secondary schools, and the Minerva Prize for young female or nonbinary physicists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The year 2020 was an extraordinary one for Armenia. The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound effect on diverse aspects of life. The country had not recovered from the aftermath when the war started in the fall of 2020, which further depressed the economy. And 2020 once again reveals the importance and role of science, in particular physics, in overcoming various problems and challenges, as well as in ensuring peace. This paper discusses the current situation of science in Armenia and the challenges that women face nowadays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current trends in science education are focused on real-life problems and practical usage of knowledge in relation to the interdisciplinary connections between the selected scientific disciplines. This paper presents the interdisciplinarity of relationships between Physics, Mathematics and Geography. Based on Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion, we demonstrate the closeness of links between these subjects by using GeoGebra, a dynamic geometry software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with three classes of nonlinear Schrödinger equations (NLSE) having general polynomial nonlinearities. We find travelling wave solutions of soliton type (smooth solitons, peakons and cuspons), periodic ones (smooth, peakons and cuspons) and kinks. In the case of some special polynomials the solutions are expressed up to the inverse map by Gauss and Appell's hypergeometric functions, by some elliptic functions of Jacobi and Weierstrass types etc. In each case the above mentioned solutions of NLSE are obtained into integral form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Electronic Physics Informatics International Conference (EPIIC) 2023 was held in Indonesia and focused on the theme of "Transforming Innovations Physics and Computer Electronic through digital practices in a post-pandemic world." The conference aimed to bring together researchers, educators, students, practitioners, and policymakers to present their studies in various fields such as Physics, Applied Electronics and Devices, Applied Computer Science, and more. A total of 190 selected papers out of 256 submissions will be published in the AIP Conference Proceedings. The organizing committee expressed their gratitude to all participants for their contributions to the success of the seminar. [Extracted from the article]

The fundamental symmetries, charge conjugation (C), parity (P) and time reversal (T), play a significant role in the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particle physics. Of these, T symmetry and the combined CP symmetry are the least well understood, and they hold valuable clues for unraveling the secrets of nature. All subatomic particles are postulated to possess an intrinsic property known as a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM). The EDM of an atom is a combination of those of each constituent particle and also CP-violating interactions between the particles. Being many-particle systems, atoms and molecules are ideal candidates for probing a rich variety of both T- and CP-violating interactions. Paramagnetic atoms, which have a single valence electron in their outer shell, are sensitive to subtle signals associated with CP violations in the leptonic sector, i.e., the EDM of the electron. At present, we are developing a high-intensity laser-cooled Fr factory at RIKEN accelerator facility in an attempt to evaluate the EDM of Fr to an accuracy of 10-30 ecm. Laser cooling is important for achieving highly accurate EDM measurements, since it allows long interaction times using an optical lattice. The current status of the laser-cooled Fr EDM experiments is presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a numerical study was carry out to study the existence of strong vortices in the flow behavior of dam reservoir. The occurence of vortex breakdown is extremely complex and quite difficult to acquire enough details experimentally. To fully understand and comprehend the mechanisms that involved, numerical study is required. With the evolution of computer devices and numerical techniques, a computational approach seemed very appealing to get the additional information regarding the structure of the breakdown. Besides, the identifying of the various parameters affecting its occurrence and development can be obtained to. Getting supplementary insight into the physics itself of the circumstance has been another ambition. This paper reviews recent published works on CFD (computational fluid dynamic) simulations of vortex in hydraulic intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermilab E906/SeaQuest is an experiment aimed at studying the anti-quark distributions of nucleons and nuclei. The experiment uses a 120 GeV/c proton beam extracted from the Main Injector at Fermilab to collide with various solid and cryogenic targets to study a variety of physics topics ranging from light anti-quark flavor asymmetry in the nucleon sea to dark photons. The experiment takes advantage of the Drell-Yan process in order to probe specifically the high-x anti-quark distributions of the target nucleus. The acceptance of the spectrometer is tuned to explore the unprecedentedly high Bjorken-x region, thereby extending our knowledge of the anti-quark sea structure of nucleons and nuclei. Some of the physics goals from the Drell-Yan program at SeaQuest and the current status of some analyses are reported in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Household materials are made of various types of plastics, since they are durable, lightweight and inexpensive. They can be easily molded and remolded into various products that are used in a plethora of applications. Plastic recycling refers to the process of recovering waste or scrap plastic and reprocessing the materials into functional and useful products. The goal of recycling plastic is to reduce high rates of plastic pollution while putting less pressure on virgin materials to produce brand new plastic products. This paper deals with a conceptual investigation and development of an automatic plastic segregation plant. In order to develop a plant which, satisfy the required technical and economic specifications, a large investigation of existing techniques was performed. Different techniques described in research, and those used in recycling industry today were studied. The results of these studies paved way to a conceptual and potential recycling device for plastics which is completely automated using Raman spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superconductors are demonstrated to profoundly differ in arrangement yet elusive and mysterious. To understand the Josephson Effect, it is advisable to first acquire some notion about the origin of the superconductivity. Macroscopically, superconductivity manifests itself as a lack of resistance, so that the current flows with no obstacles. The practical applications of superconductivity are consistently improving each year. However, the real utilization of superconducting devices is constrained by the way that they should be cooled to low temperatures to move toward becoming superconducting. The revelation of high-Tc superconductors broadens the feasible application of superconductors. The Josephson Effect has enabled the advancement of unique electrical devices and systems including SQUIDs, quantum computers, analog to digital (A/D) converters, Josephson voltage standard, THz emitters and detectors, single flux quantum devices, etc. In this research paper, we studied the Superconducting materials, its characteristics and applications in physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by the recent interest growing in contact structures, this paper is devoted to even-dimensional counterpart of contact geometry, namely the locally conformal symplectic one. In physics, these structures come natural from endowing the phase-space with a 2-form that is non-degenerate but locally closed up to a multiplicative non-vanishing function. In view of this, we initially adopt the trivial line bundle situation and show that a given locally conformal simplectic over an even-dimensional manifold leads to a transitive Jacobi pair and conversely. Then, we introduce the geometric perspective on locally conformal symplectic structures in terms of a line bundle over an even-dimensional manifold, L → M endowed with a flat-connection, ∇ and an L-valued non-degenerate and closed 2-form, ω ∈ Ω (M; L). In this framework we also exhibit the connection between locally conformal symplectic structures and transitive Jacobi ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the physics curriculum development for secondary (especially upper secondary) schools. The preparatory phase of an investigation which targets a development of a new physics curriculum is described and discussed here. We were searching the international databases Scopus and Web of Science for publications which deal with physics (or science) curriculum reforms and with methods how to create a new curriculum. The literature review brought several crucial findings: in founded publications is criticized that on the international scene, there is paid an insufficient attention to physics/science curriculum, changes of curriculum are only tiny adjustments in most cases, the so-called math issue is frequently mentioned among main problems of physics curriculum. However, there has not been identified any transparent methodology for curriculum development and in most cases of physics curriculum-making or curriculum reforms it is not clear who and why has carried out it. A qualitative research approach was used, and grounded theory was chosen as the basic research plan in our research. The data will be collected using interviews and questionnaires. In the spring of 2019, in-depth interviews with 30 physicists from Czechia will be conducted. The physicists in this study were selected based on their high H-index (Web of Science) and other excellent results at the international level. Implications for the development of a new physics curriculum will be extracted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applications of knowledge in the real life and practical use of knowledge from natural sciences are typical for current modernization trends in teaching at Slovak schools. In this paper, we focus on emphasizing the interdisciplinary relationship among physics, mathematics and geography. Considering a specific example of Mercator projection, we present close connections of the given subjects via using modern ICT tools, especially dynamical geometry software GeoGebra. We demonstrate how this problem can be useful in school practice as a motivating factor which yields the development of a pupil's intellect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a tribute to my colleague prof. RNDr. Ivan Baník, PhD, who died on July 2, 2017. It was shortly after we decided to work on this article. It took me quite long to continue and finish at least the small part of our planned work. His invention in preparing simple experiments was well known, and this was how we became not only colleagues but friends as well. Our common effort was to make students like physics. One way to increase the interest in physics is to strengthen the experimental component of physics teaching and, in particular, to promote simple experiments that student can also perform independently at home. The simple experiment helps to eliminate mechanical forms of studying, gives more tangible physical content and develops physical thinking. Provides a stimulus for own creative search of physical contexts. Physics is basically experimental, but the experiment is also a natural part of the learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several experimental activities with the use of a cheap and handheld digital oscilloscope are presented in this paper. The introduced experimental activities belong to the topic of Periodic processes (ISCED 3A) and are focused on observation of the basic properties of different vibrating and rotating objects. After connecting the appropriate input peripherals that serve as analogue sensors, it is possible to display the progress of the periodic processes and measure their basic characteristics. It is also possible to convert the measured waveforms (in the case of suitable frequencies) to the sound with a connected amplifier and loudspeaker. Presented experimental activities are suitable for the pupil exploring in the learning process due to their simple implementation and the opportunity to stimulate pupils´ interest in science. Methodical remarks and proposals for the use in teaching are included in each activity and the connection between explored effects and real-life situations is emphasized, too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a surge of interest in the United States recently in culturally relevant/responsive/sensitive teaching in physics and similar disciplines. Two brief examples: In his call for papers addressing race for The Physics Teacher, Gary White lists “culturally responsive teaching” as the first topic, and one of the two aims of a $4.9 million grant received by the American Association of Colleges and Universities is to “empower STEM faculty to adopt culturally sensitive pedagogies.” So the question is: What is culturally relevant physics teaching? How would we even know it if we saw it? I argue that a framework for culturally relevant pedagogy developed by Gloria Ladson-Billings is a useful model for university physics faculty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equal opportunities exist for women seeking careers in physics, according to paper policies all over the world. However, social biases and prejudices might influence career trajectories of women differently than men. I shall describe some anecdotal examples from an individual’s perspective which might be symptomatic of social patterns and suggest some remedies/changes to ameliorate and overcome the barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers an overview of multimedia-based teaching tools and teaching methods tested during several introductory physics courses taught to students enrolled in physics, science, and pre-engineering programs at the University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge AB, Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first Department of Physics in Zambia was established at the University of Zambia (UNZA) in Lusaka in 1966. In the years that followed, there were many physics graduates from this institution, and all were men. In 2004, the university produced the first woman physics graduate in Zambia. Although it took 38 years to achieve this, in Zambia, there have since been many more women physics graduates. In addition, the Copperbelt University (CBU) in Kitwe has introduced programmes in physics, resulting in an increase in the number of physics graduates, including women. Some graduates have gone on to become teachers, lecturers, researchers, public servants, and workers in industry. Others have had challenges in finding job opportunities in their field and are either unemployed or working in other fields, such as agriculture and banking. Even with the abundance of opportunities and research funding targeted at women in science, not enough physicists have taken advantage of this. It seems that there is a gap between physicists and their opportunities because of limited networking among physicists; limited awareness of activities, documentation, and relevance to society; and the lack of representation by an established local society of physicists. In this paper, we explore both the opportunities and challenges that physicists face, especially women in physics, in their journey to build a career in this field. We also explore what can be done to alleviate the challenges and highlight the opportunities to build bridges for more women to participate in physics in Zambia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper illustrates, briefly, the fatigue design strategy, based on the physics of the damage evolution, under development by the Composite Group at DTG-University of Padova. After a brief introduction, examples of damage mechanisms at the microscopic scale are presented and the procedures for the quantitative description of these mechanisms are illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The database at http://www.radiopurity.org is the world's largest public database of material radio-purity measurements. These measurements are used by members of the low-background physics community to build experiments that search for neutrinos, neutrinoless double-beta decay, WIMP dark matter, and other exciting physics. This paper summarizes the current status and the future plan of this database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve physics problems is a key ability which students should reach during their physics education. Ten years ago we started to develop a Collection of fully solved problems. The structure of problems' solutions is specially designed to substitute tutor's help during lesson and encourage students to solve at least some parts of a problem independently. Nowadays the database contains about 770 fully solved problems in physics in Czech, more than 100 problems in Polish and more than 140 problems in English. Other problems are still being translated. Except for physics problems, the Collection has also a mathematical part, which contains more than 300 fully solved problems in mathematics. This paper follows the presentation of the Collection of solved problems from previous years and introduces a new interface of the Collection, its enhanced functionality, new topics, newly created interface for teachers, user feedback and plans for future development. The database is placed at the website of the Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, the links are: http://reseneulohy.cz/fyzika (Czech version); http://www.physicstasks.eu/ (English version). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been developed instruments of Causalitic Thinking Approach (CTA) in Physics learning to increase Problem Solving Ability (PSA) of pre-service teachers (low and high groups). Causalitic means causality and analitic. Implementation of the CTA at kinematics and Newton's law about movement increased the PSA of students (significance 5%) and the increases were not different between the low and high groups. PSA includes abilities of understanding (IPSA-1), selecting (IPSA-2), differentiating (IPSA-3), determining (IPSA-4), applying (IPSA-5), and identifying (IPSA- 6). The differences between pre-test (initial PSA) and post-test (final PSA), and between PSA-gain of low and high groups were tested using Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. Pairs of tcounted and ttable (tcount, ttable) at IPSA-1 to IPSA-6 for low group were (2,-), (0,5), (0,2), (0,0), (0,3), (0,0) at kinematics and (0,5), (0,5), (0,2), (0,5), (0,2), (0,0) at Newton's law. While, for high group, the pairs were (0,5), (0,5), (0,3), (0,3), (0,3), (0,0) at kinematics and (0,2), (0,5), (0,2), (0,3), (0,5), (0,2) at Newton's law. Finally, pairs of tcounted and ttable (tcounted, ttable) for the PSA gain differences were (0,3), (4,0), (5,2), (13.5,5), (5,2), (5,2) at kinematics and (3,2), (12,5), (10.5,5), (2,0), (8.5,5), (10.5,) at Newton's law. The value of ttable is related to the number of effective data pairs (for 6, 7, 8, and 9 pairs, the ttable respectively are 0, 2, 3, and 5). This first of three year research used mixed method of embedded experimental two-phase design and involved 49 students (39 females). The CTA facilitated students to develop ability of causality and analytic thinking. To solve phenomenon, students determined all causes and deductively predicted all of possible effects, and finally identified conditions of each causes which resulted in each effects. This paper will focus at three focus discussions, i.e. instruments of CTA, PSA increases, and responds of students to the instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve physics problems is a key ability which students should reach during their physics education. Ten years ago we started to develop a Collection of fully solved problems. The structure of problems' solutions is specially designed to substitute tutor's help during lesson and encourage students to solve at least some parts of a problem independently. Nowadays the database contains about 770 fully solved problems in physics in Czech, more than 100 problems in Polish and more than 140 problems in English. Other problems are still being translated. Except for physics problems, the Collection has also a mathematical part, which contains more than 300 fully solved problems in mathematics. This paper follows the presentation of the Collection of solved problems from previous years and introduces a new interface of the Collection, its enhanced functionality, new topics, newly created interface for teachers, user feedback and plans for future development. The database is placed at the website of the Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, the links are: http://reseneulohy.cz/fyzika (Czech version); http://www.physicstasks.eu/ (English version). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a female physicist, inevitably I find myself the minority in a room. However, I have also found myself an outsider in the sense that my areas of research are not mainstream; biological and soft matter physics deal with complex materials that sit at the interface between physics, chemistry, and biology. This research activity has also tended to make me feel as if I don’t “fit in.” In this paper, I explore coping mechanisms in the face of unsupportive environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the famous work of K. Lynch [7] on image-ability of a cityscape, recently a city of physics analogy has been proposed by A.E. Tabor et al.[8] to enhance the cognitive coherence of physics as a subject. The idea of both Lynch and A. abor. et al. is being extended in this paper to image-ability of an undergraduate Solid State Physics course to bring forth cognitive coherence of the subject in a global manner. In this paper an image-ability map of the course is presented both in a pictorial and tabular format with recognition of sections of the syllabus as districts and sub districts. Further in each district and sub district, key concepts as land marks, variables involved as nodes, key physical equations as paths and limits on variables as edges or boundaries are identified through peer discussion among a group of teachers who are teaching this course for the last couple of years. This exercise has helped not only in mental mapping of the subject but focusing on hitherto isolated and advanced topics provided in the syllabus as leading to a very different mental recreational spots in the cityscape of undergraduate Solid State Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A paper by Dyson, published nearly two decades ago, describing Feynman’s proof of Maxwell equations, has generated many comments, analysis, discussions and generalizations of the proof. Feynman’s derivation is assumed to be based on two main sets of equations. One is supposed to be the second law of Newton and the other a set of basic commutation relations from quantum physics. Here we present a new comment on this paper, focusing mainly on the initial arguments and applying a new method of analysis and interpretation of physics, named observational realism. The present discussion does not alter the technical steps of Feynman, but do clarify their basis. We show that Newton’s physics is not a starting point in Feynman’s derivation, neither is quantum physics involved in it, but the foundations of relativity only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a very successful flurry of activities for a few decades to maximize the benefits of the formalism of Quantum Mechanics to connect the micro and macro universe, the applied physics community has successfully engineered sustained technological innovations for human social advancements. However, a significant segment of the theoretical physics community put their endeavors essentially in inventing realities that are esthetically pleasing to our human logics (epistemology) rather than staying focused on discovering the actual physical realities in nature driven by cosmic logics (ontology). The purpose of this paper is an attempt to formulate a Reality Epistemology that can leverage our enormous successes in science to re-focus our attention to discovering nature's realities by understanding the physical processes behind all natural interactions that collectively make the cosmic evolution progressing forward. We underscore the deviation from seeking reality to justify the key premise of the paper. We can “see” (measure) the universe only through the “eyes” of the various sensors (detectors). None of these sensors are completely known to us as yet. All sensors also have inherently limited capabilities to respond to input signals and limited capabilities to “report” only a part of all that it experiences. We are thus forced to develop our mathematical theories mixing our human logics and incomplete information and hence they are all provisional and incomplete since they are predicting only correctly measured but limited report by the detector. Thus, we should be careful not to jump into conclusion that we have captured all the necessary cosmic logics behind the interactions involved. We dissect the measurement process in a generic way along with well defined steps to apply Reality Epistemology, which will jointly allow us to develop a scientific methodology of iteratively refining our “successful” human logics that can evolve towards our goal of capturing the cosmic logics. The core content of this paper was first presented at the 2007 QTRF-4 conference at the Vaxjo University [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No consensus seems to exist as to what constitutes a measurement which is still considered somewhat mysterious in many respects in quantum mechanics. At successive stages mathematical theory of measure, metrology and measurement theory tried to systematize this field but significant questions remain open about the nature of measurement, about the characterization of the observer, about the reliability of measurement processes etc. The present paper attempts to talk about these questions through the information science. We start from the idea, rather common and intuitive, that the measurement process basically acquires information. Next we expand this idea through four formal definitions and infer some corollaries regarding the measurement process from those definitions. Relativity emerges as the basic property of measurement from the present logical framework and this rather surprising result collides with the feeling of physicists who take measurement as a myth. In the closing this paper shows how the measurement relativity wholly consists with some effects calculated in QM and in Einstein's theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we show how hyper-complex analysis can be used to explicitly construct self-dual SU(2)-Yang-Mills instanton solutions on certain classes of conformally flat 4-manifolds. We shall use a hyper-complex argument principle to establish a natural link between the fundamental solutions of DΔf = 0 and the second Chern class of the SU(2) principal bundles over these manifolds. The considered base manifolds of the bundles are not simply-connected, in general. Actually, the paper summarizes an extension of the corresponding results of Gürsey and Tze on a hyper-complex analytical description of SU(2) instantons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature is the most critical parameter for controlling tissue ablation through HIFU. In this paper we introduce a new method to improve temperature estimation from ultrasound images taken during treatment. The most common way to monitor temperature change is through estimating the echo-strain which results from local changes in the speed of sound over a set of images. However, artifacts such as caused by the thermo-acoustic lens effect and from nonlinearities in the temperature coefficient of velocity, make this method unreliable even in images which are otherwise of very high quality, and unsuitable for use on its own on typical images, even after low pass filtering. In this paper we discuss improvements which result from including a model of the expected temperature distribution over space and time, derived from the heat equation. A Kalman filter, a well known stochastic estimator which allows the uncertainty in the model and echo strain measurements to be modelled explicitly, is used to predict temperature through determining the loci of contours of constant temperature. Suitable model parameters are derived through least squares fitting algorithm based on the temperature map. The results allow the extent of tissue damage caused by heating can be assessed readily. The model has been tested only on gel phantoms. Experimental results show that temperature contours can be estimated and tracked over time, offering potential for real time feedback to improve HIFU treatment. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the utility and relevance of general purpose codes such as ABAQUS in forming simulations. The paper discusses some of the technologies embedded in ABAQUS and how they can be useful to simulating and solving industrial forming problems. The paper demonstrates this with three relevant examples pertaining to stamping, sheet-stretching and forming of medical devices made out of super-elastic materials. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forming simulation technologies continues to develop at a rapid pace, to address formability, tolerance control, and product performance issues in an increasing range of processes, and in ever more detail. Springback prediction and compensation continue to evolve, with new concepts for improving the accuracy of the springback prediction for example by the incorporation of geometric drawbeads, and further refinement in compensation techniques. The paper highlights how the integration of simulation and geometry plays an ever more important role, in improving accuracy and reducing time. Other techniques which can help speed-up and improve simulation results for hydroforming, and tube bending are ‘classical’ and more recently ‘in-process’ optimization techniques. The paper will show the advantages on an industrial case, and the potential for the future. The paper will discuss how the PAM-STAMP 2G™ and PAM-TUBE 2G™ integrated solutions are successfully implemented to deliver a positive business impact, by providing virtual product quality assessment, tolerance control, and springback compensation. The paper will also discuss how new forming processes such as hot forming, superplastic forming, and tube hydroforming, can be accurately modeled using the new modules. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tries to give an alternative point of view of the use of Science nowadays. It also presents some reflexions to the scientists on the meaning of our work. It connects Science with other activities of the Economy and Society. Some general ideas are presented on the basis of previous work. The paper defends that workers of Science could make their job in a different way in the benefit of the whole humankind and of the preservation of Earth. So as to act this way a new socioeconomic system should be built. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the series of papers by Ida, Oda and Park, the complete description of Hawking radiation to the brane localized Standard model fields from mini black holes in the low energy gravity scenarios are obtained. In this proceedings, we briefly review what we have learned in those papers. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper refers to one of the new non-conventional forming procedures for sheets metal, namely incremental forming. Problems occurring during calculation of stress, thinning and the forces in the process of incremental sheet metal forming have been analyzed in this paper. The paper presents a comparison study based on the simulation by the finite element method of incremental sheet metal forming and experimental researches referred on the same process. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probability of Detection (POD) studies are typically conducted on EDM notches, “manufactured” crack specimens, or actual in-service crack specimens. The purpose of this paper is the education of the aerospace community in the subtle differences and benefits of using each specimen type. Data from previous POD studies are compared to data from teardown of a retired passenger aircraft, resulting in POD data from in-situ defects. Analysis of this data reveals similarities and differences between signals for four (4) types of specimens and four (4) nondestructive inspection (NDI) methods. Additionally, the paper provides an awareness of the assumptions used in each type of POD study, and potential consequences of violating such assumptions. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This short paper is a reply to Andrei Khrennikov’s challenge to give a concrete quantum-mechanical example where the Bayesian and frequentist approaches to probability lead to different predictions. The paper first reviews the difference between the Bayesian and frequentist approaches to hypothesis testing and then presents a simple example in quantum tomography for which Bayesian and frequentist predictions differ. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present form of quantum mechanics is based on the Copenhagen school of interpretation. Einstein did not belong to the Copenhagen school, because he did not believe in probabilistic interpretation of fundamental physical laws. This is the reason why we are still debating whether there is a more deterministic theory. One cause of this separation between Einstein and the Copenhagen school could have been that the Copenhagen physicists thoroughly ignored Einstein’s main concern: the principle of relativity. Paul A. M. Dirac was the first one to realize this problem. Indeed, from 1927 to 1963, Paul A. M. Dirac published at least four papers to study the problem of making the uncertainty relation consistent with Einstein’s Lorentz covariance. It is interesting to combine those papers by Dirac to make the uncertainty relation consistent with relativity. It is shown that the mathematics of two coupled oscillators enables us to carry out this job. We are then led to the question of whether the concept of localized probability distribution is consistent with Lorentz covariance. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we discuss the rationale why sub(super)-additive probabilities in a psychological setting could be explained via the use of quantum probability interference. We propose to measure the complementarity of two variables: i) time of processing (by experiment participants) of (non-moving) images and ii) the ability (by experiment participants) of recognizing deformations of (non-moving) pictures. We argue in the paper why we can not find this complementarity using the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. The paper provides for the details on the experimental set up to test the complementarity. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]