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One of the most challenging aspects of waste generation collection occurs during working hours. Sensors in smart cities are used to track the actual conditions of waste generation. These sensors assist in the monitoring of bin usage. However, controlling a single bin is impractical and requires many resources. Another approach will be to use historical data to assist decision-makers. Thus, based on historical data, this paper proposes an appropriate and effective method using recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to predict waste generation levels in smart cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) is one of the industry sectors that has the potential to grow in Indonesia. One of its subsectors, the home care industry, is expected to grow after the pandemic situation. Due to disruptive developments, FMCG has been forced to adopt an operational model that generates cost savings. The purpose of this study is to determine the best smart sensor technology to use in hygiene product factories, specifically for the capping process, as well as the most important criteria and sub-criteria for doing so. The Best-Worst Method (BWM) and the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) were used in this work to measure the weights of the criteria and sub-criteria and evaluate alternative technologies, respectively. The choice of technology to be evaluated considers 23 sub-criteria, including vision sensor, color sensor, and photoelectric sensor. The research led to the technological recommendation known as the smart color sensor, with the most important factors to consider being productivity, expected benefits, and testing simplicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of tofu whey wastewater are a high organic component content, which is classified as a severe environmental pollutant, posing harm to the environment. The research focused on designing and implementing a honeycomb anaerobic biodigester (Honeycomb Biodigester) for tofu whey processing. The research methodology involved the initial design of the Honeycomb Biodigester, which was based on a 120-liter cylinder with a honeycomb biofilter (hexagonal structure) made from activated carbon on a corrosion-resistant (PE) plate. The Honeycomb Biodigester was then applied in the tofu whey processing, starting with the acclimatization stage using a starter mixture of cow dung, water, and tofu whey (3:1:1) for 21 days. Subsequently, tofu whey was gradually added every day for 30 days. The measured parameters included volatile solids (gravimetry), volatile fatty acids (steam distillation/titrimetric), pH (pH meter), organic compound content using a GC-MS tool, and biogas/combustible gas content (smart sensor ST8900). The research results indicated that the microorganisms (MO) exhibited resilience under volatile fatty acids (VFA) conditions of 5693 mg/L and pH 7.8. The microorganisms demonstrated synergistic activity with fluctuations in volatile solids (VS/substrate) levels, showing a decrease from 74% to 53% in non-methanogenesis (MO non-methanogenesis) and changes in VFA (methanogenesis substrate) ranging from 5693 to 1024 mg/L. On the 21st day, the biogas (light gas) yield was approximately 64 percent. The performance of the honeycomb in the biodigester effectively controlled washed-out biomass, with zero percent detection of organic compound content on GC-MS at the slurry output of the Honeycomb Biodigester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart shopping cart is a type of cart that is equipped with advanced technology to enhance the shopping experience for customers. These carts typically have features such as a touch screen display, the ability to scan items as they are placed in the cart, and the ability to process payments. Some smart shopping carts may also be equipped with sensors that can track the items in the cart and suggest related products or offer discounts. The aim of a smart shopping cart is to make the shopping process more convenient and efficient for customers, while also providing retailers with valuable data on customer shopping habits and preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of an alarm clock robot is subject to countless possibilities. Before the turn of the century, alarm clocks still proved to be a modernist invention, but they were still largely confined within mechanical barriers. After twenty years, the majority of the user population wake up to the sound of electric clocks, or even their mobile device. This study explores the possibilities of robotics and the robot's function in the face of a task requiring it to wake its user up in the morning among users up to and including working age. Therefore, this article focuses on introducing the design and redesign process of robots through the design of third-generation robots, and uses two different computer aided design software examples; Tinkercad and Rhinoceros 7, as well as examples of intelligent sound sensors discovered on the internet. Contrary to what has often been assumed in the past, the introduction of a robotic design, different to traditional alarm clocks has shown great potential, perhaps even beyond its designated use as a conventional alarm clock with wheels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas sensors are beneficial in a wide range of applications, including environment monitoring, industrial, and safety. Ideal characteristics of the desired gas sensor include low cost, and low power usage. The major advancement was, the role of alloy material as heating aliment was analyzed, and presented a gas sensor with nichrome as heating element. The ZnO semiconductor metal oxide was used as sensing material. The presented sensor was designed and simulated using FEM tool. The required micro heater bias voltage is reduced. And the ZnO sensing material resistance vs thermal conductivity was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

with the hasty growth and extensive use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), it is imperative to enhance the security for WSNs. The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) is determined by growths of the Internet with the interconnectedness of diversified smart objects using dissimilar networking and communication technologies. Among countless basic networking technologies for the IoT, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology has become an essential building block. IoT empowered sensor networks to afford a wide variety of application areas such as smart homes, smart healthcare, smart cities and various solutions for the manufacturing industry. The incorporation of WSNs in IoT will also generate newfangled security challenges for launching secure channels sandwiched between low power sensor nodes and Internet hosts. The key management is an effective way to protect WSNs from various malicious attacks. This will lead to numerous challenges in designing new key establishment and authentication protocols. This paper discusses about several KMS Taxonomies and surveys and recent KMS which are applicable for WSN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to statistics from the Labour and Employment Ministry of India, for the years 2014-2016, forty-seven workers were injured and three died in accidents every day. A total of 3,562 workers have lost their lives while 51,124 were injured in accidents that occurred in factories across the country during that period. Industrial safety is pivotal for any manufacturing industry to prevent or lessen workplace injury. Fire extinguishers and fire exits are the two most important safety measures in case of a fire in the factory. But in most situations, accessibility to fire extinguishers and fire exits is blocked by cardboards, broken chairs, and other industrial waste that employees put there unknowingly. The main reason for this behavior is that fire extinguishers and fire exits are placed in open areas with large spaces so that accessibility to them would be easier. This has enabled employees to utilize the large open space to dump waste. To avoid these problems, we have developed an IoT-based smart sensor network to monitor fire extinguishers and fire exits for any obstacle that is blocking them. If there are any violations, the safety team will be notified of the location by the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inconsistent of power supply especially when travelling or having outdoor activities make people focus in finding the backup system which is standby generator. Therefore, this project focus on finding portable smart generator using solar panel that can automatically turn on and off through microcontroller implementation. Failure of the device will detect by microcontroller and notification will receive for next action. The Global system with mobile communication (GSM) was used to transmit the data from generator to mobile phone using short message service (SMS) for the generator status. Meanwhile, by using solar panel helps to overcome the batteries from overcharging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern organizations face numerous physical security threats, from fire hazards to more intricate concerns regarding surveillance and unauthorized personnel. Conventional standalone fire and intrusion detection solutions must be installed and maintained independently, which leads to high capital and operational costs. Nonetheless, due to recent developments in smart sensors, computer vision techniques, and wireless communication technologies, these solutions can be integrated in a modular and low-cost manner. This work introduces Integrated Physical Security System (IP2S), a multi-agent system capable of coordinating diverse Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and actuators for an efficient mitigation of multiple physical security events. The proposed system was tested in a live case study that combined fire and intrusion detection in an industrial shop floor environment with four different sectors, two surveillance cameras, and a firefighting robot. The experimental results demonstrate that the integration of several events in a single automated system can be advantageous for the security of smart buildings, reducing false alarms and delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key benefit of the simulated PZT type-8 material two axis MEMS Scanner for LIDAR Applications is cost and size reduction. Microscopy, LiDAR, and biological imaging all use MEMS technology in conjunction with the proper mirrors and control systems. A low voltage scanning mirror is proposed in this article to take into account applications like LiDAR, particularly for UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and gesture recognition. A lever structure made of suitable materials, such as PZT ceramic, can achieve Low Power Consumption although the scanning mirror should have a respectable FOV (Field Of View). To achieve a wide FOV and dual axis MEMS mirror acquisition, the proper activation mechanisms are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Chatbot is an artificial intelligence-based software system that imitates human communication with Artificial Intelligence. It is formulated to be the eventual personal assistant for amusement, assisting with tasks like respond to queries, obtaining driving instructions, augmenting the sensors in a smart house and playing preferred music among others. Chatbots are becoming increasingly common among companies due to their ability to minimize consumer care costs and manage various users at once. However, to perform these many tasks we need the chatbot to be as efficient as possible. To provide a solution to this, we develop Chatbot incorporated with Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML) and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). AIML is utilized to response for standard and common queries namely, such welcoming and greetings. Although LSA can be used to answer at any time for service-related questions, ensuring user satisfaction. Any college (or) academy may utilize this chatbot to answer the questions. Due to the advent of deep learning technology, this study provides research opportunity in Chatbots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased car density has a significant negative impact on the city's quality of life. As a result, parking in densely populated areas with many cars often results in more driving time in search of free space, which can contribute to pollution. Although there are numerous new smart parking systems, the majority of them are designed for close parking. At the moment, no sensors or technologies are used for open parking spaces, such as those found in commercial complexes. Smart parking sensors and technology can help drivers find parking more easily and efficiently. The inefficiency of parking management for open parking is discussed in this paper. From the literature search it is concluded that currently, an image processing technique was used to solve the problem of open parking space is the best solution. This is because many cars are driving around unnecessarily in search of a free parking space. This can be mitigated by providing drivers with information about available parking spaces in an open parking area. The image processing technique is used to guide the driver in determining which area has a vacant parking slot. To determine the number of available parking spaces, several images of open parking areas were captured and analyzed using image processing techniques. The discovery reveals that as the value of the overall parking space increases, so does the value of marker sizes and font size. The equation of a straight line is derived from the graphs to represent the real-life equation of each graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now a day as technology is rapidly increasing in the way to communication has also changed. Mostly the communication became wireless and based on the near field communications (NFC). NFC becomes very familiar in the case of the payment methods and also in many Applications based on NFCs. This paper is mainly based on the tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS). Where we can use a pressure sensor to detect the pressure of a tire in any bicycle using wireless communication. Also using these NFCs can allow people to integrate loyalty in daily life as credit, debit cards, etc. and this brings innovation in mobile communications also. Like many ways to communicate it enables to make it easy to communicate using the smart sensors as like we used the pressure sensor to detect the pressure of the tire helps to prevent the damages occur by the excessive or lack of pressure in a tire. It is also one of the applications of the pressure sensor which we are using in TPMS is MPX 5500 is also has the principle of pressure sensor techniques Knowing that the pressure is the main parameter in this TPMS vehicles behavior is mostly depend on the pressure as like stability, fuel consumption, maneuverability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]