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Brain, Decision Making, and Mental Health acknowledges that thinking is not a constant phenomenon but varies considerably across cultures. Critical thinking is particularly important in bridging thinking divisions and its applicability across sciences, particularly medical sciences. We see critical thinking as educable and the arts as means to achieve this purpose. We address the multidimensional relationship between thinking and health and related mechanisms. Thinking mainly affects emotion regulation and executive function; in other words, both mental and physical health are related as a function of thoughts. Considering the thinking‐feeling‐emotion regulation/executive function pathway, it would be reasonable to propose thinking capacities‐based interventions to impact emotion regulation and executive function, such as mindfulness and psychotherapy. We review decision-making taking place in integrated and social contexts and discuss the decision-making styles-decision outcomes relation. Finally, artificial thinking and intelligence prepare us for decision-making outside the human mind.

A general organismic-causal theory that explicates working memory and executive function developmentally, clarifying the nature of human intelligence.In The Working Mind, Juan Pascual-Leone and Janice M. Johnson propose a general organismic-causal theory that explicates working memory and executive function developmentally and by doing so clarifies the nature of human intelligence. Pascual-Leone and Johnson explain'from within'(that is, from a subject's own processing perspective) cognitive developmental stages of growth, describing key causal factors that can account for the emergence of the working mind as a functional totality. Among these factors is a maturationally growing mental attention.

A look at the extraordinary ways the brain turns thoughts into actions—and how this shapes our everyday livesWhy is it hard to text and drive at the same time? How do you resist eating that extra piece of cake? Why does staring at a tax form feel mentally exhausting? Why can your child expertly fix the computer and yet still forget to put on a coat? From making a cup of coffee to buying a house to changing the world around them, humans are uniquely able to execute necessary actions. How do we do it? Or in other words, how do our brains get things done? In On Task, cognitive neuroscientist David Badre presents the first authoritative introduction to the neuroscience of cognitive control—the remarkable ways that our brains devise sophisticated actions to achieve our goals. We barely notice this routine part of our lives. Yet, cognitive control, also known as executive function, is an astonishing phenomenon that has a profound impact on our well-being.Drawing on cutting-edge research, vivid clinical case studies, and examples from daily life, Badre sheds light on the evolution and inner workings of cognitive control. He examines issues from multitasking and willpower to habitual errors and bad decision making, as well as what happens as our brains develop in childhood and change as we age—and what happens when cognitive control breaks down. Ultimately, Badre shows that cognitive control affects just about everything we do.A revelatory look at how billions of neurons collectively translate abstract ideas into concrete plans, On Task offers an eye-opening investigation into the brain's critical role in human behavior.

A look at the extraordinary ways the brain turns thoughts into actions—and how this shapes our everyday livesWhy is it hard to text and drive at the same time? How do you resist eating that extra piece of cake? Why does staring at a tax form feel mentally exhausting? Why can your child expertly fix the computer and yet still forget to put on a coat? From making a cup of coffee to buying a house to changing the world around them, humans are uniquely able to execute necessary actions. How do we do it? Or in other words, how do our brains get things done? In On Task, cognitive neuroscientist David Badre presents the first authoritative introduction to the neuroscience of cognitive control—the remarkable ways that our brains devise sophisticated actions to achieve our goals. We barely notice this routine part of our lives. Yet, cognitive control, also known as executive function, is an astonishing phenomenon that has a profound impact on our well-being.Drawing on cutting-edge research, vivid clinical case studies, and examples from daily life, Badre sheds light on the evolution and inner workings of cognitive control. He examines issues from multitasking and willpower to habitual errors and bad decision making, as well as what happens as our brains develop in childhood and change as we age—and what happens when cognitive control breaks down. Ultimately, Badre shows that cognitive control affects just about everything we do.A revelatory look at how billions of neurons collectively translate abstract ideas into concrete plans, On Task offers an eye-opening investigation into the brain's critical role in human behavior.

This book is devoted to the executive, emotional, social, and integrative functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The PFC has usually been studied only with its executive function or with its emotional function, but recent studies indicate that the PFC plays important roles in integrating executive and emotional functions as well as in social behavior. The first part of the book reviews the functional organization of the PFC in human and nonhuman primates. The subsequent part focuses on the integrator of executive and emotional functions. The third part presents the integrator of executive and social functions, and the final part discusses the default mode of brain activities. There are chapters on animal studies, because functional significance of the PFC cannot be described without referring to those studies. Thus many methodologies are presented such as human neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and stimulation studies, and animal neuropsychological, neurophysiological, neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and neuroimaging studies. Bringing those together, this volume provides a timely and concise picture of the function of the PFC. The result is a valuable resource for students and scientists, providing up-to-date information on this emerging research topic.

This book presents comprehensive coverage of the RASopathies, one of the largest known recognizable patterns of malformation syndromes, affecting approximately 1 in 1,000 people. These syndromes include neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, Costello syndrome, cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome, Legius syndrome, capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome, SYNGAP1 syndrome and central conducting lymphatic anomalies. Noted physician and authority Katherine Rauen and an assembly of the top international experts present detailed discussions of both the science and clinical implications of these fascinating disorders. The major topics covered in this book include the syndromes and genes, the RAS pathway, phenotypic features, animal modeling and treatments. The book will appeal to a wide audience, including clinicians and basic scientists alike such as medical geneticists, genetics counsellors, oncologists, neurologists, cardiologists, dermatologists, behavioralists, orthopedists, ophthalmologists, neuroscientists, RAS biologists, and signal transductionists. This book is also intended for advocate leaders, trainees, and families with RASopathies.

Handbook of Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis provides an up-to-date introduction into multiple sclerosis disease, including new findings on the pathophysiological processes, the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. This book includes in-depth chapters exploring the use of conventional and non-conventional imaging methods. These chapters cover magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) specific topics such as measurement of brain atrophy and susceptibility-weighted imaging. Additional chapters explore the use of additional imaging methods such as positron emission tomography (PET), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and high field MRI (use of 7T MRI scanners). - Reviews all non-conventional imaging modalities currently developed in the field of multiple sclerosis - Written by an international list of authors that are very highly regarded in the very specific field of their respective chapter - Includes information regarding the basics of acquisition and analysis that would allow researchers set-up their own MRI research

This book focuses on the clinical and preclinical research on traumatic brain injuries where age at time of injury (young versus aged) reveals both parallel and divergent findings at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels with insights into alterations in brain structure and function and the implications for recovery. The authors address the hurdles that have been overcome, consider new directions inspired by the most recent research, and the value of data sharing and evidenced based-practice. Traumatic Brain Injuries: Tackling the Unique Terrain of the Injured Young and Aged Brain explores the challenges imposed by an injury that not only causes tissue damage but disrupts brain development and may incite pathological events in the aging brain. With the proliferation of the research literature in traumatic brain injuries, this is the time for a book that surveys the landscape and assesses where the field is headed and what is needed moving forward.

The book delves into the multifaceted world of migraine pain, offering a profound understanding of its underlying pathophysiology and presenting established treatment strategies for its effective management. It discusses the intricate world of migraine pain, offering valuable insights into its diverse aspects. Starting with an exploration of migraine's epidemiology and etiology and the complex factors contributing to this debilitating headache disorder. This book explores the significance of lifestyle changes and offers practical strategies for incorporation. Furthermore, the impact of diet and nutrients on migraine management is extensively covered, shedding light on their role in alleviating symptoms. This book serves as a comprehensive guide, blending scientific insights with practical approaches, making it an indispensable resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, and individuals seeking a deeper understanding of migraine pain. By addressing both established practices and cutting-edge advancements, it bridges the gap between knowledge and effective management, offering a holistic perspective on this challenging condition.

This book reviews all aspects of major depressive disorder (MDD), casting light on its neurobiological underpinnings and describing the most recent advances in management. The book is divided into four sections, the first of which discusses MDD from a network science perspective, highlighting the alterations in functional and structural connectivity and presenting insights achieved through resting state functional MRI and the development of neuroimaging-based biomarkers. The second section examines important diagnostic and neurobiological issues, while the third considers the currently available specific treatments for MDD, including biofeedback, neurofeedback, cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, neuromodulation therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and complementary and alternative medicine. A concluding section is devoted to promising emerging treatments, from novel psychopharmacological therapies through to virtual reality treatment, immunotherapy, biomarker-guided tailored therapy, and more. Written by leading experts from across the world, the book will be an excellent source of information for both researchers and practitioners.

This is the first book to extensively explore the current state-of-the-art and promise of engram cells, the closest physical approximation of the memory trace to date. Converging evidence suggests that memories are stored, at least in part, as specific populations of engram cells. In this book, the leading experts in engram biology share their continuously refined insights on how engram cells contribute to information encoding and storage, across diverse brain regions and behavioral modalities. “Engrams: A Window into the Memory Trace'is broad in scope and spans molecular, cellular, circuit, computational as well as societal-philosophical aspects of memory engrams. Particular emphasis is placed on their emerging translational value for memory dysfunctions in age and stress-related disorders.

Neuroscience of Coffee, Volume 289 is a pioneering volume that delves into the intricate relationship between one of the world's most beloved beverages and the human brain. Offering a comprehensive exploration of the biochemical and physiological mechanisms underlying coffee's impact on the nervous system, this groundbreaking book transcends traditional coffee literature by focusing specifically on the neurological aspects. Chapters in this new release include Coffee and Parkinson's Disease, Coffee and Alzheimer's Disease, Coffee and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Coffee and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Exploring the Complex Relationship Between Caffeine Consumption and Schizophrenia: A Review of Epidemiological and Clinical Studies, and much more.Additional chapters explore Coffee, Antioxidants, and Brain Inflammation, Behavioral and Psychological Aspects of Coffee Consumption, From Bean to Brain: Coffee, Gray Matter, and Neuroprotection in Neurological Disorders Spectrum, and Synaptic Modulation by Coffee Compounds: Insights into Neural Plasticity. - Provides an in-Depth Exploration of Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms - Investigates the intricate biochemical and physiological processes that underscore the impact of coffee and its constituents, providing essential insights for professionals and students in neuroscience - Covers Mental Health and Neurodegenerative Diseases - Offers valuable resources for healthcare professionals and individuals affected by these neurological and neurodegenerative conditions

This book will provide a concise, focused overview of methods of neurological examination, enabling a focused clinical approach for localization in patients with neurological disorders. Chapters provide a systematic approach for clinical examination along with essential aspects of the neuro-anatomy to provide specific information about disease localization. This book assists medical students pursuing DM/DNB- Neurology, MCH -Neurosurgery, MD/DNB- Internal medicine, MBBS students, and Clinicians, including Neurologists, Neurosurgeons, Internal medicine physicians, and other neuro-scientists. It provides a unique opportunity to formulate correct concepts for clinical neurological examination and hence localization but also provides the opportunity to quickly revise the entire book in a short time.

The Neuroscience of Coffee is a pioneering volume that delves into the intricate relationship between one of the world's most beloved beverages and the human brain. Offering a comprehensive exploration of the biochemical and physiological mechanisms underlying coffee's impact on the nervous system, this groundbreaking book transcends traditional coffee literature by focusing specifically on the neurological aspects. From deciphering the molecular intricacies of caffeine to examining the complex interactions within the nervous system, the volume provides an unprecedented insight into how coffee influences brain function, mental health, and neurodegenerative diseases. It addresses the growing interest in understanding everyday dietary choices and their neurological implications, filling a crucial gap in accessible yet detailed resources. This book not only contributes to the evolving field of neuroscience but also serves as a valuable guide for professionals, students, and informed laypersons seeking a deeper understanding of coffee's effects on brain health and overall well-being. - In-Depth Exploration of Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms: Investigate into the intricate biochemical and physiological processes that underscore the impact of coffee and its constituents, providing essential insights for professionals and students in neuroscience. - Comprehensive Coverage of Mental Health and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Unique chapters dedicated to exploring coffee's relationship with mental health conditions and neurodegenerative diseases, offering valuable resources for healthcare professionals and individuals affected by these conditions. - Balanced Perspective on Health Benefits and Risks: Presenting a nuanced analysis, the volume provides a comprehensive understanding of both the potential health benefits and risks associated with coffee consumption, empowering readers to make informed decisions about their coffee intake.

This book presents the latest knowledge, trends, and advances in cell transplantation and innovations in developing microspheres, 3D biomaterial constructs to enhance transfer, and cell survival to specific regions of the brain. Neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury are increasing. Medications currently only temporarily reduce some of the symptoms but do not cure or delay progression of the disease. Development of effective treatments dramatically improves the independent living and quality of life of patients. Cell transplantation strategies offer an approach to facilitating brain repair, but efficacy is often limited by low in vivo survival rates of cells that are injected in suspension. Transplanting cells that are attached to or encapsulated within a biomaterial construct has the advantage of maintaining cell-cell and cell-material interactions and improving cell survival in vivo. Biomaterials that have been used in preclinical studies to assist with in vivo cell transfer and survival include heparin-chitosan microspheres, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres, RADA 16 microspheres, poly(desaminotyrosyl tyrosine ethyl ester carbonate) microscale scaffolds, carbon nanotubes, collagen-chitosan scaffolds, poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds, agarose hydrogels, gelatin methacrylate hydrogels, and agarose micro-columns with an extracellular matrix interior. Incorporating growth factors (e.g., glial-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin 3) into the biomaterial constructs increased cell survival and incorporation into the host tissue. International experts in the fields of both experimental and clinical neurological research contribute chapters to this book and discuss the latest achievements in cell transplantation and matrix-assisted cell transfer/survival technologies for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and brain injuries such as stroke and traumatic brain injury. It is envisaged that research findings in experimental animal models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, and stroke promote clinical trials using biomaterial-assisted transfer of cells.

This book provides an answer to the readers about scientific perspective on learning. It presents a culminating point of four different kinds of studies designed to measure and understand the nuances of brain functioning. The objective of this book is to find answers to four questions: (1) can there be a neuroscientific understanding of the concept of individual differences? (2) does rhythmic sound or noise have an impact on decision making? (3) how does transfer of learning between the hemispheres facilitate the learning process? and lastly (4) beyond the accepted ways of communicating verbally and non-verbally is silent communication possible? This book makes an attempt to address these issues through various aspects of inner-conscious engineering.

AN AMAZON EDITORS'BEST BOOKS OF 2024 PICK'Completely transformed my way of thinking about dreams.'–Jay ShettyDreaming is one of the most underappreciated functions of the human brain, yet our very survival as a species depends on it. In This Is Why You Dream, dual-trained neuroscientist and neurosurgeon Dr. Rahul Jandial explores the landscape of our subconscious, tracing the latest cutting-edge dream research and brain science to show why humans have retained the ability to dream across millennia, and how we can now harness its wondrous powers to improve our sleeping and waking lives.There's so much dreaming does for us. It fortifies our ability to regulate emotions. It stores memories, amplifies creativity, and promotes learning. It helps us process trauma and prepare for future upheaval. Dreams can even forecast future mental and physical ailments, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.Dreams can also be put to use. Dr. Jandial walks you through how to use lucid dreaming to practice skills that translate into real-life improvements, how to rewrite nightmares, and what your dreams reveal about your deepest desires. Ultimately, This Is Why You Dream opens the door to one of our oldest and most vital functions, and unlocks its potential to radically transform our lives.

Break out of negative patterns, relieve anxiety, build new habits, and find fresh motivation by using the groundbreaking'sense foraging'technique How do you make a change in your life when the tools you used to rely on start letting you down? Whether we're struggling with a problem, a bad habit, or life in general, we often think we need to “tough it out” or “try harder.” But when we do that, our brains double down on the patterns that got us stuck in the first place. Fortunately, the science of sensation provides the key. In Better in Every Sense, neuroscientist Norman Farb and clinical psychologist Zindel Segal explain that the brain has two networks—the rapid problem-solving (habit) network and the sensory network, which is devoted to fresh insight. By tuning into sensations—from the feeling of our feet on a crowded street to the sound of birdsong in the park—we can engage the sensory network. When we're stressed or stuck, we can use the technique of'sense foraging'to boost our resilience, well-being, health, and creativity wherever we are. Grounded in decades of scientific research and filled with simple exercises and practical mental techniques, Better in Every Sense explores the power of sensory experiences to liberate us from ruts and dead ends—and handle all of life's challenges.

This important new book presents an introduction to Environmental Neuroscience, an emerging field devoted to the study of brain-mediated bidirectional relationships between organisms and their physical environments. Environmental Neuroscience offers a novel perspective in the human neurosciences, which have typically focused on the individual isolated from its natural habitat. The book presents the theoretical background of the field, discusses how the environment impacts humans and how humans impact the environment, explores the neuroscience of the built environment, and addresses special populations and presents different methodological approaches. Environmental Neuroscience bringing together the top authorities in the field, will appeal to neuroscientists and to a range of scholars from public health, urban studies, human geography, and architecture who are searching for guidance on what characterizes a health-promoting environment.

The book delves into the fascinating intersection of neuroscience and negotiation, offering a groundbreaking exploration into how our brains influence and are influenced by the negotiation process. With an emphasis on practical application, this book is designed to equip readers with a deep understanding of the neurological mechanisms during negotiations, empowering them to optimize their approach and achieve better outcomes in business deals. Structured for both accessibility and depth, the book begins with an exploration of the fundamental principles of negotiation neuroscience, providing readers with a solid foundation of knowledge. It then progresses to more advanced topics, such as the role of emotions, cognitive biases, and decision-making processes in negotiations. Each chapter is rich with real-world examples, case studies, and practical tips, ensuring readers can immediately apply their newfound insights to their negotiation scenarios. In today's rapidly evolving business landscape, where successful negotiation skills are essential for navigating complex deals and relationships, understanding the neuroscience behind negotiation is more crucial than ever.

This new book extensively explores a range of topics related to astrocyte-neuron interactions under multiple conditions, in both health and disease. These include the types of interactions that occur during development and the establishment of neuronal circuits that underlie learning and memory formation in various animal models as well as humans. Furthermore, the book addresses topics on how these interactions go awry in disease and injury. In addition, the authors propose inspiring new avenues to explore therapeutic approaches using astrocytes as targets. A cadre of international experts presents a broad range of views on the state-of-the-art of astrocyte-neuron interactions.

This book is focused on how understanding ourselves as humans is incomplete without considering both biological and cultural aspects. Using the neurocultural perspective, the book explores how everything in the world is filtered back and forth through the brain and culture. The thrust of the book, therefore, is to explore the power of art in creating a bridge between cultural and neuroscientific lines of inquiry. Looking at both clinical and non-clinical populations, the text examines historical foundations, distinguishes congenital/developmental conditions from those that are acquired, and emphasizes how the brain constructs our sensory experiences. Several distinctive features separate this research from other publications. First, the book opens with a review of how the historical literature is still etched into the ideas we employ to explain elements across the interdisciplinary fields of art, aesthetics, our sensory experience, psychology, cognition, and well-being. Second, the research adopts a humanistic rather than a philosophical or social science perspective in demonstrating the value of coupling anatomy and physiology with the natural and social environment. In this, artists from all genres are incorporated. Among them are Iris Murdoch, Ludwig van Beethoven, Leonardo da Vinci, Cristoforo de Predis, Rembrandt, Federico Fellini, Chuck Close, and David Hockney. Case studies demonstrate how neuroscientific research meshes with art, individual, and cultural variables in ways that range from health and well-being to physiological decline and biological traumas. These include a case study that examines how Oliver Sacks combined biology and biography in his writings. It also explores art projects in several genres inspired by his studies. Another case study is on the role of film as a useful clinical tool. Here the book also demonstrates that cinematic devices used by filmmakers intersect with perceptual and cognitive neuroscience. A defining feature of the analysis is the integration of research on brain injuries with humanistic responses in film, literature, and the visual arts. This section outlines the lack of consensus regarding the causes and treatment of “shell shock” in World War I before introducing how research and art now work with PTSD/TBI. Finally, the book examines therapeutic cases of professional and non-professional artists, concluding with a discussion of synesthesia and the senses.

Free Imagination argues that the brain's capacity to imagine is the fundamental basis of human Free Will. Laws of physics need not apply in our internal simulations, so virtually anything is possible there. And since some of our actions can follow from that which we imagine, especially from processes of deliberation that involve imagining possible scenarios and outcomes, our actions inherit the freedom of our imaginings. The creative power of the human imagination may have evolved as a consequence of the demodularization of neural circuitry associated with volitional attentional operations over operands downloadable into a mental workspace where, virtually, anything could be combined with anything else. This new cognitive architecture gave rise to the danger of psychosis. Our schizotypal form of imagination, arising from the promiscuous, generative and iterative combination of disencapsulated operators and operands in a mental workspace, may have evolved only in humans by exapting from existing motoric and other operations involved in volitional hand dexterity to a domain of premotoric simulation. What we imagine into existence can be used for good or evil. Imagination is therefore our greatest tool and weapon. When applied to ourselves, it allows us the possibility of reimagining and then transforming ourselves in light of second-order desires. This gives us the ability to choose to become a new kind of chooser in the future. Other animals lack this second-order Free Will; although they can do otherwise, they cannot want to become otherwise than they are, making them amoral. This book explores the idea that because humans, in contrast, have second-order Free Will, they can be moral or immoral.

This book intends to present a series of insights coming from in-depth investigation of brain and mathematical cognition in Chinese population. Specifically, the book introduces research on the associations among number sense, visual form perception and mathematical fluency; symbolic and non-symbolic mental number line; and the role of spatial modeling and logical inference in mathematical problem solving. The book summarizes author's previous studies on the involvement of semantic network other than visuospatial network in mathematical cognition. The three-component mathematical model that comes out of more than 10 years of research on mathematical cognition is introduced. The book presents the effect of learning experience on arithmetic-related brain system. Chinese abacus that can be used to eradicate developmental dyscalculia in classroom is briefly discussed. Special attention in this book is paid to mathematical anxiety and mathematical learning disorders in Chinese schoolchildren. Finally, gender differences in mathematical cognition are also reviewed.

The book explores the intricate relationship between nutrition, brain function, and psychiatric disorders. The first section of the book delves into the neurobiological aspects of psychiatric disorders, including the neuroanatomy, neuropathology, biochemical and neuropharmacology factors that play a role in the development of these disorders. It also discusses the impact of human nutrition on brain function and the implications of nutrition and metabolism on psychological functioning. The next section focuses on the diet-brain connection, exploring nutritional psychiatry and the current state of evidence, the role of the microbiome, and the effects of certain foods such as chocolate and coffee on mood and mood disorders. The chapters also examine the impact of diet on mental health and cognition across the lifespan and provides a case study of the relationship between diet and psychological health. In the final section, the book delves into the nutritional treatment of psychiatric disorders, including the psychopharmacology of psychiatric disorders and food intake, and multidisciplinary approaches to psychiatric treatment.. Overall, this book offers a comprehensive and evidence-based examination of the complex relationship between nutrition, brain function, and psychiatric disorders, and provides a foundation for further research and development of effective nutritional interventions for the treatment of these disorders.

This book discusses the role of artificial intelligence in neurological disorders, including, alleviating movement disorders, psychiatric disorders, diagnosis of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, dementia, neuronal cancer, neuronal Infections, and brain diseases. It explores applications of artificial intelligence in the early diagnosis, prognosis, and development of new therapies against neurodegenerative disorders. This book also provides cutting-edge research using AI for studying neuroimage analysis, toward the discovery of new biological pathways and systems implicated in dementia and related diseases. It also reviews AI-based interventions in depression research and treatment. The chapter also examines the potential benefits of using AI to help manage depression, from improved access to coordinated care. This book is an essential source for students, researchers, academicians, and neurologists aiming to understand AI-based approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of neurological disorders.

This new volume provides a scientifically based exploration of the multifaceted world of endogenous opioids, including endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins, endomorphins, and orphanin FQ/nociceptin, featuring a strong translational focus. Topics covered range from basic scientific investigations, to clinical applications, to investigations in areas such as oncology, childbirth, and disordered eating, to psychosocial contexts such as volunteering and positive emotions. One of the main goals of Endogenous Opioids is to provide recommendations for new directions in medical research and health policy that are rooted in sound scientific research.

Unveil the next frontier in neurodegenerative disorder research with Integrating Neuroimaging, Computational Neuroscience, and Artificial Intelligence. This groundbreaking book goes beyond traditional approaches, utilizing the power of interdisciplinary integration to illuminate new pathways in diagnosis and treatment. From AI-driven diagnostics to computational neuroscience models, this book showcases the forefront of innovation. Join us in exploring the future of neurodegenerative care, where collaboration and cutting-edge technology converge to redefine possibilities.Key Features: Integrates diverse fields of research, from neuroimaging to computational neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence. Emphasizes the translation of research findings into practical applications, ultimately benefitting patients and clinical practice. Reviews the implementation of Artificial Intelligence and computational models in diagnostic settings. Elucidates the current state of translational neuroscience exploring potential areas for further research and collaboration, including personalized treatments and drug development. Contributions from an international team of experts from diverse disciplines.

Advances in Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment, Volume 178 in the International Review in Neurobiology series, presents a comprehensive exploration of emerging therapies and approaches in the field. Topics in this new release include Introduction: Current Treatments, Oxytocin and Vasopressin, Neuroactive steroids, Pharmacological activators of ALDH2, Anti inflammatories and mesenchymal stem cells, Sodium oxybate, Psychedelic compounds, Cannabinoids, Environmental Enrichment, Animal models and translational challenges, GABAergic compounds, and Ghrelin system and GLP-1. - Explores neurobiological, pharmacological, and unconventional modalities for treating AUD - Integrates insights from leading experts, bridging pre-clinical and clinical viewpoints - Investigates new compounds and cutting-edge research in AUD treatment

Executive Brain Vitality: Achieving Optimal Brain Health and Maintenance presents research on the effect of brain exercise as a preventative measure for neurodegenerative diseases and other conditions. This volume examines the neurological impact of such exercises from research to clinical application, offering up-to-date research and practical steps. The current book will be of interest to researchers in neurodegeneration and chronic disease as well as practitioners and clinicians interested in the preventative approach in medicine. - Discusses how to maintain and improve brain health - Includes how to mitigate chronic diseases - Provides practices for brain health and fitness - Suggests preventative exercises for neurodegenerative conditions

Advances in the Psychobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms features international experts from the fields of psychobiology, sleep research and chronobiology to address and review cutting-edge scientific literature concerning recent advances in the psychobiology of sleep, sleep disorders, such as sleep apnoea and insomnia, and circadian rhythms, across the lifespan.In this illuminating volume, Melinda L. Jackson and Sean P.A. Drummond bring together leading international researchers to review cross-cutting issues in the field, including sleep and pain, sleep and dementia risk, and sleep issues in paediatric populations as well as the interaction between sleep and health conditions in different populations. The chapters offer coverage of the major explanatory models which underpin the empirical work as well as a discussion of the relevant theoretical and conceptual models on issues arising with specific psychiatric and medical disorders, including depression, dementia, posttraumatic stress disorder and pain. They also address new research in the area of chronobiology, and circadian impacts on health and diseases. The chapters also discuss important methodological and ethical issues arising in research and include sections addressing implications for public policy and practitioner interventions in the context of different social and cultural environments.This volume will be a crucial resource for professionals, practitioners and researchers engaged in the field as well as for postgraduate and upper-level undergraduate students undertaking research in areas related to psychobiology, neuropsychology, health psychology and other disciplines such as biology, physiology and psychopharmacology.

Neurophysiology of Silence: Consciousness and Self Awareness, Volume 284 in the Progress in Brain Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in Progress in Brain Research serials - Updated release includes the latest information on Neurophysiology of Silence: Consciousness and Self Awareness

A New York Times Editors'ChoiceA Next Big Idea Club and Sierra Magazine Must-Read BookA Behavioral Scientist's Summer Book List PickA Financial Times Best Summer BookA deeply reported, eye-opening book about climate change, our brains, and the weight of nature on us all. The march of climate change is stunning and vicious, with rising seas, extreme weather, and oppressive heat blanketing the globe. But its effects on our very brains constitute a public-health crisis that has gone largely unreported. Based on seven years of research, this book by the award-winning journalist and trained neuroscientist Clayton Page Aldern, synthesizes the emerging neuroscience, psychology, and behavioral economics of global warming and brain health. A masterpiece of literary journalism, this book shows readers how a changing environment is changing us today, from the inside out. Aldern calls it the weight of nature. Hotter temperatures make it harder to think clearly and problem-solve. They increase the chance of impulsive violence. Immigration judges are more likely to reject asylum applications on hotter days. Umpires, to miss calls. Air pollution, heatwaves, and hurricanes can warp and wear on memory, language, and sensory systems; wildfires seed PTSD. And climate-fueled ecosystem changes extend the reach of brain-disease carriers like mosquitos, brain-eating amoebas, and the bats that brought us the mental fog of long COVID. How we feel about climate change matters deeply; but this is a book about much more than climate anxiety. As Aldern richly details, it is about the profound, direct action of global warming on our brains and behavior—and the most startling portrait yet of unforeseen environmental influences on our minds. From farms in the San Joaquin Valley and public schools across the United States to communities in Norway's Arctic, the Micronesian islands, and the French Alps, this book is an unprecedented portrait of a global crisis we thought we understood.

This book addresses the growing need for machine learning and data mining in neuroscience. The book offers a basic overview of the neuroscience, machine learning and the required math and programming necessary to develop reliable working models. The material is presented in a easy to follow user-friendly manner and is replete with fully working machine learning code. Machine Learning for Neuroscience: A Systematic Approach, tackles the needs of neuroscience researchers and practitioners that have very little training relevant to machine learning. The first section of the book provides an overview of necessary topics in order to delve into machine learning, including basic linear algebra and Python programming. The second section provides an overview of neuroscience and is directed to the computer science oriented readers. The section covers neuroanatomy and physiology, cellular neuroscience, neurological disorders and computational neuroscience. The third section of the book then delves into how to apply machine learning and data mining to neuroscience and provides coverage of artificial neural networks (ANN), clustering, and anomaly detection. The book contains fully working code examples with downloadable working code. It also contains lab assignments and quizzes, making it appropriate for use as a textbook. The primary audience is neuroscience researchers who need to delve into machine learning, programmers assigned neuroscience related machine learning projects and students studying methods in computational neuroscience.

Encyclopedia of the Human Brain, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set builds on the success of the first edition, providing neuroscience researchers with the ideal'one-stop'resource on all topics related to human brain understanding. Given the length of time since the first edition published, EHB2 is thoroughly revised, with substantial updates on many new and exciting topics, including areas such as human neuroimaging, non-invasive brain stimulation, molecular biology (including genetics and epigenetics), and the clinical diagnoses of brain disorders, along with chapters exploring the introduction of new theoretical and methodological ideas in areas ranging from cognitive neuroscience to evolution of the human brain. In total, there are 440 articles – a vast increase from 224 previously - thus reflecting the huge explosion in neuroscience research during the last 20 years. EHB2 provides a brand new generation of neuroscientists with the perfect tool with which to learn and master the fundamentals of how and why the human brain operates as it does. - Provides a comprehensive and up-to-date resource for exploring the human brain - Includes timely, key topics, providing an excellent overview of the field in a thematically structured one-stop shop location - Moves from an alphabetical structure to a systems/topic approach that is more fruitful for specialized readers and allows easier serendipity to less expert readers

This comprehensive and authoritative reference presents the state-of-the-art computational methods applied to the field of neurosurgery. The book brings together leading neuroscientists, neurosurgeons, mathematicians, computer scientists, engineers, ethicists and lawyers, to open the new frontier of computational neurosurgery to a broad audience interested in the translational field of the application of computational models, such as deep learning, to the study of the brain and the practical applications of neurosurgery. The focus is primarily clinical, and there is a solid foundation of research aspects. With forewords by Michael L.J. Apuzzo and Enrico Coiera, the book is organized into 2 sections: (1) tenets of computational modeling, artificial intelligence, computational analysis, and analysis software; (2) computational neurosurgery applications, including neurodiagnostics, neuro-oncology, vascular neurosurgery, all the neurosurgical disciplines, surgical approaches, intraoperative applications, and ethics and legal aspects.

Drawing on a major discovery with tremendous implications, an Australian researcher uncovers the source of human creativity and learning in the functioning of a supergene she calls the knowledge gene.Over 500,000 years ago, a single gene mutated. It spread over time, becoming critical in the journey that transformed our earliest ancestors into fully modern humans, capable of navigating the entire planet and beyond. A few thousand years ago, humans started outsourcing knowledge to writing, displacing art and music from the heart of learning. This is the extraordinary story of a gene that makes us uniquely human. Dr Lynne Kelly recounts how a widespread congenital disorder was the critical clue she and her collaborators needed to identify this gene as the supergene that has long eluded researchers into human cognition. The knowledge gene supercharged our ability to learn and share knowledge with others, explaining the prodigious memories of Indigenous people the world over. The knowledge gene unlocks many other puzzles too. It explains for the first time why humans are the only species to make art, offers new insights into the earliest music and storytelling, and discusses the cognitive strengths of neurodivergent people. The Knowledge Gene shows that we can all access the full power of our memories, without giving up any of the advantages of writing and technology. The implications for learning and creativity at any age are profound.'At last, here is the Big Picture about what it really means to be human!'Professor Margo Ngawa Neale'A rollicking ride through the strange and wonderful world of how humans attained the ability to learn, store and transmit vast amounts of information.'Professor Bruno David'A thought-provoking book on human evolution, emphasising the critical role of creativity and art throughout our history.'Professor Alan Harvey

This volume is unique in bringing the exciting range of antidepressant treatment developments together with a focus on their neurobiological mechanisms and how these interact with the known pathophysiology of depression. Current evidence for treatment efficacy is reviewed together with a discussion of where in the management pathway of this common condition, these new approaches might take their place.

Neurology is one of the most fascinating areas of medical science and general biology but it has traditionally been limited to some dedicated aspects only. However, modern neuroscience has embarked on exciting and diverse frontiers related to the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of neurological disease and nowadays, neurology has become multidisciplinary. There are many books available that deal with only one key concept of neurology but a book with a multidisciplinary approach is lacking so far.This book emphasizes all the conventional and applied divisions associated with neurology in reference to medical physiology and general biology and covers all aspects to integrate the topics of inter-related approaches. It provides complete information on each aspect of neurodegenerative disorders and brain injury, including autonomic nervous system, neuro-oncology, cerebellar ataxias, spinal cord disorders, neuro-ophthalmic disorders, and neuro-otological disorders such as dizziness, vertigo, imbalance, and hearing impairments, in a concise and informative way. It highlights the challenges related to neurological disorders along with their ongoing molecular mechanisms and treatments. The book provides simple and reader-friendly representations and artwork that will help in understanding the concepts.

AN INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER'Radically new and engaging.'MATTHEW WALKER'Not only will every reader remember better afterward, they'll also never forget this life-changing book.'SIDDHARTHA MUKHERJEE'Ranganath turns much of what we think we know about memory on its head.'DANIEL J. LEVITIN'Just fabulous... You learn that you don't have to be a victim to your past and the way you used to think - you have agency because of the fact that the brain can change.'DR RANGAN CHATTERJEE --- We talk about memory as a record of the past, but here's a surprising twist: we aren't supposed to remember everything. In fact, we're designed to forget. Over the course of twenty-five years, Charan Ranganath has studied the seemingly selective and unreliable nature of human memory to find that our brains haven't evolved to keep a comprehensive record of events, but to extract the information needed to guide our futures. Using fascinating case studies and testimonies, Why We Remember unveils the principles behind what and why we forget and shines new light on the silent, pervasive influence of memory on how we learn, heal and make decisions. By examining the role that attention, intention, imagination and emotion play in the storing of memories, it provides a vital user's guide to remembering what we hold most dear.

An award-winning science writer discovers she has prosopagnosia (face blindness) and aphantasia (the inability to visualize) and investigates the neuroscience of sight, memory, and imagination—while solving some long-running mysteries about her own life. Science writer Sadie Dingfelder has always known that she's a little quirky. But while she's made some strange mistakes over the years, it's not until she accosts a stranger in a grocery store (whom she thinks is her husband) that she realizes something is amiss. With a mixture of curiosity and dread, Dingfelder starts contacting neuroscientists and lands herself in scores of studies. In the course of her nerdy midlife crisis, she discovers that she is emphatically not neurotypical. She has prosopagnosia (faceblindness), stereoblindness, aphantasia (an inability to create mental imagery), and a condition called severely deficient autobiographical memory. As Dingfelder begins to see herself more clearly, she discovers a vast well of hidden neurodiversity in the world at large. There are so many different flavors of human consciousness, and most of us just assume that ours is the norm. Can you visualize? Do you have an inner monologue? Are you always 100 percent sure whether you know someone or not? If you can perform any of these mental feats, you may be surprised to learn that many people—including Dingfelder—can't. A lively blend of personal narrative and popular science, Do I Know You? is the story of one unusual mind's attempt to understand itself—and a fascinating exploration of the remarkable breadth of human experience.

HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Manifestations is a comprehensive volume on the field of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) as well as its associated comorbidities. Covering clinical manifestations as well as molecular and cellular mechanisms, this book discusses available macaque and rodent animal models of HAND, epigenetic regulation, and signaling pathways underlying symptoms. Chapters also cover prevention and therapeutic strategies, as well as diagnosis and biomarkers associated with disease outcomes. This volume is appropriate for basic research and clinical investigators working in the area of HIV-1 infection. - Provides an in-depth exploration of the clinical manifestations of HAND and its comorbidities - Includes detailed assessments of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying HAND symptoms - Examines animal models for studying HAND, including macaque and rodent models - Presents insights into epigenetic regulation and signaling pathways implicated in HAND - Covers prevention, therapeutic strategies, and diagnostic approaches

••Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 in Psychiatry••Anatomy of Neuropsychiatry: The New Anatomy of the Basal Forebrain and Its Implications for Neuropsychiatric Illness, Second Edition, builds upon reprised classic chapters by Lennart Heimer and Gary Van Hoesen describing the cortical and subcortical structure and functional involvements of several functional–anatomical macrosystems in the human forebrain, the existence of which obviates the vaunted heuristic value of the'limbic system'concept in the study of motivation and emotion. New narrative brings in important historical, philosophical, and histotechnical contexts, integration with novel technologies (e.g., optogenetics) and structures (e.g., rostromedial tegmental nucleus), a deeper dive into the interactions of forebrain and prospective cerebellar macrosystems with the reticular core of the brain, and current viewpoints on the essential role of macrosystems in motion, motivation, emotion, cognition, and neuropsychiatric well-being. - Presents discredited concept of the limbic system - Reviews the neuroanatomy of the basal forebrain, greater limbic lobe, and reticular core - Includes Clinical and Basic Science Boxes highlighting specific concepts, structures, and neuronal circuits from functional and clinical perspectives - Features 10 videos of dissections of human brain done by the late Lennart Heimer

This Springer Major Reference Work provides a detailed translational overview of neuroimmune diseases for neuroscientists and clinicians, clarifying the pathological mechanisms underlying neuroimmune diseases and building a comprehensive bridge between the latest research findings and their clinical implications in daily practice. The material is presented in two steps. The first section comprises a review of the pathogenic actions of immune cells in brain diseases. Here the authors discuss the mechanisms through which immune cells disrupt the functions of nerve cells. The second section explores the ways in which the brain becomes dysfunctional due to impaired nerve cell function. Based on pathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are discussed for each clinical category. The new edition features updated chapters throughout, including coverage of new findings, new diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic algorithms. Neuroimmune Diseases, 2nd edition, also includes new chapters with a translational approach. The book will be invaluable for use in clinical practice of neuroimmune diseases.

«In this beautifully-written book, the authors skip across the many bridges that connect neuroscience to education, creating a wonderful resource for educators. They consider all the elements that an understanding of neuroscience can bring to education in a highly accessible manner, focusing on emotions and spiritual meaning as well as more traditional topics like learning and memory. They have produced a tour de force.» (Usha Goswami, Director for the Centre for Neuroscience in Education, Professor of Cognitive Developmental Neuroscience and a Fellow of St. John's College, University of Cambridge) «This book is singular and a vital service to health, education and labor thinkers, doers and investors. Increased brain capital, which encompasses brain health and brain skills, is vital to educational attainment, upskilling and reskilling. In this book, Staunton and Brennan provide a detailed roadmap for the vital importance of neuroscience to fuel improved education. This area has been oft neglected, but no more.» (Harris A. Eyre MD PhD, Lead and Senior Fellow, Neuro-Policy Program, Rice University, USA) «This is a hugely useful and insightful text, written in a format which makes a challenging area of discourse accessible. Neuroscience is now the dominant science in education, and it is important to ensure that the synergy between the disciplines is well-founded and robust. This book contributes positively to unravelling the many areas of intersection between neuroscience and education in a rigorous manner.» (William H Kitchen, Senior Lecturer Stranmillis University College) This book is an original contribution to the field of educational neuroscience. The authors argue that all adults should pay more attention and become more reflective of their experiences so that they can learn more deliberately and in a focused way. The book addresses the functioning of the brain, the architecture of the brain, neuroplasticity, learning processes and how to develop and maintain a healthy brain throughout life. Learning to learn is about individuals understanding how they learn and thus developing their capacity to learn by harnessing lessons from neuroscience. The book will be useful for learners who are transitioning or returning to education, those training to work with children and young people, and those interested in understanding more about their own learning.

In a world characterized by constant changes, organizations grapple with the complex task of understanding and enhancing human behavior within their ranks. The burgeoning interest in cognitive behavioral neuroscience (CBN) for unraveling the intricacies of organizational dynamics has paved the way for a groundbreaking shift. However, the application of CBN in Human Resource Development and Management (HRDM) remains in its infancy, creating a void between scientific inquiry and practical implementation. As organizations yearn for evidence-based strategies to enhance talent identification, team selection, training, and overall performance, a critical need emerges for a comprehensive guide that bridges this gap. Cognitive Behavioral Neuroscience in Organizational Settings is a groundbreaking book that illuminates the unexplored territory of CBN in HRDM. Positioned as a catalyst for change, this comprehensive guide serves as the linchpin connecting theoretical foundations with real-world applications. Seamlessly navigating through the basics of neuroscience, the anatomy and functions of the brain, and the role of neuroscience in organizational behavior, establishes the groundwork for a new academic discipline. By delving into higher cognitive processes, artificial intelligence integration, neuroscience methods, and CBN-based interventions, the book offers a roadmap to revolutionize how organizations understand, manage, and enhance their human capital. This book is not just a scholarly exploration; it is a call to action. For academic scholars seeking to contribute to the evolution of CBN in HRDM, this is a unique opportunity to be at the forefront of a transformative movement. Pioneering the integration of innovative neuroscience techniques, artificial intelligence, and practical interventions, this guide empowers scholars to actively shape the future of organizational development.

Pupillometry, the study of the eyes'pupils, has a rich history, dating back to the 1800s. For example, to appear “dark with desire,” women once used atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade) as a cosmetic, because the atropine dilated their pupils, making them appear more romantically aroused. We now know that this relationship is largely driven by the activity of the sympathetic nervous system; specifically, a small brainstem nucleus known as the locus coeruleus (LC). Because of tight connections between the musculature of the eyes and LC, monitoring the pupils can reveal important insights into brain activity during mental processes. Many of these processes are related to attention and arousal (cognitive or emotional), with the LC controlling mental readiness via secretion of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. While these complicated neurochemical processes happen in the brain, they are often overtly observable via pupil dilation. Although pupillometry was popular in the 1960s and 1970s, it fell out of favor until experiencing a renaissance approximately 10 years ago. With the advent of new eye-tracking and neural recording technology, measuring (and analyzing) pupil size is now easier than ever. Because all modern eye-trackers use pupil size in the calculation of gaze location, they also provide researchers with moment-by-moment pupil size measures in output files. Although previously considered “extra” data to support gaze location analyses, researchers have begun to conduct eye-tracking studies solely to gain access to pupil size data. These data have been used to study thought processes in many domains, including cognitive science, psychopathologies, business/marketing, security contexts, and the study of addiction. The diversity of interest in pupillometry is matched by the diversity in approaches taken to data collection, analysis, and interpretation. To date, there exists no book or tutorial review devoted specifically to ensuring that researchers carry out rigorous and reproducible work across these varied domains. Modern Pupillometry: Cognition, Neuroscience, and Practical Applications fills this gap by exploring the history, neuroscience, and methodological considerations of pupillometry research within and beyond psychology.

This book explores the multiple facets of habit from diverse and complementary theoretical frameworks. It provides a complete overview of the cognitive, computational, and neural processes underlying the formation of distinct forms of habit. The objective of the book is to cover (1) the multiple definitions of the habit construct and the relation between different habit-related concepts, (2) the underlying brain circuits of habits, and (3) the possible involvement of habits in psychiatric disorders such as alcohol and substance use disorder. This book will be of interest to all researchers in behavioral and computational neuroscience, psychology, and psychiatry who are interested in associative learning and decision making, under normal and pathological conditions.

This book explores the potential benefits of turmeric, and specifically curcumin, in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. The book covers various aspects of turmeric, including its traditional use in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine, secondary metabolites, curcuminoids, and sesquiterpenoids found in turmeric, as well as the use of nano curcumin in neurodegenerative diseases. It discusses the different ways in which turmeric can be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases, including as a therapy for brain diseases, curcumin-induced neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia, and neural stem cell therapy in combination with curcumin. It also discusses the role of nano curcumin in neurodegenerative diseases, including its potential use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The book provides the scientific evidence behind the use of turmeric and its compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Overall, this bookis an invaluable resource for researchers and healthcare professionals interested in exploring the potential benefits of turmeric and curcumin in the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.