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CRISPR/Cas has emerged, as a powerful genetic engineering tool. It is simple yet highly affordable and robust. This book provides a basic introduction to the mechanism and architecture of the CRISPR/Cas. It enlightens the readers about the new advancements such as gene insertion, transcriptional activation, suppression, gene tagging, multiplexing, base editing, prime editing, and tissue culture free editing which makes it easier for crop improvement. With such technologies, application of genome editing has opened new paths for crop improvements and sustainable agriculture. The current book will be useful for beginners to understand these tools and how to use them in a better and more efficient way.

Childhood Obesity: From Basic Knowledge to Effective Prevention brings together field experts, taking a multifactorial approach to understand the scope and various causes of the issue and offer the latest in treatment and prevention strategies and resources. Beginning with basic concepts and definitions, chapters progress to cover worldwide prevalence and trends, genetic and epigenetic origins, metabolic programming, and neuroendocrine control of appetite and satiety. Further, this book examines social determinants and lifestyle behaviors contributing to risk factors as well as complications associated with childhood obesity. Final chapters discuss multidisciplinary treatment, strategies for prevention, and current worldwide policies aimed to address obesity in children. This fundamental reference is a vital resource for both researchers and practicing clinicians in pediatric medicine. - Provides a comprehensive approach to childhood obesity - Presents a multi-omics description of the early origins of childhood obesity - Includes innovative strategies to treat and prevent obesity in children

Proteomics, Multi-Omics and Systems Biology in Optic Nerve Regeneration is a comprehensive reference that covers all vistas of standardization of axon regeneration, as well as all multi-omics and system level data and integration tools. By adopting a translational approach, the book bridges current research in the field to clinical applications, and readers can expect to learn standardization approaches for axon regeneration, multi-omics datasets, different databases, search engines, multiple dataset integrative tools, pathway convergence approaches and tools, outcome and outcome measures that unify bench research with clinical outcome.The axon regeneration from existing neurons in central nervous system (CNS) have become a potential possibility in the last decade. The potential possibility of long-distance axon growth has opened the possibility of re-connectivity of axons of retinal ganglion cell neurons within the lateral geniculate nucleus in the brain. The long-distance axon regeneration and re-connectivity is a promise to restore lost vision in the optic nerve. Further, long-distance regeneration and re-innervation is equally helpful for other fields such as spinal cord injuries. - Includes updates on the use of multi-omics datasets for selecting molecules for axon regeneration - Bridges the preclinical and clinical world, from selection of the molecules to outcome leading to IND filing and their use - Includes system level knowledge needed for central nervous system axon and dendrite regeneration, and standardizes the system level biology for axon regeneration - Explores the current state of multi-omics in axon and dendrite regeneration in the optic nerve and its comparison to other CNS regeneration

With changing consumer preferences and the focus on developing resilient food systems, food processing is finding its place in key policies, government interventions, global trade, and the overall food and nutritional security. Given this, this new 3-volume collection offers a compilation of emerging and futuristic food processing technologies, presenting fundamental concepts of food technology, trending applications, and a range of interdisciplinary concepts that have found numerous interwoven applications in the food industry.Volume 3 is an exploration of the future of food processing, highlighting certain emerging and disruptive technologies and their gaining influence in the food sector. The first five chapters focus on computers and information technology-linked applications such as CFD modeling, robotics, automation, artificial intelligence, big data, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and blockchain management for the food industry. The book then details selected interesting concepts that have made phenomenal advancements in recent years: approaches for improved delivery of nutrients, micro- and nanofluidics, novel drying technologies, smart and intelligent packaging, as well as 3D food printing technology.The other volumes in the series are Volume 1: Fundamentals of Food Processing Technology, which presents the basics of food preservation, covering hurdle technology, aspects of minimal processing, ohmic heating of foods, edible coatings, and electromagnetics and allied applications in food processing; and Volume 2: Advances in Nonthermal Processing Technologies, which focuses on the interesting field of nonthermal processing and its applications.

Achieving integral health is a challenge that necessitates a diversified approach from different disciplines to achieve a coordinated impact on people's health. Food and nutrition form an essential part of this approach. This new book explores some important advances in the role of nutrition in integral health and quality of life, laying special emphasis on the challenges that humans face in this era of sedentary lifestyles, diseases associated with food consumption, and social, economic, environmental, and cultural crises. The volume discusses interdisciplinary approaches to nutrition, focusing on nutrition for children, the impact of nutrition on chronic noncommunicable diseases and gastrointestinal disorders, the nutritional profile of fermented foods and their health benefits, microstructured particles as bioactive compound carriers, and more. The book also offers an analysis of obesity and its dimensions, covering childhood obesity risks and challenges at home and at school, quality of life in adult patients with diabetes, the role of genetics and epigenetics in obesity, and more. The impact of nutrition on oral and dental health is also addressed in the book.

This book offers comprehensive coverage of all manifestations of resistance in combating infectious diseases and explores advances in antimicrobials in agriculture and their applications in the fight against microbes. According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to global health because the number of alternative antibiotics is very limited. Antimicrobial resistance is a slow, evolutionary process that has been accelerated by human activities in the health, environment, and agriculture sectors. Due to their wide application, antibiotics and their residues have been found in almost all food products and natural ecosystems. This book appraises the drivers, impact, and mitigation of antimicrobials, with a focus on methods and targets. In addition, it also provides a variety of photographs, diagrams, and tables to help illustrate the material. The novel strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance are also described, emphasizing collaborative measures of control. The underlying molecular mechanisms, which depend not only on the microbe but on the specific drug molecule, are highly diverse and are covered in detail.Students, researchers, scientists, practitioners, academicians, biologists, microbiologists, stakeholders, and policymakers can benefit from current trends in antimicrobials in agriculture that address microbiology, microbial biotechnology, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, natural medicinal plant products, secondary metabolites, and all disciplines related to antimicrobial research.Features of the book: Covers antimicrobials in agriculture with up-to-date research Recent references on plausible antimicrobials in agriculture Public health impact of the use of antibiotics in agriculture Antimicrobial efficacy of medicinal plants Role of phytoalexins in agriculture Nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents Presents cutting-edge research on microbiology, nanotechnology, and emergent antimicrobial technologies

An Introduction to the Amphibians of Ecuador is the first of four volumes, which are comprehensive, well-illustrated, and authoritative works, making them invaluable to biologists, conservationists, and others. This initial volume delves into the cultural history of amphibians, encompassing ethnobatrachology and folklore, while summarizing the amphibian iconography found in Ecuadorian archaeology. Moreover, it covers topics such as bioprospecting, sustainable management, and biotrade activities. The history and present state of amphibian biology research are also addressed. Furthermore, it explores in comprehensive detail the rich amphibian diversity of Ecuador, providing a thorough review of biogeography, amphibian declines, and conservation.Subsequent volumes list the characteristics of each species, define each taxon, and compare them to similar other species. Natural history and reproductive behavior, where known, are described, as are data on vocalizations, larvae, and ontogenetic changes. Amphibian distributions are illustrated with physiographic maps with dots. Each volume addresses the declines, extinctions, and conservation status of each species and provides notations of their occurrence in reserves.KEY FEATURES Summarizes the ethnozoological aspects of amphibians Provides a thorough history of research Introduction to three volumes providing accounts for each of the 3 orders, 19 families, 78 genera, and over 650 species from Ecuador

This new 3-volume set provides informative reviews on the physiology of sponges, cnidarians, round and flat worms, annelids, echinoderms, and crustaceans, advancing our knowledge of the physiology of these major invertebrate groups (Phyla). Invertebrates exhibit the largest number of species and occupy virtually every conceivable ecological niche. They are economically important in food chains, they recycle organic waste, and they are crucial pollinators of plants and sources of food. They are also medically relevant as parasites that cause major diseases of both humans and livestock.Chapters on crustacean physiology are grouped in this volume and cover diverse physiological topics ranging from moulting, respiration, water balance, biomineralization, bioreceptors, and temperature regulation to the land adaptation of terrestrial crustaceans. The chapters are comprehensive and add new knowledge to crustacean biology.Volume 1 looks at non-bilaterians (sponges, cnidarians, placozoans) while echinoderms and annelids are covered in Volume 3.

Hepatology: An Evidence-Based Clinical Compendium provides current and comprehensive insights into the field of hepatology, covering various aspects such as diagnosis, management, control, techniques, procedures, and technology. By offering the latest information, the book ensures that readers stay up-to-date with the rapidly evolving landscape of hepatology. The comprehensive scope covers a wide range of topics related to liver diseases, including epidemiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology. It features contributions from esteemed experts worldwide and is enhanced with high-quality diagrams. The book serves as a valuable resource for scientists and researchers, offering a solid foundation for their investigations and clinical inquiries.Moreover, the book goes beyond the discussion of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology, and presents updated treatment and management guidelines for liver diseases, making it a go-to reference for Clinicians treating liver diseases. - Presents current and comprehensive insights into the diagnosis, management, control, techniques, procedures, and technology in hepatology - Facilitates evidence-based decision-making for better patient care, enabling practitioners to effectively incorporate research findings into their treatment approaches - Guides the selection of optimal treatment and management options, equipping readers with valuable resources to overcome challenges encountered in clinical practice - Enhances knowledge and skills for clinical practice, offering valuable support to healthcare professionals seeking to improve their expertise

Nanomedicine in Translational Research: Status and Future Challenges harnesses the current developments and future directions of diagnostic and therapeutic solutions in clinical scenarios. This book integrates nanomedicine and biomaterials to develop healthcare technology for improved patient care and clinical practices, through applications using theranostics, biomaterials, 3-D printing, regenerative medicines, and nanosystems. Those in this multidisciplinary field will need to improve procedures and protocols, as well as regulatory guidelines and their clinical implications. This book will be highly useful as it is written by experts in the field for researchers working in the areas of nanotechnology, biomaterials, drug delivery, and pharmaceuticals for chronic diseases. - Focuses on the pillars contributing to the global healthcare crisis: geopolitical changes, overpopulation/migration, and climate change. - Includes personal interviews with many world leaders in different areas along with the authors'hands-on experience on healthcare, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, for drafting the contents that confirm advanced healthcare. - Provides a broad and multidisciplinary understanding of healthcare, allowing the readers to understand their role and empower them to take initiatives to emerging solutions.

This book presents research findings on newly discovered pests and diseases that may be impacted by climate change in the tropics; current management techniques including molecular diagnostics, integrated pest management (IPM), and agroecological approach; and recent technological advancements used as preventive and curative approaches to mitigate the effects of plant pests and diseases. Combining the expertise of leading researchers in the various fields, the book provides a useful reference for all relevant stakeholders. The proposed book is prepared with the aim of disseminating the current research development of emerging pests and diseases in the tropics in the era of climate change as well as new and eco-friendly pest and disease management technologies of tropical crops. The book is divided into three parts with sixteen chapters. Part 1: Advances in Tropical Insect Pest Management consists of five chapters describing the discovery, formulations, and applications of nature-based solutions such as natural enemies of insects, insect hormones, botanicals, and microorganisms for sustainable pest management. Part 2: Advances in Tropical Plant Disease Management consists of seven chapters, describing the causal agents of economically important diseases of tropical crops, rapid pathogen detection systems as well as effective and sustainable disease management strategies. Part 3: Advances in Other Tropical Pests Management consists of four chapters detailing the various eco-friendly pest management of vertebrates, mollusks, weeds, and emerging IR4.0 technologies in pest management. Ideas for future volumes on this subject: Volume II would be a follow-up to Volume I. It covers emerging pests and diseases of the tropics in greater depth, with a focus on specific hosts and diseases. Robust pests and disease management technologies utilized in crop protection in tropical areas by the farmers will be discussed as well.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the most diagnosed cancers in men worldwide as well as one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths. Despite the advances in treatment, the disease remains associated with poor survival and resistance to cytotoxic and targeted therapies. Therapy Resistance in Prostate Cancer: Mechanisms and Insights highlights the main mechanisms that are responsible for therapy resistance in PCa allowing researchers and clinicians to have a synopsis of current options and new therapies that can be proposed to overcome this resistance. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for chemotherapy resistance helps researchers all over the world to delve deeper into the pathways behind this resistance and potentially discover new therapeutic targets for PCa. - Tackles the topic of resistance from a broader perspective, including, but not limited to, the role of the extracellular matrix and cancer stem cells in therapy resistance - Creates understanding on how to develop novel therapies that specifically target CSCs to eliminate the regenerating capacity of the tumor and overcome therapy resistance - Helps in identifying novel molecular biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets pertaining to the tumor microenvironment to overcome therapy resistance - Provides a general view of the main pathways involved in PCa progression that will aid in understanding the mechanisms responsible for chemotherapy resistance

Nanotechnology and Plant Disease Management explores the intersection of nanotechnology and agriculture. This book serves as a comprehensive exploration of the current state and future potential of nanoparticles in revolutionizing plant disease management within the realm of agriculture. This book elucidates the synthesis, characterization and judicious application of nanoparticles, providing a clear and accessible explanation of what nanomaterials are, how they are characterized, and their pivotal role in reshaping the plant disease management systems. It scrutinizes innovative strategies that influence the unique properties of nanoparticles to identify and monitor the presence of pathogens at early stages. The book also examines the limitations inherent in the use of nanomaterials for disease management in plants by critically evaluating both sides of the spectrum. This aims to provide a candid overview of the hurdles that must be overcome to unlock the full benefits of nanotechnology in this field. By pinpointing and understanding these obstacles, the current work aims to pave the way for effective strategies and solutions, ensuring the responsible and optimized application of nanomaterials for enhanced plant disease management. This in-depth examination serves as a cornerstone, providing readers with a profound understanding of the intricate processes involved in synthesis, characterization and utilizing nanomaterials for disease control. Nanotechnology and Plant Disease Management is a testament to the transformative potential of nanotechnology in agriculture. The authors invite readers to embark on this enlightening journey, exploring the intricate world of nanomaterials and their application in safeguarding the health and vitality of plants.

Biodiversity and Bioeconomy: Status Quo, Challenges, and Opportuniti es comprehensively delivers the latest developments in theories of biodiversity and ecosystem functi oning and their major implicati ons for biodiversity conservati on through diversifying agriculture, forestry, and biomass producti on systems and linking these developments with sustainability of bioeconomy. This book provides basic understanding of biodiversity and bioeconomy, diff erent views of their interrelati onship, and their links with sustainable development goals. It also examines the research and practi ce of biodiversity and ecosystem functi oning in agriculture, forestry, and biomass producti on systems to achieve sustainable bioeconomy. Finally, this book examines status, challenges, and opportuniti es for biodiversity-centered bioeconomy providing a way forward. - Examines the status of scienti fi c understanding of biodiversity and bioeconomy and interrelatedness - Describes challenges and opportuniti es for socioeconomic and ecologically sustainable development of bioeconomy - Covers agriculture, forestry, and aquati c ecosystems and explores their biodiversity and bioeconomy potentials

Transplant Oncology: A Frontier in Multidisciplinary Cancer Care summarizes new and evolving scientific findings and discoveries in the field of cancer and transplants and gives guidance on future directions and related research. With a strong focus on transplant oncology, the book examines new and evolving topics, including the utilization of immunotherapy in special patient populations as well as the clinical updates on new concepts in the field such as using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a tool for minimal disease detection, surveillance, and treatment response evaluation as well as rejection assessment and detection in transplant patient for oncological indications. Sections cover applications of transplant medicine and surgery in oncology to improve patient survival outcome and quality of life. The book gives insight into anticancer strategies, such as initiating studies in genomics and cancer immunogenomics based on new insights in liver cancer. In addition, it describes how the adoption of surgical transplantation techniques in oncology has improved conventional resection and bridged the gap between tumor and transplant immunology. This is a must have reference for all those that want to be familiar and up-to-date with the dynamic changes in the field including practicing physicians, scientists, and trainees. - Illustrates the concept and history of transplant oncology as an evolving field for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma - Discusses the utility and safety of immunotherapy in the transplant setting - Summarizes the utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies in pre-and post-liver transplants for HCC patients and discusses the assessment of immune checkpoint inhibitor regulators that might determine liver transplant outcomes - Highlights new and evolving topics including the utilization of immunotherapy in special patient populations as well as the clinical updates on new concepts in the field, including treatment and rejection assessment

In recent decades, bio-nano interfaces have become a popular topic of research. The interface between biology (e.g., cells, proteins) and man-made materials (e.g., surfaces of labware, medical devices/implants, etc., that are exposed to the biological matter) has always been important, way before the terms of nanotechnology and nanoscience were coined. Nanotechnology brought new techniques into play, with which such interfaces can be investigated with an additional viewpoint. This book is a collection of articles spanning two decades that shows how the newer publications have evolved from the older ones. This allows the reader to see the development in the field not only technically but also conceptually. The book is, in particular, suitable for the researchers and general readers who are looking for inspiration on how ideas develop over decades.

Honey bees are social insects; they live together in large, well-organized family groups comprising three castes: queen (fertile female), workers (sterile females) and drones (males). During honey flow season, there is a considerable increase in the foraging activity of the workers and in the rate of egg laying by the queen. Sex determination in honey bees involves a multi-allelic locus, such that homozygotes develop as males and heterozygotes as females, whereas diet quality influences the caste determination in honey bees. Like all living organisms, honey bees can be infested with diseases and pests. Some of these are more deleterious to bee colonies than others, but it is important for the beekeeper to be able to recognize conditions that might be disease or pest-related and respond accordingly so as to improve the quality of honey and honey bee by-products.The best-known primary products of beekeeping are honey and wax, but pollen, propolis, royal jelly, venom, queens, bees and their larvae are also marketable primary bee products. The purpose of this book is to make available information on bee biology and beekeeping as well as to provide comprehensive information on manufacturing, processing and marketing of value-added bee products.This book has been designed as a useful tool for the many diverse professionals who characterize and market honey bee products, including beekeepers, non-beekeepers, small entrepreneurs, extension officers and those involved in small business development. This edited book will be the first of its kind to contain comprehensive information on both bees and bee products.Key Features: Contains comprehensive information on beekeeping. Discusses the recent advances in beekeeping. Sheds light on bee colony integration and organization. Contains brief information on honey bee products.

Dysphagia: A Clinical Guide will help practitioners and surgeons learn and understand how best to diagnose and treat dysphagia. It provides a complete picture of dysphagia through the experiences of leaders who cover the latest techniques and evidence-based outcomes in the field. Coverage includes the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease processes that cause dysphagia, gastric problems, and need surgical intervention.It includes the latest research and perspectives from both gastroenterologists and surgeons to enable clinicians to stay up to date on the most current and effective management strategies. Each chapter provides summary statements and recommendations based on recent literature. Recent discoveries regarding the diagnosis and management of dysphagia are exemplified by illustrations of both diagnostic methods and descriptions of interventional techniques. This an important reference for general surgeons, general practitioners, and ENT surgeons while also bringing new data dedicated specifically to gastroenterologists and foregut surgeons. - Allows practitioners to stay up-to-date on the most current and effective management strategies for dysphagia - Provides a comprehensive picture of swallowing difficulty, from mouth to stomach - Contains recommendations on how to use research in the diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia

The book is an introduction to nanomedicine informed by a philosophical reflection about the domain and recent developments. It is an overview of the field, sketching out the main areas of current investment and research. The authors present some case-studies illustrating the different areas of research (nanopharmacy, theranostics and patient monitoring) as well as reflecting on the risks that accompany it, such as unanticipated impacts on human health and environmental toxicity. This introduction to a fast-growing field in modern medical research is of great interest to researchers working in many disciplines as well as the general public. In addition to an overview of the work currently ongoing, the authors critically assess these projects from an ethical and philosophical perspective.Key Features Provides an overview of nanomedicine Employs a reflective and coherent critical evaluation of the benefits and risks of nanomedicine Written in an accessible manner intended for a wide audience Related TitlesHehenberger, M. Nanomedicine: Science, Business, and impact (ISBN 978-9-8146-1376-7).Beg, S., et al. Nanomedicine for the treatment of Disease: From Concept to Application (ISBN 978-1-7746-3443-1)Brenner, S. The Clinical Nanomedicine Handbook (ISBN 978-1-1380-7578-8)

Informed by the Biopsychosocial Model, this Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Health examines multiple aspects of child and adolescent development and physical and mental health. According to the Biopsychosocial Model, health is determined by the reciprocal interactions between biological (e.g., genetics, physical development, family health history), psychological (e.g., mental health, identity developmental, attitudes), and social (e.g., family, peers, school, social supports) factors. This theory posits that each one of these factors alone is not sufficient to understand health; instead, it is important to understand how these interactive components ultimately influence health outcomes. In addition to the Biopsychosocial Model, this Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Health has a translational approach. Each section and all applicable entries include a discussion of prevention or intervention efforts that can inform health and health promotion, and prevent health risks. - Presents a comprehensive review of current child and adolescent research, along with critical insights into the future direction of the field, including translation and prevention - Includes concise, authoritative chapters that are expertly authored make this an easy-to-read, reliable reference resource - Provides a clear thematic structure that allows for easy exploration across the discipline's different sub-fields. - Helps readers find their topics of interest, all of which are contextualized and linked to relevant literature

Value-Addition in Beverages through Enzyme Technology covers the potential impact of new enzymes and enzyme technology on the beverages sector. The book brings together novel sources and technologies regarding all aspects of enzymes for value addition in beverage production and processing. Sections primarily focus on alcoholic (e.g., beer, wine, cider, and distilled spirits) and non-alcoholic beverages (e.g., fruit juices, milk-based, tea, coffee, ready to drink and functional foods), but also cover innovative enzyme technologies to keep endogenous enzymes under control. It is essential reading for researchers and scientists, including food and beverage biotechnologists and students studying enzyme biotechnology and food-related courses. This book will comprise updated research from various independent scientists from around the world who are working on value-addition and production of beverage products using enzyme technology. - Provides new genetic approaches for protein engineering for both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages - Includes enzyme applications in the production and processing of beverages - Offers updates on the latest biotechnological tools in the production of value-added beverages - Discusses various types of enzymes extensively used in the beverage industry for improving yield of extraction, clarification, aroma enhancement, and more

Cardio-Hepatology: Connections Between Hepatic and Cardiovascular Disease provides a direct relationship between the cardiac and hepatic pathologies providing the link between the heart and liver and showing how liver diseases predispose to impairment in heart functioning and vice versa. Considering the growing number of patients living (and living longer) with heart failure and/or congenital heart disease, it is important to know when and how to test for liver disease in this population, how to interpret abnormal test results, and what management is appropriate. Coverage includes what should be done for patients to limit, avoid, or postpone the impairment in the liver functioning induced by heart diseases and the impairment in the heart functioning induced by liver diseases, on the basis of scientific-exposed evidence and pathophysiology knowledge. This comprehensive, extended review of the medical literature is perfect for researchers interested in the connection between cardiology and hepatology as well as clinicians making therapeutic decisions for patients suffering from heart or liver chronic diseases. - Reviews and discusses all current knowledge about the interactions between heart and liver pathologies - Provides guidance on current topics surrounding the assessment of the liver in heart failure - Presents important clinical cardiovascular assessments in cirrhotic patients

Sinusoidal Cells in Liver Diseases: Role in their Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment provides a state-of-the-art review on recent advances surrounding the role of liver sinusoidal cells (LSECs, HSCs, macrophages, and other non-parenchymal cells) in acute and chronic liver diseases. Coverage emphasizes disease pathophysiology, novel mechanisms, unmet clinical questions, development of biomarkers and treatment opportunities. By focusing on the role of sinusoidal cells in human liver diseases, this reference provides a comprehensive overview of the role of sinusoidal cells in acute and chronic liver diseases, in its pathophysiology and mechanisms, and in the development of novel biomarkers and new therapeutics. Cells of the liver vasculature play an essential role in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic liver diseases and are considered key therapeutic targets to treat most of human hepatopathies. Coverage in this reference includes the phenotypic changes occurring in liver vascular cells and how cells contribute to the development of microcirculatory dysfunction, fibrosis, inflammation, and liver failure. Provides a comprehensive update on the role of sinusoidal cells in acute and chronic liver diseasesCovers our current understanding of the role of sinusoidal cells as therapeutic targets to improve liver diseasesPresents the latest research in the development of novel biomarkers of liver diseases that derive from sinusoidal cells

This book details the long, diverse, and complex phylogenetic history of elephants and their fossil relatives (the Proboscidea), whose origin is deeply embedded some 60 million years ago in Africa. Most of the major evolutionary events of proboscideans occurred in Africa, and these are examined in their geological, paleoecological, geographic, and faunal contexts. Updated information about feeding adaptations, taxonomy and systematics, genetics, and site occurrences is included and summarized in tables, figures, and charts. This is the first comprehensive review of African proboscideans and illustrates the need to more actively protect elephants and ensure their survival in modern ecosystems.Key Features: Provides a comprehensive systematic review of the African proboscidean fossil record Includes a summary of taxonomy, geochronology, biogeography and morphology Documents major faunal events including those associated with hominin origins Synthesizes new data from genomic, isotopic, and microware analyses Emphasizes the role of elephants in ecosystems and the importance of conservation

Black-tailed and mule deer represent one of the largest distributions of mammals in North America and are symbols of the wide-open American West. Each chapter in this book was authored by the world's leading experts on that topic. Both editors, James R. Heffelfinger and Paul R. Krausman, are widely published in the popular and scientific press and recipients of the O. C. Wallmo Award, given every two years to a leading black-tailed and mule deer expert who has made significant contributions to the conservation of this species. In addition, Heffelfinger has chaired the Mule Deer Working Group sponsored by the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies for more than 15 years. This working group consists of the leading black-tailed and mule deer experts from each of 24 states, provinces, and territories in western North America, putting them at the forefront of all conservation and much of the research on this species.The book represents all current knowledge available on these deer, including how changing conditions such as fires, habitat alteration and loss, disease, climate change, socio-economic forces, energy development, and other aspects are influencing their distribution and abundance now and into the future. It takes a completely fresh look at all chapter topics. The revisions of distribution, taxonomy, evolution, behavior, and new and exciting work being done in deer nutrition, migration and movements, diseases, predation, and human dimensions are all assembled in this volume. This book will instantly become the foundation for the latest information and management strategies to be implemented on the ground by practitioners and to inform the public. Although this book is about deer, the topics discussed influence most terrestrial wildlife worldwide, and the basic concepts in many of the chapters are applicable to other species.

This book won the 2023 The Wildlife Society Publication Award in the authored book category.Human-wildlife interactions increase exponentially as more and more humans and wildlife crowd into the same limited space. Such interactions often become conflicts when wildlife threaten human health and safety, well-being, or the food supply. This second edition of Human-Wildlife Interactions: From Conflict to Coexistence provides a comprehensive review of the severity of these problems and the methods used to resolve clashes between humans and wildlife.During his forty-year career as a wildlife professor and scientist, Dr. Michael Conover, founder of journal Human-Wildlife Interactions, has become a recognized leader of the scientific field of human-wildlife interactions. In this book, he presents the range of methods for wildlife damage management, including employing lethal methods; distributing supplemental food; changing the behavior of either humans or wildlife; and excluding or repelling wildlife. Backed by numerous case studies and informative side bars, the book documents resolutions to specific human-wildlife conflicts throughout the literature.Containing full color illustrations throughout, the second edition of Human-Wildlife Interactions: From Conflict to Coexistence provides authoritative coverage and depth of both theoretical and practical information. It serves as an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and professional wildlife managers.Disclaimer: Figure 7.7 (b) on page 251 was incorrectly attributed in previous printings. The photographer of figure 7.7 (b) is Cynthia Herrick.

This book focuses on the amphibian, Xenopus, one of the most commonly used model animals in the biological sciences. Over the past 50 years, the use of Xenopus has made possible many fundamental contributions to our knowledge in cell biology, developmental biology, molecular biology, and neurobiology. In recent years, with the completion of the genome sequence of the main two species and the application of genome editing techniques, Xenopus has emerged as a powerful system to study fundamental disease mechanisms and test treatment possibilities. Xenopus has proven an essential vertebrate model system for understanding fundamental cell and developmental biological mechanisms, for applying fundamental knowledge to pathological processes, for deciphering the function of human disease genes, and for understanding genome evolution.Key Features Provides historical context of the contributions of the model system Includes contributions from an international team of leading scholars Presents topics spanning cell biology, developmental biology, genomics, and disease model Describes recent experimental advances Incorporates richly illustrated diagrams and color images Related TitlesGreen, S. L. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. (ISBN 978-1-4200-9109-0)Faber, J. & P. D. Nieuwkoop. Normal Table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin): A Systematical & Chronological Survey of the Development from the Fertilized Egg till the End of Metamorphosis (ISBN 978-0-8153-1896-5)Jarret, R. L. & K. McCluskey. The Biological Resources of Model Organisms (ISBN 978-1-0320-9095-5)The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

This book introduces the innovative and emerging microbial technologies for the treatment, recycling, and management of industrial, domestic, and municipal water and other wastewater in an environment-friendly and cost-effective manner. It discusses existing methods and technologies, up-gradation of existing technologies, and new technologies. It also highlights opportunities in the existing technologies along with industrial practices and real-life case studies.

In this edited volume, scientists from different disciplines discuss modern biotechnological processes and a knowledge-based bioeconomy. The authors base their arguments on ecological, economic, legal, social and ethical aspects. Moreover, they explore the opportunities, risks, and challenges of bioeconomic concepts and biotechnologies in many subject areas. The chapters consider land use, nature and environment, nutrition, technology and governance, energy, economy, law and regulation, as well as ethics. A special focus should be on new technologies and how they can be used, without compromising the ambitious goal of creating a more sustainable, but also fair world. To do justice to this broad array of topics, the editors frame all topics in overarching introductions and close the volume with final conclusions. Thereby this volume offers data and critical thoughts for any member of a Bioeconomy – be it from academia, the industry or public regulation.

Biosurfactants are surface-active biomolecules produced by a wide variety of microorganisms. They can be produced from renewable sources, and possess high surface activity, high specificity, low toxicity, tolerance to pH, temperature and ionic strength, biodegradability, excellent emulsifying and demulsifying ability and antimicrobial activity. Biosurfactants have found applications in several industries including organic chemicals, petrochemicals, mining, metallurgy (mainly bioleaching), agrochemicals, fertilizers, foods, beverages, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and many others.The main aim of this volume is to highlight concepts, classifications, production and applications of microbial surfactants in food and agriculture. The book provides a comprehensive coverage of fermentation, recovery, genomics and metagenomics of biosurfactant production. It is presented in an easy-to-understand manner, and includes protocols, figures, and recent data on the industrial demand market and economics, and the production of biosurfactants from novel substrates are particularly worthwhile additions. The volume will be useful for students, researchers, teachers, and entrepreneurs in the area of microbial biosurfactants and their applications in food and agriculture.

Exploration in Laboratory Animal Sciences Understanding Life Phenomena updates our knowledge about the newer technologies such as molecular biology, genomics including sequencing, proteomics, transcriptomics, cell culture, stem cell culture, transgenesis and their translation to understand systematics and phylogeny of laboratory animals at molecular level. In seven sections Exploration in Laboratory Animal Sciences Understanding Life Phenomena resolves issues of conservation, applications in environment monitoring, production of drugs and others. Comparative research has enabled use of domestic animal models that translate the advances in basic biosciences to the schemes for human welfare including medicine. Molecular geneticists are unravelling the complexities of mammalian genes and the field of biotechnology is maturing at a fast pace. Additionally, research focused on immunology and animal behavior offer new insight into ways of enhancing animal welfare. The rise in consumption of animal proteins in addition to the challenges of sustaining our natural resources has given animal scientists a vast array of opportunities to engage in integrative systems-based research for meeting the challenges that behold us. Exploration in Laboratory Animal Sciences Understanding Life Phenomena also discusses the manipulation of animals as factories for the production of safe foods, drugs, and sensors and others to meet the contemporary challenges faced by mankind in the new world order created by pandemic of Covid 19. It also includes several chapters on the causation and management of certain diseases and impact of microbes on life. - Provides insight to newer and futuristic technologies to understand disease process and drug design by animal models - Addresses a wide variety of species and covers a wide variety of topics (such as animal species, the laboratory setting, regulatory guidelines, and ethical considerations) to fully prepare for work with all types of animals - Gives a perspective on laboratory animal use that allows to explain the benefits of animal use as required by veterinary technology program accreditation procedure - Includes examples of animal bio-technological techniques (including stem cell and tissue engineering) for their applications to humanity - Offers new insight into ways of enhancing animal welfare by the inclusion of research results focused on immunology and laboratory animal behavior

The citrus industry is one of the world's most important fruit production industries, but global climate change, pests, diseases, and improper handling are affecting plant yields. Citrus Production: Technological Advancements and Adaptation to Changing Climate presents information on advancements in the citrus industry examining various aspects of citrus from its production to harvest. It looks at the challenges and approaches in stress tolerance improvements, increasing citrus crop productivity, and reducing postharvest losses. The book details taxonomy, genetic diversity, and metabolic and molecular responses in citrus crops, as well as abiotic and biotic stresses affecting citrus production. Featuring numerous full-color illustrations throughout, this book poses new harvesting techniques along with postharvest physiology of citrus fruits, devising strategies to prevent crop losses.Citrus Production: Technological Advancements and Adaptation to Changing Climate is an essential resource for researchers, academicians, and scientists looking to expand their knowledge of citrus, particularly horticulturists, food scientists, and botanists.

This book focuses on both high-density lipoproteins (HDL) metabolism and related diseases from the perspectives of the world-class experts in HDL. Several chapters in this book provide the overall information about HDL metabolism via detailed discussion of HDL structures as well as several key molecules involved in its functions, such as SR-B1 and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitors and so on. The rest of this book illustrates the connection between HDL and several diseases that are the major concerns of people's health in many countries, and devotes to exploring the therapies of HDL related diseases. With a better understanding of the HDL metabolism and diseases, this book will benefit the audiences with interest in HDL from biomedicine to clinical practice.

Xenobiotics in Chemical Carcinogenesis: Translational Aspects in Toxicology covers the translational toxicology of xenobiotics substances in carcinogenesis by explaining the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic, toxicogenomic, biotransformation, and resistance mechanisms in the human body. The book begins with a historical review and link to future prospects for chemical carcinogenesis. It discusses major environmental xenobiotics and their risks in inducing cancer, along with content on toxic xenobiotics and their routes of exposure in humans, the role of xenobiotic metabolism in carcinogenesis, and the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic of xenobiotics in cancer development. Lastly, the book explores current achievements such as using toxicogenomics for predicting the carcinogenicity of xenobiotic substances and the challenges posed by carcinogenic xenobiotic substances when examining preventive methods, diagnosis, and the development of anticancer drugs for specific toxicants. - Covers the exposure and transmission of various toxic xenobiotics substances, including nanomaterials, to humans and their interaction with specific tissues in precipitating the development of cancers - Unravels the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic processes of toxic xenobiotics in bioaccumulation - Examines the genetic aberrations in cancer genomes by genetic-environmental interactions in carcinogenesis - Explains the biotransformation mechanisms of toxic xenobiotics by gut microbes in humans

This book presents the overall technology spectrum in artificial intelligence (AI) and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which is set to revolutionize the world. It discusses their various aspects and related case studies from industry, academics, administration, law, finance, and accounting as well as educational technology. The contributors, who are experts in their respective fields and from industry and academia, focus on a gesture-recognition prototype for specially abled people; jurisprudential approach to AI and legal reasoning; automated chatbot for autism spectrum disorder using AI assistance; Big Data analytics and Internet of Things (IoT); role of AI in advancement of drug discovery; development, opportunities, and challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution; legal, ethical, and policy implications of AI; Internet of Health Things for smart healthcare and digital wellbeing; machine learning and computer vision; computer vision-based system for automation and industrial applications; AI-IoT in home-based healthcare; and AI in super-precision human brain and spine surgery. Buttressed with comprehensive theoretical, methodological, well-established, and validated empirical examples, the book covers the interests of a broad audience from basic science to engineering and technology experts and learners. It will be greatly helpful for CEOs, entrepreneurs, academic leaders, researchers, and students of engineering, biomedicine, and master's programs in science as well as the vast workforce and students with technical or non-technical backgrounds. It also serves common public interest by presenting new methods to improve the quality of life in general, with a better integration into society.

This book examines the current literature and knowledge on the evolution and ecology of all the birds named as eagles, with particular emphasis on the larger species. It also examines the past and current relations between eagles and people, including habitat change and conservation issues. Eagle ecologies and conservation are currently seriously impacted by human activities such as industrialization, urbanization, pollution, deforestation and hunting. Some eagle species have consequently experienced extreme population changes. There are, however, some positive developments. Eagles have a strong, historic bond with human civilization, due to their status as the world's most charismatic birds. Conservation policies have also been successful in repopulating some ecosystems with breeding eagles. Therefore, despite the complexity of this relationship, there may yet be hope for this unique species group, frequently rated as the kings of birds, and symbolic of human power, ambition, royalty, nationality, and even concepts of God. It is hoped that this book will contribute to the further understanding of these unique and fantastic birds.

The United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals call for the establishment of Good Health and Well-being and target a universal digital healthcare ecosystem by 2030. However, existing technology infrastructure is ineffectual in achieving the envisioned target and requires massive reconfiguration to achieve its intended outcome. This book suggests a way forward with fair and efficient digital health networks that provide resource efficiencies and inclusive access to those who are currently under-served. Specifically, a fair and efficient digital health network that provides a common platform to its key stakeholders to facilitate sharing of information with a view to promote cooperation and maximise benefits. A promising platform for this critical application is ‘cloud technology'with its offer of computing as a utility and resource sharing. This is an area that has attracted much scholarly attention as it is well-suited to foster such a network and bring together diverse players who would otherwise remain fragmented and be unable to reap the benefits that accrue from cooperation. The fundamental premise is that the notion of value in a digital-health ecosystem is brought about by the sharing and exchange of digital information. However, notwithstanding the potential of information and communication technology to transform the healthcare industry for the better, there are several barriers to its adoption, the most significant one being misaligned incentives for some stakeholders. This book suggests among other findings, that e-health in its true sense can become fair and efficient if and only if a regulatory body concerned assumes responsibility as the custodian of its citizens'health information so that ‘collaboration for value'will replace ‘competition for revenue'as the new axiom in delivering the public good of healthcare through digital networks.

Recent Advances in Freshwater Crustacean Biodiversity and Conservation focuses on minor crustacean groups and regionally endemic groups, all from freshwaters. Chapters in this book cover crustaceans such as Maxillopods, Mysids, Cumaceans, Isopods, Amphipods, Branchiopods, Copepods, and Decapods. Each looks at global or regional fauna and discusses conservation issues for that group. The majority of the chapters are based on papers presented at symposia organized by the editors at two international scientific meetings held in Barcelona and Washington DC. The contributors are world-renowned experts on their groups, as well as on freshwater crustacean conservation and biodiversity at global levels. It has previously been difficult for conservation managers, NGOs, and university professors and students who may not have access to comprehensive journal subscriptions to find relevant information on diversity and conservation of freshwater crustaceans. This book meets that need, addressing crustacean groups not previously treated and providing additional information beyond any presented in existing books. As the editors write in their introduction: we cannot conserve and we cannot protect what we do not know exists.This is a reliable, cutting-edge reference for anybody involved in crustacean research: students, researchers, agencies, and NGOs, as well as science educators, conservationists, and government conservation policymakers. The book will also be useful for those working in aquaculture and fisheries, given that many of the taxa discussed are economically important.

The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an environment-friendly method of pest control that integrates well into area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programmes. This book takes a generic, thematic, comprehensive, and global approach in describing the principles and practice of the SIT. The strengths and weaknesses, and successes and failures, of the SIT are evaluated openly and fairly from a scientific perspective. The SIT is applicable to some major pests of plant-, animal-, and human-health importance, and criteria are provided to guide in the selection of pests appropriate for the SIT. In the second edition, all aspects of the SIT have been updated and the content considerably expanded. A great variety of subjects is covered, from the history of the SIT to improved prospects for its future application. The major chapters discuss the principles and technical components of applying sterile insects. The four main strategic options in using the SIT — suppression, containment, prevention, and eradication — with examples of each option are described in detail. Other chapters deal with supportive technologies, economic, environmental, and management considerations, and the socio-economic impact of AW-IPM programmes that integrate the SIT. In addition, this second edition includes six new chapters covering the latest developments in the technology: managing pathogens in insect mass-rearing, using symbionts and modern molecular technologies in support of the SIT, applying post-factory nutritional, hormonal, and semiochemical treatments, applying the SIT to eradicate outbreaks of invasive pests, and using the SIT against mosquito vectors of disease. This book will be useful reading for students in animal-, human-, and plant-health courses. The in-depth reviews of all aspects of the SIT and its integration into AW-IPM programmes, complete with extensive lists of scientific references, will be of great value to researchers, teachers, animal-, human-, and plant-health practitioners, and policy makers.

The world faces significant challenges as the population and consumption continue to grow while nonrenewable fossil fuels and other raw materials are depleted at ever-increasing rates. This informative volume provides a technical approach to address these issues using green design and analysis. It takes an interdisciplinary look at concepts that can be applied across engineering disciplines in the development of products, processes, and systems to minimize environmental impacts across all life cycle phases.Topics include polymers for pollutant removal, wood-based biopolymers, bio-based polymers for drug formulations, biomaterial-based medical implants, biodegradabilty of biopolymer materials, bio-based polymers for food packaging applications, biodegradable polymers for tissue engineering applications, and more.

Over 98% of sprayed insecticides and 95% of herbicides reach a destination other than their target species, including non-target species, air, water and soil. The extensive reliance on insecticide use reduces biodiversity, contributes to pollinator decline, destroys habitat, and threatens endangered species. This book offers a more effective application of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach, on an area-wide (AW) or population-wide (AW-IPM) basis, which aims at the management of the total population of a pest, involving a coordinated effort over often larger areas. For major livestock pests, vectors of human diseases and pests of high-value crops with low pest tolerance, there are compelling economic reasons for participating in AW-IPM. This new textbook attempts to address various fundamental components of AW-IPM, e.g. the importance of relevant problem-solving research, the need for planning and essential baseline data collection, the significance of integrating adequate tools for appropriate control strategies, and the value of pilot trials, etc. With chapters authored by 184 experts from more than 31 countries, the book includes many technical advances in the areas of genetics, molecular biology, microbiology, resistance management, and social sciences that facilitate the planning and implementing of area-wide strategies. The book is essential reading for the academic and applied research community as well as national and regional government plant and human/animal health authorities with responsibility for protecting plant and human/animal health.

Aquaculture, the youngest, fastest-growing, and most dynamic protein-producing industry, has the key advantage of efficient use of feed that allows farmed fish to be competitively priced compared with terrestrial proteins. Sustainable Aquafeeds: Technological Innovation and Novel Ingredients explores the present and future evolution of feeds, explains the current challenges for aquaculture, and considers how advances in technologies and ingredients can produce aquafoods for the increasing world population. International contributors to this book provide state-of-the-art information on the profile of the aquafeed industry, including factors affecting supplies and prices of key ingredients for aquafeed production. An entire set of chapters covers the scientific advances and feed industry initiatives in accordance with modern consumer trends, updating readers on the most promising strategies. These include the use of novel ingredients for nutrient supplementation and the enhancement of their use by genetic selection.The authors hope to inspire a collaboration of NGOs, researchers, and private partnerships to replace wild-caught ingredients by accelerating and supporting the scaling of innovative, alternative, aquaculture feed ingredients, including bacterial meals, plant-based proteins, algae, and yeast.

Structural control is an approach aimed at the suppressing unwanted dynamic phenomena in civil structures. It proposes the use of methods and tools from control theory for the analysis and manipulation of a structure's dynamic behavior, with emphasis on suppression of seismic and wind responses. This book addresses problems in optimal structural control. Its goal is to provide solutions and techniques for these problems by using optimal control theory. Thus, it deals with the solution of optimal control design problems related to passive and semi-active controlled structures. The formulated problems consider constraints and excitations which are common in structural control. Optimal control theory is used in order to solve these problems in a rigorous manner. Even though there are many works in this field, none comprise optimization techniques with firm theoretical background that address the solution of passive and semi-active structural control design problems. The book begins with a discussion on models which are commonly used for civil structures and control actuators. Modern theoretical notions, such as dissipativity and passivity of dynamic systems are discussed in context of the addressed problems. Optimal control theory and suitable successive methods are reviewed. Novel solutions for optimal passive and semi-active control design problems are derived, based on firm theoretical foundations. These results are verified by numerical simulations of typical civil structures which are subjected to different types of dynamic excitations.

The series Advances in Stem Cell Biology is a timely and expansive collection of comprehensive information and new discoveries in the field of stem cell biology. iPSCs from Diverse Species, Volume 2 addresses how induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be derived from different species. The volume teaches the reader about modern state-of-the-art methodologies to derive iPSCs from distinct species. This volume will cover how to derive iPSCs from species like nonhuman primates, horses, dogs, pigs, rats, rabbits, and others. It also discusses the importance of iPSCs in species conservation. Detailed description on methods used to obtain iPSCs from humans and other species expands the knowledge and understanding of stem cell biology and provides a potent tool to model diseases. The volume is written for researchers and scientists in stem cell biology, and regenerative medicine and is contributed by world-renowned authors in the field. - Provides overview of the fast-moving field of iPSC technology - Covers iPCSs from the following species: humans, monkeys, horses, dogs, pigs, rats, rabbits, and more - Consists of contributions from stem cell leaders around the world

This book presents a broad compendium of biodegradation research and discussions on the most up-to-date bioremediation strategies. The most relevant microbiological, biochemical and genetic concepts are presented alongside the fundamentals of bioremediation. The topics include: a wide variety of contaminant impacts evaluation, key methodologies required to measure biodegradation and propose new bioremediation protocols, as well as the handling of microbial communities related to such processes. The selected collaborating authors are renowned for their microbiology expertise and will provide an in-depth reference for students and specialists. The contents provide a valuable source of information for researchers, professionals, and policy makers alike.

Starving Cancer Cells: Evidence-Based Strategies to Slow Cancer Progression — A Selection of Readings for Health Services Providers presents an edited and annotated collection of recent medical journal publications and abstracts illustrating new approaches to treatment derived from the metabolic theory of cancer. It intends to shed an early light on a relatively new approach to our understanding of the cancer cell idiosyncratic metabolic dysfunction, and on evidence-based new treatment strategies derived from that understanding. The book discusses topics such as tumor starvation by L-arginine deprivation; L-canavanine depriving tumors of L-arginine in pancreatic, multiple myeloma and breast cancer; glucose deprivation and intermittent fasting; glutamine uptake in cancer; the relation of oxygen-starved cancer cells with aspartate; and reducing tolerance of tumor cells to nutrition starvation. The content is presented in a contextualized and practical way in order to facilitate the transition from bench to bedside. This is a valuable resource for practitioners, oncologists and other members of healthcare chain who are interested in learning more about the most recent tumor cell starvation strategies and how they can improve overall treatment outcome. - Provides extensive comments on scientific publications detailing recent findings about tumor cell auxotrophy applied to tumor cell starvation strategies - Helps the reader to find relevant and practical information on cancer cell starvation, otherwise spread through niched specialized journals, in one single place - Comments on the recent findings putting them in context of clinical practice in order to provide the reader with means of translating high level research to the clinics

The handbook provides an understanding of consolidated processing and biorefinery systems for the production of bio-based chemicals and value-added bioproducts from renewable sources. The chapters look at a variety of bioenergy technological advances and improvements in the energy and materials sectors that aim to lower our dependence of fossil fuels and consequently reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The volume looks at a selection of processes for the production of energy and biomaterials, including the Fischer–Tropsch process, gasification, pyrolysis, combustion, fermentation from renewable sources (such as, plants, animals and their byproducts), and others. Applications that are explored include transportation fuels, biodiesel production, wastewater treatment, edible packaging, bioplastics, physical rehabilitation, tissue engineering, biomedical applications, thermal insulation, industrial value compounds, and more. All of the topics covered in this publication address consolidated processes that play a pivotal role in the production of bioenergy and biomaterials because these processes require fewer unitary operations needed in the process, leading to a more direct method of production. This type of production system contributes to decreasing negative effects on the environment, lowering costs, saving energy and time, and improving profitability and efficiency. This volume will be valuable for the industrial sector, for researchers and scientists, as well as for faculty and advanced students.

YY1 Is Pivotal in the Control of the Pathogenesis and Drug Resistance of Cancer: A Critical Therapeutic Target describes the current state-of-the-art of the transcription factor YY1 that is overexpressed in the majority of cancers and a central factor that regulates all of the major features and characteristics of human cancers. This book emphasizes the biochemical, molecular and genetic underlying mechanisms by which YY1 regulates its pro-cancerous activities. In addition, it also describes the role of YY1 in the regulation of tumor cell resistance to conventional chemo and immunotherapies and the important role of inhibiting YY1 in cancer. This book is a valuable source for cancer researchers, oncologists and several members of medical and biomedical field who are interested in understanding further the role of YY1 in cancer. - Provides a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which YY1 regulates cancer cell phenotype and unique characteristics - Discusses the novel mechanisms of YY1 regulation of tumor cell resistance and means to overcome resistance - Encompasses new examples of newly developed non-toxic and selective inhibitors targeting YY1

Key Features The most comprehensive resource available on the biodiversity of algal species, their industrial production processes and their use for human consumption in food, health and varied applications. Emphasis on basic and applied research, addressing aspects of scale-up for commercial exploitation for the development of novel phytochemicals (phytochemicals from algae). Addresses the underexplored and underutilized potential of chemicals from marine sources for health benefits. Each chapter, written by expert contributors from around the world, includes a Dictionary of Terms, Key Facts, Summary Points, Figures and Tables, as well as up-to-date references. The second book in this two-volume set explores phycoremedation applications, and the sustainable use of algae for biofuels and other products of economic value. It also looks at aspects such as macro- and micro algal impact on marine ecosystem and remote sensing of algal blooms. The commercial value of chemicals of value to food and health is about $6 billion annually, of which 30 percent relates to micro and macro algal metabolites and products for health food applications. As a whole, the two volumes explore the aspects of diversity of micro and macro algal forms, their traditional uses; their constituents which are of value for food, feed, specialty chemicals, bioactive compounds for novel applications, and bioenergy molecules. Bio-business and the market share of algae-based products are also dealt with, providing global perspectives.

This book provides an account of the biogenic synthesis of nanomaterials by using different microorganisms. The chapters are focused on the biosynthesis of various metal and metal oxide nanosized materials by using bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and algae, including mechanisms of microbial synthesis. Other chapters summarize recent developments of microbial-based nanostructures for the management of food-borne pathogens, plant pathogenic fungi, as nutrients, and biomedical applications. Microorganisms are discussed not only as biofactories for the synthesis of nanomaterials but also as removal agents of toxic metals from the environment. Exposure sources and ecotoxicity of microbially synthesized nanoparticles are also discussed.