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Modern oculofacial plastic surgery as a field is quite young, with the majority of the literature and leaders in the field developing since the 1950s. As such, the body of literature is quite small compared to other fields. Currently, there is no unified source where readers can learn about the core manuscripts that drive clinical decision-making and influence thought. This book gathers over 50 foundational studies in the oculoplastics field and provides commentary on each study. Discussion of each study includes the abstract, in-depth commentary on the strengths, limitations, and implications of each paper, and guidance for further reading on the topic with a brief review. A short remark by an author from the paper will provide additional color commentary on the inspirations and challenges involved in conceiving and conducting the study. Foundational Papers in Oculoplastics is relevant for anyone who is interested in oculoplastics (ophthalmologists, oncologists, plastic surgeons, etc.) and provides a nice overview of the field with interesting personal anecdotes from those who helped establish it.

This unique title offers highlights of milestone – or “Classic”-- papers in American oral and maxillofacial surgery, as well as an engaging biography of the authors who were pioneers of the specialty. Written by a range of current leaders in the field, this fascinating book evolved from an exploration by the volume editors of what they considered to be the landmark papers contributing to the evolution of oral and maxillofacial surgery in the United States. Beyond the landmark paper itself, the editors were interested in the paper's author as well -- their legacy and contribution to the specialty. As a result, each chapter author not only provides an informative overview and assessment of the classic paper and its impact on today's oral and maxillofacial surgeon, but also provides a captivating biography of the person behind the paper, offering a valuable synthesis that adds important context to each paper. Because The Great War (World War 1) was a landmark period in the evolution of maxillofacial surgery, the editors organized the text into three sections – pre Great War, Great War, and post Great War. A major contribution to the clinical literature, Classic Papers and Pioneers in Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery will serve many different purposes for readers: as a comprehensive reference in general, as a starting point for maxillofacial surgeons who wish to learn more about the foundations of what is performed currently, as a resource for students looking for inspiration, and for all readers interested in the history and development of surgery.

This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. White Paper on Joint Replacement This White Paper details the status of hip and knee arthroplasty care in Germany. Hip and knee replacements are amongst the most frequently performed procedures and usually become necessarily due to age-related wear of the joint, osteoarthritis and fractures of the femoral neck. In light of demographic change, demands with regard to standards of care and the procedures are likely to rise. Contents • This White Paper contains information on indications, procedures, health economic aspects and the healthcare system stakeholders involved. • It portrays current developments with regard to the prevalence of hip and knee arthroplasty, the healthcare situation and quality of care within the chain of medical care. • This book is complemented by a chapter assessing the current situation from anexpert perspective with contributions from renowned experts in the fields of science, medical technology and medical practice. This book addresses people involved in shaping and representing the healthcare system from a variety of fields including medical professions, health insurances and health sciences as well as journalists and patient representatives.

The editorial group has selected these papers for publication in Progress in Orthopaedic Surgery from contributions to the'Reisensburg Workshop of Clinical Trauma Surgery'dealing with the lesions of knee ligaments and cartilage in 1975. They represent a survey of today's knowledge of pathophy­ siology, diagnostic means, and therapy of these lesions in the German-speaking countries. There are two'Reisensburg Workshops'annually, covering current topics of traumatology sponsored by the Ulm trauma group. Primary attention is focused not upon review lectures but rather upon the extensive discussions thus resulting in recommendations to the practising trauma surgeon in order to facilitate his clinical work. Ulm, November 1977 C. Burri, A. Ruter Introduction This volume of Progress in Orthopaedic Surgery presents a selection of papers dealing with injuries to the ligament support and articular surfaces of the knee. The menisci are not discussed as separate entities, but rather in their correct perspective as part of the knee jointsupport mechanism. As the editor for this volume, I have tried to select the most representative articles which cover this subject. These are publications from our European colleagues and reflect their opinion and experience. I have tried not to change their content or meaning in any way. This volume has been divided into six basic segments. Each deserves comment.

H.-J. Senn Adjuvant Chemotherapy (ACT) of breast cancer has now emerged as one of the controversial su):>jects in clinical and also experimental oncology. Driven by growing frustration about stagnating cure rates in breast cancer [1,4] and stimulated by elegant demonstration of highly curative effects of adjuvant systemic therapy in animal models [6, 11] and in several childhood neoplasias [15], researchers introduced ACT to the primary treatment of breast cancer with great hope some 15 years ago. After a first wave of isolated'historic'trials with generally limited but in one case remarkable success [5, 9], a second generation of ACT studies was initiated by NSABP investigators and oncology centers in Europe [2, 6, 13]. These trials were well conducted statistically and diagnostically, and all in the early 1970s included a surgical control arm. Early and intermediate beneficial effects on relapse-free survival (RFS) after 2-3 years median observation time then prompted a whole series of ACT studies in breast cancer. These'third-gener­ ation'studies usually regarded some positive influence of ACT as a given fact, dropping surgical control regimens and comparing different ACT regimens, hopefully in a prospective, randomized way 1984 Fig. 1. The mushrooming of adjuvant studies in breast cancer XII Introduction [reviews in 3, 14]. The'mushrooming'of ACT studies in breast cancer during the last 10 and especially 5 years is demonstrated in Fig. 1, and it gets really cumbersome even for the insider to keep on top of the multitude of sometimes conflicting data.

The series of volumes Progress in Surgical Pathology was conceived in an attempt to honor the 70th birthday of Dr. Raffaele Lattes. The original vol­ umes were the result of an initial call for papers dedicated to progress in the field of surgical pathology with contributors from all over the world. The pa­ pers published in these volumes have represented examples of classical clin­ ical pathologic correlations within the discipline of surgical pathology; other papers reflect the work being done at the interface between classical diagnos­ tic surgical pathology and research in the realm of immunology, molecular biology, cell biology, etc. These papers illustrate what is possible utilizing all of the advances made in basic biology, while remembering that the patholo­ gist remains an essential, crucial figure in the analysis of tissues, both with respect to their diagnosis as weil as the analysis of the dynamic interactions between cells. There have also been papers that may be characterized as philosophical or historical, which Iook at aspects of surgical pathology in a unique way. Five volumes have been published since 1980. The last of these was pub­ lished in 1983. For those of you who have been our loyal readers, you may wonder why there has been a gap in the publication of these volumes. This has been due to reorganization both among ourselves as weil as with the pub­ lisher.

'Updates in Colo-Proctology'covers the proceedings of the Anglo-Swiss Colo-Proctology Meeting held in St Moritz in 1990. The book contains the papers which were presented and dis­ cussed there by physicians of the various specialties concerned with the care of patients with diseases of the colon, rectum and anus. The authors, each distinguished in a particular field, have contributed across a wide range of subjects and different dis­ ciplines. The topics covered include surgical and investigative techniques, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and specific infections. Being familiar with the previous literature, it is clear that little was really new among the themes presented in St Moritz, but few will deny that many of the techniques and methods of treatment described in this book are truly modern. Some contribute an entirely new dimension to the approach to well­ known colo-proctological conditions, while others may open up new paths for future research. In addition, in colo-proctology as in other disciplines, advances in treatment almost always bring new problems in the complications which attend them. These are the subject of some of the papers. Although it would be invidious to pick out individual contributions when there is so much that is new to talk about and so much that is old to be looked at in a new light, we should like to record how much we have enjoyed reading and collating these chapters. We hope that others will share our enthusiasm and pleasure.

Readers of the first volume of Progress in Orthopaedic Surgery may remember the introductory remarks of Drs. Wagner and Hungerford. It is the intention of the editors of this publication to familiarize English - speaking orthopaedists with articles published in the European literature which, because of language barriers, would otherwise be inaccessible to them. Most articles in this second volume also are translations of papers originally printed in Der Orthopiide. The purpose of this German medical journal is to disseminate the newest experiences of orthopaedic problems in a form that is of particular value to the practising orthopaedic surgeon. In 1973 eight articles were published on acetabular dysplasia. In his fore­ word to this issue Dr. Wagner stated some of the reasons why such an indepth study was deemed necessary. He was of the opinion that the shallowness and increase in acclivity of the acetabulum was of such central importance in the development and treatment of hip dysplasias that a volume dealing with this subject was fully justified. Another reason for this collection of papers was the advances made in correcting the results of a dysplastic acetabulum by surgical means and thereby improving hip joint function in later years, or at least pre­ venting its early deterioration.

RNA Biochemistry and Biotechnology describes various aspects of nucleic acid and protein structure, mainly RNA structure and proteins, interacting with specific RNA species. Papers deal with DNA protein interactions, telomerase, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, elongation factor Tu, DNA repair, RNA structure, NMR technology, RNA aptamer interaction of biological macromolecules with metal ions. Two papers deal with theoretical aspects of RNA structure production and computer modelling. Many papers describe the possibility of commercial application of RNA biotechnology. One article discusses the impact of direct democracy on basic science supporting biotechnology. Readership: Advanced graduate students, Ph.D. students and young scientists as well as specialists in the field.

This book is a record of the papers read at the first meeting of the European Society of Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy (ESKA). This was held in the magnificent International Congress Centre (ICC) in West Berlin. Planning for the inaugural meeting of a proposed large society is inevitably fraught with problems and doubts. However, thanks to the tremendous assistance given by the ICC organization and to the participation of so many orthopaedic surgeons from Europe and all over the world the society had a very successful meeting, and it is fitting that the papers are collected together in this book as a permanent record. Various factors combined to delay the appearance of the book until now, shortly before the second ESKA meeting (1986) in Basle. We should like to take this opportunity of thanking Springer-Verlag for all the hard work involved in ensuring that the book was finished before this occasion and while the subject matter is still so topical.

International surgical meetings with thousands of participants speaking a dozen different languages tend to be frustrating for the individual who comes with the hope of learning about progress in his fields, but who additionally would like to be able to ex­ change ideas on controversial topics and to meet competent people with whom to discuss specific problems. In the'one-way'ses­ sions in which long papers are presented, details or specific points may be missed. Differing views often are not adequately discussed, because the meeting and its participants are pressed for time. The 44 breakfast and luncheon sessions, covering different topics of interest to the practicing surgeon, were mainly planned to overcome these classical'congress handicaps'and also to do away with the anonymous atmosphere of such a large congress. Slides and formal papers were banished from these sessions. The outcome of these very lively and pleasant discussions taking place around small well-dressed tables was unexpected by most participants. A chairman and several panel members shared their repast, caloric and intellectual, with some 10-30 congress par­ ticipants. The result was in each instance a lively, informative intimate discussion, very different from the anonymous atmo­ sphere of a large meeting. In the hope of preserving these ex­ changes, the chairmen were requested immediately the session finished to'distill the essence'of the 90-minute exchange into a summary captured on tape.

Although the number of published papers on traumatic hip disloca­ tion in childhood is large, our actual current knowledge on this inju­ ry in this age group is still full of obscure points and unsolved prob­ lems. Luxation of the hip of traumatic origin in children is infrequent, and the small number of cases reported by authors and institutions, as well as the usually short follow-up in many cases, are responsible for the many doubts and questions, especially related to complications and outcome following the injury. Consequently the treatment, especially the postreduction management, has not been adequately defined. Dr. Antonio Barquet has made the great effort to analyze the ex­ perience gained from 38 cases in Uruguay and to review more than 500 references related to the subject, covering more than 1400 cases. He began to study this topic in 1976. It was the subject of his postgraduate monograph in 1979, which was followed by a statisti­ cal analysis of the major complication, i. e., avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral extremity, which was presented as his doctoral thesis in 1981. In addition, he has published numerous papers deal­ ing with several aspects of traumatic hip dislocation in children.

The 6th International Symposium on Artificial Heart and Assist Devices met in Tokyo in July 1996, bringing together researchers and specialists from around the world. The symposiums proceedings in this volume comprise papers from nine sessions, each opening with contributions by leading scientists: TAH, heart transplantation, biomaterials, VAS, clinical application, pathophysiology, engineering, new approaches, and special sessions. Of special note is the inclusion, for the first time, of pathophysiology related to clinical use of assist devices. The clinical application section includes a paper by Dr. Michael DeBakey on the progress made in recent years. With descriptions of the scientific exhibition, accompanied by photographs of all artificial heart devices and systems displayed by major laboratories and manufacturers, Artificial Heart 6 presents the latest information on developments in the field of artificial heart, biomaterials, and heart transplantation.

This book is the result of an international symposium on bone transplantation, the first of its kind, held in Berne, Switzerland, on May 14-16, 1987. This symposium brought together some of the most outstanding experts - from all over the world, principally from North America and Europe -in the clinical bone transplantation and in basic research. It was an unique opportunity to summarize in a few days the state of the art in this field and to bring clinicians who carry out some research related to their work together with basic scientists. The clinician can on the one hand profit from the basis researcher's knowledge and on the other stimulate the researcher to share the orthopedic surgeon's interest in osteo­ articular allografts. The book, like the symposium, contains two types of contributions: 1. Papers from invited experts who have often dedicated a significant part of their professional life to the subject of bone transplantation. Knowledge which would otherwise be scattered among original papers from many different sources, some of it less firmly established and therefore less well known, is thus collected together in one volume, so that the reader does not have to weed out a mass ofless important material. These chapters may for a certain time act as a textbook on bone transplantation, but inevitably will eventually be superseded by new findings. 2. Descriptions of current research in all the main subjects covered in the state­ of-the-art papers.

Dear colleagues, Promotion of the development of ENT is one of the most important tasks of IFOS (International Federation of Otorhinolaryngology). Apart from organizing the World Congresses it supports different international and regional meetings, organizes symposiums on well­ determined subjects, etc. Since the last World Congress in 1981, in addition to the Danube Symposium in 1982 and the Congress of ENT Societies in Asia­ Oceania in 1983, an international symposium was organized in Antwerp by the Belgian ENT Society on evaluation problems of middle ear surgery. This is a very controversial question on which there is no concensus. During a four-day meeting many anatomical and pathological aspects, operative methods, possibilities of the evaluation of the results with computers, were widely discussed. You will find all the lectures presented in this book. I am convinced that these papers will prove to be a good basis for further discussion and hope that finally we shall achieve an international agreement on the evaluation of our results in middle ear surgery. My thanks go to Professor Marquet for organizing the meeting and for publishing the papers. Professor Dr. L. Surjan President of IFOS 10 WELCOME Dear colleagues and especially dear Professor Marquet, In my function as pro-rector of the University of Antwerp I am very proud of welcoming you to the opening of the International Conference on'The Postoperative Evaluation in Middle Ear Surgery'. It gives me the opportunity to stress the importance of this congress and to honour Prof. Marquet.

The papers collected in this volume represent the formal proceedings of the Third European Symposium on Calcified Tissues which was held in Davos, Switzerland from 11th to 16th April 1965 under the sponsorship of the Laboratorium fur experi­ mentelle Chirurgie, Schweizerisches Forschungsinstitut Davos. This Symposium fol­ lowed the now established tradition of the previous Symposia held in Oxford in 1963 and in Liege in 1964. Participation was again strictly on a residential basis. This year the Schatz alp Hotel provided a scenic and secluded meeting place high on a mountain side overlooking Davos yet close to the Forschungsinstitut in which the opening session of the Symposium was held. The papers and communications published in the volume are arranged in order of presentation and are grouped under the five main themes selected for discussion by the Symposium, namely,'Cell function in the formation, maintenance and destruc­ tion of osseous tissue','Response of calcified tissues to mechanical factors','Mecha­ nisms of mineralization and diseases related to mineral deposition','Hormones and bone'and'Fundamental structure of dental hard tissues'. The programme consisted of a number of review lectures given by invited speakers and of short communications in relation to each of the above themes. No attempt was made to record the dis­ cussions to the papers as, being a residential meeting, the more valuable and interest­ ing interchanges took place informally in small discussion groups and not within the time schedule of the prearranged programme.

This book is a revision companion for the UEMS breast exam. The contents extract and distil the key messages and facts of the exam-linked textbook, published in 2017, giving self-test opportunities in the last chapter. Each chapter starts by listing the key facts. The chapters have been edited by the exam board in collaboration with most of the authors of the original chapters of key relevance.The book is specifically designed to complement the UEMS breast surgery exam which is held once a year. In addition there are two feeder courses for the exam, the EBSQ exam Preparatory Course by the Division of Breast Surgery and the Advanced Course on Breast Cancer by the ESSO, each of which run yearly. There are several other postgraduate courses that could support by the book. The book is also of interest to candidates sitting the FRCS exam with a special interest in breast surgery. The last Chapter describes the format of the exams, the scoring system and presents examples of both, the written (MCQ) and the oral examination. The MCQ part contains a questions section with 25 MCQs, including the correct answers at the end. A Clinical Case scenario is also presented with indicative questions similar to those discussed during the oral exam and a list of Academic papers included for discussion in recent oral exams, along with indicative questions is also included.

This book provides a practical, step-by-step guidance on modern workhorse flaps for plastic and reconstructive surgeons in training or in their early career. The 50 chapters cover everything from surgical fundamentals to preconditions of microsurgical techniques, but also covers pre-operative planning, steps of microsurgical dissection and management of complications in a straightforward, explanatory style, and are supplemented by over 600 clinical illustrations and cadaveric images. Further videos demonstrations with pertinent steps in flap dissection, anatomical nomenclature and long-term outcomes are also demonstrated. For each flap a detailed discussion of key papers concerning its origin, pitfalls, technical refinements and tips for success are also included. Thanks to specific notes on common reconstructive challenges and complications, this book offers a valuable reference tool and would be unquestionably an integral reference guide for every surgeon interested in reconstructive microsurgical techniques, especially during their early microsurgical career.

This book contains the edited papers of the IUTAM Symposium on the Biomechanics of Impact, which was held in University College Dublin, Ireland in July 2005. These papers can be grouped into those that are concerned with the different causes of accidents (e.g., transport, occupational and sports injuries), the mechanics involved in accident analysis (e.g., accident investigation, computational modelling techniques), the different types of resulting traumatic injuries (including musculoskeletal, organ, spinal and head injuries), methods of assessing the extent of injury (e.g., injury assessment.

This book aims to review all of the literature, including landmark papers and the most current published data, in regard to the management of non-malignant foregut diseases. A number of surgeons publish and focus in malignant diseases of the esophagus, but this text emphasizes the benign ones, their problems and how to face them with the new available resources and technology. This book describes the different diagnostic tools available, as well as the different therapies for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its potential complications like Barret's or strictures, and the associated anatomical abnormalities such as hiatal hernia or short esophagus, and more. Motility disorders of the esophagus, esophageal diverticula and perforations are also discussed. Different devices and approaches can be used to treat these diseases and they are covered and explained in different chapters of the book. Written by experts in the field, Benign Esophageal Disease provides surgeons and physicians with a concise and comprehensive summary of the current state of the field and will help guide patient management.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Symposium on Surgery Simulation and Soft Tissue Modeling, IS4TM 2003, held in Juan-Les-Pins, France in June 2003. The 33 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on soft tissue models, haptic rendering, cardiac modeling, and patient specific simulators.

In the four years of its existence, MICCAI has developed into the premier - nual conference on medical image computing and computer-assisted interv- tion. The single-track conference has an interdisciplinary character, bringing - getherresearchersfromboththenaturalsciencesandvariousmedicaldisciplines. It provides the international forum for developments concerning all aspects of medical image processing and visualization, image-guided and computer-aided techniques, and robot technology in medicine. The strong interest in MICCAI is con?rmed by the large number of subm- sions we received this year, which by far surpassed our expectations. The arrival of the shipload of papers just before the deadlines (one in the European and the otherin theAmericantime zone)wasa particularlyenjoyableexperience,aswas the whole procedure of preparing the scienti?c programme. Both the quantity and quality of the submissions allowed us to compose a volume of high quality papers, which we are sure will contribute to the further development of this exciting?eld of research. As for the hard numbers, in total 338 submissions were received. Next to full papers, short communications were solicited for works in progress,hardware prototypes, and clinical case studies. Long papers were reviewed by three or four reviewers and short papers by two or three reviewers. The?nal selection of papers was carried out by the Programme Board. Out of the 246 long papers, 36 were accepted for oral presentation and 100 as full posters. An additional 75 of the long papers, and 47 out of 92 short papers were accepted as short posters.

This book presents the latest research advances in the theory, design, control, and application of robot systems intended for a variety of purposes such as manipulation, manufacturing, automation, surgery, locomotion, and biomechanics. Several chapters deal with fundamental kinematics in nature, including synthesis, calibration, redundancy, force control, dexterity, inverse and forward kinematics, kinematic singularities, and over-constrained systems. This book is a compilation of the extended versions of the very best papers selected from the many that were presented at the Asian Conference on Computer-Aided Surgery held September 16–18, 2013, in Tokyo, Japan (ACCAS 2013).

This book presents the views of leading European experts on the diagnosis and management of testicular cancer, with coverage of current hot topics in the field. It opens by providing an overview of the recommendations in the most recent consensus paper from the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group, which is based on interdisciplinary cooperation among urologists, medical oncologists, radio-oncologists, pathologists, and basic scientists. The remainder of the book focuses on areas of controversy in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of testicular cancer. In each case the evidence base is discussed and results from the most recent studies are reviewed, drawing attention to new findings that might alter treatment recommendations. The treatment-related chapters cover a broad range of issues, including the best approach in patients with poor-prognosis and recurrent disease and those with long-term toxicities. Relevant aspects of survivorship care are also addressed. The book will help clinicians and practitioners to achieve the goals of minimizing therapy and its side-effects without reducing efficacy in low stage disease, improving the cure rate in advanced disease, and enhancing follow-up and long-term survivorship.

Up-to-date and multidisciplinary, this text brings together all of the latest research and clinical treatment strategies for the management of injuries to the chest wall and rib cage. The management of trauma to the chest wall, especially “flail chest” injuries, has been relatively stagnant for many years. Non-operative treatment has been the standard of care, and despite some advances, has reached the point where there is little new to offer a severely traumatized patient. However, recently, there has been a dramatic increase in the interest in surgical fixation of unstable chest wall injuries. Specifically, plate or intramedullary nail fixation of multiple rib fractures has rapidly become the state-of-the-art in many trauma centers, and there have multiple research papers, reviews, new fixation devices, and instructional courses at national level meetings on this topic. This book assembles a diverse group of experts in the field—orthopedic surgeons, trauma surgeons, anesthetists,basic science researchers—to produce the definitive work on this topic that will appeal to a wide variety of medical practitioners.

Pediatric cardiology is celebrating in the 1990s the 50th anniversary of the beginnings of the age of therapy. This informal `history'describes how the discipline grew from the era of pathologic anatomy to the dawn of therapy, the beginnings of closed heart surgery between 1939 and 1945. That dawn ushered in a remarkable half century of change and growth, leading from clinicophysiologic correlations through the start of open heart surgery in the 1950s. The text celebrates some of the achievements of this vivid and heroic age, and describes how, in the mid 1970s, new surgical and medical approaches, including prostaglandins and Doppler echocardiography, led to successful cardiac treatment in infancy, the `infant era'. Interventional cardiology and the study of childhood arrhythmias began. Now, in the 1990s, a new era emphasising molecular biology and cardiac development is growing from the tools and concepts of the past. The four eras have focused on pathologic anatomy, clinicophysiologic correlations and surgery, heart problems in infancy, and now the developing heart. In each era there have been advances in the four domains of pediatric cardiology, the heart before birth, the normal heart, heart disease and defects, and preventive cardiology. Growth in knowledge has been both episodic and dramatic, yet not a picture of unalloyed achievement. The later chapters discuss some of the problems beginning to be recognised in the new and current `developmental era'. The pioneers of pediatric cardiology, both men and women, are more than eponyms, for each used in new and original ways the tools and concepts available in their era. The interaction of tools and concepts is a theme in this book. Just as the tool of the stethoscope was vital in delineating the clinical profile of ventricular septal defect and patent ductus, the fluoroscope played a role in developing the concept of the Blalock Taussig shunt. Pioneers also includepatients and their families, and the book includes some discussion of what little is known of childhood and of the child with heart disease in the four different eras. This is a brief overview of the growth of knowledge of children's hearts from before William Harvey until our own time, and includes references to histories of cardiac surgery and to collections of classic cardiac papers. By its emphasis on the child as the central historic figure, and on the interaction of tools and concepts in the growth of knowledge, the text provides a celebratory approach to the 50th anniversary of modern pediatric cardiology.

Advances in Abdominal Surgery 2002 contains papers from a group of Italian academic surgeons who contribute to a national research program entitled `Progress in Abdominal Surgery'. The research is supported by the Italian Ministry of the University. The primary objective of the group is to combine experimental and clinical approaches in the study of several surgical abdominal diseases. The authors of the individual chapters were requested to present an update in their own fields of research. This volume summarizes several important updates in abdominal surgery and pathophysiology. The contributions are grouped into six sections, namely Surgical Infection, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, Colorectal Surgery, Fecal Incontinence, Minimally-Invasive Surgery, and Transplantation.

Dieses Wörterbuch bietet einen kompakten Zugang zu den englischen bzw. deutschen Übersetzungen der wichtigsten Begriffe in den bildgebenden Verfahren. Alle modernen Verfahren, darunter die Sonographie, CT, Radiologie, MR, sind abgedeckt. Beispielsätze erleichtern dem Benutzer das Verständnis von Wortwahl und korrekter Idiomatik. Dieses Buch ist ein unverzichtbares Werkzeug für alle, die englischsprachige Arbeiten sicher verstehen oder verfassen möchten. This dictionary gives a bilingual compact approach to the english respectively german translations of the most important terms in imaging methods. All of the modern methods including sonography, CT, radiology, MR, are covered. Example sentences make the dictionary clearer, the correct choice of words and idioms easier. This book is an indispensable tool for everyone interested in reading and writing scientific papers.

Computer applications in medical care have been greatly increasing during the last ten years. Combined with other electronic devices, computers can produce images which represent human organ sections. Such a way to get informations on patient organs widely improves di­ agnosis and surgery efficiency. But we can go through a new step by generating three­ dimensional models of these organs and by displaying them. Most of research in this area focuses on the visualization process. But, in order to efficiently exploit the data collected and processed by the computer, we need to create a high-level three-dimensional model of the organ to be displayed. An interactive approach to get such a model is described in this paper as the way to use it for the study of kidney anatomy. I. 20 and 30 data visualization in medical care Classical X-ray radiographs give us a projection of human body inner parts, with an enhancement of high-density elements. But they cannot give us a complete view of organs, such as in cross-sections. Recent imaging techniques solve this problem, usually by computing those sections from a set of projections along different directions. Physicians can then get a full examination of organs by using such equipments as X-ray scanners or those producing Mag­ netic Resonance, ultrasonic or radionuclide images. The information collected on the organ (density, acoustic property, etc.

One of the greatest challenges for mechanical engineers is to extend the success of computational mechanics to fields outside traditional engineering, in particular to biology, biomedical sciences, and medicine. This book is an opportunity for computational biomechanics specialists to present and exchange opinions on the opportunities of applying their techniques to computer-integrated medicine.Computational Biomechanics for Medicine: Models, Algorithms and Implementation collects the papers from the Seventh Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshop held in Nice in conjunction with the Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention conference. The topics covered include: medical image analysis, image-guided surgery, surgical simulation, surgical intervention planning, disease prognosis and diagnostics, injury mechanism analysis, implant and prostheses design, and medical robotics.

The second common meeting of the European Section and the Cervical Spine Research Society took place in Marseille (France) from June 12 to 15, 1988 and was organized by Rene Louis. More than 130 specialists from every part of Europe, from America and Asia participated, representing, among others, the fields of Orthopedics, Neurosurgery, Traumatology, Neurology, Anatomy, Rheumatology and Radiology. This meeting again was convincing proof of the growing interest which exists in Europe in research into injuries and diseases of the cervical spine. The main topics of this meeting were the subluxation of the lower cervical spine (chapter 1) and the infectious diseases of the cervical spine (chapter 2). Chapters 3 and 4 of this volume deal with degenerative lesions and the upper cervical spine. In chapter 5 experimental reports are presented, so that a good synopsis is provided of our present state of knowledge of diseases of the cervical spine. The European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society was founded by Mario Boni in 1984, who unfortunately died in 1986 and was proclaimed Honory President of the European Section. There is a European meeting every summer and one every three years with our colleagues from the United States of America, Canada and Japan organized in Europe. The first combined meeting was organized by Pierre Kehr in Strasbourg (France) in 1985 and the presented papers were published in Cervical Spine I (Springer, Wien-New York, 1987).

The world community of pediatric nephrologists has grown to a great number of active members. A number of them are interested in problems of renal insufficiency and kidney replacement therapy. Therefore, many vital meetings concerning this vibrant speciality have been included in international pediatric congresses. But the discussion of ten-minutes-papers in a large auditorium was often limited, criticism tended to be muted, lively discussions have only occasionally succeeded for the reason that the topics have tended to be too specialized for the audiences in relation to the large number of other discussions about questions and results in pedeatric science. In Cologne, therefore, we decided to hold a conference concerning problems, advances and controversies in renal insufficiency in children, which would have a limited but general audience in rooms of a modest size, topics that tended to polarize a world-wide faculty of experts who liked their basic views to be opposed. The session would be chaired by persons well-known for inciting discussion and even difficult questions in order to stimulate a vital debate between delegates and audiences. One important part of the meeting was therefore the discussion in an open and familiar way as it is known in other workshops. We called the conference'KaIner Kinderdialyse-Symposium'. The first conference was held in November 1975, and evoked an extra­ ordinary enthusiastic response from both audiences and delegates, so we held a second one in 1978 and the third meeting was in 1981.

One of the greatest challenges for mechanical engineers is to extend the success of computational mechanics to fields outside traditional engineering, in particular to biology, biomedical sciences, and medicine. This book is an opportunity for computational biomechanics specialists to present and exchange opinions on the opportunities of applying their techniques to computer-integrated medicine.Computational Biomechanics for Medicine: Deformation and Flow collects the papers from the Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention conference (MICCAI 2011) dedicated to research in the field of medical image computing and computer assisted medical interventions. The topics covered include: medical image analysis, image-guided surgery, surgical simulation, surgical intervention planning, disease prognosis and diagnostics, injury mechanism analysis, implant and prostheses design, and medical robotics.

and collaborators succeeded in proving met. We became acquainted during a their existence in the laboratory. General Meeting of the Board of Directors Cryosurgery is an alternative choice for of the European Society of Cryosurgery; I the treatment of selected patients with in­ was very impressed with his intelligence, ternal tumors. 1. S. Cooper, as long ago as energy and determination. He is an inno­ vative researcher, a scientist and a therapist, 1963, suggested the use of cryosurgery for the destruction of primary and metastatic with a good sense of leadership. Professor tumors of the liver, because cryosurgery Korpan has dedicated himself especially to has several well-known advantages over the study of the surgical treatment of the liver, bile ducts and pancreas, has pub­ classic surgery: 1) it is effective in inducing tumor cell necrosis; 2) it spares more nor­ lished many papers and is the author of mal tissue than resection, with less risk of three books. Co-founder in 1997 and vice hemorrhage and dissemination of cancer president of the European Society of Cryo­ cells; 3) it makes the treatment of unresec­ surgery, he is also founder and presi­ table tumors possible, particularly those dent of the Vienna International Institute involving large vessels; 4) it allows re­ for Cryosurgery. Also an inventor, he has treatment; 5) it may induce an immuno­ devised 31 patents, some of which are stimulating effect against residual cancer.

Where do you begin to look for a recent, authoritative article on the diagnosis or management of particular malignancy? The few general oncology textbooks are generally out of date. Single papers in specialized journals are informative but seldom comprehensive; these are more often preliminary reports on a very limited number of patients. Certain general journals frequently publish good in-depth reviews of cancer topics, and published symposium lectures are often the best overviews available. Unfortunately, these reviews and supplements appear sporadically, and the reader can never be sure when a topic of special interest will be covered. Cancer Treatment and Research is a series of authoritative volumes which aim to meet this need. It is an attempt to establish a critical mass of oncology literature covering virtually all oncology topics, revised frequently to keep the coverage up to date, easily available on a single library shelf or by a single personal subscription. We have approached the problem in the following fashion. First, by dividing the oncology literature into specific subdividions such as lung cancer, genitouri­ nary cancer, pediatric oncology, etc. Second, by asking eminent authorities in each of these areas to edit a volume on the specific topic on an annual or biannual basis. Each topic and tumor type is covered in a volume appearing frequently and predictably, discussing current diagnosis, staging, markers, all forms of treatment modalities, basic biology, and more.

During the past 10 years, there have been many international meetings on the storage of organs prior to transplantation, and several have led to the publication of proceedings; there have also been a number of other books on this subject-. Most of these publications have concentrated on practical clinical aspects of organ preservation and on empirical animal experiments directed towards well-defined clinical objectives. Progress was rapid at first, but it is now generally agreed that there has been little improvement in techniques during the past 5 years, although understanding has certainly increased. In 1980 the Tissue Preservation and Banking Committee of the Transplantation Society decided that a fresh approach to the problem of improving preservation methods was needed: it was decided to hold a conference at which an opportunity would be provided to return to basic principles and to examine some of the advances that have occurred in recent yelns in areas of physiology that might be important for further improvements in preservation. The conference was held in Cambridge, UK, in April 1981 and this book is based upon the papers presented to that meeting and the work of a small discussion group that met after the main meeting. The book starts with six basic review chapters, followed by sections on the effects of ischaemia and anoxia, and on biochemical and pharmacological aspects of hypothermia. Chapters dealing with organ preservation by initial perfusion followed by hypothermia, and by continuous hypothermic perfusion, follow.

An experienced pathologist, radiologist and clinician combine forces to review the recent literature on coloproctology and give a precis of the results. Their Highlights in Coloproctology are the ideal source for a clinician or researcher who wants a quick overview of the subject. The book highlights the papers that have had an impact on developments in the field and brings the reader up to date with modern references.

DR. R. E. SMITH The first and second Coventry conferences on'Surgery of the Oesophagus'and'Surgery of the Lung'were arranged by Mr. Roger Abbey Smith, and they were so successful that he asked his colleague, Mr. J. A. Dyde to arrange one on'Surgery of the Heart.'He willingly accepted this task and has also been joint Editor. This book reproduces as faithfully as possible the papers and the discussion on the various subjects included in the Coventry conference. The simple title'Surgery of the Heart'could be expanded to include the blood vessels. Especially important is the anatomy of the various combinations and permutations of the pulmonary and systemic vessels. These playa major role in the production of pulmonary hypertension. First class investigations by radiologists, and physiologists ascertain the precise situation which the surgeon will expect to find when he opens the chest; indeed will help him to make the right approach. Mr. W. G. Williams helped with the social programme which enabled people to meet people. Mr. A. Martin gave us valuable help in taping the recordings which Mrs. J. Jelley and Mrs. V. Bayliss-Stranks ably transcribed. The editorial staff of Plenum Publications have given us unsparing advice and guidance. v PROLOGUE DR. R. E. SMITH I welcome you all to this conference on Surgery of the Heart.

A symposium,'Perioperative Management of Pacemaker Patients', was held in May 1990 at the Karl-Franzens-Universitat, Landeskrankenhaus Graz, Austria. The purpose of the symposium, organized by the Departments of Anesthesiology and Surgery, was to discuss the current status of permanent pacemaker technology, emerging developments in this field, legal issues, indications and methods for tempor­ ary perioperative pacing, and the potential for pacemaker malfunction and adverse patient-pacemaker interactions in perioperative and other medical settings. It was hoped that participants would come to some consensus concerning recommendations for satisfactory perioperative management of pacemaker patients. This symposium was probably the fIrst occasion ever that brought together representatives of the pacemaker industry, implanting physicians, and physicians responsible for the management of pacemaker patients in perioperative and other hospital settings to discuss these important matters. Certainly, it was recognized by all who attended that there existed at the time little in the way of substantial knowledge of how to best manage pacemaker patients or patients with possible indications for temporary pacing in'unique'hospital settings especially with exposure to electroma­ gnetic and other potential interference, but in the absence of professional persons with direct knowledge of pacemakers and related devices. Much new information was presented and useful ideas exchanged, so that three symposium participants were of the opinion that papers presented at this meeting should be published as a collective work.

The application of the caval catheter in emergency medicine and intensive care has today become routine. Generally, even in severe shock this route of access to the cardiovascular system is available in order to apply life saving volume substitution. It also permits longterm infusions in modern intensive care, particularly continuous administration of high-osmolarity solutions in par­ enteral nutrition. In both fields it represents one of the most important diagnostic parameters of circulatory disorders, enabl­ ing the registration of central venous pressure. Its undeniable advantages are counterbalanced by the dangers inherent in all invasive methods. Since sufficient experience and precise sta­ tistics are now at our disposal, the time has come for a provisional survey. While a few years ago it was considered mandatory to propagate the central venous access in order to advance new therapeutic and diagnostic methods, it is now necessary to recon­ sider and reformulate indications for its use. In this task it is essential to weigh the expected advantages against the possible complications in each and every case of catheter application. Cri­ tical scrutiny must include evaluation of techniques, approaches, and finally catheter materials; this paper presents the results of such a survey. The physician is hereby given the opportunity of being completely informed of evaluating the validity of his standard procedures. VIm, April 1977 C. BURRI F. W. AHNEFELD Table of Contents I. Introduction......... 1 II. Indications for Caval Catheter 3 A. Caval Catheter in Emergency Situations 3 B.

Prostate cancer is not only the most common genitourinary tumor but, accord­ ing to the tumor registry of Munich, the male tumor with the highest inci­ dence. The wide range of information concerning this important disease has been dealt with comprehensively. In a time when interested urologists can surf in the internet to find an article they are looking for, they usually get lost because of the flood of papers covering the same subject. Furthermore, they are still alone in deciding which scientific contribution to believe and which will serve their patients best. A well-edited book such as this, however, provi­ des quick access to all pertinent questions. These renowned authors have taken on the responsibility of writing a balanced report and producing a sort of a guideline, i. e., a diagnostic or therapeutic standard. The editors are to be congratulated on mastering such a formidable task, bringing together the leading names in prostate cancer to present their views on all the questions one might have about this disease. I trust that this book will serve urologists in practice and their patients well. J. E. Altwein Miinchen Contents Pathology and Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer 1 Morphogenetic Aspects of Prostate Cancer H. Bonkhoff............................................ 3 2 Cytogenetics of Prostate Cancer L. Bubendorf........................................... 13 3 Molecular Dissection of the Prostate Cancer Genome V. Srikantan, S. Srivastava................................ 25 Diagnosis and Clinical Significance of Prostatic 4 Intraepithelial Neoplasia V. Ravery, L. Boccon-Gibod...............................

As an addition to the European postgraduate training system for young neurosurgeons, we began to publish in 1974 this series of Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery which was later sponsored by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies. This series was first discussed in 1972 at a combined meeting of the Italian and German Neurosurgical Societies in Taormina, the founding fathers of the series being Jean Brihaye, Bernard Pertuiset, Fritz Loew and Hugo Krayenbuhl. Thus were established the principles of European co­ operation which have been born from the European spirit, flourished in the European Association, and have been associated throughout with this senes. The fact that the English language is now the international medium for communication at European scientific conferences is a great asset in terms of mutual understanding. Therefore we have decided to publish all contri­ butions in English, regardless of the native language of the authors. All contributions are submitted to the entire editorial board before publication of any volume for scrutiny and suggestions for revision. Our series is not intended to compete with the publications of original scientific papers in other neurosurgical journals. Our intention is, rather, to present fields of neurosurgery and related areas in which important recent advances have been made. The contributions are written by specialists in the given fields and constitute the first part of each volume.

In July 2008, European and Japanese specialists in neurosurgery, neurology, interventional neuroradiology and neurointensive care joined together to discuss the latest developments in the management of cerebrovascular disorders at the 4th European Japanese Joint Conference on Stroke Surgery, held in Helsinki, Finland. This collection of papers from the meeting deal with aneurysm surgery and management of subarachnoid hemorrhage and stroke, arterial dissection, intracranial arteriovenous malformations and fistulas, and microneurosurgical bypass and revascularization techniques.

Urological oncology is a subject of enormous interest to large numbers of uro- gists throughout the world, particularly with our increasing understanding of the possible causes and pathogenesis of the condition. As Editor-in-Chief of one of the urological journals, I can attest to this interest; the largest percentage of the papers I receive for review each year relate to either clinical or experime- tal urological oncology. It used to be that the manuscripts concerned mainly surgical techniques, but now this has extended to new technologies, dia- nostic methods, randomized pharmaceutical clinical trials, and thoughtful and complex experimental studies into the genesis of urological cancer. This is all evidence of our increasing interest in the topic. In addition to this, we have come to understand the management of urolo- cal cancer is not in the hands of a single discipline. The advent of multidis- plinary team meetings has made us realize that there is a hugely signi? cant role to be played by urologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, patho- gists, and radiologists. This new dimension has been driven by the advent of new therapies and by closer interaction among all of these groups at academic meetings. This is to be applauded and has inevitably lead to improvements in the management of our patients.

In March 1973, a short paper was published in Nature, entitled „Image formation by induced local int- action; examples employing nuclear magnetic resonance. “ The author was Paul C. Lauterbur, a Prof- sor of Chemistry at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. In this seminal manuscript the - thor described a new imaging technique which moved the single dimension of NMR spectroscopy to the dual dimension of spatial orientation, thereby resulting in the foundation of modern magnetic re- nance (MR) imaging. Over the ensuing years, MR imaging has assumed an increasingly important role in clinical imaging. It distinguishes itself from other imaging modalities, such as ultrasound (US) or computed tomography (CT), by the unique ability to visualize specific tissue components in a non-- vasive manner. In the earlier days, diagnostic MR imaging was limited to cerebral and musculoskeletal diseases. - aging of other areas which are more prone to movement through breathing (abdominal) or pulsation motions (cardiac) became available more recently, with the introduction of faster sequences and the - velopment of more dedicated MR imaging coils. Currently, liver MRI is considered the cornerstone of abdominal imaging. In most centers, however, liver MRI is still employed largely as a problem solving modality, when US and CT have provided an unsatisfactory outcome.

The request from Professor Jörg Klekamp for me to write the foreword for this monograph was an appealing challenge. Prior to the era of microneu- surgery, I was firmly involved in the surgery of spinal lesions, and achieved surgical removal of spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) on 12 - tients in the years between 1960 and 1965. Microneurosurgical techniques were introduced in Zurich in 1962, and since then I have applied these techniques to the exploration of the various spinal lesions: 182 herniated discs, 78 spinal cord AVMs, and 263 spinal tumors (46 epidural, 94 ext- medullary, and 123 intramedullary tumors). These have been published in a preliminary paper only, for I was unable to accomplish completion of the planned Volume V in my Microneurosurgery series within an adequate time frame. I therefore admire the achievement of Klekamp and Samii, who present to us a most comprehensive work. This monograph is outstanding in many aspects, providing an overview of the clinical experiences gained in a single neurological institution over a period of 25 years between 1978 and 2003, consisting of 1081 spinal tumors treated in 868 patients, with 973 operations (intramedullary tumors in 198 patients, extramedullary tumors in 446 patients, and epidural tumors in 329 patients). The entire cohort of patients was explored surgically by app- ing microsurgical techniques.

Dissemination of knowledge is the best and only strategy capable of improving clinical management in rare and ultra-rare malignancies, including primary adrenal malignancies. It is preliminary to any further healthcare policy such as, for example, the centralization of cases in referral institutions. Adrenal primary malignancies are probably the rarest among rare pathologies. This epidemiological consideration is at the origin of a vicious circle: the lack of preoperative diagnosis leads to inappropriate surgical procedures and to inadequate follow-up and systemic therapy strategies. Furthermore, when malignancy is recognized, the relative role of systemic, surgical, or other local ablative techniques is often misinterpreted. All this produces a negative impact on survival, also in patients who could have been cured with a correct therapeutic strategy. This open access book provides a user-friendly exploration of these rare conditions, using a transversal approach common in modern precision medicine. The text covers various clinical aspects, including epidemiology, genetics, molecular medicine, imaging, and surgery. Guidelines for managing syndromic situations are provided. The book thoroughly addresses all the different surgical issues and emphasizes the importance of pathology in assessing prognosis. The pivotal role of medical oncologists in managing these patients is explored, along with alternative treatments such as nuclear medicine and radiotherapy. Finally, the book highlights the latest preclinical research and its implications for translational medicine.

Für den Behandlungserfolg in der Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie stellt die Betreuung der Patientinnen und Patienten auf der Station und in der Ambulanz einen zentralen Pfeiler dar. Alle Facetten der perioperativen Medizin sind in diesem Buch fundiert und praxisorientiert beschrieben, von der Risikoevaluation bis zum Umgang mit postoperativen Problemen, die nach spezifischen Eingriffen auftreten können. Aus dem Expertenwissen und der klinischen Erfahrung der Autorinnen und Autoren sowie der einschlägigen Literatur lassen sich konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen auch für spezielle Fragestellungen ableiten.

This book presents peer-reviewed contributions from the MICCAI 2023 Computational Biomechanics for Medicine CBM XVIII Workshop held in conjunction with the 26th International MICCAI Conference. The content focuses on applications of computational biomechanics to computer-integrated medicine, which includes medical image computing, application of machine learning in image analysis and biomechanics, atlas based biomechanical simulations, novel algorithms of computational biomechanics and experimental methods for analysis of disease and injury mechanisms. The book details state-of-the-art progress in the above fields to researchers, students, and professionals.

A paradigm shift in contemporary practice favours the use of less intrusive approaches in abdominal surgeries over open methods. A wide array of advanced laparoscopic techniques is applied in surgeries of the colon and rectum in addition to abdominal operations for hernias. This book serves as an adjunct guide to a structured curriculum of training for colorectal and general surgeons. Designed to provide up-to-date information on the indications, contraindications preoperative preparation, technique, and post-operative complications of specified surgeries, this book is a descriptive surgery textbook on minimally invasive surgery. It gives a uniform structured format of chapters with multiple pictures and illustrations. An easy-to-read book in four sections: 1) Colon and Small bowel, 2) Rectum, 3) Pelvic floor, and 4) Hernias. This concise book aids surgical trainees and early career colorectal surgeons through their mentored training.