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The “Hematological Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: An Interdisciplinary Approach” is the eleventh volume of the “Interdisciplinary Cancer Research” series, publishes a comprehensive volume on the diagnosis and treatment of hematological cancers. The eleventh volume of the book, entitled “Hematological Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: An Interdisciplinary Approach” starts with a general title on stem cell therapy and hematological cancers. Diagnosis and therapy for acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma are explained in this volume. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). This interdisciplinary book will be of special value to hematologists and oncologists who wish to extend their knowledge on hematological cancer.

This Handbook on cancer biology comprehensively reviews the current status of the oncobiology of major cancer types, cancer detection and treatment strategies, principles and processes of cancer drug development, and nanomedicine and other emerging cancer medicine applications to cancer diagnosis and treatment. The book also provides practical and implementable nutritional guidance in cancer prevention, treatment, and quality of life for cancer survivors. It discusses pharmacogenetics strategies for predicting cancer prognosis and treatment exposure, response, and toxicity. Further, it presents bioinformatics approaches for predicting anti-cancer drugs and drug combinations based on the multi-omic data, including transcriptomics, toxicogenomics, functional genomics, and biological networks. The Handbook also examines major factors and pathways that regulate cancer stem cells development and discusses potential targeted therapy for cancer stem cells. The book explores the application of the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing technique in basic cancer research, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. This Handbook is an invaluable source for oncologists, researchers, public health specialists, epidemiologists, and policy makers.​

This book tries to emphasize the mechanisms associated with the resistance towards various anti-cancer therapies The focus has been given to the role of cancer stem cells, immune cells, and the multiway impact of tumor microenvironment in drug resistance. The book delves into the role of epigenetic alterations, autophagy, intracellular compartments, and the impact of gut microbiome on therapeutic resistance. Each chapter of the book has elaborated on these aspects that are exclusively or mutually driving the therapeutic non-responsiveness towards various current clinical candidates. In addition to that the book has also discussed novel strategies to overcome the therapeutic challenge by employing combinatorial therapies that can prove to be useful and effective. Overall the book reflects on the current treatment challenges, futuristic strategies and new research initiatives that explore novel treatment options.

In this next volume in the Cell Biology and Translational Medicine series, we continue to explore the potential utility of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Amongst topics explored in this volume are various aspects of stem cell commitment, differentiation and organogenesis in both health and cancer. Amongst the diverse areas covered are those exploring stems cells in relation to wound healing and their use in treatment of wound healing and different cancers. Other topics include genome editing, regulation of metabolism, immune cells, and algae in medicine. One goal of the series continues to be to highlight timely, often emerging, topics and novel approaches that can accelerate stem cell utility in regenerative medicine.

This book examines the relationship between the different infectious agents, such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, in the development of cancer. It is divided into six sections, spanning a range of topics, including infectious agents, main bacterial agents, and eukaryotic microorganisms, and how they contribute to cancer. Chapters also explore the anti-tumor effect of microorganisms, how pathogens induce epigenetic changes that are associated with cancer, and nutritional management for the prevention and treatment of pathogen-associated cancer, from a nutrigenomics perspective. The studies included cover epidemiological and immunological data, different OMICs data in general, and data of pathogens associated with cancer. The book is rounded out with an analysis of the role of glycans and molecular evolution in the progression of cancer.

This open access book is an unprecedented and comprehensive book that delves deeply into the landscape of cancer care in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This ground-breaking book is set to become a go-to resource for those interested in gaining an in-depth understanding of the status quo of cancer care across the seven emirates. The book, edited by Prof. Humaid O. Al- Shamsi, a leading oncologist in the region and the President of the Emirates Oncology Society, embarks on a compelling journey by meticulously examining the evolving cancer policies, treatment modalities, and innovative approaches while celebrating notable success stories. At the same time, it sheds light on the persistent challenges and unmet needs that continue to impact cancer care in the UAE. Authored by a distinguished group of experts hailing from various sectors within the UAE, the book brings together perspectives from oncology specialists, researchers, healthcare policymakers, patient advocates, and other key stakeholders involved in patient management. It covers a diverse range of topics crucial to cancer care, including early detection, diagnosis, treatment options, supportive care services, survivorship, palliative care, and ongoing research initiatives. In addition to addressing the general aspects of cancer care, this pioneering book focuses on the unique factors and challenges specific to the UAE. It explores the impact of cultural and social factors, healthcare infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and the integration of technological advancements in cancer management. The book also examines the role of patient support organizations, patient empowerment, and community engagement in tackling the cancer burden. Each chapter in'Cancer Care in the UAE'offers valuable insights into the challenges faced by different disciplines involved in cancer care and provides a roadmap for transformative change. By presenting an overarching vision and strategic outlook for the next generation, the book serves as a catalyst for positive change in cancer care across the UAE. Endorsed by prestigious organizations such as the Emirates Oncology Society and the Emirates Medical Association,'Cancer Care in the UAE'stands as a testament to its credibility and relevance. This comprehensive book will undoubtedly contribute significantly to enhancing cancer care, fostering collaboration among stakeholders, and ultimately improving outcomes for individuals affected by cancer in the UAE and wider region.

Autophagy is a catabolic process that eliminates damaged and faulty cellular components via lysosomes. It responds to adverse circumstances like nutritional deficiency, hypoxia, and oxidative damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative stress, which is a multidimensional chemical that drives various pathophysiological diseases, including cancer. In addition, the autophagy process has a double role, first preventing tumour formation, but later fostering tumour progression. A growing body of research suggests that autophagy and ROS have a complex interplay in which they can either prevent cancer growth or enhance disease genesis. While a combination of autophagy inhibitor and cytotoxic medicines is now being used in cancer treatment, investigating the potential of autophagy inhibitors for overcoming resistance to different anticancer medications and how this relates to the control of cancer micro environmental stressors raises several questions. Autophagy's dual functions as a safeguarding and cytotoxic process have drawn attention to its significance in the development of cancer.

Genetics have a role in the presence of breast cancer, while the potential role of the immune system leads to consideration of immunotherapy in the treatment of the disease, particularly in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. The sixth volume of the “Interdisciplinary Cancer Research” series, entitled “Breast Cancer Genetics, Immunology, and Immunotherapy: An Interdisciplinary Approach” publishes comprehensive volumes on immune and genetic mechanisms of breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The role of molecular genetics, interleukins, chemokine receptor, and tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes-TILS in breast cancer are explained. Targeting myeloid determinants, SiRNA loaded in drug delivery nanosystems, nucleic acid and drug dual agent nanoplatforms, and oncolytic virotherapy are also discussed in the treatment of breast cancer, particularly in multidrug resistant and metastatic breast cancer. This interdisciplinary series is of special value to researchers working on immunology, genetics, and practitioners working on oncology. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). This interdisciplinary book will be of special value to researchers, oncologists, geneticists, and immunologists who wish to extend their knowledge on breast cancer.

Hepatobiliary cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary tract cancers, have high rate of mortality and low survival rate. The third volume of the “Interdisciplinary Cancer Research” series, entitled “Hepatobiliary Cancers: An Interdisciplinary Approach” publishes comprehensive volumes on mechanisms of hepatobiliary cancers and therapeutic modalities and presents the most updated and peer-reviewed chapters on hepatobiliary cancers. This interdisciplinary series is of special value to researchers working on cell biology, immunology, biochemistry, genetics, and practitioners working on oncology and gastroenterology. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). This interdisciplinary book will be of special value for researchers, oncologists, and gastroenterologists who wish to extend their knowledge on hepatobiliary cancers.

This book provides the most current advancements in the medical care of glioma patients, accompanied by clinical cases. Clinical implementations of the new multilayered integrated diagnosis of gliomas according to WHO CNS5 are also demonstrated here. New adjuvant therapies, such as chemotherapy/targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and physiotherapy, are discussed in the book. The book also covers the applications of genomics and epigenomics of gliomas in clinical practice. In essence, this book shows the management of gliomas with new treatment modalities, which can prolong the overall survival time of patients fighting glioma. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. The present version has been revised technically and linguistically by the authors in collaboration with a professional translator.

This book presents recent advancements, challenges, and clinical implications of molecular biomarkers in various cancers. This book highlights the clinical applications of biomarkers are extensive for cancer risk assessment, screening and early detection of cancer, accurate diagnosis, patient prognosis, prediction of response to therapy, and cancer surveillance and monitoring response. It also explores the progress of predictive biomarkers as an adjunctive tool to tumor immunotherapy in effectively identifying the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and discusses their future directions in achieving precision immuno-oncology. Further, the book examines the combination of next-generation sequencing and advanced computational data analysis approaches in the understanding of the genomic underpinnings of cancer development and progression. Towards the end, the chapter discusses the role of some commonly investigated phytochemicals and their epigenetic targets that are of particularinterest in cancer prevention and cancer therapy. It is a must for researchers as well as advanced students and physicians in the field of cancer and clinical oncologists.

This new volume of the book series Epigenetics and Human Health is dedicated to microRNAs (miRNAS), regulatory non-coding RNAs that have important roles in the control of gene expression both at posttranscriptional and transcriptional levels. Endogenous miRNAs regulate gene expression patterns in a sequence-specific manner. These short sequences may serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of complex diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurocognitive disorders, respiratory diseases and pathogenic infections. Moreover, miRNAs hold promise to be used as extensive diagnostic and prognostic markers of disease. miRNAs, Human Health and Disease is an essential reading for graduate and undergraduate students, researchers, and academics interested in the latest developments on non-coding RNA-mediated pathways associated with health and disease.

The second edition includes new findings that were only a theory in the first edition, clarifying what is beginning to be proven true. All chapters have been updated, and new data on the analysis of major depressive disorder from exosome microRNA (miRNA) in plasma, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease, brain glioma from cerebrospinal fluid miRNA, liver cancer, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell tumorigenesis, and other topics have been added. As predicted in the first edition, diseases can be predicted using the miRNA memory package (MMP) and miRNA entangling target sorting (METS), which could clarify the etiology of human diseases. Because researchers are investigating the relationship between circulating miRNAs and human diseases to develop new medicines, miRNA deep sequencing and detection methods will be high-speed and clever. The microRNA 2000 Transformer - Quantum Computing and Artificial Intelligence for Health is aimed at intermediate and advanced scientists, clinicians, students, and science enthusiasts. The Author hopes to lay the groundwork for future human health innovation.

Cancer Genes is a comprehensive list of the most critical genes known to contribute to cancer imitation and progression. The book delves into their location on each chromosome, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of cancer gene dysregulation and genetic mutations which provide cancer cells with an advantage during each stage of tumorigenesis. The reference will familiarize readers with the location of cancer genes and equip them with the necessary information to identify relevant gene expression targets for research aimed at preventing the disease. The book is divided into two volumes focusing on cancer-causing genes found in chromosome pairs 1-12 (volume 1), and chromosomes 13-23 (volume 2). A key features of the book is a detailed reference list for advanced readers. The compilation is therefore a quick and handy reference on cancer causing genes for researchers, medical professionals, and anyone interested in understanding the genetic basis of cancer.

Epigenetic Cancer Therapy, Second Edition provides a comprehensive discussion of healthy and aberrant epigenetic biology, along with new discoveries to improve our understanding of cancer epigenetics and therapeutics. The book encompasses large-scale intergovernmental initiatives, as well as recent findings across cancer stem cells, rational drug design, clinical trials, and chemopreventative strategies. As a whole, the work articulates and raises the profile of epigenetics as a therapeutic option in the future management of cancer. Since the publication of the first edition of this book, the field of epigenetics has undergone significant change. New epigenetic therapies have been designed and approved for clinical use. Our knowledge of the plasticity of the epigenome in cancer and disease has expanded dramatically, with increasing evidence linking pollution to epigenetic changes in cancer development. This second edition has been fully updated to address these changes, along with promising therapeutic programs such as CRISPR/Cas9 mediated approaches, CAR-T based therapies, epigenetic priming, histone modifications, and similar, transformative advances across synthetic biology and cellular engineering. - Concisely summarizes the therapeutic implications of recent, large-scale epigenome studies - Covers new findings in the interplay between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and drug resistance, thus demonstrating that epigenetic machinery is a candidate target for the eradication of these CSCs - Provides a fully updated resource on new topics, including the epitranscriptome, oncohistones, single cell analysis, epigenetic priming, CRISPR therapy, CAR-T therapy, and epigenetics and pollution - Features chapter contributions from leading experts in the field

Cancer is a major public health concern and one of the leading causes of death. There is no simple solution for this complex disease, therefore interdisciplinary approaches might help to find solutions to many unanswered questions and challenges about cancer. The rapid flow of interdisciplinary research in cancer during recent years has increased our understanding of the nature of cancers. Such interdisciplinary approaches could be helpful for both the diagnosis and the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.The “Interdisciplinary Cancer Research” series publishes comprehensive volumes on different cancers and presents the most updated and peer-reviewed articles on human cancers. Over the past decade, increased cancer research has greatly improved our understanding of the nature of cancerous cells which has led to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies to treat cancers. This interdisciplinary series is of special value to researchers and practitioners working on cell biology, immunology, hematology, biochemistry, genetics, oncology and related fields. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN).

This book explores the latest developments in cancer research.

HOLLAND-FREI CANCER MEDICINE The latest edition of the gold-standard in cancer science and clinical oncology references In the newly revised Tenth Edition of Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, a team of distinguished researchers and practitioners delivers a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. The book contains timely and indispensable information on epidemiology, etiology, cancer biology, immunology, prevention, screening, clinical presentation, pathology, imaging, and therapy. Grounded in a fundamental understanding of cancer biology, Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine combines scientific principles with clinical practice. It contains hundreds of full-color illustrations and photographs, tables, graphs, and algorithms that complement and enhance the complex topics discussed within the book. This book is an invaluable clinical tool that provides readers with overview boxes, additional references, and other pedagogic features designed to make the content easy to access and comprehend. Readers will also find: A translational and integrated approach throughout the book that combines cancer biology with cancer management A strong emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care that improves outcomes and allows for the optimal use of all clinically appropriate therapies Discussions of the most current personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Perfect for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and internists, Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Tenth Edition will also earn a place in the libraries of allied health professionals involved in the treatment of cancer patients. This book is published in collaboration with the American Association for Cancer Research: https://www.aacr.org/

This book tells the story of the discovery of microRNA (miRNA) quantum code, the basic theory of biological data science for medical investigation with miRNA, to its implementation. It explains the use of a new algorithm called the miRNA entangling target sorter (METS), based on the quantum computation algorithm, to give the etiologic analysis for diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases, and age-related disorders. Providing detailed descriptions to make the METS algorithm simple to grasp, it also explains the accumulated cutting-edged data for human diseases utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) for quantum miRNA language (miRNA qubit) (MIRAI). Further, it describes a discovery story for quantum miRNA surveillance against tumors and quantum miRNA immunity against viruses. Since this is a multidisciplinary field of study, crucial details on physics, mathematics, computer science, data science, virology, immunology, oncology, pathology, and biology are supplied.This book will support professional advancement for scientists, clinicians, educators, students, and science enthusiasts. The reader's knowledge of the subject and its practical medical applications will be enriched by the wealth of informative figures and supporting data.

This book intends to report new concept of onco-spheres in cancer ecosystem. Onco-spheres are defined as where cancer cells (living organisms) dynamically interact with nontumor cellular (other living organisms) and noncellular components (non-living environmental factors) in the ‘host'internal environment (habitat) to construct a self-sustainable cancer ecosystem, which can be scoped at three different levels: primary/regional, distal and systemic onco-spheres. Cancer cells should be conceived as ‘living organisms', interacting with cellular or noncellular components in the host internal environment, not only with the local tumor microenvironment (TME) but also constantly communicating with a distant organ niche as well interacting with the host's nervous, endocrine and immune systems, to construct a self-sustainable ‘biosphere', as we termed the tumor ecosystem. By looking at theinteraction of cancer and host as a unique ecosystem, we will use ecology principles to further delineate the features of the dynamics of the tumor ecosystem. As the pioneer in proposing this concept, we feel that this full-scale overview of the tumor ecosystem is able to inform the readers about this concept, and to pave the way for designing novel therapeutic strategies on actionable targets within tumor ecosystem. The book is likely to be of interest to immunologist, biologist, medical students, researchers and general public who wish to learn more on this new concept of tumor ecosystem, and how this could be applied in many fields of research.

Current Cancer Biomarkers is a comprehensive review on the status of biological markers for various types of cancer. It aims to update readers on current developments on the subject. The contents are divided into 5 sections covering a wide range of biomarkers and their diagnostic applications. The range of tumour biomarkers referenced here gives insights into molecular mechanisms behind cancer, including initiation, development, progression, prognosis, response to the therapeutic modalities, recurrence, and point-of-care application to detect cancer. Key features- Introduction of the basic features of cancer markers- Comprehensive and updated coverage of potential and effective biomarkers including genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, cellular and morphologic factors- Information on biomarkers in many types of cancers including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, skin cancer, leukemia, liver cancer and prostate cancer- Applications of biomarkers in cancer diagnosis- Structured contents with easy-to-understand sections and headings- References for advanced readers The updated information about different aspects of cancer markers in the experimental and clinical setting will enrich the reader's understanding of the disease. The information serves as a resource to help in better management of cancer patients and understanding cancer biology when planning medical research projects. The book is intended as a reference for a diverse audience: biomedical science students, medical students, academics, researchers, clinicians and multidisciplinary teams involved in cancer management and research.

This reference book compiles together different animal models in cancer research. It provides knowledge and a better understanding of the advancement of the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the progression, formation, and clinical results of various types of cancer from the evidence collected from animal models utilized for cancer research. It discusses animal models for screening anti-cancer drugs and exploration of gene therapy. It presents different methods used to construct cancer animal models and the progress of each animal model in tumor research. The book also highlights the applications of genetic engineering, including CRISP/Cas9, in designing and developing animal models for cancer research. Further, it discusses strategies for modeling animals for investigating growth, metastasis, tumor-associated inflammation and microenvironment, cancer stem cells, tumor heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance. This book is s a valuable resource for basic and translational cancer researchers, clinicians, and health care.

This book is focused on the history of cancer research. It follows the evolution of techniques and their applications in the diagnosis, treatment and management of cancer, from genetics to omics and finally the discovery of biomarkers. The book also discusses the present scenario in cancer development and management, and describes the importance of understanding cancer biology using microRNA, novel sequencing, and machine-learning approaches to determine DNA mutations. The book will be of value to students, research scholars, scientists, and innovators.

Cancer Genes is a comprehensive list of the most critical genes known to contribute to cancer imitation and progression. The book delves into their location on each chromosome, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of cancer gene dysregulation and genetic mutations which provide cancer cells with an advantage during each stage of tumorigenesis. The reference will familiarize readers with the location of cancer genes and equip them with the necessary information to identify relevant gene expression targets for research aimed at preventing the disease. The book is divided into two volumes focusing on cancer-causing genes found in chromosome pairs 1-12 (volume 1), and chromosomes 13-23 (volume 2). A key features of the book is a detailed reference list for advanced readers. The compilation is therefore a quick and handy reference on cancer causing genes for researchers, medical professionals, and anyone interested in understanding the genetic basis of cancer.

This volume focuses on applying the Crispr system in editing the genome of human cells (in vitro and in vivo) and model organisms used in biomedical research. With the advent of Crispr technology, genome editing soon became a procedure of great interest to laboratories worldwide due to its relative ease and accuracy. In biomedical sciences, genome editing by Crispr has already enabled the development of new experimental model systems. In medicine, therapeutic alternatives for the genetic'correction'of diseases have already begun to appear. Therefore, the book's purpose is to bring in a single volume, chapters that show the scientific community in biomedicine, medicine, human genetics, oncology, virology, and parasitology, among others, the advances in genomic editing. In a chapter dedicated to the ethical aspects of human genomic editing, we also address what we can and should do with this (bio)technology. The book chapters were written by productive researchers specializing in Crispr genome editing. The chapters cover the concept of Crispr and genome editing and how to use this new methodology in biomedical research and medicine, among other aspects, including the ethical controversy around its use in humans. The writing of the chapters keeps a specialized language intelligible enough for those who want to introduce themselves to the subject.

This book reviews the structure-function relationship of nucleic acids, their role in the pathophysiology of the diseases, and as therapeutic targets for human diseases. The chapters discuss the role of nucleic acids in inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The book also describes recent advancements in nucleic acid-based therapy, the application of nucleic acids in diagnostics, in the development of nano-carriers, logic gates, and sensors. It explores the use of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) as a unique and multifunctional platform for numerous applications, including therapeutics, diagnostics, nanodevices, and materials. It further examines the role of DNA methylation, histone modifiers and readers, chromatin remodelers, microRNAs, and other components of chromatin in the progression of cancer. The book also discusses the applications of nucleic acid as a vaccine and as a gene-editing tool. It also provides an overview of the clinical trials using genome editing platforms for disease treatment and the challenges in implementing the editing technology. Finally, the book elucidates a representative description of challenges associated with nucleic acid-mediated therapy. ​

Epigenetic alterations are heritable changes that play a key role in human development and tissue-specific gene expression patterns. These changes can lead to alterations involved in tumor formation, imprinting, and metabolic disorders. Recent advances can help us understand the importance of epigenetic changes in both cancer development and tumor progression. In addition, epigenetic alterations may also be useful diagnostic and prognostic markers for the analysis of tumor progression.Split into two parts, the book opens with a comprehensive overview of the identification and analysis of epigenetic changes in cancer and the consequences of such changes during tumor development. The second part focusses on cancer specific epigenetic alterations and discusses the potential use of epigenetic markers as biomarkers in diagnosis, early cancer progression, and prognosis. Moreover, it reviews the therapeutic potential of epigenetic drugs. Given its scope, Cancer Epigenetics is an indispensable resource not only for researchers working in the field of human epigenetics and cancer research but also for advanced students seeking for an introduction into epigenetic mechanisms.

This book addresses Epigenetics in Cancer and covers the most recent advances in RNA/histone/DNA epigenetics in Oncology. RNA/histone/DNA epigenetics have been shown to play pivotal roles in cancer initiation, progression, maintenance and drug response/resistance, tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cell self-renewal, cancer metabolism, and tumor immune evasion. In particular, research in RNA cancer epigenetics has made impressive progress in the last few years.Individual chapters in Part I (focusing on RNA epigenetics) are devoted to RNA modifications in Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment, Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Immune Surveillance, Solid Tumors and Tumor Immunity, and Hematopoietic Malignancies, as well as to RNA editing in Cancer. Chapters in Part II and III of the book focus on histone epigenetics and DNA epigenetics, respectively.By familiarizing readers with the latest developments in this complex and challenging field, the book offers a valuable resourcefor scientists, graduate students and clinicians alike.

The roles of gene transcription in cancer have long been appreciated. However, posttranscriptional processes also contribute significantly to alterations in gene expression that lead to tumor initiation, formation, and progression.We have known for decades that alterations in the expression of key genes, such as those involved in cell proliferation, signaling, apoptosis, and immune responses, are major molecular events in cancer. This book presents our current understanding of selected posttranscriptional control mechanisms and the RNAs that they regulate. Each chapter provides an overview of a specific RNA-directed regulatory system and the RNA/protein factors involved, then discusses major findings in the field and their relationships to the development and/or treatment of cancer and associated diseases. Future questions serve to address'where do we go from here'and stimulate the reader's thinking about these important problems.This compendium of chapters from experts in the field is essential reading for anyone interested in the myriad ways that RNAs contribute to tumorigenesis: from graduate students, researchers, and clinical scientists interested in mRNA processing and translation, RNA-binding proteins that promote turnover/stability of specific mRNAs, how small noncoding RNAs control inflammation and signaling, roles of the epitranscriptome, and future and emerging RNA-based, anti-tumor therapeutics.

This volume contains nine chapters that detail horizons in cancer research. Chapter One summarizes the role of epigenetic modifications in altering the phenotype of the tumor immune microenvironment. Chapter Two defines the current trends in cancer therapy and the challenges that come with them. Chapter Three discusses the toxicities of tyrosine kinase inhibitors used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Chapter Four proposes a multifaceted approach to the lymphedema assessment that extends beyond arm size and volume based outcomes, and considers the impact of the condition on the individual and their life participation. Chapter Five elucidates the clinical features and diagnostic criteria of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw and emphasizes the essential measures required to overcome the difficulties associated with its diagnosis, utilizing the latest available differential diagnosis information. Chapter Six reviews the potent anticancer activity of the xanthohumol (XN) molecule and its analogs. Chapter Seven reviews recent preclinical and clinical studies to examine the current position of nanoparticle drug delivery systems in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Chapter Eight summarizes the pivotal role of the SphK/S1P axis in modulating estrogen related signaling cascade during the breast cancer progression and develops the promising therapeutic strategies for BCs by targeting the SphK/S1P axis. Lastly, Chapter Nine summarizes the current studies of S1P/S1PR signaling in bone metastasis and aims to establish a theoretical basis for the application of S1P/S1PR in the treatment of bone metastasis.

It is well recognized that blood could be the optimal site for evaluating cancer, allowing easy and repeated access for determining prognosis, establishing molecular targets, evaluating the efficacy of therapy, detecting the earliest signs of recurrence, and even detecting cancer at its earliest and most curable stages. The analysis of cancer through blood samples is now known as the liquid biopsy and has been a rich source of research and clinical application. There has been an explosion of interest and progress in liquid biopsy technologies since the first edition of this book. The second edition will expand its focus to now include not only circulating tumor cells (CTC), but also other emerging aspects of the liquid biopsy, including circulating tumor DNA and methylated DNA (ctDNA, ct meDNA), ctRNA, ct miRNA, circulating tumor proteins (and other) biomarkers and circulating tumor derived exosomes (ctExosomes). CTC play a central role in tumor dissemination and metastasis,and have been established as an important evaluative and research tool in advanced cancer, and potentially important in early stage disease. CTC defines tumor cells circulating in blood, while Disseminated Tumor Cells (DTC) refers to tumor cells identified in bone marrow. CTC/DTC are extremely rare events, even in late stage cancer, and their detection has presented enormous technical challenges, with the emergence of multiple technologies developed to address these challenges, including enrichment, identification and sophisticated analytical techniques to evaluate CTC and other cells in circulation that may also be important in the biology of metastasis. As foundational as CTC/DTC has been, the field of liquid biopsy has expanded well beyond these analytes. The relevance of circulating nucleic acids derived from tumor cells has quickly progressed from research to the clinic. There are now well established clinical applications for using ctDNA/RNA to determine therapeutic targets, follow disease progression and detect cancer recurrence long before routine clinical methods. One of the most exciting new areas of work is the possibility of using these circulating tumor derived nucleic acids to detect cancer at its earliest and potentially most curable stages. Another new and burgeoning area is the detection and analysis of ctExosomes. These highly abundant particles which are actively secreted from tumor (and indeed all) cells represent a novel way to detect and define multiple analytes of importance, including proteins, DNA and meDNA, RNA, miRNA, and other cell components that are protected and preserved in these compact structures. This second edition of Circulating Tumor Cells: Advances in Liquid Biopsy Technologies is entirely new and brings together leaders and innovators in the field of liquid biopsy, including basic and molecular biologists, chemists, engineers, statisticians, experts in tumor banking, test developers, research administrators and clinicians. A special feature of this book is that it includes chapters from the members of the US National Cancer Institute Liquid Biopsy Consortium. This edition also includes many of the participants of the latest international meeting on the Advances in Circulating Tumor Cells (ACTC) which is held in Greece every two years and gathers the most important liquid biopsy investigators from around the world. Thus, this edition represents the most comprehensive and up-to-date resource for those who want to further explore the exciting field of CTC and other liquid biopsy technologies. The new edition will be useful to a wide audience including scientists studying metastasis, cancer researchers, translational scientists, oncologic surgeons, medical oncologists, members of the biopharmaceutical industry, and graduate and undergraduate students studying cancer biology.

This book describes translational cancer therapeutics and the way forward from clinical and molecular diagnosis to treatment. In addition, genomics alterations, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs translate precision medicine for the individualistic therapy of cancer patients. It describes the involvement of various pharmacogenetic factors in pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic (PD/PK) modulations of medicines. Indeed, the role of bioinformatics and biostatistics, considering the extensive data analysis serving precision medicine approaches, has also been entertained in the present book. Therefore, intended book demonstrates the successful medical evidence for the use of precision medicine in the treatment of cancer and its future clinical perspectives. It fills the gaps in cancer biology and precision medicine with its up-to-date content and well-designed chapters. It will serve as a valuable resource for science, medical students, and interdisciplinary researchers. It is a very welcome addition for the scientific community, research centers, and university-industry research collaborators to find out a complete capsular package about cancer drug targets, precision, and personalized medicine (including an introduction to cancer cell signaling, genomic alterations, miRNA targeting, pharmacogenetics, biomarkers, and metabolomics in precision medicine, etc.) at a single platform.

Treatment Landscape of Targeted Therapies in Oncology: Challenges and Opportunities provides up-to-date knowledge on antitumor-targeted therapies and immunotherapy. The book's chapters are written by researchers dynamically working/focusing on cancer treatment. The content is designed to help those who are new to the field (beginners) and various specialized scientists and researchers involved in cancer research. For decades, the hallmark of cancer treatment has been conventional chemotherapy. But with the rapid increase in our understanding of the immune system, more and more small molecules, peptides, recombinant antibodies, vaccines and cellular therapeutic modalities are being applied to manipulate the immune response for cancer treatment. - Covers basic concepts and updated knowledge of the latest anticancer drugs - Brings comprehensive understanding of the treatment of cancer in context of immunotherapy and targeted therapy - Introduces the latest drugs and advancements in the treatment of cancer - Includes detailed diagrams to give insight to the mechanisms of action

Advances in next-generation technology (NGS) coupled with a deep understanding of cancer biology have promoted the rational design of target therapy towards precision oncology. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-integrated machine learning techniques are also increasingly used today to tackle the challenges of scalability and high dimensionality data and to transform multiomics data into clinically actionable knowledge. AI tools are used to support clinical decision making and improve clinical efficiency, while delivering safe and high value care. This book provides comprehensive analysis of such techniques and advancements of AI-based clinical cancer research in the improvement of cancer prognosis and diagnosis, resulting in enhanced prediction rates and survival of cancer patients.

This book illustrates the basics and underlying molecular machinery of cancer cells and biochemical assays that detect the type and stage of cancer through cell signaling biomarkers. It starts with a brief introduction to cancer biomarkers and addresses technologies for identifying and validating cancer biomarkers, biomarkers for cancer drug development, prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers, and microbiome as cancer biomarkers. It reviews predictive biomarkers for anticancer drugs, biomarkers in cancer survival and drug resistance, biomarkers in tumor recurrence and metastasis, the role of the biomarker in immunotherapy and personalized medicine, and the development of a novel cancer biomarker. Finally, this book also underpins the role of nanotechnology in the use and detection of cancer biomarkers for enhanced sensitivity and specificity. Lastly, it discusses the challenges with biomarkers in cancer drug discovery and development. This volume is an indispensable tool for researchers working in the field of cancer and also for clinical oncologists.

The book discusses the recent progress in understanding the therapeutic targets for gallbladder cancer to provide opportunities for research and for developing innovative strategies that may enhance the benefit of conventional chemotherapy. The book focuses on identifying candidate molecules and the overall status of the targeted therapies available for gallbladder cancer, as there is an urgent need to discover new molecular targets that can guide the emergence of new treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and act as biomarkers for the early detection of diseases. Recently, new treatment therapeutics targets for gallbladder cancer patients have been identified and the field is evolving rapidly. The book is relevant for the clinical researcher, surgeon, scientist and academician.

Much research has focused on the basic cellular and molecular biological aspects of stem cells. Much of this research has been fueled by their potential for use in regenerative medicine applications, which has in turn spurred growing numbers of translational and clinical studies. However, more work is needed if the potential is to be realized for improvement of the lives and well-being of patients with numerous diseases and conditions.This book series'Cell Biology and Translational Medicine (CBTMED)'as part of Springer Nature's longstanding and very successful Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series, has the goal to accelerate advances by timely information exchange. Emerging areas of regenerative medicine and translational aspects of stem cells are covered in each volume. Outstanding researchers are recruited to highlight developments and remaining challenges in both the basic research and clinical arenas. This current book is the 17th volume of a continuing series.

This reference book, which is the second volume of Targeting Oxidative Stress in Cancer, explores oxidative stress as the potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. The initial chapters discuss the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and its effects on different signaling pathways. Subsequently, the sections examine the impact of redox signaling on tumor cell proliferation and consider the therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals and nutraceuticals in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cancer. In turn, it examines the evidence supporting the use of Vitamin C in cancer management, before presenting various synthetic and natural compounds that have therapeutic implications for oxidative stress-induced cancer. It also explores the correlation between non-coding RNA and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the book summarizes the role of stem cells in ROS-induced cancer therapy and reviews the therapeutic applications of nanoparticles to alter redox haemostasis in cancer cells. Lastly, it explores heat-shock proteins, ubiquitin ligases, and probiotics as potential therapeutic agents in ROS-mediated cancer. This book is a useful resource for basic and translational scientists as well as clinicians interested in the field of oxidative stress and cancer therapy. ​

This book provides detailed information on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies for breast cancer. The first section of the book presents epidemiology, risk factors, histopathological, immunohistochemistry, and molecular subtypes of breast cancer based on the receptor status. It also discusses the association of breast cancer with other hormone-sensitive cancers. The second section of the book covers cover BRCA1 and BRCA2-associated breast carcinogenesis, early-stage progression of breast cancer, and noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of breast cancer. It also discusses the role of epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs in breast cancer metastasis and explores these as the biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer therapy.Further, it discusses the role of fibrinolytic mechanisms and circulating tumor cells in breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The book also provides an update on oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to treat breast cancer. Finally, it offers potential new options for personalized therapies for breast cancer patients, including optimizing drug dosage and identifying genetic changes associated with cancer symptom occurrence and severity.

The handbook comprehensively reviews the therapeutic potential of stem cells and stem cell secretome-based cell-free strategies in regenerative medicine. The chapters in section I and section II respectively discuss the diverse applications of mesenchymal stem cells and non- mesenchymal stem cells, including skeletal myoblasts, endothelial progenitor cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and neuronal stem cells in myocardial repair, inflammatory bowel disease, cognitive deficits, wound healing, retinal disorders, and COVID-19. The subsequent chapters in section IIIprimarily focused on the fast-emerging cell-free therapy approach in regenerative medicine for tissue repair and regeneration. These chapters review the impact of stem cell-derived secretome on various biological processes such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tissue repair, immunomodulation, musculoskeletal pathologies, wound healing, anti-fibrotic, and anti-tumorigenesis for tissue maintenance and regeneration.Lastly, section IV summarizes miscellaneous aspects of cell-based therapy, includingthe treatment advantages, opportunities, and shortcomings in stem cell-based therapy, potentially helping to refine future studies and translate them from experimental to clinical studies. Moreover, this section also has chapters on cancer stem cells as novel targets in cancer therapeutics. This Major Reference Book (MRW) is a valuable resource for researchers involved in stem cell research to understand the multifaceted therapeutic applications of stem cells and their derivative secretome in regenerative medicine.​

This book presents the applications of systems biology and synthetic biology in cancer medicine. It highlights the use of computational and mathematical models to decipher the complexity of cancer heterogeneity. The book emphasizes the modeling approaches for predicting behavior of cancer cells, tissues in context of drug response, and angiogenesis. It introduces cell-based therapies for the treatment of various cancers and reviews the role of neural networks for drug response prediction. Further, it examines the system biology approaches for the identification of medicinal plants in cancer drug discovery. It explores the opportunities for metabolic engineering in the realm of cancer research towards development of new cancer therapies based on metabolically derived targets. Lastly, it discusses the applications of data mining techniques in cancer research. This book is an excellent guide for oncologists and researchers who are involved in the latest cancer research.

This volume includes eight chapters that describe recent updates in cancer research. Chapter One highlights the benefits of ancillary/consulting care services within pediatric oncology, including social work, psychology, neuropsychology, expressive therapies, child life, chaplaincy, teachers/school liaisons, rehabilitation therapies, nutrition, and palliative care. Chapter Two discusses various generations of chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) and recent efforts in manufacturing CAR T-cells as a therapy for cancer treatment. Chapter Three explores alternative target pathways for putative therapeutic approaches affecting chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Chapter Four reviews research done on the role of epigenetics in the initiation and progression of thyroid cancer. Chapter Five summarizes the literature that implicates the underlying molecular mechanisms of paclitaxel resistance and the potential therapeutic targets to overcome this resistance. Chapter Six deals with the inhibition of autophagy for instigating temozolomide for increasing induction of apoptosis in glioblastoma. Chapter Seven studies the use of vitamin E for leukemic stem cells reprogramming. Finally, Chapter Eight describes new molecular studies for approaches affecting chronic myeloid leukemia cells.

This book aims to examine all immunohistochemical and molecular pathological biomarkers that can be useful and effective in patient diagnosis, prognosis and treatment decision, especially when faced with a carcinoma of unknown primary. For this purpose, epithelial malignancies of all systems and related biomarkers are examined one by one, and to look at the subject through the metastatic regions window, biomarkers that can be used to determine the primary focus for carcinomas seen in the areas most frequently metastasized are emphasized. With this bi-directional perspective, the reader is able to find biomarkers of any type of carcinoma on a system basis, as well as access to which biomarkers can be used when faced with a metastatic carcinoma. The importance of biomarkers in patient follow-up and treatment is also conveyed through the clinician's eye, and so biomarkers are handled with a holistic approach in all aspects. This book primarily targets pathologists, as well as clinicians (oncologists and surgeons) who manage cancer patients.

This book discusses the potential roles of miRNA as a crucial regulator in cancer biology. It examines the regulation of drug resistance by miRNAs in cancers and the mechanism of their deregulated expression. The book discusses the role and molecular mechanism of miRNA in regulating cellular proliferation and cell cycle. It analyses circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. It also analyzes the role of miRNA as a modulator of the development and function of tumor-associated immune cells. It explores the cross-talk between miRNA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pathogenesis, cancer therapeutic tolerance, and resistance. It provides insights into the role of miRNA in cancer angiogenesis, metastasis and describes strategies and associated challenges of miRNA-based therapies.

This book discusses the application of machine learning in genomics. Machine Learning offers ample opportunities for Big Data to be assimilated and comprehended effectively using different frameworks. Stratification, diagnosis, classification and survival predictions encompass the different health care regimes representing unique challenges for data pre-processing, model training, refinement of the systems with clinical implications. The book discusses different models for in-depth analysis of different conditions. Machine Learning techniques have revolutionized genomic analysis. Different chapters of the book describe the role of Artificial Intelligence in clinical and genomic diagnostics. It discusses how systems biology is exploited in identifying the genetic markers for drug discovery and disease identification. Myriad number of diseases whether be infectious, metabolic, cancer can be dealt in effectively which combines the different omics data for precision medicine. Major breakthroughs in the field would help reflect more new innovations which are at their pinnacle stage. This book is useful for researchers in the fields of genomics, genetics, computational biology and bioinformatics.

This book focuses on the fundamentals and applications of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics and discusses the strengths and key challenges of this emerging class of drugs. In the past 30 years, extensive research and technological development in many areas have contributed to the emergence of in vitro transcribed mRNA as a therapeutic that has now reached clinical testing. Formulations that protect the mRNA from nucleases and accelerate its cellular uptake, combined with improvements to the mRNA molecules themselves, have been critical advancements for mRNAs to become viable therapeutics. Though once regarded as a serious impediment, the transient nature of mRNA technology is now considered a major advantage in making mRNA therapies safe and, ultimately, a potential game changer in the field of medicine. This new book in the RNA Technologies series provides a state-of-the-art overview on the emerging field of mRNA therapeutics covering essential strategies for formulation, delivery, and application. It also reviews the promising role in cancer immunotherapy, respiratory diseases, and chronic HBV infection and discusses RNA vaccines in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic. mRNA-based approaches have great potential to revolutionize molecular biology, cell biology, biomedical research, and medicine. Thus, this handbook is an essential resource for researchers in academia and industry contributing to the development of this new area of therapeutics.

Now, it its second edition, this book summarizes the role of immune cells in tumor suppression and progression. It describes in detail why tumor cells can survive and spread in spite of the antitumor response of immune cells. Since immunotherapy is an attractive approach to cancer therapy, this book also provides information on the two main strategies: monoclonal antibodies and adaptive T cell immunotherapy, with a focus on recent human clinical trials. A newly added chapter also focuses on the role of Natural Killer cells in tumor progression. The book provides a state-of-the-art, comprehensive overview of immune cells in cancer and is an indispensable resource for researchers and practitioners working or lecturing in the field of cancer research and immunology.

Genetic polymorphisms are important determinants of phenotypic variations and may modulate the risk to or even cause various diseases including genetic disorders and multifactorial diseases. Genetic polymorphisms also serve as important genetic, population and evolutionary markers that allow the study of genetic and evolutionary aspects of individuals, populations and organisms and aid in tracing the evolutionary and parental lineages. Genetic polymorphisms in low penetrance genes are responsible for the alterations in the gene expression of critical signal transduction proteins and metabolic enzymes. Some of these polymorphisms are linked to increased susceptibility to various diseases especially cancers, cardiovascular diseases, immune disorders, neurological pathologies. This book collates the reviews on the roles played by polymorphisms in critical metabolic, signal transduction, cell cycle or DNA repair genes either directly or indirectly in the disease mechanisms. The focus is on various techniques for identifying the various Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Polymorphism studies document the affect SNPs, and their expressions have upon the functionality of the enzymes, proteins. Key Features Describes the genetic polymorphism and its various types Discusses the role of genetic polymorphisms in modulating the risk of various human diseases Explores various molecular techniques used for detecting GPs Characterizes the role of SNPs in modulating the susceptibility of human diseases Provides a genetic basis for individual variations in response to therapeutics

This book provides an update on the latest development in the field of microRNAs in cancer research with an emphasis on translational research. Since the early 2000s, microRNAs have been recognized as important and ubiquitous regulators of gene expression. Soon it became evident that their deregulation can cause human diseases including cancer. This book focuses on the emerging opportunities for the application of microRNA research in clinical practice. In this context, computer models are presented that can help to identify novel biomarkers, e.g. in circulating microRNAs, and tools that can help to design microRNA-based therapeutic interventions. Other chapters evaluate the role of microRNAs in immunotherapy, immune responses and drug resistance. Covering key topics on microRNAs in cancer research this book is a valuable resource for both emerging and established microRNA researchers who want to explore the potential of microRNAs as therapeutic targets or co-adjuvants in cancer therapies.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the development and application of microfluidics and biosensors in cancer research, in particular, their applications in cancer modeling and theranostics.Over the last decades, considerable effort has been made to develop new technologies to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Microfluidics has proven to be a powerful tool for manipulating biological fluids with high precision and efficiency and has already been adopted by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. With recent technological advances, particularly biosensors, microfluidic devices have increased their usefulness and importance in oncology and cancer research.The aim of this book is to bring together in a single volume all the knowledge and expertise required for the development and application of microfluidic systems and biosensors in cancer modeling and theranostics. It begins with a detailed introduction to the fundamental aspects of tumor biology, cancer biomarkers, biosensors and microfluidics. With this knowledge in mind, the following sections highlight important advances in developing and applying biosensors and microfluidic devices in cancer research at universities and in the industry. Strategies for identifying and evaluating potent disease biomarkers and developing biosensors and microfluidic devices for their detection are discussed in detail. Finally, the transfer of these technologies into the clinical environment for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients will be highlighted. By combining the recent advances made in the development and application of microfluidics and biosensors in cancer research in academia and clinics, this book will be useful literature for readers from a variety of backgrounds. It offers new visions of how this technology can influence daily life in hospitals and companies, improving research methodologies and the prognosis of cancer patients.