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There has been an exponential increase in the volume and quality of published research relating to colorectal disease over the last decades. This book identifies the 50 key scientific articles in the field of colorectal disease and colorectal surgery and through expert reflections and editorial perspectives explains why these papers are important. Influential contributors who have shaped the practice of modern Colorectal Surgery comment on the Landmark Papers that have shaped and defined the specialty.Among thousands of articles, a small fraction are truly “game changing.” Such studies form the foundations of colorectal surgery today and the selection of papers within this book provide the 50 landmark papers every 21st-century colorectal surgeon needs to know. A commentary to each carefully selected paper explains why these papers are so important, thus providing every surgeon with the foundation stones of knowledge in this fast-moving area.A valuable reference not only to the established surgeon, but also to colorectal surgery residents and trainees, as well as to more experienced surgeons as they continue to learn new techniques and approaches and to improve their knowledge of colorectal disease and treatments. The papers provide an evidence-based resource for those surgeons preparing for professional exams and may inspire clinicians to produce new research.

There has been an exponential increase in the volume and quality of published research relating to breast disease over the past decades. This book identifies the 50 key scientific articles in the field of breast disease and breast surgery and examines their importance and impact on current clinical care.Among thousands of articles, a small fraction are truly'game changing'. Such studies form the foundations of breast surgery today, and the selection of papers within this book provide the 50 landmark papers every 21st-century breast surgeon needs to know. A commentary to each carefully selected paper explains why these papers are so important, thus providing every surgeon with the foundation stones of knowledge in this fast-moving area.A valuable reference not only to the established surgeon, but also to breast surgery residents and trainees, as well as to more experienced surgeons as they continue to learn new techniques and approaches and to improve their knowledge of breast disease and treatments. The papers provide an evidence-based resource for those surgeons preparing for professional exams and may inspire clinicians to produce new research.

All subjects have their canon of literature that should be studied before serious students can advance in their chosen fields. Containing papers carefully compiled not merely for their historical importance but also for their contemporary relevance, Classic Papers in Breast Disease is that resource. A team of experts shares their experience in researching, diagnosing, and treating breast disease. Each chapter contains not just a compilation of papers, but a critical commentary on the papers, their strengths and weaknesses, and their relevance to current practice and research. The commentary, always insightful and straightforward, ranges from theory to practice, from physical to psychological. Each chapter also has a brief introduction to set the scene as the author sees it. All the papers share in common their place as building blocks, as judged by the refraction of history, in the current knowledge base or in current research.

Radiopharmaceutical Therapy (RPT) is fast becoming a mainstream modality with the development and approval of new emitters and conjugates. Professionals from the fields of radiation oncology and nuclear medicine are expressing interest in learning the fundamentals of implementing radiopharmaceutical therapy in their clinics. While multiple efforts are underway to add more radiopharmaceutical-specific material to training programs, retrospective training of medical physicists in this discipline is a gigantic unmet need. To meet this need, the AAPM held a comprehensive summer school program in Minneapolis in 2023 on radiopharmaceutical therapy and dosimetry. These summer school proceedings cover all aspects of RPT, from a comprehensive list of currently approved radiopharmaceuticals and their uses to post-treatment patient release criteria. The program placed a special emphasis on the state of the art in voxelized and organ-level dosimetry for RPT. Presenters gave a description of how RPT could adopt patient-specific, dosimetry-based treatment planning in the near future instead of relying upon a one-size-fits-all dosing approach. Many of the world's leading authorities in RPT have contributed chapters for this book. Their insights will be referred to and valued for years to come.

Experimental Hematology Today - 1989 comprises selected papers presented at the 18th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Experimental Hematology, July 16-20, 1989, Paris, France. Four major areas of research are explored: present aspects of stem cell transplantation; control of hemopoiesis; hemopoiesis in malignancies; and gene transfer. The role of autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia and in Hodgkin lymphoma, properties of the murine interleukin-3 receptor, effects of Ubenimex on proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow cells and leukemic cell lines, immune system stimulation for the therapy of advanced stage neuroblastoma, and retro-viral gene transfer of human adenosine deaminase into hematopoietic cells are some of the topics considered. ^ •••BUCHHÄNDLERTEXT-E••• Selected papers from the 18th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Experimental Hematology. The proceedings are published annually and report on the latest experimental and clinical research.

This book is a collection of the major publications of the authors in the emerging area of chemotherapeutic engineering. It describes and demonstrates the concept, feasibility, safety and prospect of chemotherapeutic engineering through a full spectrum of proof-of-concept experiments from design, characterization, in vitro cellular uptake, cytotoxi

Experimental Hematology Today - 1988 presents the latest results of research reflecting the diverse interests of basic and clinical hematologists. The major areas explored are hematopoietic regulation by cytokines; hematopoietic cellular growth regulation, with emphasis on the interaction of stromal with hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells; granulopoietic regulators; gene transfers into hematopoietic progenitor cells; leukemogenesis; and bone marrow transplantation. All chapters report on research or clinical findings of the past year.

H.-J. Senn Adjuvant Chemotherapy (ACT) of breast cancer has now emerged as one of the controversial su):>jects in clinical and also experimental oncology. Driven by growing frustration about stagnating cure rates in breast cancer [1,4] and stimulated by elegant demonstration of highly curative effects of adjuvant systemic therapy in animal models [6, 11] and in several childhood neoplasias [15], researchers introduced ACT to the primary treatment of breast cancer with great hope some 15 years ago. After a first wave of isolated'historic'trials with generally limited but in one case remarkable success [5, 9], a second generation of ACT studies was initiated by NSABP investigators and oncology centers in Europe [2, 6, 13]. These trials were well conducted statistically and diagnostically, and all in the early 1970s included a surgical control arm. Early and intermediate beneficial effects on relapse-free survival (RFS) after 2-3 years median observation time then prompted a whole series of ACT studies in breast cancer. These'third-gener­ ation'studies usually regarded some positive influence of ACT as a given fact, dropping surgical control regimens and comparing different ACT regimens, hopefully in a prospective, randomized way 1984 Fig. 1. The mushrooming of adjuvant studies in breast cancer XII Introduction [reviews in 3, 14]. The'mushrooming'of ACT studies in breast cancer during the last 10 and especially 5 years is demonstrated in Fig. 1, and it gets really cumbersome even for the insider to keep on top of the multitude of sometimes conflicting data.

The fourth volume in this series is a proceedings volume based on papers presented at the 5th Innovations in Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research conference. Chapters are written by some of the most innovative minds in stem cell and tissue engineering research, and provide a comprehensive overview of papers from the most recent conference. The volume addresses tissue engineering principles and applications, including current trends and challenges, as well as future directions. Cutting edge topics of interest include production of functional tissues, vascularization and immune responses, and functionalization of scaffolds. Volumes in this series are invaluable resources for active researchers, clinicians, and professionals in industry, as well as students across a broad range of fields.

This book comprises select proceedings of the workshop “Practical inverse problems and their prospects” held online by zoom, from Mar 2nd to Mar. 4th, 2022, supported by Institute of Mathematics for Industry, Kyushu University focusing on cutting-edge research carried out in the areas of practical inverse problems based on industry-academia and interdisciplinary collaborations.Various themes on practical inverse problems covered in this book are medical imaging, non-destructive and non-invasive inspections, viscoelastic waves, remote sensing, infrared light tomography, maintenance of infrastructure, and so on, and mathematical theories in inverse problems are also handled in these proceedings.All papers in this book are written by qualified authors in the practical inverse problems area and also the papers are newly announced. Readers can get leading-edge information on practical inverse problems.

This new series, based on a bi-annual conference and its topics, represents a major contribution to the emerging science of cancer research and regenerative medicine. Each volume brings together some of the most pre-eminent scientists working on cancer biology, cancer treatment, cancer diagnosis, cancer prevention and regenerative medicine to share information on currently ongoing work which will help shape future therapies. These volumes are invaluable resources not only for already active researchers or clinicians but also for those entering these fields, plus those in industry. Cancer Biology and Advances in Treatment is a proceedings volume which reflects papers presented at the 3rd bi-annual Innovations in Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research conference; taken with its companion volume Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells: Biology and Engineering it provides a complete overview of the papers from that meeting of international experts.

This book provides a rapid and concise guide to PET (PET/CT and PET/MRI) molecular imaging, concentrating extensive information on PET radiopharmaceuticals in a single volume.The book reflects the rapid development of several PET tracers over the last decade, as a result of which the “traditional” PET/CT with 18F-FDG, the “cornerstone” of PET imaging, is now only one of several available options, which use different tracers for different diseases. For the same reason, PET imaging is no longer limited to the field of oncology. In the editors'experience, students in medicine and residents in nuclear medicine and radiology have limited access to scientific papers concerning novel PET tracers. Moreover, these papers generally focus on a single PET radiopharmaceutical. With approx. 20 radiopharmaceuticals explained in detail and a wealth of images and clinical cases, the book represents a versatile, comprehensive and practice-oriented guide to PET imaging, pursuing a unique andnovel approach to the clinical role of PET tracers. The book's didactic nature also makes it an invaluable tool for residents in nuclear medicine and radiology, as well as for radiographers and clinicians in radiotherapy, oncology, hematology, cardiology and neurology.

This new series, based on a bi-annual conference and its topics, represents a major contribution to the emerging science of cancer research and regenerative medicine. Each volume brings together some of the most pre-eminent scientists working on cancer biology, cancer treatment, cancer diagnosis, cancer prevention and regenerative medicine to share information on currently ongoing work which will help shape future therapies. These volumes are invaluable resources not only for already active researchers or clinicians but also for those entering these fields, plus those in industry. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine is a proceedings volume which reflects papers presented at the 3rd bi-annual Innovations in Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research conference; taken with its companion volume Stem Cells: Biology and Engineering it provides a complete overview of the papers from that meeting of international experts.

This new series, based on a bi-annual conference and its topics, represents a major contribution to the emerging science of cancer research and regenerative medicine. Each volume brings together some of the most pre-eminent scientists working on cancer biology, cancer treatment, cancer diagnosis, cancer prevention and regenerative medicine to share information on currently ongoing work which will help shape future therapies. These volumes are invaluable resources not only for already active researchers or clinicians but also for those entering these fields, plus those in industry. Stem Cells: Biology and Engineering is a proceedings volume which reflects papers presented at the Innovations in Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research conference; taken with its companion volume Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine it provides a complete overview of the papers from that meeting of international experts.

This collection of papers offers a broad synopsis of state-of-the-art mathematical methods used in modeling the interaction between tumors and the immune system. These papers were presented at the four-day workshop on Mathematical Models of Tumor-Immune System Dynamics held in Sydney, Australia from January 7th to January 10th, 2013. The workshop brought together applied mathematicians, biologists, and clinicians actively working in the field of cancer immunology to share their current research and to increase awareness of the innovative mathematical tools that are applicable to the growing field of cancer immunology.Recent progress in cancer immunology and advances in immunotherapy suggest that the immune system plays a fundamental role in host defense against tumors and could be utilized to prevent or cure cancer. Although theoretical and experimental studies of tumor-immune system dynamics have a long history, there are still many unanswered questions about the mechanisms that govern the interaction between the immune system and a growing tumor. The multidimensional nature of these complex interactions requires a cross-disciplinary approach to capture more realistic dynamics of the essential biology. The papers presented in this volume explore these issues and the results will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in a variety of fields within mathematical and biological sciences.

Hyperthermia as a safe and effective cancer treatment modality is rapidly evolving propelled by widespread research and clinical efforts worldwide. Presentations on Hyperthermia experience are now commonplace at Oncology meetings, as are congresses dedicated entirely to the intertwined interactions between basic sciences and patient treatment that together are forming the structure of a new medical specialty. Such was the XII International Symposium on Clinical Hyperthermia held in Rome, Italy, April 27 - 29, 1989. Papers presented therein constitute the backbone of this book. Biology research has provided data describing mechanisms of action for the cancer cell killing and physiological effects of Hyperthermia. Physics research has led to the development of equipment enabling treatment of many areas of the human body, as well as explained the limitations that still constrain our ability to treat, especially in the areas of deep seated tumor heating and non-invasive thermometry. The main question that will decide the future of this modality is that of its clinical use. To put it succinctly, what do we do with this potentially useful tool in an everyday clinical oncological practice. ••? This is the main question addressed in this book as'Consensus on Hyperthermia for the 1990s.'The book in­ cludes 28 presented papers and 25 invited chapters from some of the leading experts in the field. Their basic mechanisms of action were physics principles, treatment quality assurance and especially, clinical indications.

The Metastasis Group of the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) held an International Meeting at the Royal Institution in London on April 2lst-23rd, 1980. The subject was'Clinical and Experimental Aspects of Metastasis'and these Proceedings are the record of that Meeting. Almost all of those who presented a paper or a poster have written up their contributions as chapters of the Proceedings and we have made no distinction here between posters and oral communications. The Organizers and Editors owe a considerable debt of gratitude to all the contributors who without exception presented the results of their work in a clear and concise manner that did much to reveal the essence of the complex problems central to current thinking on met­ astasis. Moreover most manuscripts arrived well within the deadline - a circumstance which in our experience is unusual. Of the large audience who attended the Meeting many had come from the far distant corners of the World and to them as well as to the presenters of papers the Organizers wish to express their deep appreciation.

Several papers dealing with the clinical relevance of steroid hormone receptors in breast cancer have already been published. However, no publication has overviewed studies currently being conducted in Europe, nor is there a register of the european centers performing receptor assays. It has been our purpose to fill these gaps. A large majority of authors who we contacted kindly agreed to con­ tribute to our book. Papers were grouped into six main parts according to their contents. The abundance of clinical data relevant to receptor assays led us to add critical summaries to help the reader to form his own opinions on the subject. We would like to thank Drs. R. J. B. King, G. Contesso, L. Santi, and E. Engelsman, who helped us in this regard. We hope that this book will enable the reader to become acquainted with the present state of European steroid hormone receptor studies devoted to breast cancer treatment. We also hope that it will promote cooperation between European oncologists involved in this field of research.

Over half the deaths from disease in the world are now due to just four chronic conditions – diabetes, lung diseases, some cancers and heart disease. Health and education are inextricably linked. Developing and delivering effective, scalable and sustainable education programs which lead to real behavioral change would influence some of the common risk factors for these diseases, such as smoking, poor diet and lack of physical activity. This book contains selected papers from the St. Jude Cure4Kids Global Summit, held in June, 2011 at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, USA. The aim of this three-day conference was to improve health and science education in classrooms and communities around the world. Leading educators, innovators and pioneers in the field of public health came together in a multidisciplinary forum to explore examples of successful education programs, analyze the challenges in designing effective, scalable and cost-efficient public health education programs and identify strategies, methodologies and incentives for developing future programs capable of yielding large-scale improvements in health outcomes for diverse communities. The papers presented here provide a foundation in the key topics necessary to create future innovative health promotion programs, and will be of interest to all those whose work involves improving health outcomes by means of better and more effective health education.

While Edward B. (‘Ed') Lewis is famous for his contributions to genetics anddev- opmental biology y, few have read his research papers. One reason for this is availability, man ny having been published in obscure journalsor as book chapters. A second is because his papers in those?elds are very dif?cult to read. The dif?culty derives from the fact that Lewis has published infrequently, thus manypapers are condensed reviews of man nyyears'work presented largely in summary form rather than in detail. It is not unusual for the reader to have to infer the experimental methods, even the results, from a few sentences. Furthermore, he often presents his results in terms of abstract models; thus it can be dif?cult to separate the data from the models. Ama ajor goal of this book is to make Lewis'keypapers accessible to researchers and students. The papers are grouped into several sections that re?ect the changing focus of his research. Each section is preceded by commentary designed to place the papers in historical perspective, with respect to Lewis'own ideas as well as to those of the larger scienti?c community. The commentaries attempt to highlight the key methods and results—as well as the signi?cance—of each paper by explaining the science in terms that should be understandable to upper-level undergraduates, graduate students and professional researchers.

Cancer is the leading cause of death in many countries, and digestive cancer is one of the most common types of neoplasms. Advances in research on the management of digestive cancer therefore represent an important contribution to the welfare of humankind throughout the world. The VICC Kyoto International Symposium on Recent Advances in the Management of Digestive Cancer was held in Kyoto from March 31 to April 2, 1993 under the presidency of Dr. T. Takahashi of the Kyoto Prefectural Vniversity of Medicine. At this event, leading researchers and clinicians presented new findings and the latest results of clinical trials concerning digestive cancers. The VICC President and other members of the Executive Committee of the VICC also gave speeches on their own fields, and more than 1000 participants from 28 countries were very well received. This book presents the proceedings of this symposium. In addition to 30 selected papers presented at special lectures and symposia by invited speakers, this book contains 230 free papers presented at poster sessions during this conference.

Viewed as contributions to continuing medical education, many scientific meetings disappoint because, although program committees plan with care, bring together excellent faculty and expose them to their peers, to other physicians and to house staff. the effect is evanescent. Meetings expend much professional time and public funds to stimulate the relatively few who attend. Hence the dictum'Hold a symposium and reach a few hundred; circulate a proceedings and reach the world.'Despite this dictum, many organizers of scientific meetings shy away from the publication of proceedings. insisting that teachers will not participate if they have to prepare publishable manuscripts and, if they do agree to prepare them, will delay for months or, in some cases, will not come through at all. However, this is often a matter of organization and determination: e. g.. some program chairmen make the payment of expenses and honoraria contingent upon receipt of a publishable manuscript. Cox and his colleagues in Australia went one better: they organized the First International Cancer Conference in Sydney in November 1972 and published a two-volume proceedings ('Melanoma and Skin Cancer'and'The Nature of Leukemia') before the meetings began. As Dr. Cox notes,'This preprinting of the full papers freed each speaker from the necessity of recounting large quantities of data so that each paper could be opened more rapidly and provocatively and then defended in discussion'(Report of the International Cancer Conference, Med J A list, I: 12-33, June 24, 1972).

This issue of Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology records the proceedings of a Workshop on the Immunology of Sili­ cones held at the Natcher Conference Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, March 13 and 14, 1995. A large num­ ber of investigators from North America and Europe met to discuss available data on how the immune system responds to silicones and related materials. Some aspects of this field are controversial. Nonetheless, the meeting was marked by a civil and open ex­ change of scientific information and divergent interpretations, re­ flecting the traditions of scientific communication. Each invited participant was asked to submit an article sum­ marizing his/her presentation. Most of the papers are published as submitted, with only editorial changes to conform with the guide­ lines given to each contributor or revisions to clarify aspects of the paper. The papers should not be regarded as peer-reviewed publi­ cations. This preface will attempt to outline some of the immu­ nological areas of investigation relating to silicones.

The use of hyperthermia in radiation oncology is well established. Many publications cover the whole field of possibilities and problems of this therapeutic modality. The new development of interstitial and intracavitary hyperthermia, however, is not well known: there are only a few relevant publications in different journals. Therefore, it was appropriate that SAUER and SEEGENSCHMIEDT organized an international meeting on this topic, where experiences with this new and promising technique were compiled and discussed by experts. The papers of this symposium together with additional review papers and clinical studies are published in this volume. The publication begins with the physical and biological background of interstitial and intracavitary hyperthermia continues with comprehensive review papers on clinical topics and then gives examples for a wide variety of clinical applications. This volume will contribute to better understanding and application of the treatment possibilities of radio oncology in combination with this new treatment modality.

This is the third volume on gastrointestinal cancer of the Cancer Treatment and Research Series. The emphasis in this volume is to present a series of papers on areas of high clinical relevance in malignant diseases of the gut. As in the first and second volumes of this series, authors have been selected for their expertise and national and international prominence in their fields. This volume is organized so that papers explaining basic science pro spec­ tives proceed those dealing with clinical aspects of gastrointestinal cancer. It is clear that in many instances advances gastrointestinal carcinoma cannot be effectively treated if'cure'is the desired goal. When faced with poorly treatable diseases it is obviously important to look toward the causes and prevention of these illnesses. For this reason, there are several chapters in this volume that examine the issue of carcinogenesis of gastrointestinal cancer. Likewise, in diseases that are poorly treatable in advances stages, one is interested in early detection. Thus, early screening of populations becomes important and is dealt with in three papers in this volume. Chapt­ ers on treatment explore innovative approaches to therapy of gastrointesti­ nal cancer. Second-look surgery with resection, arterial perfusion with che­ motherapy, adjuvant therapy and neoadjuvant therapy are all addressed in various chapters in this volume. Finally, four chapters deal with unusual problems in gastrointestinal cancer. These papers include discussions ofpri­ mary hepatobillary cancer, lymphoma of the gut, and gastrointestinal endo­ crine tumors.

This book contains a selection of the papers presented at the meeting'Between Clone and Clinic'which was organised in March 1990 in Amsterdam by the dutch Organisation for Applied Research, TNO, and the University of Utrecht. The scope of this meeting was the development of biotechnological pharmaceuticals mainly made by recombinant DNA technology or monoclonal antibody techniques. All aspects concerning the development of the products after host cells producing them are obtained where discussed. The meeting was attended by twohundred specialists from all over the globe, including phar­ macologists, toxicologists, registration experts, Quality Assurence managers, production en­ gineers and physicians. Biotechnological pharmaceuticals are in general large and complex protein molecules. Bringing these products to the market poses other problems than encountered with the classical chemical drugs. The source of biotechnological pharmaceuticals are living cells. The function of cells are depend­ ent on many factors and the stability of production may be a problem. Good Laboratory and Manufactory Practices with Quality Control (GLP and GMP) are of paramount importance and are discussed in a number of papers. The products of the new biotechnology are often highly specific and only active in the human species. Also the side effects can only be studied in the clinical setting. Even when the product is active in animals there is the problem of antigenicity. During treatment the animals will produce antibodies which neutralise the activity. So safety testing may prove difficult.

In June 1998 the Fourth International Workshop on Digital Mammography was held in Nijmegen, The Netherlands, where it was hosted by the department of Radiology of the University Hospital Nijmegen. This series of meetings was initiated at the 1993 SPIE Biomedical Image Processing Conference in San Jose, USA, where a number of sessions were entirely devoted to mammographic image analysis. At very successful subsequent workshops held in York, UK (1994) and Chicago, USA (1996), the scope of the conference was broadened, establishing a platform for presentation and discussion of new developments in digital mammog­ raphy. Topics that are addressed at these meetings are computer-aided diagnosis, image processing, detector development, system design, observer performance and clinical evaluation. The goal is to bring researchers from universities, breast cancer experts, and engineers together, to exchange information and present new scientific developments in this rapidly evolving field. This book contains all the scientific papers and posters presented at the work­ shop in Nijmegen. Contributions came from as many as 20 different countries and 190 participants attended the meeting. At a technical exhibit companies demon­ strated new products and work in progress. Abstracts of all papers were reviewed by members of the scientific committee. Many of the accepted papers had excellent quality, but due to limited space not all of them could be included as full papers in these proceedings. Papers that were rated high by the reviewers are included as long or short papers, others appear as extended abstracts in the last chapter.

This volume of Molecular Biology of Hematopoiesis is dedicated to many inter­ national scientists and clinicians for their contribution to the field of Hematology/ Oncology presented at the 11th International Symposium on Molecular Biology of Hematopoiesis, which was held in Bormio, Italy, June 25-29, 1998. The continuous support of the Presidents of the meeting, Professor F. Takaku, President of Jichi University, and E. D. Thomas, Nobel Laureate, was greatly acknowledged, especially Professor Takaku, for his vision and support for development of gene therapy in Japan. New information on BMT for autoimmune disease and organ transplantation was presented at the symposium and is published in this volume. Several new findings on gene therapy/transfer into HSC were presented by E. F. Vanin and A. Nienhuis, K. Humphries, 1. A. Nolta, H. E. Heslop, and M. K. Brenner. Professors S. Asano and K. Tani presented new studies on gene transfer into primates. Among the highlights were the new papers on gene transfer presented by G. Wage maker, N. G. Abraham, and M. Onoderea from R. M. BJaese's group. The use of BMT for organ transplant and autoim­ mune disease was updated and a representative paper is presented in this volume.

In 1996, the National Bladder Foundation (NBF) was founded by a dedicated group of physicians and researchers propeIled by the urgent need to find better treatments for bladder disease. Committed to increasing bladder disease research and to supporting its research community, the NBF coordinates and sponsors the International Bladder Symposium (IBS) in Washington, DC. Now considered to be a premier scientific assembly, the IBS brings together international leaders in bladder disease research to present and discuss their findings. It is the only international conference where all areas of bladder disease research are exclusively covered and where bladder disease researchers are provided with a unique opportunity to share their results and theories. IBS participants contributed the research papers included in this publication in 2000 and 2001. AIl substantial areas of bladder disease research are addressed, including oncology and ceIlular biology, neurophysiology, neurogenic bladder andincontinence, immunology, inflammation and infection, muscle, matrix and obstruction, and new frontiers and therapies of the bladder. Assembled in one publication, these papers and their findings demonstrate the high scientific caliber of the dedicated researchers in this field and the potential for significant discoveries in treatment options in the next decade.

Fungal diseases have been with us from antiquity; interest in the chemo­ therapy of fungal disease has exploded in the past decade. To plan and pro­ duce a book on the topic of antifungal chemotherapy has come as a personal challenge - and something of an eye-opener - towards the end of my re­ search career. A landmark publication which still merits reading is Antifungal Chemotherapy (John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK), edited by David Speller, which appeared in 1980. However, the fact that ketoconazole, the first of the modern, orally active, wide-spectrum antifungals, attracted no more than two sentences in it indicates just how far we have come in the 1980s. A steady stream of original papers and a number of conference proceedings have chronicled this progress in drug research; outstanding among the latter are the proceedings of an international telesymposium, entitled Recent Trends in the Discovery, Development and Evaluation of Antifungal Agents, edited by Robert Fromtling (J.R. Prous, Barcelona, 1987) and volume 544 of the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, entitled Antifungal Drugs, edited by Vassil St. Georgiev, and containing papers and posters presented at a most enjoyable 3-day conference held at Garden City, New York, in the autumn of 1987.

These proceedings contain the papers selected for presentation at the 23rd Inter- tional Information Security Conference (SEC 2008), co-located with IFIP World Computer Congress (WCC 2008), September 8–10, 2008 in Milan, Italy. In - sponse to the call for papers, 143 papers were submitted to the conference. All - pers were evaluated on the basis of their signi?cance, novelty,and technical quality, and reviewed by at least three members of the program committee. Reviewing was blind meaning that the authors were not told which committee members reviewed which papers. The program committee meeting was held electronically, holding - tensive discussion over a period of three weeks. Of the papers submitted, 42 full papers and 11 short papers were selected for presentation at the conference. A conference like this just does not happen; it depends on the volunteer efforts of a host of individuals. There is a long list of people who volunteered their time and energy to put together the conference and who deserve acknowledgment. We thank all members of the program committee and the external reviewers for their hard work in the paper evaluation. Due to the large number of submissions, p- gram committee members were required to complete their reviews in a short time frame. We are especially thankful to them for the commitment they showed with their active participation in the electronic discussion.

This ‘Neuroendocrinology'special issue provides a collection of papers generated at the first consensus conference devoted to gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. The conference was held in Frascati (Rome, Italy) in November 2005. The focus was on neuroendocrine tumors of foregut origin, stomach, duodenum and pancreas. A standard approach based on WHO tumors classification was adopted with 63 experts and practicing clinicians confronting their experience and evidence-based data to devise effective strategies for the management of patients with this neglected cancer disease. Papers are organized on an anatomical basis, specific issues are discussed and minimal consensus statements defined and highlighted for easy recognition. Topics include Classification and Epidemiology; Clinical presentation/Prognosis/Heredity; Diagnostic Procedures (imaging-lab tests); Pathology and Genetics; Surgical Therapy (curative and palliative); Loco-Regional Ablative Therapy; Liver Transplantation; Medical Therapy (biotherapy and chemotherapy); Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy and Follow-Up scheduling. Readers will be able to find specific answers to key questions for specific tumors, such as the follow-up for stomach type 1 carcinoids; the diagnostic procedure for gastrinoma or the algorithm for liver metastasis treatment in patients with pancreatic non-functioning neuroendocrine carcinomas.

As studies using microarray technology have evolved, so have the data analysis methods used to analyze these experiments. The CAMDA conference plays a role in this evolving field by providing a forum in which investors can analyze the same data sets using different methods. Methods of Microarray Data Analysis IV is the fourth book in this series, and focuses on the important issue of associating array data with a survival endpoint. Previous books in this series focused on classification (Volume I), pattern recognition (Volume II), and quality control issues (Volume III). In this volume, four lung cancer data sets are the focus of analysis. We highlight three tutorial papers, including one to assist with a basic understanding of lung cancer, a review of survival analysis in the gene expression literature, and a paper on replication. In addition, 14 papers presented at the conference are included. This book is an excellent reference for academic and industrial researchers who want to keep abreast of the state of the art of microarray data analysis. Jennifer Shoemaker is a faculty member in the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and the Director of the Bioinformatics Unit for the Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center. Simon Lin is a faculty member in the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and the Manager of the Duke Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Duke University Medical Center.

For every man – regardless of hair pattern, shoe size or IPA preference – Man Overboard! by Mayo Clinic Press helps you understand your health and live your best life with this humorous but authoritative manual for the aging male. Let's face it, guys: we barely know what we're doing with our health. We're not stupid, we're just disinterested. Clouded by the hallucinogenic effects of testosterone, we tell ourselves “I'm fine, and so I will continue to be fine, which is fine.” Meanwhile, men's health magazines hypnotize us with constantly changing recommendations designed to hold our eyeballs until the next wellness fad comes along. And when we finally do drag ourselves in for a clinic visit, we find that even good doctors forget that most of us don't understand medical jargon, nor do they realize we are on a time-sensitive special-ops mission: get in, get what you need, and get out! Learning about your health doesn't have to read like a colonoscopy (informative, yes, but difficult to sit through without sedation). Staying healthy is serious business, but it doesn't have to be boring. Informative but entertaining, this must-read, head-to-toe guide provides actionable advice, so you can stop worrying about your health, do something about it, and get on with your life. With chapters like “Cuckoo for Cocoa Puffs,” “Andropause,” “Sexercise,” and “Move It or Lose It,” you'll learn how to: Eat right, exercise effectively, and manage your weight Address your risks for heart disease, reduce stress, and deal with back pain Avoid the three cancers that men commonly develop and know if your T levels are right Navigate challenges in the bedroom, deal with thinning hair, and handle getting older¬–not unscathed, but with a sense of control and dignity It's for men of every ethnicity, BMI, hair pattern, shoe size, IPA preference and sports predilection (including none). Think of it as the ultimate checklist for your next checkup. Grab yourself a beverage and a flimsy paper gown, and let's do this!

The cancer research world is looking forward to bionanotechnology to find the best solutions for a complete cure from cancer, which is not possible with the current established treatment methods. The past decade of research on nano imaging and drug delivery in cancer has witnessed many interesting papers and reviews, but there has not been a concise resource that discusses all fields related to nano cancer research in diagnosis and drug delivery. This book fills this gap and presents the latest bionano research in cancer, focusing on nanodiagnostics and nanotherapy.The book is organized into two sections. The section on nanodiagnostics focuses on topics such as diagnostic methods in cancer-related therapy and use of radiolabeled nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, acoustically reflective nanoparticles, X-ray computed tomography, and optical nanoprobes for diagnosis. The section on nanotherapy focuses on nanomaterials in chemotherapy, magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia against cancer, phototherapy, nanotechnology-mediated radiation therapy, nanoparticle-mediated small-RNA deliveries for molecular therapies, and theranostics. The book will serve as the gateway to enter the beautiful and elegant field of bionanoscience, which is considered the last hope for the fight against cancer and will be a highly useful resource for the students, researchers, teachers, and curious readers working in this field or related fields.

Nanomaterials have the potential to shift the paradigm for the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, especially neoplasms, because of the intriguing behaviors associated with their unique size-/shape-influenced chemical, physical, and physiological features. Currently, there is a huge imbalance between the several nanoplatforms reported in the literature and the few ones approved for clinical applications. This disequilibrium affects, in particular, plasmonic nanomaterials, which present no approved platforms and few candidates in clinical trials. This trend can be reversed by promoting collaborations among scientists from different fields as well as by improving the multidisciplinary background of researchers interested in this area. This book is a collection of must-read peer-reviewed papers focusing on (i) the main behaviors of nanomaterials for nanomedicine, (ii) key features nanomaterials need for successful translation to the clinical setting, and (iii) market analysis of nanomaterials at the bedside or on the way. The main aim of this book is to offer a comprehensive point of view to students and researchers in order to promote the translation of new technologies to patients. It is a unique reference for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students of nanotechnology and researchers in materials science, nanotechnology, chemistry, biology, and medicine, especially those with an interest in cancer theranostics.

DNA is under constant challenge from environmental and endogenous metabolic assaults. Several layers of defence and repair systems allow cells to maintain stable genomes; in humans, dysfunction of these systems leads to cancer, neurodegeneration, and other pathologies. At the same time, recently it had emerged that targeted and regulated DNA damage and repair is a mechanism underlying several important cellular processes such as epigenetic demethylation and immunoglobulin gene diversification. The present collection of papers is aimed to cover new developments in the area of protective and regulatory mechanisms associated with DNA damage. The mechanisms ruling the recognition of damaged nucleotides against the vast background of normal ones are reviewed. The role of extended non-catalytic domains that are often found in eukaryotic DNA repair proteins in contrast to their downsized, catalytic-only bacterial counterparts is discussed. Among the proposed subjects are the regulatory functions of bulky covalent modifications such as poly(ADP)ribosylation and ubiquitylation in DNA damage response, especially in the context of chromatin remodelling. As opposed to DNA repair, damage tolerance allows cells to replicate with lesions in the genome; the enzymes responsible are also covered. Finally, we present examples of modern multilevel understanding of the cell function and malfunction in the wake of genotoxic assaults such as oxidative stress, abiotic environmental stress, and DNA-damaging plant toxins.

This contributed volume emphasizes the potential of stem cells to be pertained in the urology field and attempts to disclose the history of the field up to the latest advances to date. It gathers the majority of papers that advocate utilizing stem cells as the best option for treating, diagnosing, and managing diseases related to urological system. This book covers a broad spectrum of issues, including mesenchymal stem cells, cancer stem cells, organoids, regenerative medicine, erectile dysfunction, bladder dysfunction, and kidney transplant. From several decades ago, as characteristic features of stem cells have been explored, it has attracted a great amount of interests. In view of their multiple capacity of differentiating into various lineages, many studies were conducted to assess their beneficial potential. Despite considerable progress into applying stem cells in animal models, for translating into clinical practices there are several obstacles to be resolved. However, few clinical studies have been performed in each field and outcomes were delightful. There is an ongoing hope for stem cells to someday, be the mainstream treatments of urological diseases, although stem cells treatments already exist they are not well-known. Indeed, this book is essential for anyone who is working with the purpose of employing stem cells to treat the urological diseases and discusses at length the latest advances as well as their limitations.

In this book we have gathered recent research related to cancer and cancer treatment and care. We also present research on pharmacy in cancer treatment, a few papers on breast cancer, research on bone metastases, radiation therapy and some pilot programs on telemedicine in cancer care, prostate cancer screening in Guyana, cost analysis of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in Canada and early oncology rehabilitation for lymphoma patients in Singapore. We hope this research will be of interest to our readers.

This book presents recent research on cancer detection methods based on nanobiosensors, which offer ultrasensitive point-of-care diagnosis. Several methods for diagnosing cancer have been discovered and many more are currently being developed. Conventional clinical approaches to detecting cancers are based on a biopsy followed by histopathology, or on the use of biomarkers (protein levels or nucleic acid content). Biopsy is the most widely used technique; however, it is an invasive technique and is not always applicable. Furthermore, biomarker-based detection cannot be relied on when the biomarkers are present in an extremely low concentration in the body fluids and in malignant tissues. Thus, in recent years highly sensitive and robust new cancer diagnosis techniques have been developed for clinical application, and may offer an alternative strategy for cancer diagnosis. As such, this book gathers the latest point-of-care cancer diagnostic methods and protocols based on biomedical sensors, microfluidics, and integrated systems engineering. It also discusses recent developments and diagnostics tests that can be conducted outside the laboratory in remote areas. These technologies include electrochemical sensors, paper-based microfluidics, and other kit-based diagnostic methods that can be adapted to bring cancer detection and diagnostics to more remote settings around the globe. Overall, the book provides students, researchers, and clinicians alike a comprehensive overview of interdisciplinary approaches to cancer diagnosis.

Workshops on the mechanisms of B cell neoplasia have been organized alternatively in Bethesda and Basel since 1983. Prog­ ress in our understanding of the development and responses of B lymphocytes is presented and discussed with the aim and hope to understand what might go wrong when B lymphocytes are transformed into malignant cells. Such knowledge might lead to better diagnosis, prevention and even cure of these terri­ ble diseases. The presentations at the Bethesda workshops are published as papers in volumes of Current Topics in Microbiol­ ogy and Immunology, while the presentations and discussions in Basel were transcribed and published in Editions Roche. For the first time, a Basel workshop (held 4th-6th October 1998) that has been recorded and, in part, transcribed is being published as papers and discussions within Current Topics. This volume is the latest of a long series which documents the excitements of ground-breaking discoveries as well as the frustrations of our inability to fully understand the mechanisms leading to B cell neoplasia. The papers at the workshop are presented when possible in the sequence in which they were given. However, to facilitate the organization and reading of the book and to highlight gen­ eral topics and themes, the papers are organized into five sec­ tions: I B Cell and Plasma Cell Development II Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors III Chromosomal Translocations, DNA Rearrangements and Somatic Hypermutations IV Biology of Lymphomagenesis, B-CLL, Autoimmunity V Myeloma, Plasmacytomas and Related Subjects.

The book will present the progress made since the last meeting in fall 2013 concerning the analysis of circulating extra-cellular nucleic acids. There are a modest number of laboratories involved in this field, nevertheless the number of papers published by researchers is extensive. The articles which will be published in this meeting report will be a valuable contribution for researchers and research students alike and will help them to stay on top of the developments in different research areas and to „cross borders“ between them.

This volume is dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Department of Otolaryngology of the Sapporo Medical University. It commemorates this landmark event and honors the department's rich tradition of excellence. Chapters feature results of clinical and basic research conducted at the university. The carefully selected articles – ten clinical reviews, ten original research papers, and one case report – reflect the wide range of specialty fields within the department. Topics covered include otology, allergy and rhinology, oncology, sleep medicine, and tonsils. This book is a comprehensive, inspiring contribution to the celebration of one of the oldest departments within the Sapporo Medical University. It contains valuable information for new and experienced otolaryngologists, neurotologists, allergologists, and head and neck surgeons.

Over the past decade, the potential of the pineal hormone melatonin as a therapeutic agent in a variety of diseases has been recognized. This book is the first to review the effect of melatonin in sleep disorders, its possible use as an immunoregulatory agent and clinical results obtained in cancer immunotherapy. Several papers are devoted to the pharmacological and molecular characterization of melatonin receptors in a variety of cell types. Other contributions further investigate the immunoenhancing effect of melatonin, such as in viral encephalitis and bacterial infections, and consider possible therapeutic indications. Melatonin is also reported to exert important hematopoietic effects by stimulating the production of novel T helper cell opioid cytokines. Other basic studies introduce new perspectives describing melatonin as a potent free radical scavenger. This book should be read by clinicians working in the fields of sleep disorders, oncology and infectious diseases as well as by scientists active in the field of neuroimmunomodulation. It will also be very useful to all those interested in melatonin as a therapeutic agent.

This book presents the views of leading European experts on the diagnosis and management of testicular cancer, with coverage of current hot topics in the field. It opens by providing an overview of the recommendations in the most recent consensus paper from the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group, which is based on interdisciplinary cooperation among urologists, medical oncologists, radio-oncologists, pathologists, and basic scientists. The remainder of the book focuses on areas of controversy in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of testicular cancer. In each case the evidence base is discussed and results from the most recent studies are reviewed, drawing attention to new findings that might alter treatment recommendations. The treatment-related chapters cover a broad range of issues, including the best approach in patients with poor-prognosis and recurrent disease and those with long-term toxicities. Relevant aspects of survivorship care are also addressed. The book will help clinicians and practitioners to achieve the goals of minimizing therapy and its side-effects without reducing efficacy in low stage disease, improving the cure rate in advanced disease, and enhancing follow-up and long-term survivorship.

This is the fourth volume of our series Progress in Anti-cancer Therapy. For the past four years we have taken the challenge to select each year, some of the most interesting topics on the wide field of oncology. As usual, this volume continues the tradition and covers five cancers (breast, prostate, bladder, lym­ phoma and ovarian), the role of HIV and HTLV in cancer, as well as some deve­ lopmental pharmacology and behavioral issues. This year, we have particularly focused our attention on one of the most com­ mon (although rarely addressed) cancer accounting for more than 315,00 newly diagnosed cases and 41,000 cancer-related deaths annually (Landis SH et al., 1999) : prostate cancer. Five chapters address some of the issues concerning this disease. The chap­ ter by Schroder describes the hopes and pitfalls of early detection of prostate cancer. It reviews the literature on screening studies that have been performed both in the US and in Europe. These studies suggest that cancer mortality could be reduced by screening for prostate cancer, mostly through PSA testing. However, the effectiveness of early detection still needs to be definitely confir­ med and ongoing randomized studies are described, the results of which will probably help the medical community determine the worth of PSA-based scree­ ning for prostate cancer. On the same hand, the paper from von Eschenbach is reviewing the clinical problems that are related this disease.

'Biologically Based Methods for Cancer Risk Assessment', an Advanced Research Workshop, (ARW) sponsored by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was held in Corfu, Greece in June, 1989. The intent of the workshop was to survey available pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic methods in cancer risk assessment and identify methodological gaps and research needs for biologically based methods in cancer risk assessment. Incorporation of such methods represents one of the most challenging areas for risk assessment. The workshop included an international group of invited experts in the field and provided for a dynamic exchange of ideas and accomplishments. Some of the major topics discussed were: • Inventory of available pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic methods for cancer risk assessment. • Identification of methodology gaps and research needs in biologically based methods in cancer risk assessment. • Development of a general framework to guide future cancer risk assessment research. This book is a compilation of the papers presented at the workshop and is intended to provide guidance for future research to reduce uncertainties in the cancer risk assessment process. The primary sponsorship of this ARW by NATO and the advice and cooperation of Dr. C. Sinclair of the Scientific affairs Division are gratefully acknowledged. Acknowledgement is also given to the National Science Foundation for its support. The organization of the ARW and the preparation of this book have required considerable help from many other sources.

There are many human cancers which actively synthesize specific characteristic proteins such as melanomas, thyroid cancer and squamous cell carcinoma. Many cancer researchers have of course tried to utilize this specific activity as a key for the selective treatment of cancers. In the past for example, the molecular hybrid compound of DOPA, a substrate of melanin, and nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride, a ctyotoxic anti-tumor drug, was synthesized as Melphalan and used to treat malignant melanoma. A major problem arose though in that it was soon found to be highly suppressive toward bone marrow and quite toxic while not being remarkably effective. Thus, malignant melanoma could not be cured by it. Such failure led us to develop a novel bimodal therapeutic system which includes the use of non-toxic potentially cytocidal chemicals which selectively accumulate within the cancer cells and which are converted by a controllable modality into an actively cytocidal element in situ. We can now non-surgically cure malignant melanoma and glioblastoma with our selective cancer treatment, neutron capture therapy (NCT); as can be found in this volume. Included are 124 papers on the latest breaking developments discussed at the Sixth International Symposium on NCT for Cancer held in Kobe during the late autumn of 1994.

'What is a nongenotoxic carcinogen?'This question recurred through­ out the Ernst Schering Research Foundation Workshop on nongeno­ toxic carcinogenesis, underlining the complexity of the topic. The clarity of the view that all carcinogens act by mutating DNA, origin­ ally advocated by Bruce Ames nearly 20 years ago, has been clouded by the increasing numbers of compounds which are not genotoxic but which nevertheless can cause cancer. There is an urgent need to in­ crease our understanding of these compounds so that their risks can be evaluated realistically and decisions made from a position of knowl­ edge and strength, rather than in fear of the unknown. A nongenotoxic carcinogen can be defined as a compound which causes cancer, but which does not cause damage to DNA as its primary biological activity. This negative definition covers a range of carci­ nogens acting through a variety of mechanisms. Such chemicals often produce tumours only in a single organ species, and there are a few common locations which are affected most often. For example, in male rats, certain carcinogens bind to az globulin to form a complex which 11 accumulates in the kidney tubular cells, which is followed by necrosis and compensatory cell proliferation leading the neoplasia. Other com­ mon mechanisms include hormonal imbalance resulting in thyroid tu­ mours or peroxisome proliferation resulting in liver cancer. These and other examples are studied in some detail in the papers of this book.