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This invaluable resource discusses insights ranging from basic biological mechanisms of various types of stem cells through the potential applications in the treatment of human diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders. These discoveries are placed within the structural context of tissue and developmental biology in sections dealing with recent advances in understanding different types of stem cell biology and their potential applications in tissue repair and regeneration and in the treatment different types of human cancer and genetic diseases or disorders.Stem Cells for Cancer and Genetic Disease Treatment and the other books in the Stem Cells in Clinical Applicationsseries will be invaluable to scientists, researchers, advanced students and clinicians working in stem cells, regenerative medicine or tissue engineering as well as cancer or genetics research.

This book discusses the main stem cell niches under distinct pathophysiological conditions. The role of tissue microenvironments in stem cell regulation, as well as modern methodologies and new techniques for the identification and characterization of stem cell niches, are discussed by leading experts in the field. Chapters describe the major components of various stem cell microenvironments, such as cellular components, soluble factors, cell-cell interactions, extra-cellular matrix proteins, and physical forces. Stem Cell Microenvironments and Beyond is part of the highly successful Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology series. It is essential reading for graduate students and researchers in the field of stem cells or cell biology as well as clinicians.

This book focuses on nanorobotic agents and stem cells for biomedical applications.It is intended for researchers and clinicians interested in innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on nanorobots and stem cells.It presents current advances in the field of molecular machines, which could be applied to generate novel therapeutic-diagnostic systems.

Stem Cell Biology in Health and Disease presents an up-to-date overview about the dual role of stem cells in health and disease. The Editors have drawn together an international team of experts providing chapters which, in this fully-illustrated volume, discuss: - the controversial debate on the great expectations concerning stem cell based regeneration therapies raised by the pluripotency of various stem cells.- the advantages and concerns about embryonic stem cells (ES cells), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and adult stem cells, such as bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDCs).- the type of stem cells, which has become of interest in the past decade, namely so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are now in the focus of cancer research since the eradication of tumour initiating cells would raise the changes of definitely cure cancer. Professor Dittmar and Professor Zänker have edited a must-read book for researchers and professionals working in the field of regenerative medicine and/or cancer.

This book is an updated reference for one of the most exciting field of biomedical researches- Stem Cell Research and its therapeutic applications. Stem cell research holds great promise for the treatment of many human diseases that currently lack effective therapies. The set of chapters in this book provide insights into both basic stem cell biology and clinical applications of stem cell-based cell replacement therapies for a variety of human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and li ver degeneration. It also covers novel technologies for the culture and differentiation of both human embryonic stem cells and adult tissue stem cells. This book summarizes our current state of knowledge in stem cell research and integrates basic stem cell biology with regenerative medicine in an overall context. It is an essential reference for students, postdoctoral fellows, academic and industrial scientists, and clinicians. v Acknowledgements The editors would like to thank Ms. Jill Brantley, Rose Chavarin, Alina Haas, and Emily Sun for their administrative assistance and proof-reading of this book. We would also like to thank all the authors for their contributions. vii The editors wish to dedicate this book to our mentors Ron Evans, Fred Gage, and, in memory of Daniel E. Koshland, Jr. Contents Preface............................................................................................................. v Acknowledgements........................................................................................ vii Contributors................................................................................................... xi 1 Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: Development In Vivo and Derivation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro for Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration............................................................................. 1 Dennis O. Clegg, David Buchholz, Sherry Hikita, Teisha Rowland, Qirui Hu, and Lincoln V.

The visual pathologic features of tumors have always been the critical parameters in determining tumor type; however, over the last several decades molecular analysis of tumors has played an increasing role in the diagnostic pathology of tumors; thus, “molecular pathology” has gradually emerged as a discipline in pathology which exploits the use of nucleic acid based techniques. The purpose of this Handbook is to discuss the principles and the application of selected existing methods of molecular pathology and its use in the detection of early cancer. It will describe the molecular changes that characterize preinvasive neoplastic lesions, molecular targets for early detection, validation of molecular targets and areas of new diagnostic technology that show promise either for early detection of neoplasias or other medically important uses in cancer prevention and care. The book describes recent advances in proteomics, metabolomics, stem cells research, micro RNA and other posttranslational molecular modifications; all these will serve the pressing needs in the development of the practice of personalized medicine. The book is divided into three sections that follow a sequence from basic mechanisms of tumor development, through the molecular and biological abnormalities found in common types of cancers, to the technologies which are most applicable to detecting these biologic alterations in precancerous lesions. Each chapter discusses the scientific underpinnings of the evolution and progression of tumors in order to enable clinicians and other professionals who manage cancer patients to better understand the disease at the molecular and genetic levels.

This book discusses the role of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in precision and personalized medicine approaches toward cancer diagnosis, treatment, early detection, and efficient drug delivery. It also covers the applications of nanotechnology in tumor chemotherapy through increasing the specificity of anticancer agents, enhancing the killing effect of tumors, and reducing the toxic and side effects. It also discusses the significance of cancer stem cells in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and prospects for targeting cancer stem cells for cancer therapies by nanomaterial. Further, a chapter discusses the current status and future perspectives of actively targeted theranostics nanoparticles for tumors and associated challenges. The chapter also reviews the therapeutic role of different species of nanoparticles for enhanced radio sensitization in cancers. The subsequent chapters cover the recent advances in nanotechnology-based chemoprevention strategies for various cancers.Useful aspect of computational tools and methods in Cancer nanomedicine is discussed. This is an ideal book for students, oncologists, and researchers working in allied fields of nanotechnology, cancer, and targeted drug delivery.

This book presents nanomaterials for cancer detection using a variety of state-of-the-art imaging techniques. Clinical applications are also highlighted. The unique size-dependent properties and convenient surfaces for molecular assembly make these nanomaterials essential for a variety of innovative imaging techniques. This book covers important imaging modalities, synthesis of nanoparticles with specific functional properties, and clinical applications including the development of anticancer drugs. The information presented here involves contributions from chemistry, materials science, materials characterization, cell engineering, and clinical testing.The book will be essential reading to experienced clinicians as well as a wide range of scholars and researchers interested in nanotechnology and imaging techniques for cancer detection.

The handbook comprehensively reviews the therapeutic potential of stem cells and stem cell secretome-based cell-free strategies in regenerative medicine. The chapters in section I and section II respectively discuss the diverse applications of mesenchymal stem cells and non- mesenchymal stem cells, including skeletal myoblasts, endothelial progenitor cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and neuronal stem cells in myocardial repair, inflammatory bowel disease, cognitive deficits, wound healing, retinal disorders, and COVID-19. The subsequent chapters in section IIIprimarily focused on the fast-emerging cell-free therapy approach in regenerative medicine for tissue repair and regeneration. These chapters review the impact of stem cell-derived secretome on various biological processes such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tissue repair, immunomodulation, musculoskeletal pathologies, wound healing, anti-fibrotic, and anti-tumorigenesis for tissue maintenance and regeneration.Lastly, section IV summarizes miscellaneous aspects of cell-based therapy, includingthe treatment advantages, opportunities, and shortcomings in stem cell-based therapy, potentially helping to refine future studies and translate them from experimental to clinical studies. Moreover, this section also has chapters on cancer stem cells as novel targets in cancer therapeutics. This Major Reference Book (MRW) is a valuable resource for researchers involved in stem cell research to understand the multifaceted therapeutic applications of stem cells and their derivative secretome in regenerative medicine.​

Readers will discover the relatively new and rapidly growing field of regenerative surgery and fat grafting, valuable for numerous plastic surgery, reconstructive, and aesthetic/cosmetic essentials. Though many books have covered specific areas or topics in regenerative surgery, the market lacks a work that tackles the full spectrum of regenerative surgery and its clinical application. This book responds to that need and presents chapters written by the best: world-renowned surgeons in their field. After an introduction that reflects basic research, most of the book focuses on clinical experience as it relates to applied techniques of processing fat and on the different uses from head to toe. Readers will learn about the history of regenerative surgery, important definitions and background information, and the evidence supporting the use of regenerative surgery. Practitioners will also find valuable guidance regarding the application of stem cells, evaluation of patient needs, and operative techniques for fat transfer. Subsequent chapters address topics such as graft types, the skin, wound healing, scar treatment, osteoarthritis, burns, scleroderma, hair rejuvenation, facial enhancement combined with facelift, chin augmentation with fat, and breast argumentation or reconstruction with fat. Particular attention is paid to gluteal augmentation with fat, body contouring, genital male and female rejuvenation, and upper and lower extremity regenerative surgery. Surgical anatomy and complications treatment and prevention were emphasized when applied. This resulted is two volumes that encompass 114 chapters, with multiple figures, and video clips, written by 242 authors (including 72 female colleagues) from five continents. Highly informative and carefully structured, this book provides invaluable insight for beginners and experienced plastic surgeons alike, while benefitting advanced surgeons, specialists, and undergraduate and graduate students.

Topics in Anti-Cancer Research covers new developments in the field of cancer diagnosis and drug therapy. Novel drugs as anticancer agents include natural and synthetic phenazirines and other anti-cancer compounds. The series also covers information on the current understanding of the pathology and molecular biology of specific neoplasms. The diversity of research topics published in this book series give broad and valuable perspectives for cancer researchers, clinicians, cancer professionals aiming to develop novel anti-cancer targets and patents for the treatment of various cancers. The topics covered in this volume are: - Peptides can play a major role in combating cancer diseases - Studying of the CLL after treatment using fractal parameter of neoplastic lymphocytes detection (ΛNLD) - Mechanistic insight of rhenium-based compounds as anti- cancer agents - Targeting cancer-specific inflammatory components in cancer therapeutics - Marine natural products as a source of novel anticancer agents: a treasure from the ocean - PDX clinical trial design in anti-cancer research

This unique book is the first on pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that is especially intended for pharmacists – in recognition of the fact that Pediatric Oncology Pharmacy is an area where more and more specific knowledge is required in daily practice, yet pharmacists who work in pediatric stem cell transplantation do not have a book addressing their specific needs. This pioneering book will likely become the new gold standard for practice, addressing subjects such as stem cells and their differentiation mechanisms; aspects of embryonic and non-embryonic stem cells; stem cell transplantation in pediatrics; stem cell sources and related technical choices; stem cell donors; scheduling transplantations; diseases and chemotherapy protocols that require stem cell transplantation; stem cell homing; engraftment and repopulation of stem cells in bone marrow; autologous stem cell transplantation in pediatrics; allogeneic stem cell transplantation in pediatrics; and indications for autologous and allogeneic pediatric stem cell transplantation. Further, it discusses pediatric graft-versus-host disease and the pharmacist; antibacterial and antifungal prophylaxis; detailed chemotherapy, conditioning and trials for pediatric stem cell transplantation; conditioning granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in pediatric stem cell transplantation; analyzing prescriptions and programming a pediatric stem cell transplantation; handling chemotherapy and adjuvant drugs for pediatric stem cell transplantation; stem cell transplantation in children up to 1 year old; and clinical pharmacy in pediatric stem cell transplantation. An easy-to-read yet comprehensive guide covering a wide range of topics essential to daily practice, the book offers an invaluable asset for pediatric hemato/ oncology pharmacists, hematologist pharmacists, clinical pharmacists, pediatric pharmacists, pharmaceutical residents and researchers alike.

This book reviews the various applications of nanotechnology in human health. The introductory chapters focus on the classifications, types, synthesis, and characterization of various types of nanomaterials, while subsequent chapters highlight current applications of nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of microbial and viral infections, and also in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Further, the book explores the potential role of nanomaterials in connection with neuronal differentiation, neuronal protection, and neurological diseases. It demonstrates the use of nanotechnology to diagnose and treat genetic disorders, as well as endocrine and metabolic syndrome diseases. It also discusses the ethics and the negative impacts of nanomaterials on human health. Lastly, it examines the intellectual property aspects and government regulations associated with the research, design, and commercialization of nanotechnology-based products. Given its scope, it offers avaluable resource for all researchers and professionals working with nanotechnology-based applications in human health.

This book provides a wealth of detailed hysteroscopic images, illustrating the various gynecological pathologies that can be directly diagnosed by hysteroscopy. Providing comprehensive coverage, the book examines each pathology on the basis of concrete images, offering readers support with the diagnostic evaluation. This is especially important when there are recrudescent pathologies, such as TBC, which can often confuse physicians in the context of diagnosis, and with regard to oncological, infectious and infertility issues. Written by prominent experts in the field, this atlas offers an extremely useful and comprehensive tool for all gynecologists, which can support them to overcome any diagnostic doubts and arrive at an accurate diagnosis.

This textbook covers the basic aspects of stem cell research and applications in regenerative medicine. Each chapter includes a didactic component and a practical section. The book offers readers insights into: How to identify the basic concepts of stem cell biology and the molecular regulation of pluripotency and stem cell development. How to produce induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the basics of transfection. The biology of adult stem cells, with particular emphasis on mesenchymal stromal cells and hematopoietic stem cells, and the basic mechanisms that regulate them. How cancer stem cells arise and metastasize, and their properties. How to develop the skills needed to isolate, differentiate and characterize adult stem The clinical significance of stem cell research and the potential problems that need to be overcome. Evaluating the use of stem cells for tissue engineering and therapies (the amniotic membrane) The applications of bio-nanotechnology in stem cell research. How epigenetic mechanisms, including various DNA modifications and histone dynamics, are involved in regulating the potentiality and differentiation of stem cells. The scientific methods, ethical considerations and implications of stem cell research.

This book discusses the recent developments in the therapeutic implications of cancer stem cells for the effective diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. It summarizes the various stem cells of common cancers including colon, pancreas, lungs, prostate, melanoma, and glioblastoma, and reviews the potential role of cancer stem cells in tissue aggressiveness, examining the functional contribution of cancer stem cells in the establishment and recurrence of cancerous tumors. Further, it explores the potential of cancer stem cells as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of tumor progression. The book also discusses the various approaches for detecting, isolating, and characterizing different cancer stem cells and signaling pathways that control their replication, survival, and differentiation. Lastly, it explores the key features and mechanisms of drug resistance, chemo-resistance, and radio-resistance in cancer stem cells to improve therapeuticrationale.

Resistance to therapies, both targeted and systemic, and metastases to distant organs are the underlying causes of breast cancer-associated mortality. The second edition of Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance brings together some of the leading experts to comprehensively understand breast cancer: the factors that make it lethal, and current research and clinical progress. This volume covers the following core topics: basic understanding of breast cancer (statistics, epidemiology, racial disparity and heterogeneity), metastasis and drug resistance (bone metastasis, trastuzumab resistance, tamoxifen resistance and novel therapeutic targets, including non-coding RNAs, inflammatory cytokines, cancer stem cells, ubiquitin ligases, tumor microenvironment and signaling pathways such as TRAIL, JAK-STAT and mTOR) and recent developments in the field (epigenetic regulation, microRNAs-mediated regulation, novel therapies and the clinically relevant 3D models). Expertsalso discuss the advances in laboratory research along with their translational and clinical implications with an overarching goal to improve the diagnosis and prognosis, particularly that of breast cancer patients with advanced disease.

Neuroblastoma: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Interventions comprehensively reviews current concepts in molecular and histopathological mechanisms that influence the growth of human malignant neuroblastoma, along with exciting therapeutic interventions. This book features a broad collection of contributions from leading investigators in histopathology, molecular mechanisms, genetics, epigenetics, microRNAs, proteomics, and metabolism in controlling growth and death in neuroblastoma. Recent developments in therapeutic interventions for neuroblastoma are also covered extensively, including chapters on surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. This book is ideal for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, medical students, postdoctoral fellows, and investigators with an interest in current molecular concepts and therapeutic interventions. - Comprehensively covers the histopathological characterization, molecular mechanisms, and most recent therapeutic interventions in neuroblastoma - Includes recent developments and therapeutic interventions for neuroblastoma, including chapters on surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy - Presents a broad scope that provides basic researchers, practitioners and students with the most current overview of recent advances

This unique compilation focuses on a very curious organ, the ovary. There are still many unknown facts about the origins of ovarian tissue and ovarian cancer, and each chapter describes in detail the latest insights into the ovary from basic to clinical aspects. Expert authors reveal the most recent findings on ovariogenesis and ovarian carcinogenesis by shedding light on stem cell biology for the ovarian surface epithelial cells or primordial germ cells. Readers will greatly increase their understanding of the relevance of the cells that constitute the ovary, which is of vast significance in comprehending the occurrence mechanism of ovarian tissue and ovarian cancer. In this way the book covers a wide range of fields concerned with the ovary. This work benefits not only gynecologists and obstetricians, but also basic researchers in the field of stem cell biology and all clinicians who are involved in the management of fertility preservation or ovarian cancer.

This new edition provides the latest information and insights into the molecular basis for lung cancer. Since the publication of the previous edition of this volume, dramatic changes have occurred with the classification of lung cancer, biomarker testing, and molecular therapy. The book covers these changes, providing updates and new insights on the background of lung cancer, testing methods, and the molecular pathology of specific cell types, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and precursor and preinvasive lesions.Authored by experts in the field, Precision Molecular Pathology of Lung Cancer, Second Edition remains one of the few books that comprehensively covers the new molecular pathology of lung cancer and is a valuable resource for pathologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, thoracic surgeons, and thoracic radiologists.

This comprehensive, multidisciplinary guide provides an up-to-date presentation of fertility preservation techniques with male cancer patients and other challenging conditions. Divided into four thematic sections, part one provides an overview of the pathophysiologic processes interrelating cancer and its treatment with infertility and discusses different methods of sperm preservation and fertility outcomes in cancer patients. Part two then explores male fertility preservation in various non-cancerous conditions, such as immunosuppressed, hypogonadal and transgender patients. The fundamental principles of cryobiology and sperm optimization are covered in part three, which also offers essential building blocks for scientists to develop a sperm banking service and implement high standards of practice. The final section describes the current practices of male fertility preservation along with its psychological impact on patients, and extends beyond to future innovative methods—tissue preservation, xenografting and artificial gametes—being researched and implemented in this field. Fertility preservation among cancer patients and survivors is an evolving practice, which involves focused research and timely collaboration of professionals from related fields. The Complete Guide to Male Fertility Preservation is unique and original in its design and will appeal to a larger audience of andrologists, reproductive endocrinologists, urologists, embryologists, and all other clinicians practicing reproductive medicine and oncology.

The book explores recent developments in the application of nanotechnology in the early detection of gastric cancer. It discusses various aspects, such as screening for gastric cancer-associated biomarkers; establishing new ultrasensitive detection methods based on nanoparticle labeling and nanoeffects; developing a new generation of nanodevices for high-throughput examination of serum and breath biomarkers; developing multifunctional nanoprobes for targeted imaging and simultaneous therapy of gastric cancer; evaluating the biosafety of multifunctional nanoprobes; and the establishment of a pre-warning and early diagnosis system. It also presents clinical applications and prospects. The book provides a valuable reference for researchers in nanomedicine and clinicians involved in gastric cancer and radiology.

This book concisely reviews important advances in radiation oncology, providing practicing radiation oncologists with a fundamental understanding of each topic and an appreciation of its significance for the future of radiation oncology. It explores in detail the impact of newer imaging modalities, such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and other novel agents, which deliver improved visualization of the physiologic and phenotypic features of a given cancer, helping oncologists to provide more targeted radiotherapy and assess the response. Due consideration is also given to how advanced technologies for radiation therapy delivery have created new treatment options for patients with localized and metastatic disease, highlighting the increasingly important role of image-guided radiotherapy in treating systemic and oligometastatic disease. Further topics include the potential value of radiotherapy in enhancing immunotherapy thanks to the broader immune-stimulatory effects, how cancer stem cells and the tumor microenvironment influence response, and the application of mathematical and systems biology methods to radiotherapy.

This volume provides the latest research on circulating tumor cells aimed for cancer researchers, scientists, and molecular oncologists. It presents the basic concepts behind circulating tumor cells (CTCs), metastatic biology, and potential applications as to how CTCs can be used in diagnostic biomarkers.CTCs are cells that have detached from the primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream. Such cells may become'seeds'for the growth of additional tumors. The field of analysis surrounding cancer metastasis has been steadily growing, and CTCs provide effective biomarkers that can be examined in peripheral blood through a minimally invasive “liquid biopsy” procedure. CTCs offer several exciting applications, not only as markers of disease progression but also as biomarkers of monitoring response to therapy and companion diagnostics for novel anticancer drug development. In recent years there has been rapid growth and worldwide developments on CTCs, which span both the basic sciences and biomedical engineering fields.

This book presents an Assessment of Physical Sciences and Engineering Advances in Life Sciences and Oncology (APHELION) by a panel of experts. It covers the status and trends of applying physical sciences and engineering principles to oncology research in leading laboratories and organizations in Europe and Asia.The book elaborates on the six topics identified by the panel that have the greatest potential to advance understanding and treatment of cancer, each covered by a chapter in the book. The study was sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institute of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering at the NIH in the US under a cooperative agreement with the World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC).

Since the 1970s, the origin of cancer is being explored from the point of view of the Somatic Mutation Theory (SMT), focusing on genetic mutations and clonal expansion of somatic cells. As cancer research expanded in several directions, the dominant focus on cells remained steady, but the classes of genes and the kinds of extra-genetic factors that were shown to have causal relevance in the onset of cancer multiplied. The wild heterogeneity of cancer-related mutations and phenotypes, along with the increasing complication of models, led to an oscillation between the hectic search of ‘the'few key factors that cause cancer and the discouragement in face of a seeming ‘endless complexity'. To tame this complexity, cancer research started to avail itself of the tools that were being developed by Systems Biology. At the same time, anti-reductionist voices began claiming that cancer research was stuck in a sterile research paradigm. This alternative discourse even gave birth toan alternative theory: the Tissue Organization Field Theory (TOFT). A deeper philosophical analysis shows limits and possibilities of reductionist and anti-reductionist positions and of their polarization. This book demonstrates that a radical philosophical reflection is necessary to drive cancer research out of its impasses. At the very least, this will be a reflection on the assumptions of different kinds of cancer research, on the implications of what cancer research has been discovering over 40 years and more, on a view of scientific practice that is most able to make sense of the cognitive and social conflicts that are seen in the scientific community (and in its results), and, finally, on the nature of living entities with which we entertain this fascinating epistemological dance that we call scientific research. The proposed Dynamic and Relational View of carcinogenesis is a starting point in all these directions.

Cancer Stem Cells: Targeting the Roots of Cancer, Seeds of Metastasis, and Sources of Therapy Resistance introduces the basic concepts and advanced understanding of cancer stem cells, covering general overviews, organ-specific identifications, and their characteristic mechanisms. The book also explores innovative therapeutic strategies in preclinical and clinical trials to target cancer stem cells, remove the roots of cancer, eliminate the seeds of metastasis, overcome the resistance of therapies, and contribute to the eradication of cancer. The book includes contributions from leading, worldwide experts in the field, helping readers embrace new hope in their quest to eradicate cancer with emerging clinical trials on treating cancer stem cells in combination with other therapies. - Provides an authoritative and complete overview of cancer stem cells - Includes comprehensive coverage of current therapeutic strategies targeting cancer stem cells - Deepens a reader's technical expertise in cancer stem cell biology

An innovative theory proposes a new therapeutic strategy to break the stalemate in the war on cancer. It is called cancer stem cell (CSC) theory, and Lucie Laplane offers a comprehensive analysis, based on an original interdisciplinary approach that combines biology, biomedical history, and philosophy.Rather than treat cancer by aggressively trying to eliminate all cancerous cells—with harmful side effects for patients—CSC theory suggests the possibility of targeting the CSCs, a small fraction of cells that lie at the root of cancers. CSCs are cancer cells that also have the defining properties of stem cells—the abilities to self-renew and to differentiate. According to this theory, only CSCs and no other cancer cells can induce tumor formation.To date, researchers have not agreed on the defining feature of CSCs—their stemness. Drawing from a philosophical perspective, Laplane shows that there are four possible ways to understand this property: stemness can be categorical (an intrinsic property of stem cells), dispositional (an intrinsic property whose expression depends on external stimuli), relational (an extrinsic property determined by a cell's relationship with the microenvironment), or systemic (an extrinsic property controlled at the system level). Our ability to cure cancers may well depend upon determining how these definitions apply to different types of cancers.

This is the thirteenth volume in a series which presents current understanding of stem cells and cancer stem cells. This book presents many relevant topics including the different sources of cancer stem cells: the features, roles and clinical potential of stem cells emerge from engaging with this comprehensive work. Chapters explore molecular mechanisms underlying human somatic cell reprogramming to generate induced pluripotent stem cells and provide expert discussion of the advantages and limitations of applications of some of the stem cell types (pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells). Many advances are explored, including the importance of stem cell markers in diagnosis, the role of stem cells in angiogenesis and a method for isolating multi potent endothelial-like cells from human adipose tissue, to name a few. Readers will also find a consideration of mathematical models and other quantitative tools which could facilitate research and discovery in the field. The editor's preface to the book and the series is particularly helpful in introducing the work presented in this volume. The detailed overviews, practical experience and insights of international expert authors presented in this handbook will be of value to both professional practitioners and scholars in basic research.

This volume includes the information necessary to understand recent critical advances in the mechanisms of intestinal tumorigenesis and to comprehend the complexity of the process. The volume aims to entice new researchers to participate in relevant studies, and to provide a forum for discussion within the scientific community to shape future research in this field. Discoveries in intestinal tumorigenesis lead to further understanding of mechanisms involved in colon cancer. Additionally, advancements in techniques and methods open the doors for new approaches to better define the molecular and organismal mechanisms of intestinal tumorigenesis. Chapters are authored by widely published authorities in the field.Each year, there are close to 150,000 new cases of colorectal cancer, which results in approximately 50,000 deaths per year in the United States; these figures render colorectal cancer a significant health concern. Studies attempting to understand the mechanisms of development and progression of colorectal cancer have been ongoing for decades and each year brings new discoveries yielding a better comprehension of the underlying processes at work.

This volume presents the most current reviews on how cancer stem cells (CSCs) hypothesis dictates that the continued proliferation of a tumor is dependent on a sub-population of self-renewing and asymmetrically dividing neoplastic stem cells that supply a largely differentiated tumor. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of CSCs, their role in central nervous system (CNS) tumors, and the recent CSC-specific treatment modalities being used. The emerging focus on CSCs in brain tumors represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of the pathogenesis of these neoplasms. Importantly, the realization that a distinct sub-population of cells contributes disproportionately to the growth and sustenance of central nervous system tumors has important implications for the treatment of such tumors. To treat CNS tumors, there is now a growing need to treat CSCs to achieve adequate tumor control.

Volume 12 in this series explores the latest experimental and clinical uses of stem cells in the treatment of disease and of injuries and reviews methods for isolating multipotent endothelial-like cells from human adipose tissue and discusses clinical applications in cell therapy and regenerative medicine.The book is organized in five parts: Cancer Stem Cells, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Dendritic Stem Cells, Regenerative Medicine and General Applications. The first section includes chapters on histamine in the neural and cancer stem cell niches and emerging concepts of stem cell organization in the normal lung and in lung cancer. The section on Pluripotent Stem Cells includes discussion of the differentiation of dendritic cells from human induced pluripotent stem cell and the molecular mechanisms involved in reprogramming human somatic cells to generate induced pluripotent stem cells. Additional chapters cover the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into functional cardiomyocytes, characteristics of satellite cells and multipotent adult stem cells in the skeletal muscle. The section on Dendritic Stem Cells explores the critical role of notch signaling in the differentiation and function of dendrite. Other chapters cover hypertensive emergencies in children after stem cell transplantation and overcoming the radio resistance of lung cancer stem cells. The section on Regenerative Medicine reports on experiments on improved renal revascularization in pigs using stem cells and phenotypic correction of murine Hemophilia A using cell-based therapy. The concluding section, General Applications, discusses such topics as methods in mathematical modeling for stem cells, as well as molecular and functional characterization of human adipocytes.Like its eleven predecessors in the series, this volume stands out for its comprehensive approach, its roster of some 51 expert contributors representing a dozen different countries and its up-to-date review of leading-edge technology and methods.

This volume looks at the state-of-the-science in stem cells, discusses the current challenges, and examines the new directions the field is taking. Dr. Turksen, editor-in-chief of the journal'Stem Cell Reviews and Reports,'has assembled a volume of internationally-known scientists who cover topics that are both clinically and research-oriented. The contents range from sources of stem cells through their physiological role in health and disease, therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine, and ethics and society. An initial overview and a final summary bookend the contents into a cohesive and invaluable volume.

This book summarizes the latest findings about the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in cancer biology and how this knowledge could be used for novel anticancer therapies. It provides an overview of CSCs in selected malignancies with particular emphasis on hematopoietic neoplasias. It then reviews the role of CSCs in metastasis formation and initiat

In this book, the authors present current research in the study of non-small cell lung cancer. Topics discussed include the preclinical and clinical advances of epigenetics in lung cancer; therapeutic antibodies and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in non-small cell lung cancer; molecular profiling in lung cancer specimens leads to targeted therapeutic options in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma; the role of radiation dose escalation in the treatment of stage III locally advanced inoperable non-small cell lung cancer; and mechanisms of resistance to EGFR inhibitors.

As in volume 1 of this series, this volume presents information on stem cells and cancer stem cells; Therapeutic Applications in disease and tissue/organ injury. Methodologies of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are major components of this volume. Specific stem cells discussed are: human embryonic stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, cord blood stem cells, human pluripotent stem cells, gliosarcoma stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, intestinal stem cells, human thyroid cancer stem cells, tumor stem cells, menstrual stem-like cells, neural stem cells, breast cancer stem cells, allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells, fetal membrane-derived mesemchynmal stem cells, and omental stem cells. The method for isolating bone marrow stromal cells is explained. Method for generating marmoset-induced pluripotent stem cells, using transcription factors, is also explained. Use of stem cell lines in therapeutic applications is discussed. Programming of stem cells is described. Methods for transplantation of stem cells are presented. Use of various types of stem cells for conditions such as stroke, ischemia, heart diseases, Alzhemier's disease, and neurogenerative diseases in general, is explained. For example, generation of human cardiac muscle cells from adipose-derived stem cells is included. Another example is repairing bone defects using mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal-derived endothelial cells. Differentiation of new neurons from neural stem cells is described. Method for repairing retina condition using human embryonic stem cells is explained; these cells can induce neural differentiation. Treatment of graft-versus-host disease resulting from hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is elaborated.

Proceedings from the first International Symposium on Primo Vascular System 2010 (ISPS 2010) with special topics on cancer and regeneration was held in Jecheon, Korea during September 17-18, 2010. Includes coverage of new study results that have better revealed the functional aspects of PVS, including its roles in the areas of regenerative medicine and cancer.

Inappropriate activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is observed in many human cancers and is sufficient to drive tumor initiation and progression in numerous contexts. Multiple mechanisms, such as overexpression of Wnt ligands, inactivation of the APC and Axin tumor suppressors, and mutation of -catenin, are responsible for pathway activation in tumor cells. The development of potent Wnt pathway antagonists for therapeutic use has been a major effort for investigators in both academia and industry in recent years. This book will provide an overview of the Wnt pathway as a therapeutic target for cancer, and discuss the preclinical development of inhibitors specifically directed to upstream and downstream components of the pathway.

In this state-of-the-art exploration of a hugely dynamic and fast-evolving field of research, leading researchers share their collective wisdom on the role that stem cells could play in the context of physiological stress and lung injury. The text focuses on reviewing the most relevant—and recent—ideas on using local, endogenous, and exogenous progenitor/stem cells in preventing and treating injury to the lung. The lungs are one of the most complex organs in the human body, with a mature adult lung boasting at least 40 morphologically differentiated cell lineages. Our entire blood supply passes through the lung's alveolar units during oxygenation. This interaction with the outside world, along with the intricacies of its structure, makes the lung a highly susceptible organ that is vulnerable to numerous types of injury and infection. This means that the mechanisms of lung repair are in themselves correspondingly complex. Because of their multipotentiality, as well as the fact of the lung's relatively rapid cell turnover, stem cells are thought to be an important alternative cell-base therapy in lung injury. Despite the controversial nature of stem cell research, there has been growing interest in both local and endogenous stem cells in the lung. This highly topical book with chapters on everything from using mesenchymal stem cells in lung repair to the effect of physical activity on the mobilization of stem and progenitor cells, represents an exciting body of work by outstanding investigators and will be required reading for those with an interest in the subject.

Prostate cancer is a disease in which cancer develops in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. It occurs when cells of the prostate mutate and begin to multiply out of control. These cells may spread (metastasize) from the prostate to other parts of the body, especially the bones and lymph nodes. Prostate cancer may cause pain, difficulty in urinating, problems during sexual intercourse, erectile dysfunction and other symptoms. However those symptoms are present only in an advanced stage of the disease. Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in men and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among males. Androgens play a major role in the development of prostate cancer since males castrated during childhood do not develop this disease. Another factor known to be involved in prostate cancer development is age, since the majority of prostate cancer patients are aging men. Rates of detection of prostate cancers vary widely across the world with South and East Asia detecting less frequently than in Europe, and especially the United States. This new important handbook gathers the latest research from around the globe in this field.

As someone who has spent nearly half his life wondering about the relationship between Helicobacter and gastric cancer, I find this textbook on the subject exciting and timely. In fact, I am not aware of any other volume that has been able to distil so much new knowledge into such a comprehensive account of a poorly understood field. Taking my own view, as a scientist placed in the middle of the spectrum between basic science and clinical medicine, I can see that the editors, Jim Fox, Andy Giraud, and Timothy Wang, provide a broad mix of expertise, which ensures that the subject is treated with the right balance. From clinicopathologic observations in humans, to epidemiology, through animal models, to molecular and cell biology, this team has hit the mark for most readers. Fox is a well-known leader in animal models with broad expertise. He pioneered the field with observations on Helicobacter species in animals, from the time when only one spiral gastric bac- rium was known, “Campylobacter pyloridis. ” Fox partners with Wang, whose team recently announced a dramatic advance in the field of carcinogenesis—the obser- tion that bone marrow–derived stem cells participate in the changes that become cancer. To this nice mix has been added Andy Giraud from my own country, who brings to the table some remarkable genetic models of gastric cancer based on alterations in the gp130/stat3-signaling pathway.

Der'Schmoll'bestätigt mit dieser nunmehr 4. Auflage weiterhin seinen Ruf als Standardwerk der Internistischen Onkologie. Er gilt nicht nur als das umfangreichste sondern auch als das profundeste Nachschlagewerk, das zuverlässig und nahezu vollständig über den neuesten Wissensstand in der Onkologie informiert. Durch eine noch übersichtlichere Gliederung und ein neues Layout handelt es sich hier um ein äußerst instruktives Lehrbuch, das für den onkologisch tätigen Arzt eine sehr wertvolle Informationsquelle darstellt und zur Basisausstattung in jede onkologische Abteilung gehören sollte. Band 1 stellt Grundlagen, Richtlinien, Antineoplastische Substanzen, Toxizitäten, prophylaktische und supportive Therapien dar. Band 2 enthält Diagnostik, Therapie und praxisnahe Therapieanleitungen. Sämtliche Kapitel wurden inhaltlich erweitert, ergänzt und aktualisiert; die Therapieoptionen sind wissenschaftlich und klinisch auf den neuesten Stand gebracht. Band 3 enthält in bewährter Weise die kurzgefassten Indikationen und Therapieschemata für die Kitteltasche. Die Leitlinien der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft sowie weiterer Fachgesellschaften wurden übernommen. Neu: Das komplett aktualisierte Adressverzeichnis mit allen - auch international - wichtigen onkologisch relevanten Adressen finden Sie ab dieser Auflage online auf der'Kompendium-Website'.

Today, cancer is the second most prevelant cause of death, after heart disease, in the industrialized world. Till now, and despite promising results in cancer research, the primary cause of death in cancer is still 1: the formation of metastases at distant organs sites, 2: the presence of cancer cells that are resistant to current cancer therapies (chemotherapy/radiation) and which cause cancer relapse. Within the past three years it became evident that also solid tumor tissues contain a kind of stem cells, so-called cancer cells. These cancer stem cells have been described as chemo-/radiation therapy resistant tumor initating cells. The purpose of this book is to summarize the latest findings about the role of stem cells in cancer.

Successfully fighting cancer starts with understanding how it begins. This thoroughly revised 3rd Edition explores the scientific basis for our current understanding of malignant transformation and the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer. A team of leading experts thoroughly explain the molecular biologic principles that underlie the diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions now being used in clinical trials and practice. Incorporating cutting-edge advances and the newest research, the book provides thorough descriptions of everything from molecular abnormalities in common cancers to new approaches for cancer therapy.Features sweeping updates throughout, including molecular targets for the development of anti-cancer drugs, gene therapy, and vaccines...keeping you on the cutting edge of your specialty. Offers a new, more user-friendly full-color format so the information that you need is easier to find.Presents abundant figures-all redrawn in full color-illustrating major concepts for easier comprehension.Features numerous descriptions of the latest clinical strategies-helping you to understand and take advantage of today's state-of-the-art biotechnology advances.

In this book, tumour growth is perceived as a deviation from the normal development of the human organism. The molecular, cellular, and tissue determinants of different tumours are discussed showing that each is a different disease, often corresponding to a particular developmental stage. The natural history of several cancers illustrates how clinical incidence can be just the visible part of the iceberg, while the first changes at the tissue level sometimes occur several years before tumour growth becomes manifest. Several mechanisms are proposed to explain the distribution of cancers during the human life span and the decline of the incidence of cancers during human senescence.