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Obesity is a global pandemic rising beyond the status of a lifestyle disorder, and its consequences include impaired metabolism, energy disruption, and abdominal fat deposition and storage. Body Recomposition: A Comprehensive and Metabolic Alternative to Weight Loss presents information on body recomposition, which emphasizes the approach of losing fat while gaining muscle. It contains vast research on topics including factors that influence fat accumulation, strategies for weight management, healthy diet and eating patterns, physical exercise, and lifestyle strategies in healthy weight management.Features: Influence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on stored fat accumulation and its treatment Harnessing the gut microbial arm in combating obesity Roles of leptin, ghrelin, NPY, cortisol, and diverse neurotransmitters in appetite suppression and regulation Genetic predisposition and genetic addiction obesity risk assessment and therapies Gut–brain axis role in metabolism and body recomposition Efficacy of phytochemicals in weight management and roles of drugs and natural supplements in weight management Importance of physical exercise and manageable lifestyle factors Existing commercial weight loss strategies can fail to achieve and maintain sustainable weight loss or enhance greater healthy fat loss. This book provides an improved alternative for dietitians/nutritionists, health practitioners, and clinicians, as well as food and nutrition scientists.

Flavonoids are known to have positive effects on human and animal health and are employed for disease therapy and chemoprevention.This book presents recent advances of polyphenol (flavonoids) derivatives for the management and prevention of diseases. It summarizes the classification of flavonoids and explores their potential as immunity-boosting compounds for mental health, for prevention of cardiovascular illnesses, for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory uses, for their use in vasodilation, for their use in dermatology and cosmetic preparation, and more. The various methods of flavonoid extraction are addressed, including the main parameters involved in extraction, such as temperature, solvent used, sample quantity, time for extraction, etc. The book also looks at the role of flavonoids in sustainable agriculture.

This book focuses on the worldwide frequent and growing problem with its projective trajectory that encompasses pediatric overweight and obesity. Through the ten chapters it offers in the first four a comprehensive state of art of the bases of pediatric obesity in order to support the following ones with new and proved clinical issues, as recent complementary features on anthropometry and food intake and new safe treatments. This books discusses comorbidities, trajectories, prevention, extended periods and treatment. For effective prevention, clues are given to routinely screen all comorbidities that are already present in overweight or obese children but frequently overlooked.This volume will be of benefit to pediatricians, endocrinologists and all healthcare providers interested in the care of children and adolescents.

Functional food sources are growing in popularity because they are exceptionally nutritious and provide amazing medical advantages. They can help ensure against infection, prevent supplement deficiency, and advance appropriate health development and improvement. With illustrative case studies, this new volume explores the many roles of functional foods in the prevention and management of various diseases, including diabetes, autism spectrum disorder, weight loss and obesity, microbial infections, ulcers and other gastrointestinal diseases, mental disorders and brain health, cardiac health and cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and bone health, and more.

An evidence-based guide to the uses, benefits and practical application of a plant-based diet for all health professionals, taking both a holistic and a systems-based (heart, respiratory system, diabetes, kidneys, liver, gut) approach. The book draws on the University of Winchester's Plant-based nutrition course, the first university-based course on plant-based nutrition in the UK. It is led by Shireen Kassam and many of the internationally based chapter authors contribute to it.

Traditionally, dietary fat has been associated with negative effects on human health by consumers due to its high energy density. However, today it is well known that the quality of the fat ingested is more important than its quantity, and that there are natural lipophilic compounds that are essential for the correct maintenance of human physiological functions. For this reason, the negative image associated with dietary fat consumption is not fully justified. Dietary fat is a hot research area that has attracted increasing attention in the last decades. An adequate intake of dietary fats adapted to our age and physical activity, as well as an increase in the intake of beneficial fatty compounds and controlling the intake of those types of fats that have negative effects on our health, can be powerful allies in preventing the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Through this book, the Editors have compiled the most up to date and well-documented information on many aspects of the development and application of novel dietary patterns related to fatty compounds, with special emphasis on beneficial effects. They have considered fatty nutritional requirements at different stages of life, the international guidelines and the application of new -omics techniques, such as epigenetics, nutrigenomics, metabolomics and metagenomics, related to human health. This book will be of interest to researchers in food technology and biomedicine, as well as the food industry and food distribution areas.

The book, Clinical Studies in Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements, presents extensive information on all the vital aspects and evidence-based studies on nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. The most fascinating part of this book is that the chapters explore the key concept accompanying an emphasis on recent research and developments on nutraceuticals and dietary supplements to tackle various diseases including maternal and fetal health, cancer, cardiovascular, renal disorders, hepatic disorders, hormonal disorders, and neurological dysfunction. The introspection carries updated literature reviews with relevant vital topics, quality illustrations, and well-organized tables for a better understanding of each segment. The current market scenario of these nutraceuticals and dietary supplements is the emphasis on their importance for a healthy and disease-controlled environment. This book will be useful to research scholars and scientists, as well as individuals working in the nutraceutical, dietary supplement, and functional food industries. This is an initiative to unveil the immense wealth that these nutraceuticals and dietary supplements hold and a realization of the fact that more evidence-based studies are required for its use to curb maladies and foster a healthy lifestyle.

This book provides a detailed summary of the therapeutic benefits of natural extracts from medicinal plants, mushrooms, algae, fungi and sponges and their role in the prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes, offering readers a solid introduction to obesity and diabetes as well as current treatment models. In addition, it examines how genomics and multi-omics approaches have revolutionized our understanding of these diseases, and discusses the role of microbiome-host interactions, probiotics, prebiotics and the future of metabolic phenotyping.Focusing on the pharmacokinetics of anti-obesity and anti-diabetic phytochemicals, their bioavailability in the respective target tissues and their elimination times, the book also describes the nanoformulations of phytochemicals and herbal extracts. Lastly, it presents an overview of the advances in clinical studies on the use of herbal and mushroom extracts in obesity and diabetes management.Given its scope, this book is useful not only for researches in the field but also for students studying nutrition, food sciences, plant sciences or pharmacology, as well as for health professionals and practitioners.

For many centuries, fenugreek has been one of the most popular spices and vegetables serving as an integral part of culinary practices across many cultures. Fenugreek contains exceptional nutritional and medicinal properties, but scientific evidence for its potential health benefits has been considerably understudied and is beginning to grow.This book is a comprehensive compilation and documentation on the scientific profile of fenugreek and its phytoconstituents, including their most known applications and health benefits. It features a wide range of chapters written by highly experienced academics and industrial professionals. Topics cover applications of fenugreek including information on nutrition, fitness supplements, functional food, and excipients of novel drug delivery systems. In addition, it features topics on related products in the areas of nutraceuticals, functional food preparations, and complementary medicines.Features:· Comprehensive review of traditional wisdom and modern scientific evidence on fenugreek· Presents scientific evidence of fenugreek as an ingredient for product development formulation· Contains information on extraction methods, risk assessment, claim validations, and the regulatory status of fenugreek-based products· Covers broad physiological benefits of fenugreek in management of diabetes mellitus, primary hyperlipidemia, inflammation and pain, neuropathy and neuroinflammation, neurological and psychological disorders, kidney and lung disorders, as well as immunological, infectious, and malignant disorders· Enhances awareness of existing scientific knowledge surrounding fenugreek, whilst encouraging future scientific research towards better and safer nutritional and medicinal applicationsThis book is a valuable resource of information on fenugreek for researchers, students, nutritionists, sport medicine practitioners, fitness enthusiasts and trainers, naturopaths, traditional practitioners, and toxicologists. This book helps industries in the fields of nutraceuticals, fitness and sports medicine products to develop their future products. However, this book is not a substitute for medical advice or recommendations.

This book is about the theory of Hot and Cold, a mutual fundamental base of traditional medicines all around the world. The theory describes the dynamic balance state of the body on the axis of hot and cold for each individual and proposes the fact that deviation from this equilibrium is a predisposing factor for diseases. Such an approach helps practitioners to provide treatments tailored to the patient's condition, not the disease. This book, for the first time, has gathered native descriptions of Hot and Cold theory in different traditional medicines, including traditional Chinese medicine, Persian (Humoral, Unani) medicine, Ayurvedic medicine and Latin American and Caribbean medicines. After defining the common ground, contemporary research - in nutrition, pharmacology, physiology and systems biology - has been explored using scientific methodology. This work is the result of an international collaboration of more than 30 scientists and scholars with high reputations intheir fields. Hot and Cold theory, as a holistic individualized approach in prevention, diagnosis and treatment, can be merged into the novel fast-paced concepts in systems biology and precision medicine. Through this bridge, the authors propose that the Hot and Cold theory should be revisited more deeply by medical scientists, who are the main audience of this book, to pave the way towards integrated holistic personalized medicine.

As consumers look to natural foods to promote health and well-being, their focus has been on foods with recognized health properties. Natural health products with rich antioxidant and high free radical scavenging activity such as Asian berries currently draw the interest of scientific researchers, whose goal is to evaluate Asian berries'nutritional and health-promoting properties.Collected in one source, Asian Berries: Health Benefits covers a wide array of different Asian berries, their properties, potential health benefits, and possible uses. Asian berries are well-known traditional nutritional foods and herbal medicinals as well as valuable nourishing tonic, which has been used for thousands of years in Asian countries. They are traditionally employed as herbal medicinals from ancient times. Recently, Asian berries widely marketed as health foods have become increasingly popular in the Western world because of their health-promoting properties. This book explores a wide array of possibilities and benefits that come from Asian berries. Key Features: Defines chemical, biochemical properties, bioactive components and health benefits of Asian berries Details postharvest storage technology and processing technology development Explains utilization of Asian berries by-products Discusses Asian berries functional foods as well as food safety issues Complete with 18 chapters written by experts in their field, Asian Berries: Health Benefits serves as an excellent reference for anyone interested in the science and technology of bioactive components from Asian berries as health-promoting foods.

This monograph includes five chapters describing spirulina, a biomass of cyanobacteria with strong antioxidant effects and various other health benefits. Chapter One addresses the boosting effect on the immune system by spirulina, exploring its antiviral activity and respective mechanisms. Chapter Two evaluates the neuroprotective effect of spirulina and its aqueous extract in two models of fetal alcohol syndrome in mice. Chapter Three reviews biomolecules of industrial interest with health benefits that can be extracted from spirulina biomass and describes the factors that influence their synthesis as well as their application in food and pharmaceutical industries. Chapter Four provides a broad overview of the various health benefits of spirulina. Finally, Chapter Five describes the beneficial effects of spirulina on conditions including obesity, cardiometabolic disturbances, and immunitary processes.

This book explains about amino acids (AAs) which are not only building blocks of protein, but are also signaling molecules as well as regulators of gene expression and the protein phosphorylation cascade. Additionally, AAs are key precursors for syntheses of hormones and low-molecular-weight nitrogenous substances with each having enormous biological importance. For example, physiological concentrations of AA metabolites (e.g., nitric oxide, polyamines, glutathione, taurine, thyroid hormones, and serotonin) are required for cell functions. Growing evidence shows that humans and animals have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs. Mammals, birds, and fish also have species- and age-dependent needs for some AA-related substances. However, elevated levels of other products (e.g., ammonia, homocysteine, H2S, and asymmetric dimethylarginine) are pathogenic factors for neurological disorders, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease. Thus, optimal amounts of AAs and their ratios in diets and circulation are crucial for whole-body homeostasis and health. Adequate provision of one or a mixture of functional AAs or metabolites may be beneficial for ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle (e.g., fetal growth restriction, neonatal morbidity and mortality, weaning-associated intestinal dysfunction and wasting syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome, and infertility). Dietary supplementation of these nutrients can also optimize the efficiency of metabolic transformations to enhance muscle growth, milk production, and athletic performance, while preventing excess fat deposition and reducing adiposity. Therefore, functional AAs hold great promise in improving the growth, health, and well-being of individuals.

Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is the most comprehensive foundational text on the complex topics of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Edited by three leaders in the field with contributions from the most well-cited researchers conducting groundbreaking research in the field, the book covers how the genetic makeup influences the response to foods and nutrients and how nutrients affect gene expression. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is broken into four parts providing a valuable overview of genetics, nutrigenetics, and nutrigenomics, and a conclusion that helps to translate research into practice. With an overview of the background, evidence, challenges, and opportunities in the field, readers will come away with a strong understanding of how this new science is the frontier of medical nutrition. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is a valuable reference for students and researchers studying nutrition, genetics, medicine, and related fields. Uniquely foundational, comprehensive, and systematic approach with full evidence-based coverage of established and emerging topics in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics Includes a valuable guide to ethics for genetic testing for nutritional advice Chapters include definitions, methods, summaries, figures, and tables to help students, researchers, and faculty grasp key concepts Companion website includes slide decks, images, questions, and other teaching and learning aids designed to facilitate communication and comprehension of the content presented in the book

The field of functional foods along with their bioactive food components has grown tremendously over the past decades. Often guided by hypothesis-generating epidemiological observations, discoveries from basic science studies and controlled trials in humans have provided critical evidence to help establish an optimal diet that alleviates chronic disease risk. These advances have also driven efforts by the food and nutraceutical industries to establish and market health claims, formulate extra-value foods, and even generate new health foods for human benefit.Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Third Edition, compiles the data from experts in the field that potentiates the already established credibility of the earlier editions. In its three-section format, it provides an authoritative summary of the prophylactic and/or medicinal benefits of natural foods and their constituents that are linked to favorable health outcomes. Beginning with an overview of the field and associated regulations, each chapter describes the chemical properties, bioactivities, dietary sources, and evidence of these health-promoting dietary constituents.Features:• Summarizes plant- and animal-based functional foods and their bioactive components• New chapters on cannabidiol and scientific, legal, and regulatory considerations; green tea and nutraceutical applications; and herbal nutraceuticals and insulin resistance• Includes information on functional food beverages including coffee, green tea, and dairy milk• Discusses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of vitamin E, anthocyanins and other (poly)phenolic compounds, and carotenoids• Provides an update on the health benefits and requirements of protein and performance and therapeutic application and safety of creatine.

Cancer is a major global public health problem. Among different environmental and lifestyle factors contributing to cancer risk, diet is a key one. On the one hand, obesity and increased consumption of red and processed meat, ethanol, sugar and saturated fatty acids are associated with increased cancer risk. On the other hand, consumption of micronutrients such as vitamin D, selenium, zinc, folate and bioactive compounds from fruits and vegetables is associated with decreased risk. Written by an influential, international team of experts, this book presents and discusses current topics on nutrition and cancer prevention. It covers both nutritional influences on different cancers plus specific chapters on the commonly occurring cancers. Nutritional genomics-based studies show that some dietary components modulate carcinogenesis through complex cellular and molecular mechanisms. A better understanding of these different cellular and molecular mechanisms is needed to establish efficient dietary recommendations for cancer prevention. This book will provide such an understanding, serving as an important book for all those working in nutritional health, food science and cancer research.

This new volume, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, looks at a selection of important issues and research topics on phytochemicals in plant-based therapeutics, covering bioactive compounds from both plant and marine sources. Natural products and their bioactive compounds are increasingly utilized in preventive and therapeutic medication, as pharmaceutical supplements, as well as in functional foods and nutraceuticals, all of which have potentially positive effects on health and have preventive and curative properties for various diseases and health conditions. The first section of the book, on Bioactive Compounds from Plant Sources, describes the concept of extraction of bioactive molecules from plant sources, both conventional and modern extraction techniques, available sources, biochemistry, structural composition, and potential biological activities. Advanced extraction techniques, such as enzyme-assisted, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, pressurized liquid extraction, and super critical extraction techniques, are described in detail.

This multivolume reference work addresses the fact that the well being of humankind is predicated not only on individuals receiving adequate nutrition but also on their genetic makeup. The work includes more than 100 chapters organized in the following major sections: Introduction and Overview; Epigenetics of Organs and Diseases in Relation to Diet and Nutrition; Detailed Processes in Epigenetics of Diet and Nutrition; Modulating Epigenetics with Diet and Nutrition; and Practical Techniques. While it is well known that genes may encode proteins responsible for structural and dynamic components, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that nutrition itself may alter the way in which genes are expressed via the process of epigenetics. This is where chemically imposed alteration in the DNA sequence occurs or where the functional expression of DNA is modulated. This may include changes in DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, chromatin, histone acetylation or methylation, and genomic imprinting. Knowledge regarding the number of dietary components that impact on epigenetic processes is increasing almost daily. Marshalling all the information on the complex relationships between diet, nutrition, and epigenetic processes is somewhat difficult due to the wide myriad of material. It is for this reason that the present work has been compiled.

Global Perspectives on Childhood Obesity: Current Status, Consequences and Prevention, Second Edition examines the current childhood obesity epidemic, outlines the consequences of this crisis, and develops strategies to forestall and prevent it. This book provides a thorough investigation of the causes of childhood obesity and, more importantly, offers specific prevention strategies that can be used by medical and mental health professionals, policymakers, community organizers, and individuals. New chapters on BMI and cardiovascular disease, exercise, neurotransmitters, neurocognition, nutrigenomics and combined prevention strategies are included, making this a solid introduction on the childhood obesity crisis. Researchers, practitioners, and advanced students in public health, health policy, and health economics, as well those working in medicine, pharmacy, nutrition, school health, physiology, and neuroscience related to obesity will find this to be a comprehensive resource. - Covers the multifaceted factors contributing to the rapidly growing childhood obesity epidemic - Includes new chapters on BMI and cardiovascular disease, exercise, neurotransmitters, self-regulation, and prevention strategies - Examines strategies for childhood obesity prevention and treatment, such as physical activity and exercise, personalized nutrition plans, and school and community involvement

This unique work compiles the latest knowledge around veterinary nutraceuticals, commonly referred to as dietary supplements, from ingredients to final products in a single source. More than sixty chapters organized in seven sections collate all related aspects of nutraceutical research in animal health and disease, among them many novel topics: common nutraceutical ingredients (Section-I), prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, enzymes and antibacterial alternatives (Section-II), applications of nutraceuticals in prevention and treatment of various diseases such as arthritis, periodontitis, diabetes, cognitive dysfunctions, mastitis, wounds, immune disorders, and cancer (Section-III), utilization of nutraceuticals in specific animal species (Section-IV), safety and toxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals and functional foods (Section-V), recent trends in nutraceutical research and product development (Section-VI), as well as regulatory aspects for nutraceuticals (Section-VII). The future of nutraceuticals and functional foods in veterinary medicine seems bright, as novel nutraceuticals will emerge and new uses of old agents will be discovered. International contributors to this book cover a variety of specialties in veterinary medicine, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, toxicology, chemistry, medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, nutrition, drug development, regulatory frameworks, and the nutraceutical industry. This is a highly informative and carefully presented book, providing scientific insight for academia, veterinarians, governmental and regulatory agencies with an interest in animal nutrition, complementary veterinary medicine, nutraceutical product development and research.

This book illustrates the role of Mediterranean diet in connection with well-being and particularly its impact on health and elderly care, as well as on the mechanisms of aging. Aging is a natural process of human life. The knowledge that a healthy dietary regimen like the Mediterranean diet can effectively prevent or delay many diseases typically affecting aging people may help to better manage the aging process. From this point of view, knowledge of the numerous benefits of the Mediterranean-style diet may effectively promote better management of the burden of elderly care.As early as the 1950s, Ancel Keys pointed out the effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet in helping to control, and possibly avoid, myocardial infarction and/or cholesterol metabolism. Quite soon after the first studies were published, it became clear that the Mediterranean diet was beneficial not only in connection with cardiovascular disease but also many other diseases, from diabetesto hypertension, from cancer and thrombosis to neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia. Examining those benefits in detail, this book offers a valuable educational tool for young professionals and caregivers, as well as for students and trainees in Geriatrics and Nutrition.

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) is one of the most widely used in foods, herbal medicine and one of the extensively researched medicinal plants of the world. In traditional medicine licorice roots have been used against treating many ailments including lung diseases, arthritis, kidney diseases, eczema, heart diseases, gastric ulcer, low blood pressure, allergies, liver toxicity, and certain microbial infections. Licorice extract contains sugars, starch, bitters, resins, essential oils, tannins, inorganic salts and low levels of nitrogenous constituents such as proteins, individual amino acids, and nucleic acids. A large number of biologically active compounds have been isolated from Glycyrrhiza species, where triterpene, saponins and flavonoids are the main constitutes which show broad biological activities.The present book will discuss the botany, the commercial interests as well as the recent studies on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of licorice. It will also describe the side effects and toxicity of licorice and its bioactive components, an underrepresented subjects of importance.It will be the first book to present global perspectives of licorice in detail. It will serve as a carefully researched introduction for students, healthcare practitioners, botanists and plant biochemists; full of historical background and bridges the gap between botany, ecology, pharmacology, as well as treatment of diseases.

Animals are biological transformers of dietary matter and energy to produce high-quality foods and wools for human consumption and use. Mammals, birds, fish, and shrimp require nutrients to survive, grow, develop, and reproduce. As an interesting, dynamic, and challenging discipline in biological sciences, animal nutrition spans an immense range from chemistry, biochemistry, anatomy and physiology to reproduction, immunology, pathology, and cell biology. Thus, nutrition is a foundational subject in livestock, poultry and fish production, as well as the rearing and health of companion animals. This book entitled Principles of Animal Nutrition consists of 13 chapters. Recent advances in biochemistry, physiology and anatomy provide the foundation to understand how nutrients are utilized by ruminants and non-ruminants. The text begins with an overview of the physiological and biochemical bases of animal nutrition, followed by a detailed description of chemical properties of carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and amino acids. It advances to the coverage of the digestion, absorption, transport, and metabolism of macronutrients, energy, vitamins, and minerals in animals. To integrate the basic knowledge of nutrition with practical animal feeding, the book continues with discussion on nutritional requirements of animals for maintenance and production, as well as the regulation of food intake by animals. Finally, the book closes with feed additives, including those used to enhance animal growth and survival, improve feed efficiency for protein production, and replace feed antibiotics. While the classical and modern concepts of animal nutrition are emphasized throughout the book, every effort has been made to include the most recent progress in this ever-expanding field, so that readers in various biological disciplines can integrate biochemistry and physiology with nutrition, health, and disease in mammals, birds, and other animal species (e.g., fish and shrimp). All chapters clearly provide the essential literature related to the principles of animal nutrition, which should be useful for academic researchers, practitioners, beginners, and government policy makers. This book is an excellent reference for professionals and a comprehensive textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students in animal science, biochemistry, biomedicine, biology, food science, nutrition, veterinary medicine, and related fields.

Immunity and Inflammation in Health and Disease: Emerging Roles of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods in Immune Support provides a comprehensive description of the various pathways by which the vertebrate immune system works, the signals that trigger immune response and how fnew and novel nutraceuticals and functional foods, can be used to contain inflammation and also to boost immunity and immune health. Inflammation is a tool to fight pathogens and the vertebrate immune system has a very complex network of cells to achieve this. However inflammation that goes awry is also the leding cause of several diseases ranging from cardiovascular diseases to diabetes. This book covers the entire gamut from the various cellular players in the inflammation-immune response to its ramifications in terms of protection against pathogens as well as in onset of metabolic, aging and auto-immune related diseases. Finally, the balancing role of dietary nutrients between host defence and immune support is also showcased. The first three scetions explain the various components of the immune system and their modes of activation. The fourth section deals with the ramifications of a robust and execessive inflammatory response. The fifth section is focused on the association between nutrition and immunity and how deficiencies in certain nutrients may affect immunocompetence. The sixth section chapters represent a vision of paradigm shifts within the field and discusses possible future directions. This bool will be a valuable reference for researchers studying immune health either in academia, or in the nutraceutical or functional food industries. Product developers in nutraceutical, supplement, functional food, and health food companies will also appreciate the information presented here. - Conceptualizes the key features in natural products which can boost immune function and immune health - Explains the intricate mechanistic aspects and balance behind immune health - Presents the pathophysiology of several diseases associated with immune system disruption

Genomics and related areas of research have contributed greatly to the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying diet–disease relationships. In the past decade, the evidence has become stronger for a direct link between genome/epigenome damage and increased risk for adverse health outcomes. It is now exceedingly clear that micronutrients are critical as cofactors for many cellular functions, including DNA repair enzymes, methylation of CpG sequences, DNA oxidation, and/or uracil incorporation into DNA. Nutrigenomics and Nutraceuticals: Clinical Relevance and Disease Prevention brings new perspectives on disease prevention strategy based on the genomic knowledge and nutraceuticals of an individual and the diet he or she receives. This book discusses the integration and application of genetic and genomics technology into nutrition research and paves the way for the development of nutrition research programs that are aimed at the prevention and control of chronic disease through genomics-based nutritional interventions. In this book, the editors bring together a wide spectrum of nutritional scientists worldwide to contribute to the growing knowledge in the field of nutrigenomics and nutraceuticals.

The liver is the largest solid vital organ in mammals that supports other organ in the body in some facet. This book synthesizes all the primary and relevant metabolic information that one needs to review to understand the complex and diverse role of the liver in metabolism. With the current epidemic of metabolic diseases, it is of immediate importance to understand the contribution of the liver in health and its role in the development of impaired metabolic regulation. This book covers the many studies that have unmasked important roles that proteins expressed in the liver play in the development of or protection from metabolic diseases. One of the major metabolic functions of the liver is to carry out de novo lipogenesis, which is the metabolic pathway that allows the conversion of excess carbohydrates into fatty acids. The process of de novo lipogenesis is covered in depth within this volume. The book is an important contribution to the vast literature and ongoing research on liver function.

This issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Sethu K. Reddy, is devoted to Diabetes. Articles in this issue include: Approach to Multicultural Issues in Diabetes; Clinical Utility of Genetic Testing in T2DM; Utility of CGM - Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Islet Cell Transplantation; Use of Telemedicine; Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis; Microbiome: Role in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Population Management and Diabetes; Pre-diabetes; Metformin: What do we know?; Insulin: Making Sense of Current Options; Nutrition in Diabetes; Bariatric Surgery: Pathophysiology and Outcomes; Future Therapies in Diabetes; Lipodystrophic Syndromes; and In-patient Diabetes Management in the 21st Century.

It is a well-known fact that children's growth depends on the quality of their nutrition. However, the mechanisms of fetal and child growth and their interactions with nutrition have not yet been fully elucidated and still pose a challenge to those engaged in the field. Exchanging concepts and knowledge among professionals of various disciplines thus remains very important. This second'Yearbook'provides an update on the research published between 2013 and 2015. An international team of experts presents papers that shed light on the mechanisms of interaction between nutrition and growth, and provide insight to the readers. Each paper is briefly summarized and supplemented with editorial comments which evaluate the clinical importance of each article and discuss its application.This'Yearbook'is an important tool for practicing physicians, including pediatricians, subspecialists in pediatric gastroenterology, metabolism and nutrition, and endocrinology. Nutritionists and dieticians, as well as other health professionals involved in the care of children, will also find this to be a useful resource.

This comprehensive volume focuses on anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals and their role in various chronic diseases. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs such as steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), statins and metformin have been shown to modulate inflammatory pathways, but their long-term intake has been associated with numerous side effects. This means that there is enormous potential for dietary agents that can modulate inflammatory pathways in humans. Leading experts describe the latest research on the role of anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals in preventing and treating chronic diseases.

This volume argues for the importance of essential nutrients in our diet. Over the last two decades there has been an explosion of research on the relationship of Omega-3 fatty acids and the importance of antioxidants to human health. Expert authors discuss the importance of a diet rich in Omega-3 Fatty acids for successful human growth and development and for the prevention of disease. Chapters highlight their contribution to the prevention and amelioration of a wide range of conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, obesity, mental health and bone health. An indispensable text designed for nutritionists, dietitians, clinicians and health related professionals, Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Keys to Nutritional Health presents a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge about the nutritional effects of Omega-3 fatty acids and their delivery in foods.

The role of green coffee bean (GCB) in human health is of emerging interest to the nutraceutical field, especially given its role in improving metabolic syndrome, including weight management, hypertension, diabetes, and neuroprotection. GCB extract contains a novel antioxidant known as chlorogenic acid (also caffeoylquinic acid), which has been shown to positively affect blood pressure, brain health, diabetes, and weight management. This book provides information on the diverse health benefits of green coffee bean extract, molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, safety of GCB, dosage, and recommended usage. It focuses on the chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, and safety of GCB extract.GCB extract has brought a remarkable revolution in the nutraceutical marketplace. However, some controversies have been demonstrated recently. This book presents the state-of-the-art research studies from eminent scientists around the world on the potential and diversified health benefits of GCB extracts, with particular emphasis placed on the importance to standardize the appropriate extraction technology, quality control and assurance, and broad spectrum safety studies and human clinical studies to substantiate the regulatory claims and position the product in the marketplace.

Second comprehensive volume focuses on anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals and their role in prevention and therapy of various chronic diseases. Food and drug administration (FDA) approved drugs such as steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), statins and metformin have been shown to modulate inflammatory pathways, but their long-term intake has been associated with numerous side effects. Thus dietary agents which can modulate inflammatory pathways in humans, are likely to exhibit enormous potential. Leading experts describe the latest results of anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals and their role in prevention and therapy of various chronic diseases.

This is the first volume in a 2-volume compendium that is the go-to source for both research- and practice-oriented information on the importance of branched chain amino acids in maintaining the nutritional status and overall health of individuals, especially those with certain disease conditions. Over 150 well recognized and respected contributors have come together to compile these up-to-date and well-referenced works. The volumes will serve the reader as the benchmarks in this complex area of interrelationships between dietary protein intakes and individual amino acid supplementation, the unique role of the branched chain amino acids in the synthesis of brain neurotransmitters, collagen formation, insulin and glucose modulation and the functioning of all organ systems that are involved in the maintenance of the body's metabolic integrity. Moreover, the physiological, genetic and pathological interactions between plasma levels of branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids are clearly delineated so that students as well as practitioners can better understand the complexities of these interactions.Branched Chain Amino Acids in Clinical Nutrition: Volume 1 covers basic processes at the cellular level, inherited defects in branched chain amino acid metabolism, and experimental models of growth and disease states.

This newly expanded and updated fifth edition will be the largest and most comprehensive of the five editions and new topics and chapter authors have been added. The authors have created the most comprehensive and up-to-date review of the nutritional strategies available for the prevention of disease and the promotion of health through nutrition. Patients are looking for credible information from their health care providers about a whole range of subjects covered here, including ß-carotene, lycopene, antioxidants, folate, and the myriad of bioactive phytochemicals found in garlic and other foods. With sections on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and pregnancy among many others, this volume will be of great value to practicing health professionals, including physicians, nutritionists, dentists, pharmacists, dieticians, health educators, policy makers, health economists, regulatory agencies and research investigators. An entire section covers nutrition transitions around the world including Eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia as well as goals for preventive nutrition in developing countries. Preventive Nutrition: The Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals, 5th Ed. is an important resource for thousands of health professionals who have been utilizing the previous editions since 1997.

The field of adipose tissue biology has been expanding at a very rapid pace in the last few years. Numerous advances have been made since publication of the first edition of this book, in terms of basic adipocyte biology, understanding of the determinants of obesity, distribution of body fat and weight loss, as well as the mechanisms linking excess adiposity to various co-morbidities. Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease, Second Edition contains updated chapters from the previous volume but as the field has evolved, some areas covered in the first edition have been refocused to address the new knowledge. The volume is divided in four sections: the first two deal with basic adipose tissue and adipokine biology, while the last two address the problem of obesity and alterations in adipose tissue function from an epidemiological and clinical standpoint. The chapters are written by experts in their fields and include the most up to date scientific information. Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease, Second Edition is a useful resource for physicians interested in adipose tissue biology and basic scientists who want to know more about applied aspects of the field. The book targets endocrinologists, residents and fellows, internists, nutritionists and general practitioners who are exposed to an ever-expanding obese population.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of metabonomics and gut microbiota research from molecular analysis to population-based global health considerations. The topics include the discussion of the applications in relation to metabonomics and gut microbiota in nutritional research, in health and disease and a review of future therapeutical, nutraceutical and clinical applications. It also examines the translatability of systems biology approaches into applied clinical research and to patient health and nutrition.The rise in multifactorial disorders, the lack of understanding of the molecular processes at play and the needs for disease prediction in asymptomatic conditions are some of the many questions that system biology approaches are well suited to address. Achieving this goal lies in our ability to model and understand the complex web of interactions between genetics, metabolism, environmental factors and gut microbiota. Being the most densely populated microbial ecosystem on earth, gut microbiota co-evolved as a key component of human biology, essentially extending the physiological definition of humans.Major advances in microbiome research have shown that the contribution of the intestinal microbiota to the overall health status of the host has been so far underestimated. Human host gut microbial interaction is one of the most significant human health considerations of the present day with relevance for both prevention of disease via microbiota-oriented environmental protection as well as strategies for new therapeutic approaches using microbiota as targets and/or biomarkers. In many aspects, humans are not a complete and fully healthy organism without their appropriate microbiological components. Increasingly, scientific evidence identifies gut microbiota as a key biological interface between human genetics and environmental conditions encompassing nutrition. Microbiota dysbiosis or variation in metabolic activity has been associated with metabolic deregulation (e.g. obesity, inflammatory bowel disease), disease risk factor (e.g. coronary heart disease) and even the aetiology of various pathologies (e.g. autism, cancer), although causal role into impaired metabolism still needs to be established.Metabonomics and Gut Microbiota in Nutrition and Disease serves as a handbook for postgraduate students, researchers in life sciences or health sciences, scientists in academic and industrial environments working in application areas as diverse as health, disease, nutrition, microbial research and human clinical medicine.

Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants. Dietary phenolics are not only classified as human nutrients, but also play important roles in human health and are therefore called nutraceuticals. Both epidemiological studies and controlled human studies have shown that regular intakes of diets rich in phenolics are inversely related to some chronic diseases such as certain cancers and coronary heart diseases. Types and contents of phenolics in different food system vary greatly and foods of plant origin including fruits, vegetables, legumes and some beverages are good sources of bioactive phenolics. Beside the edible part of plant foods, some agricultural by-products usually contain higher levels of polyphenols, particularly, flavonoids than products themselves. This book describes the major classes of dietary phenolics, and their occurrence in the commercially important agricultural by-products including peanuts skin, grape pomace, apples pomace, citrus processing by-products, and cranberry pomace. It also discusses agricultural by-products as importatn food sources of polyphenols; the role of polyphenols in the prevention of ultraviolet light induced inflammation and immunosuppression; yerba mate; the Mediterranean diet; bioactive compounds from different food sources; industrial apple pomace; the role of polyphenols in human diseases; preservative and antioxigenic activities of phenolic compounds; the influence of extraction methods on the stability of polyphenols; and bioactivity of polyphenolic rich functional foods and nutraceuticals from the tropical island of Mauritius.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.The field of clinical nutrition as a whole seeks to consider the nutrition of patients within the healthcare system, paying attention to the interactions between diet, nutrition, and disease. To that end, this book discusses nutrition as both a contributing and managing factor in relation to dise

Amino acid biochemistry and nutrition spans a broad range of fields including biochemistry, metabolism, physiology, immunology, reproduction, pathology, and cell biology. In the last half-century, there have been many conceptual and technical advancements, from analysis of amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry

Over the last several years developing human research suggests that a component of omega-3 fatty acids, long chain ones, contribute particularly to health benefits. Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids: Functions, Sustainability Strategies and Perspectives focuses on developing information on this newly recognized key component. This volume uniquely, and for the first time, focuses on sustainability of natural sources of omega-3 fatty acids variants including long chain ones, and on ways to increase their use and availability to reduce major diseases. The authors review cardiovascular disease, neurological changes and mental health and other diseases like diabetes where long chain omega-3 fatty acids play protective roles from recent human trials. Each chapter evaluates developing information on the possible mechanistic role of long chain omega-3 fatty acids. After showing their requirement and involvement in health promotion there are reviews of various sources and ways to protect and promote them. Authors provide support for the benefits and sources of long chain omega-3 fatty acids and their increased dietary intake that reduce various physical and mental illnesses. Omega-6/3 Fatty Acids: Functions, Sustainability and Perspectives is a unique and important new volume that provides the latest data and reviews to physicians who need to assess serum omega-6/3 and fatty acids to help diagnose risks and change diets and to inform industry and the scientific community with reviews of research for actions including new studies and therapies.

Chronic alcohol use is associated with heart, liver, brain, and other organ pathology. Alcohol is a drug of abuse and a caloric food and it causes poor intake and absorption of nutrients, thus playing a major role in many aspects of clinical consequences. Alcohol use lowers consumption of fruit and vegetables, lowers tissue nutrients, and, in some cases, requires nutritional therapy by clinicians. Alcohol, Nutrition, and Health Consequences will help the clinician define the causes and types of nutritional changes due to alcohol use and also explain how nutrition can be used to ameliorate its consequences. Chapters present the application of current nutritional knowledge by physicians and dietitians. Specific areas involving alcohol-related damage due to nutritional changes are reviewed, including heart disease, obesity, digestive tract cancers, lactation, brain function, and liver disease. In addition, alcohol's effects on absorption of minerals and nutrients, a key role in causing damage are treated. The importance of diet in modifying alcohol and its metabolite damage is also explained. Alcohol, Nutrition, and Health Consequences is essential reading for alcohol therapists and researchers as well as primary care physicians and dietitians and is an easy reference to help the clinician, student, and dietitian comprehend the complex changes caused by direct and indirect effects of ethanol at the cellular level via its nutritional modification.

The constellation of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia within an individual, is referred to as metabolic syndrome (MetS), and is increasing in prevalence in the United States and worldwide. Patients with MetS have a heightened probability of developing type 2 diabetes and atherothromotic disease. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the classification, risk factors and health impact of metabolic syndrome. Topics include the pathophysiological changes to the vasculature and inflammation within the skeletal muscle that accompany MetS; metabolic syndrome in children; role of triglyceride modifier genetic variants in the development of MetS; subclinical atherosclerosis and risk of stroke in metabolic syndrome; nuclear receptors and MetS; vascular repair by endothelial progenitor cells in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome; chromium mediations of glucose tolerance; and sleep disturbances and glucose variability.

This new book presents current research in the study of the metabolism, disease risks and public awareness of saturated fats. Topics discussed include the epidemiological evidence and dietary intervention studies regarding the relationship of fats, carbohydrates and risk of coronary heart disease; the modulation of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) effects by saturated fats; effects of short and long-term saturated fat-enriched diet on the ceramide and neutral lipids accumulation in the insulin responsive tissues of rats and fatty acids and immune system functions.

Dyslipidemia is an abnormal amount of lipids in the blood. In this book, the authors present topical research on the causes, diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia. Topics discussed include fish proteins for coronary artery disease; qualitative and quantitative characteristics of low-density and endothelial lipase and its role in the metabolism of HDL-cholesterol.

Fructose is a carbohydrate found in plants and humans. It was isolated in 1947 from sugar cane, where it is a component of sucrose. In this book, the authors discuss the synthesis, functions and health implications of fructose. Topics include high-fructose consumption and metabolic disease; detrimental neuroendocrine and metabolic effects of fructose during peri-natal and adult periods; fructose and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; and fructose ingestion effects on brain functions.

Dietary sugars are known to have medical implications for humans from causing dental caries to obesity. This book aims to put dietary sugars in context and includes the chemistry of several typical subclasses eg glucose, galactose and maltose. Modern techniques of analysis of the dietary sugars are covered in detail including self monitoring and uses of biosensors. The final section of the book details the function and effects of dietary sugars and includes chapters on obesity, intestinal transport, aging, liver function, diet of young children and intolerance and more. Written by an expert team and delivering high quality information, this book provides a fascinating insight into this area of health and nutritional science. It bridges scientific disciplines so that the information is more meaningful and applicable to health in general. Part of a series of books, it is specifically designed for chemists, analytical scientists, forensic scientists, food scientists, dieticians and health care workers, nutritionists, toxicologists and research academics. Due to its interdisciplinary nature it could also be suitable for lecturers and teachers in food and nutritional sciences and as a college or university library reference guide.

The Nutrition and Health series of books have had great success because each volume has the consistent overriding mission of providing health professionals with texts that are essential because each includes (1) a synthesis of the state of the science, (2) timely, in-depth reviews by the leading researchers in their respective?elds, (3) extensive, up-to-date fully annotated ref- ence lists, (4) a detailed index, (5) relevant tables and?gures, (6) identi?cation of paradigm shifts and the consequences, (7) virtually no overlap of information between chapters, but targeted, inter-chapter referrals, (8) suggestions of areas for future research, and (9) balanced, data-driven answers to patient as well as health professionals questions which are based upon the totality of evidence rather than the?ndings of any single study. The series volumes are not the outcome of a symposium. Rather, each editor has the potential to examine a chosen area with a broad perspective, both in subject matter and in the choice of chapter authors. The editor(s), whose training(s) is (are) both research and practice oriented, has(ve) the opportunity to develop a primary objective for their book, de?ne the scope and focus, and then invite the leading authorities to be part of their initiative. The authors are encouraged to provide an overview of the?eld, discuss their own research, and relate the research?ndings to potential human health consequences.

Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements presents peer-reviewed, objective entries that rigorously examine the most significant scientific research on basic chemical, preclinical, and clinical data. Designed for healthcare professionals, researchers, and health-conscious consumers, it presents evidence-based information on the major vitamin and mineral micronutrients, herbs, botanicals, phytochemicals, and other bioactive preparations.Supplements covered include: Vitamins, beta-carotene, niacin, and folate Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, isoflavones, and quercetin Calcium, copper, iron, and phosphorus 5-hydroxytryptophan, glutamine, and L-arginine St. John's Wort, ginkgo biloba, green tea, kava, and noni Androstenedione, DHEA, and melatonin Coenzyme Q10 and S-adenosylmethionine Shiitake, maitake, reishi, and cordiceps With nearly 100 entries contributed by renowned subject-specific experts, the book serves as a scientific checkpoint for the many OTC supplements carried in today's nutritional products marketplace.Also Available OnlineThis Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format optionsContact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages.US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) e-reference@taylorandfrancis.comInternational: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) online.sales@tandf.co.uk

Dietary fibre research is rapidly evolving and is stimulated by the growing attention for intestinal health which is needed for combating major disorders such as diabetes, cardio-vascular diseases and obesity. Current research also explores relationships between fibres, the immune system and stress. The recently agreed EU and CODEX definitions for dietary fibre - including all polymeric carbohydrates not digested in the small intestine - provide both clarity and new challenges regarding adequate analysis and concerning the requirements for added fibre. Added fibre should have'a physical effect of benefit to health as demonstrated by generally accepted scientific evidence to competent authorities'. Novel research tools from genomics toolboxes and advanced systems simulating the gastro-intestinal tract, are enabling researchers to obtain insights in the wide range of structure function relationships of different types of dietary fibre. These include the impact of dietary fibre on the gut microbiota and relationships between prebiotics and peptides involved in regulation of satiety and other functions. New technologies steadily increase the range of fibres, with and without anti-oxidants and other beneficial co-passengers, which are available to food processors. Dietary fibre - new frontiers for food and health covers the most up-to-date research available on dietary fibre and will be an indispensable tool for all scientists and technologists involved in research and development in this field.