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This book presents the latest information on the biomolecules derived from the coconut and their prominent roles in human well-being. The various parts of the coconut (fruit, kernel, nut water, floral sap, etc.) are packed with a wide range of nutrients, namely health-promoting lauric acid and wellness-providing phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant-rich molecules. Incisive perspectives on various primary and secondary products of the coconut namely coconut kernel, milk, coconut water, coconut oil and virgin coconut oil, coconut inflorescence sap (neera), coconut blossom sugar and its diverse food products form the core of this collection. The potential of the coconut as a powerhouse of the repertoire of nutraceutical products and its implications for human nutrition are also discussed. Finally, a chapter discusses the global trade potential of coconut and coconut products in the wake of their ever-increasing global demand. The authors are experts who have contributed to the field of nutritional profiling of coconut. This volume will serve as a reference for researchers in the fields of plant and human nutrition interface, palm-based food products, and students who wish to learn about palm nutrition and its impact on human well-being.

Oxidative stress plays a prominent role in the development of numerous human diseases associated with animal-based protein, high-carbohydrate diets and excessive fat consumption. Obesity represents the main risk factor for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes. Extensive research highlights the detrimental impacts of diets high in saturated fat and refined carbohydrates. Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity are attributed to the sedentary lifestyles, overconsumption of foods high in saturated fats and carbohydrates, and the saturation of nutrient storage. Indeed, the effects of oxidative stress are associated with the absolute quantity and the type of macronutrients; both of these aspects contribute to oxidative stress and may favor the development of obesity-associated diseases and obesity. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms of nutritionally mediated oxidative stress are complex and poorly understood. The literature reported on nutritionally mediated oxidative stress and the role of diets in oxidative stress-induced diseases has not well been compiled in a singular source. “Nutrients and Oxidative Stress: Biochemistry Aspects and Pharmacological Insights” explores how dietary choices dampen or exacerbate inflammation and oxidative stress. The implications of oxidative stress in glucose metabolism and adipocyte and obesity-associated non-communicable diseases are also discussed in this brief. Several issues linked to nutritionally mediated oxidative stress, including high carbohydrates, high animal-based proteins, and excessive consumption of fats and oxidative stress, and molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced diseases are covered. The role of diets in oxidative stress-induced diseases is also discussed. By summarizing all the literature in one place, this work provides a cohesive representation of the information and practical reference on the underlying mechanisms of nutritionally mediated oxidative stress involved in the prevention of chronic diseases. The work provides a better understanding of the nutritionally mediated oxidative stress and the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress in the development of chronic diseases and obesity.

​Nutraceuticals are defined as any food bioactive compounds or supplements which provide health and medicinal benefits, usually in the prevention of disease and sometimes playing a role in their treatment as well. Nutraceuticals are a combination of a variety of nutrients ranging from vitamins and minerals to certain amino acids. Nutrients are an essential part of the diet and serve a variety of roles in human physiology through various enzymes which govern biocatalysis in various metabolic pathways including tissue and DNA repair and body defense and immunity. Nutrients that are routinely prescribed as dietary supplements include multivitamins, minerals and certain specific amino acids. Nutraceuticals not only serve a pivotal role in tissue repair and body defense mechanism but also play a crucial role in various signal transduction and metabolic pathways. The deficiency of any crucial nutrient can negatively affect metabolic and transduction pathways which can lead toa variety of diseases and disorders. The preventive use of nutraceuticals is a promising new trend for a variety of diseases and disorders. Nutraceuticals: A New Millennium Approach for Preventive Medicine focuses on the preventive use of nutraceuticals to avoid various diseases and disorders. The chapters cover nutrients and human physiology, metabolism and xenobiotics, plus their use in the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases and disorders from cancer to cardiovascular disorders to diabetes and renal diseases. Further chapters study the role nutraceuticals play in the treatment of depression and mental illnesses, neurogenerative diseases and autoimmune diseases. The relationship between nutrients and suboptimal health is explored as are links between nutrition and infertility. As these food supplements continue to gain in popularity with consumers, it is increasingly important to understand their benefits and limitations in the prevention and treatment of various diseases and disorders, and this book offers a fully up-to-date snapshot for researchers.

In den aktuellen Diskursen um die Transformation des Ernährungssystems sind Werte omnipräsent. Jedoch werden sie dabei nicht immer ausdrücklich kenntlich gemacht. Häufig kommt es zu Be- und Abwertungen von Handlungen und Denkweisen, teils unter Heranziehung dichotomer Ernährungsnormen. Doch die Transformation bedingt einen konsensuell getragenen Wertewandel, der u. a. über Empathie und Mäßigung Lösungswege ebnet und das Wohlergehen aller adressiert. Dafür sind objektive Beobachtungen ohne normative Direktiven notwendig. Die Intention des vorliegenden Textes war daher die Auseinandersetzung mit verschiedenen Konzeptionen von Werten unterschiedlicher Disziplinen, um Reichweiten und Grenzen verschiedener Auffassungen im Ernährungskontext zu erörtern. Zur Information: Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch.

This book is focused on the production, cultivation, processing, composition, nutritional value, value addition, health implications, limitations and safety of nutricereals with an emphasis on their functional significance. With changing food habits and increasing health concerns, consumers around the world are opting for a more nutritious diet than that was consumed until recently. Nutricereals are now becoming a food of choice for many and newer products are being developed using them. Thus, a better understanding of these valuable crops is becoming essential. Researchers and scientists around the world have now turned their attention to nutricereals as a cheaper and most important solution to nutritional deficiencies. Processing of these cereals is matter of advanced research in recent times to make it suitable and palatable for human consumption and taste, and hence high emphasis is given on processing and value addition of these cereals. A comprehensive account of these important aspects is highly required. The book covers specific aspects of the nutricereals of consumption pattern and acceptance and the cultivation practices and health benefits associated with their consumption. Considerations on processing, value addition and safety associated with various nutricereals and current and future challenges and the opportunities for its utilization are highlighted in the book. This book forms an important resource on nutricereals for food technologists and food scientists.

The growing attention for healthy eating, intestinal health, combating major disorders such as obesity and diabetes and prevention of cardio-vascular diseases and cancer, has resulted in an increased output of R&D on dietary fibre and related carbohydrates. In recent years, hundreds of new products have been launched annually with claims regarding their fibre content. Existing and new fibres are also increasingly incorporated in products for specific target groups, such as babies, farm animals, pets and for clinical nutrition. New research tools and insights are enabling researchers to obtain a much better insight in the mechanisms of action of bio-active carbohydrates. These include new analytical methods, model systems to measure the impact of fibre on processes in the gastro-intestinal tract and the identification and measurement of new biomarkers, for example markers related to satiety. These insights and tools, will significantly contribute to R&D on ingredients and products aiming at imparting significant health benefits. In this book invited expert scientists of leading research groups all over the world will address the following issues: Definitions, health claims and new challenges, Analytical tools, technological aspects and applications, Health Benefits of dietary fibre, including both authoritative generic reviews and papers describing the impact on health of specific types of fibre and Health aspects for target groups, with broad overviews on issues related to dietary fibre in clinical nutrition and in food for pets. Dietary fibre: bio-active carbohydrates for food and feed will therefore cover the most up-to-date research available on dietary fibre and will be an indispensable tool for all scientists involved in research and development in this field.

This edited book provides an overview of existing and emerging gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) based methods for the authentication and fraud detection in all major food groups and beverages. Split in four parts, the book opens with a comprehensive introduction into the GC/MS technique and a summary of relevant statistical and mathematical models for data analysis. The main parts focus on the authentication of the main food groups (cereals, dairy products, fruit, meat, etc.) and beverages (e.g., coffee, tea, wine and beer). The chapters in these sections follow a distinct structure describing the nutritional value of the product, common fraud practices, economic implications and relevant biomarkers for the authentication process, such as volatile compounds, fatty acids, amino acids, isotope ratios etc. The final chapter provides an outlook on where the methodologies and the applications may be heading for. Food fraud is serious problem that affects foodindustries of all kinds, which is why food authentication plays an increasingly important role. This book aims to serve as a knowledge base for all researchers in academia, regulatory laboratories and industry employing GC/MS for food analysis. Due to its comprehensive introduction and consistent structure, it can also serve as an excellent resource for students in food science, food technology, food chemistry and nutrition.

The debate on health, nutrition and food security could not have arisen at a more opportune time. The recent pandemic has given rise to increased food and nutrition insecurity for individuals, families, and communities. The crisis threatened the food security and nutrition of millions of people, many of whom were already suffering. We face possible disruptions to the functioning of food systems, with severe consequences for health and nutrition. Pandemics create a greater burden for poorer countries and countries since they are already pressure of inadequate food supplies. With concerted action, we can not only avoid some of the worst impacts but do so in a way that supports a transition to more sustainable food systems that are in better balance with nature and that support healthy diets – and thus better health prospects for all. This book aims to highlight the impact of pandemics in food systems and nutrition security. It draws on the experience from the past and present pandemics to better prepare the world for future crises.

This book presents the proceedings of the 10th Central European Congress on Food (CEFood), held on June 11-13, 2020, in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It reports on recent advances in the area of food science and food technology, and is divided into 5 major topical sections: food analysis, food energy systems, food trends and competitiveness, food and feed chain management, and modern challenges. Offering a timely snapshot of cutting-edge, multidisciplinary research and developments in modern food science and technology, these proceedings facilitate the transfer of these findings to industry. As such, the book will appeal to researchers and professionals in the food and agricultural industries, as well as those at regulatory and food safety agencies.

Lebensmittel sind Mittel zum Leben. Die Art und Weise ihrer Erzeugung betrifft uns alle. Weitgehend unbemerkt von der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung hat sich in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten ein System der Agrar- und Ernährungsindustrie entwickelt, das uns mit einer Fülle von Nahrungsmitteln mit zu niedrigen Preisen versorgt.Die unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen und externen Kosten dieses Systems wurden jedoch lange Zeit ausgeblendet. Enorme Umwelt- und Klimabelastungen, Verlust der Biodiversität, tierschutzrelevante Missstände und ein anhaltendes Hofsterben beschreiben nur unzulänglich das wahre Ausmaß an Schadwirkungen. Im Interesse des Gemeinwohls können diese nicht länger hingenommen werden. Allerdings stehen die Komplexität der Sachverhalte und vielfältige Partikularinteressen einfachen Lösungen entgegen.Dieses Fachbuch liefert eine umfassende systemische Analyse aus sehr unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und erläutert, wie es zu dieser Entwicklung hat kommen können. Es wird aufgezeigt, welche grundlegenden Veränderungen in allen Bereichen erforderlich sind, um über eine evidenzbasierte Qualitätserzeugung einen Ausweg aus dem zerstörerischen Streben nach Kostenminimierung zu finden. Fachkräfte der Agrar- und Ernährungsindustrie und der involvierten wissenschaftlichen Fachdisziplinen, einschließlich der Veterinärmedizin, sowie Entscheidungsträger in politischen Institutionen, Berufsverbänden und NGOs können dieses Wissen für eine zukunftsfähige Neugestaltung des Lebensmittelsektors nutzen.

We regularly find ourselves in food environments that promote the consumption of high fat and sugary foods rather than encouraging us to eat more fruit and vegetables. However, because of increased media attention, people are becoming more interested in alternative approaches to improving the many food-related decisions we make daily. Transforming Food Environments features evidence from several disciplines exploring initiatives that have improved food environments and discusses the importance of achieving success in equitable and sustainable ways. The book presents information on diverse food environments followed by methods that help readers become aware of the design of interventions and food policies. It covers food environments in schools, workplaces, and community centres as well as fast food establishments and food marketing. The book presents methods to help encourage better food choices and purchase of healthier foods. It explores persuasion tactics used by health professionals such as changing availability and/or price, using nudging techniques, and food labelling. Led by Editor Charlotte Evans, Associate Professor of Nutritional Epidemiology and Public Health Nutrition at the University of Leeds; and written by an international range of authors from countries including the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and the United Kingdom, this multidisciplinary book appeals to students, researchers, public health professionals and policy makers. It also raises awareness and provides a comprehensive treatment of the importance of our environments on food choice.

Vitamin D kann in der Haut durch die UV-B-Strahlung der Sonne gebildet sowie über bestimmte Lebensmittel und Supplemente zugeführt werden. Die aktive Vitamin-D-Form ist ein Steroidhormon mit Wirkungen in einer Vielzahl von Geweben. Ein Vitamin-D-Mangel ist in Deutschland weit verbreitet. Es gibt eine Reihe von Risikogruppen, vor allem aufgrund unzureichender kutaner Synthese. Neben den klassischen Vitamin-D-Mangelerkrankungen Rachitis und Osteomalazie ist ein Vitamin- D-Mangel vermutlich auch ein Risikofaktor für verschiedene weit verbreitete chronische Erkrankungen sowie für eine verkürzte Lebenserwartung. Zur Verbesserung der Vitamin-D-Versorgung der Bevölkerung sind umfangreichere Anreicherungsmaßnahmen von Lebensmitteln sowie eine stärkere Verwendung von Supplementen zu fordern.

This book summarizes recent advances in the chemistry, bioactivity, nutrition, and functional aspects of dietary phytochemicals, as well as the health and functional aspects of foods rich in phytochemicals. Consisting of forty-four chapters, it discusses the different chemical types of phytochemicals in our diets and food and presents data collected from animal or human experiments that are directly related to human health. Each chapter covers the chemistry, epidemiological study, bioavailability, bioactivity (animal experiments) function in humans and safety, as well as products on the market. Moreover, the more than 200 figures make it easy to grasp the main findings in each area.

This book explores the traditional use of Ilex paraguariensis, a plant that is widely distributed in South America. Thanks to its purported properties, it has been used for centuries in the form of teas with a variety of names, including: ‘yerba mate'(Argentina), ‘chimarrão'(Brazil), and others. Ilex paraguariensis and its teas (also referred to as ‘mate teas') are well known because of their alleged pharmacological effects in numerous common conditions, including obesity, osteoporosis, constipation, arthritis, and hypertension. These effects are generally ascribed to yerba mate teas because the botanical species contains bioactive and stimulating substances like caffeine (originally dubbed ‘mateine'), various alkaloids, and several phenolic acids. Interestingly, the chemical profiles of these teas can fluctuate over time, creating serious production problems. As a result, it is difficult to reliably determine their safety and health effects on humans. In response to the global interest in these products, this book offers a reference guide to ‘yerba mate'/‘chimarrão'teas. It analyzes their chemical profiles, discusses their bioactive features, and addresses their safety and health effects. In addition, since the cultural heritage of yerba mate has greatly contributed to its international success, the book also provides information on its historical legacy, regulatory aspects, and the global market.

This book outlines the evolution of food traceability matters in the current traditional foods market and particularly with regard to selected historical foods based in Jordan.At present, traceability is just one of the many requirements the food industry is forced to meet. The topic can be approached from various angles: regulation, technological perspectives, food business operators, packaging manufacturers, software producers, and consumer views. In addition, traceable food products provide an interesting legacy for many geographical and ethnic cultures. Consequently, the examination of certain recipes or food products linked with history and traditions can make a unique and valuable contribution to future developments in this area.In this regard, Jordanian foods offer a prime example. This book examines three traditional products from different viewpoints, paying special attention to their chemical composition, the identification of raw materials, preparation procedures, and traceability. The book begins with a more general discussion on food traceability without detailed regional implications, while the second chapter discusses the product hummus in its many versions. In turn, the third and fourth chapters focus on two fermented dairy products, labaneh and jameed, and their connections with the Mediterranean diet. The book offers a valuable reference guide to many traditional/historical products in the Middle East, with a particular focus on traceability matters and solutions.

This book provides an overview of various traditional Middle Eastern food products and beverages and investigates their chemical, microbial and physical profiles. The authors selected 5 traditional Jordanian products that represent the region's historical foods and beverages and examined them with a focus on their chemical composition and preparation, as well as features such as food safety and quality management. The first chapter provides a general introduction to traditional foods in Jordan. Subsequent chapters then shed light on specific product classes, including Shaneenah, a popular fermented dairy drink; Mujaddara and Rashoof, two products based on lentils; Kebab products; soft cheese; and Muhallabiaah, a traditional milk pudding. This book offers a valuable reference guide to many traditional/historical products in the Middle East, and due to region's historical influence on the Mediterranean diet, it is also of interest to researchers in southern Europe.

Insekten essen - wieso das denn? Die Antwort lautet: Weil sie eine proteinreiche Nahrung sind, deren Produktion obendrein umwelt- und klimafreundlich ist und weil es die halbe Welt macht. In der EU sind Lebensmittel mit Insekten mittlerweile zugelassen, der Landeanflug auf die Regale der Supermärkte hat begonnen. Das Buch des Ernährungswissenschaftlers Florian J. Schweigert über ein Nahrungsmittel der Zukunft steckt voller Wissen über historische und exotische Essgewohnheiten, über die Herstellung von Honig, über das Leben der Insekten und ihre Verwendung in der Heilkunde. Und am Schluss gibt es sogar einige bewährte Rezepte - mit Insekten.

This book reviews the authenticity of certain Street Food specialties from the viewpoint of food chemists. At present, the food market clearly shows the predominance of fast-food operators in many Western countries. However, the concomitant presence of the traditional lifestyle model known as the Mediterranean Diet in Europe has also been increasingly adopted in many countries, in some cases with unforeseen effects such as offering Mediterranean-like foods for out-of-home consumption. This commercial strategy also includes the so-called Street Food, which is marketed as a variation on Mediterranean foods. One of the best known versions of Street Food products can be found in Sicily, Italy, and particularly in its largest city, Palermo. Because of certain authenticity issues, the Italian National Council of Research Chemists has issued four procedural guidelines for various Palermo specialties with the aim of attaining the traditional specialty guaranteed status in accordance with European Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012. The first chapter of the book provides a brief introduction to the general concept of Street Foods. The remaining four chapters describe four food specialties – Arancina, Sfincionello, Pane ca meusa, and Pane e panelle – typically produced in Palermo, with particular reference to their chemical composition, identification of raw materials from a chemical viewpoint, permissible cooking and preparation procedures (with chemical explanations), preservation, and storage. The book offers a unique guide to Street Food authenticity, and can also serve as a reference work for other traditional/historical products.

This Reference Work provides a comprehensive overview of bioactive compounds found in underutilized fruits and nuts around the world and it elucidates their pharmacological, biological and health effects. In this book, readers will learn about the potential applications of bioactive molecules presented in several underutilized fruits and nuts rich in carbohydrates, lipids, fats, proteins, polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins, organic acids, and volatile compounds. Readers will also discover more about the nutraceutical importance of these underutilized crops, and will also find specific case studies of the therapeutic potential of undertilized fruits and nuts. Written by highly renowned scientists of the field, this reference work appeals to a wide readership, from students and researchers to healthcare and industry professionals interested in plant biotechnology, biology, pharmacology and food engineering.

Functional foods and nutraceuticals are food products that naturally offer or have been modified to offer additional health benefits beyond basic nutrition. As such products have surged in popularity in recent years, it is crucial that researchers and manufacturers understand the concepts underpinning functional foods and the opportunity they represent to improve human health, reduce healthcare costs, and support economic development worldwide.Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: Bioactive Components, Formulations and Innovations presents a guide to functional foods from experienced professionals in key institutions around the world. The text provides background information on the health benefits, bioavailability, and safety measurements of functional foods and nutraceuticals. Subsequent chapters detail the bioactive components in functional foods responsible for these health benefits, as well as the different formulations of these products and recent innovations spurred by consumer demands. Authors emphasize product development for increased marketability, taking into account safety issues associated with functional food adulteration and solutions to be found in GMP adherence. Various food preservation methods aimed at enhancing the quality and shelf life of functional food are also highlighted. Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: Bioactive Components, Formulations and Innovations is the first of its kind, designed to be useful to students, teachers, nutritionists, food scientists, food technologists and public health regulators alike.

Oilseeds offer a plethora of opportunities for the food and feed industry, thanks to their high oil and protein content. Their phytonutrients and functional components have attracted the interest of researchers, leading to the development of functional foods. This book gathers the latest scientific information on the nutrients, phytonutrients and health benefits as well as the adverse effects of consuming various conventional and non-conventional oilseeds. In addition, each chapter includes a section comprehensively explaining the use of oilseeds in functional bakery, dairy, and other food products. Given its scope, the book is a valuable resource for students, researchers, nutritionists, food scientists and technologists, and for anyone involved in product development based on oilseed and its components.

This work provides comprehensive coverage of the preparation, processing, marketing, safety and nutritional aspects of traditional foods across the globe. Individual chapters focus on the traditional foods of different cultures, with further chapters discussing the consumer acceptability of traditional foods as well as the laws and regulations and the sensorial factors driving the success of these foods. In addition, the integration of traditional food into tourism development plans is discussed at length. As the first publication to focus on a wide scale variety of traditional foods, including their histories and unique preparatory aspects, this is an important book for any researcher looking for a single reference work covering all of the important processing information for each major traditional food category. From traditional Arab foods to traditional Indian, European, African, Australian and Native American foods, Traditional Foods: History,Preparation, Processing and Safety covers the full spectrum of cultural foods, dedicating extensive information to each traditional food type. A full overview of current trends in traditional foods is included, as is a comprehensive history of each type of traditional food. Specific regulations are discussed, as are marketing factors and issues with consumer acceptability. With the recent trends in consumer interest for traditional foods which can not only bring great sensory satisfaction but also fulfill dimensions of culture and tradition, this is a well-timed and singular work that fulfills a great current need for researchers and promises to be an important source for years to come.

This book presents the concept of food sharing from a European perspective, and provides a concise analysis of its safety implications and the chemical properties of recovered foods.In our modern world, 33% of the total food produced is lost each year, with serious economic, environmental and social consequences. Food worth approximately 1 trillion USD is wasted per year, and it is estimated that this wasted food could feed more than 3.4 billion people. Considering that 1/10 of the global population still does not have enough money for basic needs, and in view of the impact of consumer behaviour, food retailers and industry in food waste, food sharing appears to be an attractive solution, and several communities have recently been created with the main goal of saving food and giving it to those in need. Despite the positive impact of food sharing, it also raises concerns since recovered foods are subject to spoilage, decay and irreversible chemical-physical transformations.In this book, the authors explore the current situation and the regulatory definition of food sharing in various European countries, presenting the German experience in the city of Magdeburg, where food-sharing networks have been implemented. They also discuss the chemical and safety evaluations of durable foods, and provide a simulation of food waste by comparing a food product with the same food produced with re-worked and still edible raw materials (recovered foods).

This book explores one of the most discussed and investigated novel foods in recent years: edible insects. The increasing demand for alternative protein sources worldwide had led the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to promote the potential of using insects both for feed and food, establishing a program called “Edible Insects.” Although several social, environmental, and nutritional benefits of the use of insects in the human diet have been identified, the majority of the population in Western countries rejects the idea of adopting insects as food, predominantly for cultural reasons. Nevertheless, international interest in promoting the consumption of insects has grown significantly, mainly in North America and Europe. This trend is mostly due to increasing attention and involvement from the scientific network and the food and feed industries, as well as governments and their constituents. The book explores the current state of entomophagy and identifies knowledge gaps to inform primary research institutions, students, members of the private sector, and policymakers to better plan, develop, and implement future research studies on edible insects as a sustainable source of food. The case studies and issues presented in this book cover highly up-to-date topics such as aspects of safety and allergies for human consumption, final meat quality of animals fed with insects, the legislative framework for the commercialization of this novel food, and other relevant issues.

This book provides a global overview of pulse intake and future trends from a variety of perspectives. Pulses, which include dried beans, peas and lentils, are second only to grains as a source of food for the world's population. Contributors from around the globe explore a number of issues related to this food group, including their impact on global health and sustainability, the relationship between pulse intake and chronic disease, and their nutritional and gastrointestinal benefits. The primary purpose of the volume is to explore the nutritional and health benefits of pulses (starchy legumes) as a sustainable food source. Initial chapters focus on the role of pulses in complementary feeding and in the prevention of malnutrition in infants and children in the developing nations of Africa. Authors also consider the feasibility and sustainable properties of pulses as a staple food for these regions. Subsequent chapters focus on the association between pulse intake and chronic disease risk reduction. Contributors identify the unique contributions of pulses, versus legumes as a whole, to chronic disease risk and management. Additional chapters provide a comprehensive review of the nutrient contents of pulses, their bioavailability, and the nutritional impact of pulse consumption. The book also explores the phytochemicals contained in pulses from two perspectives, the traditional perspective of risk (e.g. anti-nutrients) and a nutraceutical perspective, focused on the novel benefits of pulse components (e.g. antioxidants). The editor has designed the book for students, faculty, and research scientists, as well as practicing dietitians. Members of the pulse industry, grower associations, and government agencies also will find the information relevant to their work, as will those in the private sector employed by food companies with an interest in pulse ingredients.

This handbook compiles comprehensive reference information on sweeteners for academic researchers and professionals. It discusses both natural as well as synthetic products, considering health-related and economical aspects. Renowned authors mostly from academia, but also from the industry, summarize information about the chemistry, biological and pharmacological aspects, as well as bioavailability and applications of sweeteners. The book introduces various substance classes of sweeteners, which are mainly plant-derived, including glycosidic and terpenoid sweeteners, peptidic sweeteners, sweet-tasting proteins and protein-derived sweeteners (e.g. stevioside, sucralose, aspartame, thaumatin, brazzein and many more). Chapters address topics such as the isolation and purification of the compounds, their physical, chemical and biological properties, pharmacological activities, and also critically discuss their applications in view of health and ecotoxicological aspects. A special emphasis is on low or no-calorie sweeteners, for which there is an increasing demand and intensified research activities currently. This reference work hence provides the readers with key information and will serve the needs of graduate students and scholars, researchers and professionals working in the fields of chemistry, botany, biotechnology, or pharmacological or agricultural research, as well as in the food industry or the marketing of sweeteners.

This text provides an important overview of the contributions of edible insects to ecological sustainability, livelihoods, nutrition and health, food culture and food systems around the world. While insect farming for both food and feed is rapidly increasing in popularity around the world, the role that wild insect species have played in the lives and societies of millions of people worldwide cannot be ignored. In order to represent this diversity, this work draws upon research conducted in a wide range of geographical locations and features a variety of different insect species.Edible insects in Sustainable Food Systems comprehensively covers the basic principles of entomology and population dynamics; edible insects and culture; nutrition and health; gastronomy; insects as animal feed; factors influencing preferences and acceptability of insects; environmental impacts and conservation; considerations for insect farming and policy and legislation.The book contains practical information for researchers, NGOs and international organizations, decision-makers, entrepreneurs and students.

Este libro presenta saberes y prácticas en alimentación y nutrición aplicadas al ejercicio clínico, al trabajo comunitario y a la salud pública; aplicaciones que dialogan con conceptos y metodologías de las ciencias biomédicas. Está organizado en tres partes: alimentación, nutrición y salud pública. Esta estructura y sus contenidos propician la reflexión y la investigación en torno a las estrategias y las acciones conocidas como medicina traslacional.

It has become popular to blame the American obesity epidemic and many other health-related problems on processed food. Many of these criticisms are valid for some processed-food items, but many statements are overgeneralizations that unfairly target a wide range products that contribute to our health and well-being. In addition, many of the proposed dangers allegedly posed by eating processed food are exaggerations based on highly selective views of experimental studies. We crave simple answers to our questions about food, but the science behind the proclamations of food pundits is not nearly as clear as they would have you believe. This book presents a more nuanced view of the benefits and limitations of food processing and exposes some of the tricks both Big Food and its critics use to manipulate us to adopt their point of view. Food is a source of enjoyment, a part of our cultural heritage, a vital ingredient in maintaining health, and an expression of personal choice. We need to make those choices based on credible information and not be beguiled by the sophisticated marketing tools of Big Food nor the ideological appeals and gut feelings of self-appointed food gurus who have little or no background in nutrition.

Being able to understand the principles of food science is vital for the study of food, nutrition and the culinary arts. In this innovative text, the authors explain in straightforward and accessible terms the theory and application of chemistry to these fields.The key processes in food preparation and the chemistry behind them are described in detail, including denaturation and coagulation of proteins, gelatinisation, gelation and retrogradation of starches, thickening and gelling, browning reactions, emulsification, foams and spherification, chemical, mechanical and biological leaveners and fermentation and preservation. The text also describes the science of key cooking techniques, the science of the senses and the experience of food, food regulations and the future of healthy food. The origins of food are explored through a focus on the primary production of key staples and their journey to the table. Tips and advice from leading chefs as well as insights into emerging food science and cutting-edge nutrition research from around the world are included throughout, and reveal both the practical application of food chemistry and the importance of this field. Featuring explanatory diagrams and illustrations throughout, Understanding the Science of Food is destined to become an essential reference for both students and professionals.'An innovative and informative text that will address the need for a food science text suitable for nutrition and dietetics students in Australia.'- Katherine Hanna, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology.'A unique and timely text that will be welcomed by students, instructors, and scientists in multiple disciplines. I am thrilled to see such a modern take on the subject, blending the fundamentals of food science and chemistry with the insights and experience of practitioners from the culinary arts.'- Patrick Spicer, lecturer and researcher in food science

This first volume of the Trilogy of Traditional Foods, part of the ISEKI Food Series, covers general and consumer aspects of traditional foods. It offers numerous recipes of traditional foods from across the world, with some chapters providing detailed descriptions on how to mix, cook, bake or store a particular food item in order to produce the desired effect.Traditional Foods; General and Consumer Aspects is divided into six sections. The first section focuses on general aspects of traditional foods and covers the perception of traditional foods and some general descriptions of traditional foods in different countries. This is followed by sections on Traditional Dairy Products, Traditional Cereal Based Products, Traditional Meat and Fish Products, Traditional Beverages and Traditional Deserts, Side Dishes and Oil products from various countries.The international List of Contributors, which includes authors fromChina, Bulgaria, Portugal, France, Norway, Romania, Slovakia, and Brazil, to name a few, shows its truly international perspective. The volume caters to the practicing food professional as well as the interested reader.

Der Bundesweite Überwachungsplan (BÜp) ist ein für ein Jahr festgelegter Plan über die zwischen den Ländern abgestimmte Durchführung von amtlichen Kontrollen zur Überprüfung der Einhaltung der lebensmittelrechtlichen, weinrechtlichen und tabakrechtlichen Vorschriften. Er kann Programme zu Produkt- und Betriebskontrollen oder eine Kombination aus beidem enthalten.Insgesamt wurden 16 Programme für den BÜp 2014 ausgewählt, an denen sich die Länder mit ca. 6.100 Proben beteiligten. Im Rahmen der Betriebskontrollen erfolgte im BÜp 2014 ein umfangreiches Programm zur Rückverfolgbarkeit, an dem alle Länder beteiligt waren und zahlreiche Betriebe innerhalb der Rückverfolgbarkeitsketten untersucht wurden:Untersuchung von Lebensmitteln auf Stoffe und die Anwendung von Verfahren· Chemische Untersuchung von Grünkern Benzo(a)pyren, Benzo(a)anthracen, Benzo(b)fluoranthen, Chrysen· Untersuchung von Fleisch und Fleischerzeugnissen, deren Kennzeichnung'Rindfleisch'aufweist, auf andere, nicht deklarierte Tierarten (außer Pferde-fleisch) · Untersuchung von Fertiggerichten, deren Kennzeichnung'Rindfleisch'aufweist, auf andere, nicht deklarierte Tierarten (außer Pferdefleisch) · Transfettsäuren in feinen Backwaren und Margarinen· T-2- und HT-2-Toxin in Getreide · Selen in bilanzierten Diäten, die für Säuglinge bestimmt sind· Verarbeitung von Separatorenfleisch in feinzerkleinerter Brühwurst mit hervorhebenden Qualitätsangaben· Rückstände von Antibiotika in Fischen aus Aquakultur aus Drittländern (außer Lachs)· Nitrat in RucolaUntersuchung von Lebensmitteln auf Mikroorganismen· Mikrobiologischer Status von Schlagsahne aus Sahneautomaten· Mikrobiologisch-hygienische und sensorische Beschaffenheit von trocken gereiftem, verkaufsfertig zugeschnittenem Rindfleisch ('Dry Aged Beef')Untersuchung von Bedarfsgegenständen und kosmetischen Mitteln· Nickelabgabe aus Modeschmuck/ Piercingschmuck· Chrom (VI) und Azofarbstoffe in Bedarfsgegenständen aus Leder mit Körperkontakt· Bestimmung von Panthenol in kosmetischen Mitteln bei Auslobungen mit Bezug auf ein gesteigertes Feuchthaltevermögen der Haut oder Stimulierung der Epithelisierung<· Ausmaß der Freisetzung von Metallen aus Lebensmittelkontaktmaterialien Betriebskontrollen · Bundesweiter Rückverfolgbarkeitstest ALL STEPS DOWN, ausgehend von einem Fleischerzeugnis

Des insectes à notre menu dans le futur!Simple rumeur ou prévision crédible? Un entomologiste et un spécialiste en nutrition se sont associés pour faire le point des pratiques anciennes ou émergentes et répondre à nos questionnements : est-ce vraiment bon pour moi et pour la planète? Est-ce antinature d'en manger? Comment les élève-t-on?Le constat est simple. Augmentation de la population mondiale et de son niveau de vie, plafonnement des rendements agricoles, lutte accrue contre le changement climatique risquent d'entraîner une pénurie de protéines à l'horizon 2050. Les insectes seraient le meilleur moyen de résoudre le problème. Déjà consommés par 2 milliards de personnes dans le monde, ils cumulent de nombreux avantages : richesse en protéines, élevage facile et économe, bon rendement…Mais des freins peuvent remettre en cause leur présence à grande échelle dans nos assiettes en 2050 : blocage culturel, risques sanitaires, difficultés d'élevage et de règlement... Écrit dans un style humoristique et accessible, cet ouvrage vous donne toutes les clés pour vous forger votre opinion et, qui sait, inscrire des insectes à l'un de vos prochains menus…Vous reprendrez bien une petite chenille?

This Brief concerns the influence of chemistry in the modern food and beverages industry. The world of traditional foods has been soundlessly but increasingly interconnected with the chemical industry in the last century. Different areas are considered in a multidisciplinary approach: - the production of chemical additives and of non-food components needed in the food industry (e.g. packaging materials)- the regulatory perspective of the whole food production chain - commercialization of food commodities- the problem of food safety from the viewpoint of official auditors with medical or veterinarian competencies- new and emerging risks related to food packaging materials- the assessment of the authenticity of edible products. This Brief includes different viewpoints, ranging from the management of allergens and food additives in the food plant to the complex matter of the formulation of traditional products with the consequent production of “alternative” versions of the same food.

1 2 MARCEL B. ROBERFROID AND GLENN R. GIBSON 1 Universite Catholique de Louvain, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Avenue Mounier 73, B-1200 Brussels, BELGIUM 2 Food Microbial Sciences Unit, Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Reading, Reading, UK It is clear that diet fulfils a number of important human requirements. These include the provision of sufficient nutrients to meet the requirements of essential metabolic pathways, as well as the sensory (and social) values associated with eating. It is also evident that diet may control and modulate various body functions in a manner that can reduce the risk of certain diseases. This very broad view of nutrition has led to the development of foodstuffs with added'functionality'. Many different definitions of functional foods have arisen. Most of these complicate the simple issue that a functional food is merely a dietary ingredient(s) that can have positive properties above its normal nutritional value. Other terms used to describe such foods include vitafoods, nutraceuticals, pharmafoods, foods for specified health use, health foods, designer foods, etc. Despite some trepidation, the concept has recently attracted much interest through a vast number of articles in both the popular and scientific media.

A variety of processing methods are used to make foods edible; to pennit storage; to alter texture and flavor; to sterilize and pasteurize food; and to destroy microorganisms and other toxins. These methods include baking, broiling, cooking, freezing, frying, and roasting. Many such efforts have both beneficial and harmful effects. It is a paradox of nature that the processing of foods can improve nutrition, quality, safety, and taste, and yet occasionally lead to the formation of anti-nutritional and toxic compounds. These multifaceted consequences of food processing arise from molecular interactions among nutrients with each other and with other food ingredients. Since beneficial and adverse effects of food processing are of increasing importance to food science, nutrition, and human health, and since many of the compounds formed have been shown to be potent carcinogens and growth inhibitors in animals, I organized a symposium broadly concerned with the nutritional and toxicological consequences of food processing. The symposium was sponsored by the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN) -Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) for its annual meeting in Washington, D.C., April 1-5, 1990. Invited speakers were asked to develop at least one of the following topics: 1. Nutrient-nonnutrient interactions between amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, vitamins, tannins, fiber, natural toxicants, etc. 2. Effects of radiation. 3. Thermally induced formation of dietary mutagens, antimutagens, carcinogens, anticarcinogens, antioxidants, and growth inhibitors. 4. Effects of pH on nutritional value and safety.

This book was developed from the papers presented at a symposium on'Water Relationships in Foods,'which was held from April 10-14, 1989 at the 197th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Dallas, Texas, under the auspices of the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division of ACS. The editors of this book organized the symposium to bring tagether an es­ teemed group of internationally respected experts, currently active in the field of water relationships in foods, to discuss recent advances in the 1980's and future trends for the 1990's. It was the hope of all these con­ tributors that this ACS symposium would become a memorable keystone above the foundation underlying the field of'water in foods.'This strong foundation has been constructed in large part from earlier technical conferences and books such as the four milestone International Symposia on the Properties of Water (ISOPOW I-IV), the recent IFT BasicSymposium on'Water Activity'and Penang meeting on Food Preservation by Maisture Control, as well as the key fundamental contributions from the classic 1980 ACS Symposium Series #127 on Water in Polymers, and from Felix Franks'famous seven-volume Comprehensive Treatise on Water plus five subsequent volumes of the ongoing Water Science Reviews. The objective of the 1989 ACS symposiumwas to build on this foun­ dation by emphasizing the most recent and maj or advanc.

All relevant toxin producing fungi, their natural occurence, the possible mycotoxicosis, further the biochemical and physiological effects of mycotoxins, their chemical data and toxicity are treated here comprehensively. For each fungi, reference is given to the food at risk. All foods which have been reported to be contaminated with mycotoxins are listed, including data on the degree of contamination, the concentration of the toxins and the country of origin and/or detection of the contaminated food.

The role of nutrition in neoplasia has been of longstanding concern. The subject was addressed by investigators in the first decade of this century, but was dropped. Vigorous attention was paid to this area of oncology in the 1940s, primarily due to the efforts of Dr. A. Tannenbaum at the Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago and the group at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. However, interest waned again until the 1970s when the question of diet and cancer was addressed and it has since been at the forefront of cancer research. The present volume (7) of Human Nutrition: A Comprehensive Treatise summarizes current knowledge in the area of nutrition and cancer. The first chapter is an overview written by John Higginson, whose contribution to understanding of cancer and nutrition spans several decades. The next essays cover epidemiology and physiology. The ensuing chapters address, in tum, those dietary factors relating to nutrition and cancer, namely, carbohydrates, protein, fat, cholesterol, calories, lipotropics, fiber, fruits and vegetables, vitamins, and alcohol. In a field moving as rapidly as this one is now, we can expect to miss a few late-breaking developments, but generally, the literature has been well covered through some time in 1988. Work relating to the effects of diet on oncogenes is in its very early development and has not been addressed as an entity per se.

Die industrielle Lebensmittelfertigung erhöhte in der Vergangenheit die Chancen für eine gesunde Ernährung der Bevölkerung erheblich. Dennoch stehen die Produkte der Ernährungsindustrie häufig im Zentrum der öffentlichen Kontroverse: ihr Gesundheitswert wird immer wieder in Frage gestellt. In dieser paradoxen Situation forscht die Autorin nach den Ursachen, analysiert sowohl gängige als auch überraschende Argumente der Gegner und Befürworter industriell gefertigter Lebensmittel.

Today, at the beginning of the third millenium, just three cereal grains - wheat, rice and maize - dominate the world's food supply, accounting for some 75% of all grains produced. This food'oligoculture'poses some risks for the future of humankind. The risk of catastrophic food crop failure through insect pests or fungal diseases is ever greater as genetic diversity is reduced. The introduction of genetically modified cereals may exacerbate this situation, as different speeies will share the same genes conferring resistance to pests. The intensive cultivation practices needed to produce the required high yields of these highly developed cereals, the so-called Green Revolution, is leading to environmental degradation through denudation of the soil and pollution of the environment due to pestieide and fertilizer runoff. In addition, the undoubted benefits brought about for many by the Green Revolution, with its use of intensive agricultural practises, cannot be shared by all. Such cultivation practises are often inappropriate in the developing world where farmers simply do not have the income to purchase the required agricultural machinery, inorganic fertilizers and pestieides. Also, the environmental con­ ditions in much of the developing world, characterised by frequent droughts interspersed with short periods of very high rainfall, are espeeially dam­ aging to the large areas of unprotected soil which result from mechanised agriculture. Reliance on so few different grains for our nutrition also appears to be detri­ mental to our long-term health.

Gerade die jüngsten Fälle von Lebensmittelrückrufaktionen haben die Brisanz von fehlerhaften Lebensmitteln - die Gesundheitsgefährdung für den Verbraucher sowie die nachteiligen finanziellen und Image-Folgen für die lebensmittelherstellenden Unternehmen - gezeigt. Im Zuge der Harmonisierung der Lebensmittelüberwachung in Europa und der Umsetzung der EG-Richtlinien in nationale Gesetze oder Verordnungen wurden die schon bestehenden Gesetze ergänzt. So haftet nach dem seit 1990 in der BRD umgesetzten Produkthaftungsgesetz der Hersteller für von ihm in Verkehr gebrachte Lebensmittel auch dann, wenn kein schuldhaftes Verhalten nachgewiesen werden kann. Andererseits ist die deliktische Haftung schon durch §823 BGB geregelt. Die komplizierte Rechtslage und die Konsequenzen für die Lebensmittelindustrie, wie z.B. die Gefahrabwendung oder Beweislasterleichterung, werden im Buch leicht verständlich dargestellt.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Die aktuelle wissenschaftliche Diskussion gesunder Ernährung umfasst zwei Ebenen: die Ernährung des gesunden sowie die Ernährung des kranken Menschen. Diese polare Gegenüberstellung lässt nur eine unzureichende Beschreibung des gesamten Komplexes Ernährung zu. Wichtig ist aber auch, wie der Einzelne sich zwischen diesen Polen oder auch zwischen Grenzen bewegt. Welche Faktoren können dafür ausschlaggebend sein, dass sich der Mensch freiwillig oder gezwungen in Grenzsituationen begibt? Und wie wirkt sich dies auf sein Essen aus? Die Beschäftigung mit Grenzsituationen in diesem Band dient dazu, Essen und Ernährung lebens- und alltagsnah zu verstehen und so eine gesunde und zukunftsfähige Ernährung zu ermöglichen.

Food consumption is vital to human survival. Nevertheless, the exact determi­ nants of food perception, liking and food choice are still not fully understood. Food, People and Society tries to fill some of the gaps in our knowledge by stud­ ying these processes from multiple perspectives, each with their own emphasis. Some approaches focus mainly on the characteristics of food products eaten, some focus on the person who eats a particular food, whereas other approaches emphasize the psychological, economic or social context in which food con­ sumption takes place. By bringing together these different approaches in one book, we open the opportunity to integrate different perspectives and to facili­ tate comprehension of the complex processes that drive food choice behaviour. Food, People and Society is written for a wide audience, including students and academics interested in food perception and consumption, policy makers, health educators and nutritionists, food manufacturers and food marketers.

Historically, nutrient deficiencies have been of greater concern than dietary excess. However, along with the realization that deaths due to certain diseases are more prevalent in affluent countries came the conclusion that nutritional excess is of equal or in greater concern in many nations. Because immunologic reactions may play a role development of both cancer and atherosclerosis, better understanding of these interre­ lated phenomena may lead to innovative ideas for control of these diseases. There has been considerable interest in the role various nutrients may play in regulating immunologic responses. This has been especially true as a possible mecha­ nism by which fat modulates growth of tumors in animals. Likewise, deficiency or excess of a number of other individual nutrients have been linked to altered immune responses. This volume of Human Nutrition-A Comprehensive Treatise details the effects of a number of nutrients on immunity. The first chapter covers questionable and fraudu­ lent claims linking nutrition and immunity. The next chapter examines several aspects of food allergy. Ensuing chapters focus on specific nutrients such as fat, cholesterol, arginine, vitamins C, A, and E, carotenoids, flavonoids, zinc, iron, copper, and sele­ nium. There are two chapters on total energy intake affecting immune response, one examining protein-energy malnutrition and the other describing the effects of food restriction in otherwise healthy animals.