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This textbook describes several diseases and clinical conditions, from physiopathological mechanisms to main clinical pictures, highlighting the importance of laboratory medicine, with the aim to provide the necessary tools for guiding correct laboratory findings interpretation. Indeed, it is now widely recognized that laboratory medicine has a pivotal role in clinical medicine, significantly influencing clinical decisions. Thus, it is crucial to understand and use laboratory data appropriately. This book has the great advantage of describing each topic exhaustively in order to facilitate its understanding. Specifically, it describes both diseases with a high incidence in the population, such as Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dyslipidemias, and Autoimmune Diseases, as well as rare diseases, such as Hereditary Metabolic Diseases. In addition, unusual topics are treated, such as Clinical Biochemistry of the Mind, as well as hot topics, such as Biological Drugs, Biobanks, Health Technology Assessment, and Omics Sciences. Finally, the book includes a chapter on the new health emergency, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Two appendices are provided at the end of the book: a table summarizing the reference range and decisional cut-off for the main laboratory parameters and instructions on performing a venous blood sample. The book will be an invaluable tool for medical and biomedical students, as well as for practitioners.

While research teams are producing relevant and valid knowledge for health promotion, there is not yet a structured manual and distinct field of health promotion research. This timely'state-of-the-art'handbook contributes to the structuring of such a field of research. This collection of original contributions explores the major epistemological, methodological, and ethical challenges facing health promotion research. It brings together experts from different'research traditions'that coexist in the field. The handbook covers the existing knowledge production and sharing practices to delineate the'discipline'and its agenda for future research. Ultimately, it contributes to the creation of a global community of health promotion researchers. The handbook is organized by four types of practices (what people actually do) studied in health promotion; the practices of: Individuals and populations in relation to their health and itsdeterminantsProfessionals who intervene to improve population healthPolicy-makers and institutions involved in the advocacy, design, and implementation of policies and programsResearchers and innovators (academic scholars and global agencies) through which investment in research and production of evidence-based guidelines are made. Global Handbook of Health Promotion Research, Vol. 1: Mapping Health Promotion Research is a highly relevant reference tool for researchers and graduate students in health promotion, public health, education and socio-health sciences; practitioners in health, medical, and social sectors; policy-makers; and health research administrators.

This book discusses dental healthcare professionals in the European Union and EU policy output and activities in the context of Europeanization and its impact on oral health care. Adopting a framework focused on an institution and its policies allows for discussion from the perspective of multiple actors, both national and international. The research is timely and significant because of the momentous changes that have taken and are taking place in healthcare delivery systems and professions in the Member States of the European Union.In the book, the author constructs a profile of the oral healthcare professions in the Member States; creates an inventory of challenges faced by these professions; illustrates the impact Europeanization and one of its organs, the European Union, have had on oral health care; demonstrates the way in which national traits and institutions exercise a role in the transposition of EU outputs; and catalogues the stages and views ofsome representatives of the dental team. Topics explored include:The First Stage of Professionalization: EducationDental Care Professionals: RegulationMember States: Healthcare ProvisionThe WorkplaceThe European Union and the Dental TeamReaders not only learn the fundamentals of oral health professions, their realities, and healthcare delivery, but also become familiar with the political concepts, institutions, and practice related to the field.The Dental Team in the European Union, having academic and general interest as well as practical value, appeals to diverse audiences. The book is an invaluable resource for researchers and practitioners in the social sciences and the healthcare and dental worlds. It also can be used as required or supplemental reading for students in the healthcare professions, public policy, and political science. Decision-makers at various levels of government and persons affiliated with funding agencies as well as scholarly and professional associations in the United States and abroad also would find this a useful text.

This book discusses one of the hottest topics in science today, i.e., the concern over certain problematic practices within the scientific enterprise. It raises questions and, more importantly, begins to supply answers about one particularly widespread phenomenon that sometimes impedes scientific progress: group processes. The book looks at many problematic manifestations of “going along with the crowd” that are adopted at the expense of truth. Closely related is the concept of pathological altruism or altruism bias—the tendency of scientists to bias their research in order to further the ideological or financial interests of an “in-group” at the expense of both the interest of other groups as well as the truth. The book challenges the widespread notion that science is invariably a benevolent, benign process. It defines the scientific enterprise, in practice as opposed to in theory, as a cultural system designed to produce factual knowledge. In effect, the book offers a broad and unique take on an important and incompletely explored subject: research and academic discourse that sacrifices scientific objectivity, and perhaps even the scientist's own ethical standards, in order to further the goals of a particular group of researchers or reinforce their shared belief system or their own interests, whether economic, ideological, or bureaucratic.

This edited volume aims to better understand the multifaceted phenomenon we call health. Going beyond simple views of health as the absence of disease or as complete well-being, this book unites scientists and philosophers. The contributions clarify the links between health and adaptation, robustness, resilience, or dynamic homeostasis, and discuss how to achieve health and healthy aging through practices such as hormesis. The book is divided into three parts and a conclusion: the first part explains health from within specific disciplines, the second part explores health from the perspective of a bodily part, system, function, or even the environment in which organisms live, and the final part looks at more clinical or practical perspectives. It thereby gathers, across 30 chapters, diverse perspectives from the broad fields of evolutionary and systems biology, immunology, and biogerontology, more specific areas such as odontology, cardiology, neurology, andpublic health, as well as philosophical reflections on mental health, sexuality, authenticity and medical theories. The overarching aim is to inform, inspire and encourage intellectuals from various disciplines to assess whether explanations in these disparate fields and across biological levels can be sufficiently systematized and unified to clarify the complexity of health. It will be particularly useful for medical graduates, philosophy graduates and research professionals in the life sciences and general medicine, as well as for upper-level graduate philosophy of science students.

Ist Vergessen ein psychisch gesunder oder ein krankhafter Prozess? Fest steht, es gibt kein normales Leben ohne Vergessen und kein normales Leben ohne Erinnerung. Diese Dichotomie steht im Zentrum des Buches und wird aus ganz unterschiedlichen Perspektiven beleuchtet – unter anderem aus individualpsychologischer, neurowissenschaftlicher, sozialer und kultureller Sicht. Dieses Fachbuch beleuchtet und analysiert den Nutzen und die Risiken eines Alltagsphänomens. Leicht verständlich eröffnet sich dem Leser ein integrativer Zugang zu einer zentralen kognitiven Erscheinung menschlichen (und tierischen) Lebens. Das Buch zu lesen erfordert über weite Teile keine speziellen Vorkenntnisse, ist aber dennoch hochgradig wissenschaftlich fundiert. Kulturspezifische Aspekte des Vergessens im europäischen wie außereuropäischen Raum werden ebenso erfasst wie zelluläre, systemische, genetische und epigenetische Grundlagen, die die Hirnforschung gerade in neuerer Zeit zunehmend intensiv diskutiert. Damit bietet es einen einmaligen Inhalt für den interessierten Laien wie für den Experten.

The Yearbook compiles the most recent developments in experimental and clinical research and practice in one comprehensive reference book. The chapters are written by well recognized experts in the field of intensive care and emergency medicine. It is addressed to everyone involved in internal medicine, anesthesia, surgery, pediatrics, intensive care and emergency medicine.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Die beiden zum Gebiet Drogen erscheinenden Bände des Folgewerks von Hagers Handbuch enthalten, wie im Grundwerk der 5. Auflage, Monographien in alphabetischer Reihenfolge über Arzneipflanzengattungen. Jede einzelne Monographie umfaßt die für die pharmazeutische Praxis wichtigen Arzneipflanzen mit den dazugehörigen allopathischen und homöopathischen Zubereitungen. In den Monographien werden Aussagen über die Botanik, Chemotaxonomie, Analytik, Wirkung, medizinische Anwendung und Toxikologie gemacht. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind Drogen des DAB/HAB und von in Europa gültigen Arzneibüchern.

In the preface to Part I of this volume, which appeared in 1966, we stated:'... we had to leave the Antihistaminics for another volume of unpredictable dimensions. In 1924, eight pages inserted in a Chapter on Mutterkorn by Arthur R.Cushing were considered enough, in Vol. II, Part II, pp. 1319-1326 of the Hand­ buch. Now 922 pages did not suffice to cover all aspects of the subject... the subject has been expanded in so many directions, that the anti histaminic part had to be excluded from the present volume. Possibly, another thousand pages will be necessary to cover what remains of the subject.'• This prediction was fulfilled, and the subject of histamine has grown to such an extent that dealing with the antihistaminics only in Part II would be quite inadequate. It is imperative to include the large number of recent findings on the subject of histamine, namely the splitting of its pharmacologic receptors, and the great variety of new contributions on,its participation in physiopathologic phenomena, metabolism and interaction with newly found mediators.

Since the publication of the first edition of The Diabetic Pancreas in 1977, much progress has been made in various areas of diabetes research. While only a rela­ tively short while ago diabetes was considered a single disease, in more recent years it has become apparent that it is a heterogeneous group of disorders, all of which are characterized by a decreased tolerance of carbohydrates and most of which have a genetic basis, although the genetic types vary. In more recent years, an International Work Group sponsored by the National Diabetes Data Group of the NIH proposed a now generally accepted classification, according to which the insulin-dependent ketosis-prone diabetes, formerly and inappropriately called the juvenile type, is considered a subclass of diabetes, type 1. Because it can occur at any age, it was recommended that the diagnosis based on age be eliminated. The non-insulin-dependent, non-keto sis-prone type of diabetes, which is not secondary to other diseases or conditions, and which was formerly called matu­ rity-onset diabetes, was considered a second subclass, type II, because although this form usually develops after age 40, it also occurs in young persons, who do not require insulin or are not ketotic. Although this classification is not entirely agreed upon by all diabetologists, for practical purposes it has been generally accepted and has been utilized by the contributors to this volume.

Caring for people with disabilities often becomes an all-encompassing responsibility for one or more family members. To manage the multifaceted demands, caregivers must possess strong multitasking skills, including the ability to assist with daily life tasks; provide emotional support; help with financial affairs; mediate and advocate with health care providers. Maintaining balance within their own lives can become incredibly challenging for caregivers. More often than not, providing care for family members or loved ones occurs at the expense of the caregivers'well-being. And for caregivers who themselves have disabilities, it further complicates matters.Multiple Dimensions of Caregiving and Disability addresses concerns that have been long familiar to the caregiver population and examines the current state of family care for individuals with disabilities. With a lifespan perspective, this concise reference reviews the literature on specific problems of caregivers and explores which care strategies are effective, promising, or lacking in available resources and support interventions. Contributors also explore the more fluid and subjective aspects of caregiving, such as feelings, spirituality, and family roles. Suggestions for future policy improvements, particularly within the public health sector, are discussed as well.Topics covered include:• Family dynamics and caregiving for people with disabilities.• Parent caregiving of children with disabilities.• Race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and caregiving.• Educational, training, and support programs for caregivers.• Emerging technologies to aid caregivers.• Developing partnerships between caregivers and health care providers.Multiple Dimensions of Caregiving and Disability is a must-have resource for researchers, scientist-practitioners, policy makers, and graduate students across such disciplines as clinicalpsychology, nursing, social work, public health, medicine, and social and education policy.

Hypothermia was first applied to the human in 1940 by Smith and Fay in an attempt to affect the growth of malignant tumours, and found its most important application firstly in open cardiac surgery and latterly in neurosurgery. The first results regarding the use of hypothermia in neurosurgery were reported at the First Inter­ national Congress of Neurological Sciences held in Brussels in 1957. The same subject was again considered at the annual meeting of the Societe de Neurochirurgie de Langue Franl}aise held in Montpellier in'1962. When I was charged with the task of organizing the Symposium at the Second European Congress of Neurosurgery, I thought it ad­ visable to put forward again the problem of the use of hypothermia in neurosurgery. Though this procedure had rapidly become popular and a mass of publications from the most important neurosurgical centres of the world had appeared, many problems remained un­ solved, and in particular those related to the choice of cases to be treated, the usefulness of the procedure and its possible dangers.

Die Entwicklung von Ethikkomitees und Ethikberatung ist derzeit ein sehr dynamischer Prozess, wodurch sich ein immer dichter werdendes Netz an Gremien zur Ethikberatung entwickelt. Es existieren sehr unterschiedliche Modelle – vom Konsil eines einzelnen Beraters bis zum großen Ethikomitee. Das vorliegende Werk führt systematisch und anhand von Fallbeispielen durch das Gebiet der Ethikberatung, u.a.: • Ethikberatung gestern und heute • Modelle und Beispiele zur Implementierung • Gründung und Entwicklung von Ethikkomitees • Praktische Anwendungsfelder und Herausforderungen für die Zukunft Die Autoren schlagen die Brücke zwischen traditioneller, philosophischer Ethik und anwendungsbezogener, klinischer Ethik. Dargestellt werden verschiedene Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens: Neben Modellen für Krankenhäuser, werden Beratungsmodelle und Besonderheiten für niedergelassene Ärzte, Altenpflegeeinrichtungen und Hospize vorgestellt. Auch rechtliche Fragen, die Beratung am Lebensende und die Haftung bei Beratungsfehlern werden erörtert. Das Buch richtet sich an Mitglieder von Ethikkomitees und Ethikberatungsteams, insbesondere Ärzte, Pflegende, Philosophen, Ethiker, Theologen, Juristen, Sozialarbeiter und Seelsorger.

Seit 1985 wird der deutsche Arzneimittelmarkt im Arzneiverordnungs-Report analysiert. Datengrundlage ist die Vollerfassung von 400 Millionen Rezepten für die Patienten der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung. Die Arzneimittelausgaben nahmen 2004 erstmals seit 12 Jahren um 2,5 Mrd. € auf 21,7 Mrd. € durch das GKV-Modernisierungsgesetz ab. Wesentliche Elemente der Kostensenkung waren der Ausschluss rezeptfreier Arzneimittel aus der vertragsärztlichen Versorgung, erhöhte Rabatte der Arzneimittelhersteller an die Krankenkassen, erhöhte Patientenzuzahlungen und die Einführung einer Praxisgebühr. Aktuelle Verordnungstrends werden an 3000 Arzneimitteln in 46 Indikationsgruppen dargestellt. Besonders eingegangen wird auf: Bewertung von 33 Neueinführungen des Jahres 2004, Einsparerfolge bei Generika und umstrittenen Arzneimitteln, Verordnungsprofil rezeptfreier Arzneimittel. Als Schwerpunkthema werden die Arzneiverordnungen pharmazeutischer Hersteller und ihr Produktsortiment im Kindesalter dargestellt. Immer noch problematisch ist hier die Anwendung von Arzneimitteln außerhalb der Zulassung (Off label). Noch häufiger werden bei Kindern Arzneimittel mit umstrittener Wirkung verordnet. Presseecho zum Arzneiverordnungs-Report 2004:'Bei Medikamenten droht neue Kostenlawine'Süddeutsche Zeitung 16.10.2004'Medikamente werden 2005 teurer'Tagesspiegel 16.10.2004'Rezeptfrei oft billiger als verordnet'Stuttgarter Nachrichten 16.10.2004'Kosten sinken - vorübergehend'Deutsches Ärzteblatt 22.10.2004

Kinder mit Diabetes sind keine kleinen, zuckerkranken Erwachsenen! Die Diagnostik und Therapie der Erkrankung unterscheiden sich in vieler Hinsicht von der Erwachsener. Beides hängt vom Wissen des Kinderarztes ab - ganz besonders gilt dies für die Prognose des diabeteskranken Kindes. Sie entscheiden mit über die gesundheitliche Zukunft von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Diabetes! Halten Sie Ihr Fachwissen up-to-date! Neben der bewährten klaren und prägnanten Gliederung, unterstützt durch zahlreiche Abbildungen und Tabellen bietet die 6. Auflage'des Hürter'die neuesten Erkenntnisse und wissenschaftliches Know-How zum Thema: - Ausführliche Therapierichtlinien - Alle Neutentwicklungen auf dem Gebiet - Praxisrelevantes Wissen in neuem, modernen Layout Werden Sie zum Experten und Partner für Kinder und Eltern!