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Due to the current obesity epidemic, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in a significant portion of the United States patient population. It is being increasingly recognized that NAFLD affects both adults and children and can progress to end stage liver disease with resultant cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, several extrahepatic conditions may be linked to NAFLD including cardiovascular disease, insulin requiring and type 2 diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea, colonic adenomas, hyperuricemia, vitamin D deficiency, hyperferritinemia, pancreatic steatosis, hypothyroidism, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Therapies for NAFLD are evolving rapidly. This issue will analyze patient demographics, risk factors, pathophysiology, patient presentation, and treatments for NAFLD.

This book aims to aid the selection of the most appropriate methods for use in early phase (1 and 2) clinical studies of new drugs for diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and related cardiometabolic disorders.Clinical research methods to assess the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of new diabetes drugs, e.g. the euglycemic clamp technique, have become well-established in proof-of-mechanism studies. However, selection of the most appropriate techniques is by no means straightforward. Moreover, the application of such methods must conform to the regulatory requirements for new drugs.This book discusses the need for new pharmacotherapies for diabetes, obesity and NAFLD and the molecular targets of drugs currently in development. Emerging technologies including functional imaging, circulating biomarkers and omics are considered together with practical and ethical issues pertaining to early phase clinical trials in subjects with cardiometabolic disorders.Translational Research Methods in Diabetes, Obesity, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is of interest to biomedical scientists, pharmacologists, academics involved in metabolic research and clinicians practicing in these specialties.

This book consists of seven chapters that each detail recent advancements in the field of health and disease. Chapter One presents the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of Narcolepsy type 1, Narcolepsy type 2, Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin syndrome. Chapter Two remarks on the history of phage therapy, biology and classification of phages, the effects of phage on biofilm, and the potential usage of phage therapy against MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Chapter Three discusses both the operative and non-operative approaches to the treatment and management of critical limb ischemia as well as their associated risks and outcomes. Chapter Four speculates on the relationship between sarcopenia and the metabolic liver as well as the impact of active sarcopenia treatment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chapter Five deals with the impact of spinal cord injury on cardiopulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life. Chapter Six highlights the role of nutrition and dietary habits in neurodegenerative diseases and their beneficial role in preventing/delaying neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, Chapter Seven introduces POSEIDON Stratification as a daily instrument in the clinical management of fertility patients.

This book deals with the noteworthy advancement in the production of bioactive metabolites from microbes and their pharmacological significance. It highlights the pharmacological potential of marine microbes and endophytic fungi and their bioactive secondary metabolites. Emphasis is also given on the significance of probiotics and their specialized molecules in human health and disease as well as their role in dietary intervention for reducing the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This work also serves as excellent reference material for researchers, students and academicians in the field of natural product chemistry, pharmacology and applied microbiology.

• Thoroughly revised and updated chapters. • Includes latest evidence of newer anti-diabetic drugs, recently available gadgets. • Contains information regarding latest clinical trials. • Includes a few new chapters including Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Diabetes. • Incorporates more practical examples, clinical pictures and diagrammatic illustrations for better understanding of the reader.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of elevated liver enzymes and chronic liver disease in Western countries. NAFLD is characterized by elevated liver enzymes in the absence of alcohol consumption and secondary causes of liver disease. It is an independent predictor of future risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (hypertension, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance). This book is a quick reference guide for medical students and professionals about NAFLD. Readers will find a summary of epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, imaging techniques, histopathology, and disease management. The book also presents information about NAFLD linked with hepatocellular carcinoma and guidelines for treating NAFLD in pediatric patients. Each chapter presents information in a simple, structured manner making this text an ideal handbook for supplementing hepatology modules in medical curricula.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD, represents a spectrum of pathologic liver histologic findings ranging from the simple accumulation of fat, known as steatosis, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. It is estimated that NAFLD in all of its forms would have a 20% prevalence worldwide, but the evidence suggests a higher rate for developed countries, exceeding 30% for the US general population. Major risk factors for NAFLD, such as ageing, obesity and insulin resistance, are projected to increase in the following decades, causing the prevalence and relevance of NAFLD to rise in the future. In obese populations and type 2 diabetes patients, the prevalence of this disease exceeds 70%. NAFLD has been called the “silent epidemic” for its lack of symptoms, relatively complex diagnosis and its deleterious effects. The association between NAFLD with cardiovascular diseases, energy metabolism disorders and polycystic ovarian syndrome has promoted the inclusion of this liver pathology within the metabolic syndrome. From a biochemical point of view, current evidence suggests the existence of a bidirectional causal relationship between NAFLD and oxidative stress, where various alterations energy metabolism and important inflammatory components are involved. An abnormal glucose and fatty acid metabolism lead to glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity, respectively, which promote oxidative stress through different pathways. Oxidative stress induces the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, including transcription factors and cytokines, which trigger an immune activation, a key step in the transition from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. An early diagnosis and optimal therapy are essential for NAFLD treatment. First-line treatment of NAFLD focuses on lifestyle changes. Weight reduction through an increase in physical activity and/or nutritional management is considered safe and effective, but pharmacological management of common comorbidities such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemias and hypertension are also essential. The key role of oxidative stress in NAFLD pathophysiology suggests that antioxidant interventions based in natural substances such as polyphenols would be effective. Recently, it was shown that the antioxidant properties of these compounds are beyond their free radical scavenging. This book presents an update of research advances contributing to a better understanding of relevant clinical models of NAFLD, particularly, the disorder in energy metabolism and the role of oxidative stress. It also highlights the clinical and pathophysiological association between NAFLD and the metabolic syndrome, and presents an overview of current diagnosis and treatment and the future avenues for the management of this disease.

This book discusses the diagnosis, treatment and management of liver disease. Chapter One reviews hepatic hydatidosis. Chapter Two explores the diagnosis, natural history, and management for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Chapter Three discusses scientific evidence that explains the relationship between metabolic syndrome, non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and psoriasis and the treatment strategy for this co-morbid condition. Chapter Four examines the pathophysiology and treatment of liver cirrhosis. Chapter Five reviews surgical strategies to push up resection limits in liver disease and liver failure after surgery.

In this next edition of'Advances in Medicine and Biology,'chapters include research on the link between inflammatory disorders and cardiovascular disease, with recent data indicating that the suppression of inflammation may reduce the risk of CV morbidity and mortality; recommended treatment options for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); the regulation of testicular glucose metabolism in pre-diabetes, an intermediate state and a reversible condition, as well as its potential impact on male reproductive health; the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a method of measuring respiratory muscle oxygenation changes; the incidence, prognosis and management of common retinal injuries; factors that affect elimination disorders and its outcomes; the potential complications that radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can have on thermal skin injuries (skin burns); the use of grasshopper in the process of wound healing, specifically the use of grasshopper's abdominal secretion in wound healing; and finally, the use of fish collagen as a substitute for mammalian collagen, in food products which also has various health implications.

The recently published article “The Burden of Liver Disease in Europe: A Review of Available Epidemiological Data” provides a few figures on the enormous problem that liver disease poses for Europeans. Liver disease is estimated to cause 170,000 deaths annually in Europe, 47,000 of which are attributed to liver cancer; 0.5%-0.7% of the European population is affected by chronic hepatitis B; and prevalence rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the last decade in the European population ranged from 0.13 to 3.26%. These HCV-infected populations will develop complications in the years to come. It is of great concern that about 90% of people in Europe infected by viral hepatitis are unaware of their status. Alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) must also be added to the picture. NAFLD is becoming a major concern with the increasing incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in Europe. The burden of liver disease is not less pessimistic in North America, Asia and the rest of the world. The neurological complications associated with liver failure are an unsolved problem in clinical practice. Little is known about the mechanisms that underlay their development. This book assembles an internationally recognized array of contributors that address the most important issues associated with this pathology. The book comprises fourteen chapters divided into two sections. The first section is devoted to the complications of liver failure and orthotopic liver transplantation. The second section focuses on the most recent and emerging therapies for liver disease and its complications: the new pharmacological arsenal for hepatitis B and C, cell-free and bioartificial liver support systems, hepatocyte and stem cell therapy, and novel approaches to prevent parenteral nutrition-associated liver failure in children among them.

Insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome are associated with the pathogenesis and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It encompasses a spectrum of hepatic pathology, ranging from simple steatosis in its most benign form (fatty liver), going through nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in its intermediate form, until cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, its most advanced forms. This new book presents current research on the background of fatty acid oxidation; hepatic steatosis and its progression to NASH and cirrhosis; fibrosis and myofibroblastic cells differentiation; methods of diagnosis; clinical features and laboratory tests and, finally, rodent NAFLD and NASH models.

Genetic Diversity of Coronaviruses (Volume 1) provides a comprehensive analysis of the genetic mutations and host interactions across three major coronaviruses—SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. This volume explores the evolutionary history, mutations, and emerging variants of these viruses, with a focus on understanding how they adapt to different hosts. The book is organized into three parts: Part I covers SARS-CoV, detailing its genetic mutations, host genetic diversity, and new variants. Part II focuses on MERS-CoV, offering insights into mutations and host adaptations. Part III addresses SARS-CoV-2, discussing its evolving variants and the role of host proteins. The book also discusses the connections between coronaviruses and neurological, epigenetic, and AI-related issues.Key Features:- In-depth analysis of genetic mutations in coronaviruses.- Exploration of host genetic diversity and virus adaptation.- Insight into emerging variants of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2.- Examination of host proteins'role in viral infections.- Discussion on the impact of AI and epigenetics on coronavirus research.

Vitamin D - A Novel Therapy for Chronic Diseases? This comprehensive book explores the vital role of vitamin D in human health, with a focus on its potential impact on various chronic diseases. Starting with the history and general information of vitamin D, the book covers various topics, including its effects on immunity, gut health, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, depression, melanoma, and pregnancy. It provides clear and evidence-based insights into how vitamin D influences the body and its role in preventing or managing specific conditions.This book is a valuable resource for dietitians, healthcare professionals, and anyone seeking to enhance their understanding of vitamin D and its therapeutic potential.Key Features:- Covers the role of vitamin D in chronic diseases- Explores vitamin D's impact on immunity, gut health, and insulin resistance- Provides evidence-based recommendations for healthcare professionals- Accessible explanations for non-expert readers

This heavily revised second edition comprehensively examines the causes and effects of obesity, both on the human body as well as society as a whole. The significance obesity plays in the development of a variety of lethal and non-lethal diseases is discussed, and the prevention and treatment of obesity are looked at in detail. Treatment strategies such as bariatric surgical techniques and descriptions of how to apply the latest assessment technologies are provided for obese adult and pediatric patients. A new section to this edition covers the impact of COVID-19 on obese patients and how it can create extra complications. Obesity: Clinical, Surgical and Practical Guide describes how to best treat and manage individuals with obesity utilizing the latest methodologies. Furthermore, it brings together a large number of international specialists in their field, making it a valuable resource for gastroenterologists, surgeons, researchers, dieticians, physicians, and healthcare providers.

Understanding the complex interplay between food safety, nutrition, bioscience, and data algorithms is crucial for effectively managing autoimmune diseases. However, the current literature often needs a comprehensive resource that integrates these disciplines, leaving researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals needing a clearer understanding of how to apply these concepts in practice. This gap in knowledge hinders the development of personalized nutrition plans and precision health interventions, ultimately limiting the effectiveness of autoimmune disease management strategies. Nutrition Controversies and Advances in Autoimmune Disease brings to the table more than a mere theoretical guide. It offers practical applications and case studies that bring to life the latest research and developments in the fields of food safety, nutrition, bioscience, and data algorithms. By integrating these disciplines, the book provides readers with the knowledge and tools to develop personalized nutrition plans and implement precision health interventions for autoimmune diseases, making it a valuable resource for anyone in the field. This book caters to a diverse audience, including researchers, clinicians, dieticians, nutritionists, students, academics, and food industry professionals. It is a valuable reference on the interplay between food, nutrition, bioscience, and data science for autoimmune disease management. By providing cutting-edge insights and techniques, Nutrition Controversies and Advances in Autoimmune Disease empowers readers to make informed decisions that can improve patient outcomes and advance our understanding of autoimmune diseases.

This book comprehensively reviews the recent advancements in apoptosis research and evaluates its therapeutic targets and strategies in controlling various human diseases. The initial chapter presents the molecular components that regulate apoptosis and its importance for pathogenic processes. The subsequent chapters discuss the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in apoptosis induction and inhibition. The book also examines the role of mitochondria-driven apoptosis and therapeutic strategies for targeting mitochondria-mediated cell death. Further, the book discusses the role of apoptosis in different diseases, including neurodegeneration, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, parasitic infections, autoimmune diseases, reproductive disorders, and infertility. Towards the end, the book outlines the recent advances in the field of apoptosis-based therapies and explores some highlights of a very active field of drug development. This book is useful for the researchers involved in designing and developing new drugs and drug targets for the treatment of different human diseases.

This book is a comprehensive guide on microbiome research, from the fundamentals of to the latest advancements in microbiome-based therapeutics. The initial chapters introduce the concept of the human microbiome delving into the intricate relationship between the human host and its microbiome. The chapter also examines the various tools and techniques used in microbiome research and the role of computational biology in analyzing vast amounts of microbiome data. The subsequent chapters review the role of the microbiome in various health conditions, including metabolic disorders, immunological disorders, gastrointestinal tract disorders, management of cancers, metabolic disorders, and mental health disorders. Towards the end, the book examines the regulatory considerations surrounding microbiome-based therapeutics, and ethical considerations surrounding microbiome-based therapeutics. This book is a comprehensive and cutting-edge guide for researchers, healthcare professionals, and students interested in the field of microbiome research and its potential for transforming healthcare.

This fully updated second edition demonstrates the major impact that the gut microbiota has on human gastrointestinal health, with a special focus on children. The book also explores the potential use of probiotic microorganisms to protect or improve gastrointestinal health in children. Humans are not a single organism: We are a multi-organic structure composed of ourselves and our microbiota, living in close symbiosis since birth and even before. The enormous impact that the billions of microscopic cells in our gut have on our gastrointestinal and systemic health cannot be overstated. The tremendous progress that has been made in the last decade in our still very incomplete understanding of the gut microbiota opens the door to potential applications in human health that were simply unthinkable before. One of the most interesting aspects of this new scientific horizon is the fact that we can identify (or even create in the lab) many of these'friendly bacteria'and use themto protect or improve our health. Thus, strains of probiotic microorganisms are being identified and studied in a variety of clinical scenarios. One of the most studied areas for probiotics is pediatric gastrointestinal health. Topics covered in this book range from the development of the intestinal microbiota in the fetus and neonate to current and potential applications in various conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis or infectious or inflammatory diseases of the child. Written by an international group of preeminent experts in these fields in a rigorous, evidence-based manner, the book is intended for pediatric gastroenterologists, pediatricians, and medical scientists alike.

This book provides recent advances in the understanding of the central processes in the resolution of inflammation. It also describes the active, specialized pathways that bring the resolution of inflammation. Further, the book examines the key molecular and cellular events that are involved in the resolution of inflammation processes involved in tissue repair and regain of physiological function. Importantly, it sheds light on the cellular and molecular processes through which conventional inflammatory cytokines control mammalian tissue repair and regeneration. It also explores the perturbation of processes that are involved in the resolution of inflammation with aging and reviews clinical trials of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory therapies. Towards the end, the book discusses the role of inflammation in the development and progression of cancer. This book is an invaluable resource for scientists, academicians, and research scholars interested in the latest cutting-edge knowledge in the field of immunology, inflammation, inflammation resolution, and inflammatory diseases. ​

This book covers all aspects of how various Hormonal diseases affect Skin Health. It covers essential parts of the most common Hormonal disease - Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), i.e., its Pathogenesis, investigations, and individual clinical features with their Line of management.Chapters also provide information about other common yet less discussed hormonal issues like- Diabetes, Thyroid disease, and obesity affecting the skin and what signs and symptoms should be looked for in such patients for early diagnosis and treatment.Hence, this book assists Dermatologists, Consulting Physicians, Post Graduates, and Interns in a holistic understanding and practical management of standards as well as other miscellaneous issues like Diet and Hormones and Urticaria and Hormones.

This book examines the development and applications of system biology approaches for the prevention, diagnosis, and understanding of disease mechanisms. It explores the applications of system biology in infectious diseases, including host-pathogen interaction, and the identification of targets for new therapeutics and intervention strategies. It covers the use of system biology for understanding and treating metabolic disorders towards personalized and precision medicine. The book further discusses the systems biology approaches for understanding the mechanisms of tumor progression and designing more effective cancer therapies. The chapter also reviews the current strategies in autoimmune disease treatment and highlights the opportunity that systems biology represents for the development of better and safer treatments. Importantly, the book discusses the current state of the systems-level understanding of diseases and both the therapeutic and adverse mechanisms of drug actions usingsystem biology approaches. Cutting across the disciplines, this book is a valuable source for researchers in genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, microbiology, and biomedical sciences.​

Environmental risk factors – noise, air pollution, chemical agents, and ultraviolet radiation – impact human health by contributing to the onset and progression of noncommunicable diseases. Accordingly, there is need for preclinical and clinical studies and comprehensive summary of major findings. This book is a state-of-the-art summary of these myriad severe life stressors. The chapters on the different pollutants focus on disease mechanisms (cardiovascular, neurological and metabolic disorders) and on oxidative stress and inflammation. The editors emphasize emerging mechanisms based on dysregulation of the circadian clock, the microbiome, epigenetic pathways, and cognitive function by environmental stressors, and introduce the exposome concept while highlighting existing research gaps.Key Features: Links various environmental stressors to the incidence of noncommunicable diseases Includes chapters on airborne toxins, chemical pollutants, noise, and ultraviolet radiation stressors Contributions from an international team of leading researchers Summarizes the impacts of stressors on disease mechanisms

En France, les maladies cardio-vasculaires liées à l'athérosclérose coronaire sont la 2ème cause de mortalité. Certains facteurs de risque, de plus en plus fréquents et très souvent liés au mode de vie, ont été répertoriés, tels l'obésité, l'hypertension artérielle, l'hypercholestérolémie, le diabète. Des moyens efficaces de lutte contre ces facteurs existent et les preuves scientifiques ont démontré leur efficacité. Ce livre aborde d'une part les théories sur le développement de l'athérosclérose, les facteurs de risque, les thérapeutiques, et d'autre part les pratiques portant sur l'activité physique recommandée et les conseils alimentaires. En tant que professionnels de santé et/ou passionnés par ce thème, vous pourrez informer et accompagner toute personne souhaitant préserver son capital santé en faisant les bons choix pour un mode de vie protecteur.

The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a generic measure of health effect that can be used in cost-effectiveness analysis as an alternative to the quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Infectious diseases are one of the major to cause significant losses of DALY and QALY. Human infectious diseases are disorders that are triggered by the micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites. The majority of such diseases are contagious and create a public health menace. There are several reasons why infectious diseases are deadly diseases, and one of the primary reasons is the drug resistance developed over time. Drug resistance-associated mutations are linked to increasing drug efflux, modifications of the drugs, or their targets. Every year, new drugs are being approved by FDA to treat infectious diseases. Nonetheless, the infectious diseases will undoubtedly persist as permanent and main threats to humanity for now and in the future.A total of four books are covered under the series of Infectious drug diseases.- Malarial drug delivery systems- Tubercular drug delivery systems- Viral drug delivery systems- Infectious disease drug delivery systemsInfectious diseases are the world's greatest killers that present one of the most significant health and security challenges. Humans have lived with emerging and re-emerging pathogens since before the documented history of civilization. The only determining fact today is - If the situation is “worse” or “better” than in past. The answer is probably “worse”, may be due significant increase in human population, increased cross-continent mobility, imbalanced (stressed) life style, irregular food habits leading to compromised innate immunity and over or under practiced hygiene routine. When the incidence of such a disease in people increases over 20 years or threatens to increase, it is called an “emerging” disease, and a growing number have made watch lists andheadlines in nearly every country -like highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Ebola virus, food- and waterborne illnesses, and a range of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial diseases TB. This book addresses current and new therapy developments in treating such infectious diseases, updates on finding new drugs, identification of innovative diagnostic methods, understanding of disease research models and clinical trials performances of new treatment modalities.Audiences from a broad range of groups, from researchers, academicians, and public health bodies to regulatory experts, can benefit from the compiled information to learn more about patient needs and current research advances in the field of infectious diseases and related research.

The only textbook for PA students by PA educators that covers everything you need to know for your clinical medicine courses. This groundbreaking clinical textbook designed specifically for physician assistant students was developed by PA educators to ensure that you have the exact information you need to succeed in your challenging clinical medicine courses. Designed with the unique PA curriculum in mind, Clinical Medicine for Physician Assistants addresses current ARC-PA standards, providing you with a single go-to resource for all the topics you'll need to master. Organized by body system, this text provides the in-depth, head-to-toe foundation you'll need as you prepare to move into clinical practice. Not only does it cover hundreds of clinical conditions, but it also provides important insights on how to manage the most common chief complaints, system by system, with useful algorithms to guide you through patient visits. Chapters include a digestible and methodical review of conditions, including pathophysiology, etiology, history, signs and symptoms, physical exam, and diagnosis details for each. Also included are treatment options, patient education, and special considerations for various patient populations. Additionally, you'll find key points at the end of each chapter, along with knowledge checks to help you synthesize and apply what you learned. Key Features: The first clinical medicine textbook developed for PAs by PAs specifically for the PA curriculum Designed to reflect current ARC-PA competencies and standards for clinical medicine courses Covers all the clinical topics on the current NCCPA PANCE blueprint and more Includes chapters on surgery, abuse, care of the LGBTQ+ patient population, and preventive medicine More than 300 four-color illustrations, dozens of algorithms, and 600 useful tables and boxes to facilitate learning Key points and knowledge checks to reinforce learning Useful guidance for navigating common chief complaints Robust instructor resources, including an instructor manual, PowerPoint lectures, case studies, and a test bank with more than 1,000 questions

This book makes the case that disparities in health outcomes affecting people of West Central African descent in the United States (African Americans) are due, in large part, to evolutionary physiological adaptations to potentially lethal infectious organisms in the ancestral environment of sub-Saharan Africa, in particular Plasmodium falciparum, coupled with exposures unique to the environment of North America. According to the proposed theory, inherited characteristics acquired over millennia from adaptations to endemic tropical organisms helped to increase survivability in the original African environment. However, in the different natural and dietary environment of North America, these adaptations render people of West Central African descent susceptible to the same chronic diseases that affect other Americans. The theory has implications for disease treatment and for overall health and longevity.

This book provides scientific reports on the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants using animal models and provides information on the beneficial role of medicinal plants on human diseases. It looks at a number of medicinal plants and examines the medicinal properties and activities of the plants for a variety of health issues, such as for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, organ dysfunctions, cancer, labor and postpartum issues, and more. The therapeutic mechanisms of some phytoconstituents are also discussed.

Natural Immunomodulators: Promising Therapy for Disease Management discusses the use of natural immunomodulators as a promising therapy for managing various diseases.The book begins with an introduction to the immune system and the ways in which it can be modulated. This is followed by a discussion on the various diseases and disorders associated with the immune system, including autoimmune disorders, allergies, and immune deficiency conditions.The natural sources of immunomodulators, including plants, herbs, and other natural substances is also explained along with the importance of standardizing natural immunomodulator drugs, including the methods used to ensure their quality and consistency.The book also delves into the chemistry and analytical techniques used to study immunomodulators, clinical and pre-clinical bioassays. The next couple of chapters focus on the use of natural immunomodulators in cancer, the therapy of cancer and infectious diseases. Drug delivery and the strategy and regulatory perspective for natural immunomodulators. The final 2 chapters round up the contents with information about synthetic immunomodulators and the future perspective for the use of immunomodulators in disease management.Natural Immunomodulators: Promising Therapy for Disease Management is a comprehensive guide to the use of natural immunomodulators as a therapy for various diseases, and is a valuable resource for professionals and students interested in this topic. The book is aimed at health care professionals such as medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and life science and nutritionist professionals, as well as students.

Dieses Buch befasst sich mit der Komplexität von Diabetes und den damit verbundenen Komplikationen und stellt die sozioökonomische Belastung durch die Krankheit dar, wobei die steigende Prävalenz, die pandemische Ausmaße erreicht, und die damit verbundenen Kosten berücksichtigt werden. Die Faktoren, die zu einer hohen Diabetesprävalenz führen, und der Einfluss der pharmazeutischen Industrie werden bewertet, und es werden Lösungen für eine nachhaltige Diabetesversorgung mit begrenzten Ressourcen aufgezeigt, einschließlich einer nationalen Konzentration auf eine kosteneffiziente Diabetesbehandlung, Ernährung und körperliche Bewegung, strukturierte Diabetesaufklärung und ein zentrales nationales elektronisches Gesundheitssystem. Darüber hinaus werden in diesem Buch langfristige Bemühungen zur Eindämmung der Diabeteslast durch Präventionsmaßnahmen vorgestellt.Managing Diabetes in Low Income Countries'ist ein unverzichtbarer Leitfaden für Kliniker und Forscher in der Diabetesversorgung, Medizinstudenten und Kliniker in der Ausbildung, Entscheidungsträger in der Diabetespolitik, Regulierungsbehörden, internationale Diabetes- und Patientenorganisationen, die alle an der aktuellen klinischen Praxis der Diabetesversorgung beteiligt sind.

Understanding the Behavioral and Medical Impact of Long COVID serves to expand the research around the illness in order to enable health care researchers and practitioners to address the questions that are imperative to individuals suffering from this condition. Through its multi-faceted approach, the book puts forth a maturation of research and interventions that are theoretically sound, empirically valid, innovative, and creative in the Long COVID area.As a scholarly and scientific compilation of Long COVID symptoms and related disorders, this book offers unparalleled insight into the critical developments across medical areas treating this illness. It helps to fill the space that the pandemic had created for knowledge of the condition, and contributes to the emerging emphasis on translational research blending the social sciences and biological fields. By putting forth the most optimal medical care practices in the treatment of complex Long COVID symptoms, this practical anthology will serve as a guide for practicing clinicians in assessment as well as treatment. It will also benefit researchers aiming to gain more understanding of Long COVID through its discussion around the critical developments in other medical areas treating the condition, and paves the way for the collaboration and future research needed to best support the global effort to mitigate the effects of this illness.This book will be essential reading for academics, practitioners, and researchers. It will appeal to individuals engaging with the fields of medicine, public policy, psychology, and for researchers looking to gain clarity about our current understanding of Long COVID. It will further be of interest to public/government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and the general public wanting to gain more information about these ambiguous and evasive symptoms.

A tool kit to support both practitioners and the lay person in reducing Lyme symptoms and improving well-being by using medicinal plants. Using a wealth of well researched and in-depth information, recipes, and methods of monitoring progress, this book will help improve well-being for sufferers of Lyme disease. Through the lenses of herbal medicine and nutritional guidance, this book will provide a comprehensive understanding of Lyme disease and it's co-infections. Patients and practitioners have found it difficult to obtain reliable and effective information, test results and treatment. This book aims to address these challenges, explaining the complexity of Lyme disease and how to support people going through this multi-system illness.

This book illustrates the role of the human microbiome in health and diseases. It discusses the association of an imbalanced human microbiome with different human diseases, including inflammatory, metabolic conditions, neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The book further reviews the association between intestinal microbiota and immune defense systems. The book provides evolving knowledge of the development, complexity, and functionality of the healthy gut microbiota and covers interventions that modulate and stabilize the gut microbiota. Further, it introduces the human microbiome as a reservoir of AMR genes, the current knowledge on the resistome, and the recent and upcoming advances in molecular diagnostic approaches to unravel this reservoir. Toward the end, the book reviews the advances in understanding the human urinary microbiome and its potential role in urinary tract infection. The chapter also presents the dynamics of the skin microbiome and the association of microbiota with skin disorders and therapeutic interventions. This book is an invaluable read for health professionals, medical students, microbiologists, and scientific research communities who are eager to update themselves with recent trends in microbiome research.

'Pharmacological Benefits of Natural Agents compiles the beneficial effects of bioactive natural agents with reference to many disease conditions and considers the challenges and future directions for their use. Covering key topics such as cancer, pharmaceutical activities, bioactive compounds, and treatments, this reference work is ideal for medical professionals, pharmacists, biologists, policymakers, researchers, scholars, practitioners, academicians, instructors, and students'--

Common Pediatric Diseases: An Updated Review informs the reader about common diseases in children that are encountered by pediatricians and family physicians. Each of the 14 chapters in the volume presents updated information for readers with the aim to give them a current perspective on the topic. This book is a handy and practical compendium for medical students and healthcare professionals involved in general practice and pediatric clinics.The text starts with a quick introduction to pediatric diseases, before progressing towards specific diseases in children. The list of topics in this book includes pediatric rheumatological diseases, common oral diseases, pediatric metabolic syndromes, pediatric epilepsy syndromes, pediatric demyelinating disorder, genetic epileptic encephalopathies (with an algorithmic diagnostic approach), Henoch-Sch amp;amp;ouml;nlein purpura, atopic dermatitis, childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus, Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, PFAPA, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis syndrome and pediatric hepatoblastoma.[Series Intro]Updates on Pediatric Health and Disease is a comprehensive series of books on infant and adolescent health and diseases. The series features volumes that update readers on current understanding in basic information and advanced clinical practice in pediatric medicine. Neonatology as well as different diseases in all subspecialties of pediatrics, including allergy and immunology, cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology, infectious diseases, nephrology, oncology, pulmonology, rheumatology, neurology, psychiatry and dermatology are represented in each volume.

The handbook comprehensively reviews the therapeutic potential of stem cells and stem cell secretome-based cell-free strategies in regenerative medicine. The chapters in section I and section II respectively discuss the diverse applications of mesenchymal stem cells and non- mesenchymal stem cells, including skeletal myoblasts, endothelial progenitor cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and neuronal stem cells in myocardial repair, inflammatory bowel disease, cognitive deficits, wound healing, retinal disorders, and COVID-19. The subsequent chapters in section IIIprimarily focused on the fast-emerging cell-free therapy approach in regenerative medicine for tissue repair and regeneration. These chapters review the impact of stem cell-derived secretome on various biological processes such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tissue repair, immunomodulation, musculoskeletal pathologies, wound healing, anti-fibrotic, and anti-tumorigenesis for tissue maintenance and regeneration.Lastly, section IV summarizes miscellaneous aspects of cell-based therapy, includingthe treatment advantages, opportunities, and shortcomings in stem cell-based therapy, potentially helping to refine future studies and translate them from experimental to clinical studies. Moreover, this section also has chapters on cancer stem cells as novel targets in cancer therapeutics. This Major Reference Book (MRW) is a valuable resource for researchers involved in stem cell research to understand the multifaceted therapeutic applications of stem cells and their derivative secretome in regenerative medicine.​

This book presents a comprehensive collection of classic cases and problem scenarios encountered as bedside case discussions during ward rounds. It facilitates the practical management of hepatic disorders. The unique aspect of hepatology involves the blend of the basic tenet of clinical medicine applied to liver disease and a multitude of interventional modalities in the management of liver, biliary, and pancreatic diseases. This book takes the reader through the process of ruling in and ruling out possibilities based on clinical data (history and examination) and then traces the logical trajectory of each case from recommended investigations to the analysis of test results and finally to making a syndromic diagnosis. By adopting an evidence-based approach, the book emphasizes analytical and need-based studies to exclude any mimics. This book helps practice hepatologists and gastroenterologists for a systematic approach towards the most common cases.

This book presents the surgical therapy of obesity and metabolic diseases in a practice-oriented and detailed way. The specific surgical procedures with their indications, performance and risks are described precisely in words and pictures. Special emphasis is placed on the choice of the appropriate surgical procedure for the individual patient. In addition to the mechanisms of action, interdisciplinary preoperative evaluation of the patient and postoperative aftercare are explained. Furthermore, surgical, internal and psychosomatic complications and complication management are described. Information on obesity center organization and alternative bariatric therapies complete the volume.This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Adipositas- und metabolische Chirurgie by Jürgen Ordemann & Ulf Elbelt, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature in 2017. The translation was donewith the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.

This book provides an up-to-date review of the fundamentals of sphingolipid metabolism and its role in metabolic diseases. Focusing on the sphingolipid de novo synthesis pathway, the effect of sphingomyelin, ceramide, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, and linkage between sphingolipids and other lipids, such as cholesterol, it covers serine palmitoyltransferase, ceramide synthases, ceramidases, sphingosine kinases, and sphingomyelin synthases, and more. While highlighting how rare diseases related to abnormal glycosphingolipid metabolism, this publication introduces sphingolipid metabolism-related diseases, such as lung diseases and cancers, as well as sphingolipid circadian regulation. The book demonstrates advances and limitations of research on sphingolipid metabolism and its roles in metabolic diseases and other diseases. It offers graduate students and researchers a coherent overview of sphingolipids, as well as the limitations of current research in the field, and promotes further studies on metabolic diseases, as well as pharmaceutical research on drug discovery based on sphingolipid de novo synthase.

Biomarkers in Medicine is a comprehensive guide to understanding the current and future status of biomarkers. The book features 27 chapters focusing on disease biomarkers for diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac diseases, metabolic conditions and much more.This book supplies readers with the unique insight of experts in multiple specialties in medicine and life sciences who have extensive experience in diagnostics and clinical laboratories. The book includes case studies and practical examples from different classes of biomarkers on different platforms, including new data for biomarkers in different therapeutic indications. In addition to presenting biomarker information, each chapter covers the relevant pathology and also emphasizes on preclinical and clinical manifestation of the disease process.Clinicians managing patients or clinical trials, clinical researchers, clinical laboratories, diagnostic companies, regulatory agencies, medical school graduate students, academic students, and the general public involved in healthcare delivery will all benefit from information presented in this book.

This open access book is supported by the European Atherosclerosis Society Association (EAS). This follow-up edition of the well-received Handbook volume'Atherosclerosis: Diet and Drugs'reflects the state-of-the-art and most recent developments in atherosclerosis research. Outstanding international experts give a comprehensive overview of the field covering topics, such as improving the treatment focusing on established targets, novel drug developments addressing pre-defined targets, hypothesis-based and hypothesis-free approaches to unravel novel targets.

This textbook includes 70 chapters contributed by an exceptional group of experts in all areas of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases, bringing a multi-disciplinary approach to treatments. The book is designed to cover all aspects of the liver and pancreatic anatomy and pathology, as well as therapy. The topics are comprehensively reviewed, and as well as summarizing the previous works, the authors provide discussions of practice-changing techniques and approaches to therapy of HBP cancers. Treating the diseases in hepato-pancreato-biliary regions is particularly difficult due to the complex anatomy, aggressive biological behavior, and poor prognosis. Therefore, ample illustrations are included to tackle these challenges.The IASGO Textbook of Multi-Disciplinary Management of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases aims to update the academic and non-academic medical professionals, such as surgeons, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, gastroenterologists, interventional radiologists, radiologists, basic scientists. In collaboration with the International Association of Surgeons, Gastroenterologists and Oncologists (IASGO), delivers a valuable and well-organized textbook for medical professionals.

This book aims to illuminate the causes, incidence, and treatments of Hepatocellular Carcinoma(HCC) or liver cancer in the politically important and societally diverse region of the Middle East. Taking a flexible and inclusive view, it examines the influences of geography, crops and diet, ethnicity, and local behavior on both diagnosis and outcomes of this disease. Understanding the different causes of liver cancer enables effective strategies for both prevention and early diagnosis while knowledge of the different treatment modalities, their uses and limitations, availability and costs, works to inform rational treatment provision and selection. Divided into four sections, this book considers the causes and clinical syndromes associated with HCC, provides a detailed overview of clinical HCC and treatment modalities, describes country-specific clinical HCC experience and practice, and considers future needs and the potential for HCC collaborations across the region. Liver Cancer in the Middle East is a useful resource for clinicians seeking insight into the second highest cause of death from cancer worldwide, governments planning social and medical services for their peoples, as well as for international aid agencies prioritizing donations.

This book highlights the concordance between signaling pathways that are involved in obesity and cancer cross-talks. It describes the role of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, insulin, and adipokines in the development of obesity-associated cancers. The book reviews the role of inflammatory signaling pathways such as estrogen-mediated signaling, mTOR and AMP-activated protein kinase pathway and the involvement of adaptive and innate immunity, oxidative stress, gene polymorphism, dietary phytochemicals, and miRNAs in obesity and cancer. In addition, it covers the latest research on the drugs and natural therapeutic agents that target obesity-induced cancers and discusses various in vivo models for studying obesity and obesity-associated cancer. Lastly, it analyses the role of genetic polymorphisms in the obesity-related genes that influence cancer development. The book is a useful resource for researchers in the field of cancer, pharmacology, food chemistry, and clinicalbiochemistry.

This practical book provides effective, time-efficient strategies for initiating and continuing productive conversations about weight that can be incorporated into any practice setting. It will benefit all clinicians—advanced practice nurses, physician assistants, physicians—from students to experienced providers, whether they provide obesity treatment or refer to those who do.This guide addresses the numerous barriers that clinicians encounter when they contemplate or attempt conversations about weight and provides strategies to reduce and overcome these barriers. It guides clinicians step-by-step through the concepts and skills needed to have conversations that lead to improved health. Each chapter provides useful tools and information about how to move the conversation forward in a respectful, skillful manner. Real life clinical scenarios provide examples of short, productive conversations that incorporate the tools into clinical practice. Many clinicians recognize the importance of discussing weight with their patients yet feel unprepared to do so. Most did not learn about obesity or how to talk about it in their clinical educational programs and have little access to continuing education. Without the knowledge and skills to start a productive conversation, many avoid the topic. This avoidance has a negative impact on the health of those with obesity and pre-obesity. Given that obesity treatment improves outcomes, it is imperative that clinicians are skilled at discussing weight with knowledge and sensitivity. This book meets that gap.

This book summarizes the effects of obesity on health and its correlation with a wide range of debilitating and life-threatening conditions in humans. It discusses the possible pathological mechanisms that are involved in the development of obesity and highlights obesity-associated molecular mechanisms that contribute to reproductive dysfunctions in men and women. The book provides mechanistic insights on the role of obesity in cardiovascular and respiratory disorders, and examines the role of the complementary molecular mechanism of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity. It also reviews the interaction between the metabolic system and immune cells in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated diseases. Lastly, it assesses the latest advances in nanomedicine as an emerging strategy for the treatment of obesity.

By applying data analytics techniques and machine learning algorithms to predict disease, medical practitioners can more accurately diagnose and treat patients. However, researchers face problems in identifying suitable algorithms for pre-processing, transformations, and the integration of clinical data in a single module, as well as seeking different ways to build and evaluate models. The Handbook of Research on Disease Prediction Through Data Analytics and Machine Learning is a pivotal reference source that explores the application of algorithms to making disease predictions through the identification of symptoms and information retrieval from images such as MRIs, ECGs, EEGs, etc. Highlighting a wide range of topics including clinical decision support systems, biomedical image analysis, and prediction models, this book is ideally designed for clinicians, physicians, programmers, computer engineers, IT specialists, data analysts, hospital administrators, researchers, academicians, and graduate and post-graduate students.

This book covers the complexity of diabetes and related complications and presents the socio-economic burden of the disease, taking into account the rising prevalence reaching pandemic proportions and the associated costs. Factors causing high diabetes prevalence and the influence of the pharmaceutical industry are evaluated and solutions for sustainable diabetes care with limited resources are provided, including national focus on providing cost-effective diabetes treatment, nutrition and physical activity, structured diabetes education and centralized National e-Health System. Moreover, elaboration of long-term efforts to curb the diabetes burden through prevention activities are presented in this book.Managing Diabetes in Low Income Countries represents an essential guide for diabetes care clinicians and researchers, medical students and clinicians in training, diabetes policy makers, regulatory authorities, international diabetes and patient organisations all of whom are involved in current clinical practice for diabetes management.

The complexity of cancer demands an integrated approach from both a cancer biology standpoint and a pharmaceutical basis to understand the different anticancer modalities. Current research has been focused on conventional and newer anticancer modalities, recent discoveries in cancer research, and also the advancements in cancer treatment. There is a current need for more research on the advances in cancer therapeutics that bridge the gap between basic research (pharmaceutical drug development processes, regulatory issues, and translational experimentation) and clinical application. Recent promising discoveries such as immunotherapies, promising therapies undergoing clinical trials, synthetic lethality, carbon beam radiation, and other exciting targeted therapies are being studied to improve and advance the studies of modern cancer treatment. The Handbook of Research on Advancements in Cancer Therapeutics serves as a comprehensive guide in modern cancer treatment by combining and merging the knowledge from both cancer biology and the pharmacology of anticancer modalities. The chapters come from multi-disciplinary backgrounds, including scientists and clinicians from both academia and various industries, to discuss nascent personalized therapies and big data-driven cancer treatment. While highlighting topic areas that include cancer prevention, cancer therapeutics, and cancer treatments through the lenses of technology, medicine/drugs, and alternate therapies, this book is ideally intended for oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgical oncologists, and cancer biologists, along with practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students who are interested in understanding the most fundamental aspects of cancer and the available therapeutic opportunities.

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem affecting over 415 million people in the world. Extensive research over the decades and the recent discovery of new medicines have revolutionized our understanding and treatment of both type 2 diabetes and type 1 diabetes mellitus. This book contains selected topics that describe recent advances in research, and state of the art treatment of the two types of diabetes mellitus and their complications. The topics encompass epidemiology and pathogenesis of diabetes, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and related complications. The chapters contain essential background materials, as well as recent advances in researches in different aspects of diabetes mellitus. The books is expected to be useful for researchers, research students, as well as for the clinicians engaged in diabetes care and diabetes research.

This edited volume includes some of the latest research pertaining to the topics of health and disease. Chapter One examines the interplay between molecular redox signaling and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Chapter Two discusses the origin and mechanism of antibody development, autoantibodies'association with disease, and the available therapeutic interventions. Chapter Three describes the microbial diversity of breast milk and the factors influencing this diversity. Chapter Four collects the evidence on adolescent bone growth, nutrition, physical activity, and hormonal changes related to occurrence of osteoporosis later in life. Chapter Five reviews evidence regarding the effects of allopurinol and febuxostat in kidney disease. Lastly, Chapter Six examines the phenomenon of elevated serum uric acid in patients with chronic kidney disease.