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While the terms'power'and'rights'are increasingly incorporated into the language of development agencies they have yet to fully permeate the practice of poverty reduction. Acknowledging that this partly results from a lack of clarity over the concepts of power and rights and partly from questions of how to operationalize these ideas, the World Bank and the UK Department for International Development co-sponsored a series of short papers for focusing on enhancing understanding of the relationships between power, rights, and poverty reductions. Following discussion during a two day working meeting, this publication brings together the edited papers, along with a selection of supplementary materials. A first series of papers addresses competing definitions and conceptual issues around power and rights, illustrating these with experiences observing and applying the concepts in practice in different countries. Following this, papers address topics aimed at helping development practitioners to apply these concepts to their work. Part II contains the supplemental materials, including a summary of the major theoretical conceptualizations of power, and an overview of the literature on power and rights. Prepared by leading thinkers on the topics of power and rights these materials offer both development professionals and students of development studies succinct summaries of the relationship between theory and practice

The experience accumulated in the wake of more than two decades of sustained effort to promote growth and change in the low-income countries presents a rich field for scholarly inquiry and new insights into the development process. The success and failures of such projects, the new skills and attitudes they impart, and the internal tensions they sometimes generate obviously have an important bearing on the next stages of a county's development effort. Yet little has become known about these truly formative experiences which are due to the behavior—and misbehavior—of development projects. In this recent volume, Professor Albert O. Hirschman turns his attention to the ways in which decision making is molded, activated, or hampered by the specific nature of the project that is undertaken; for example, the establishment and operation of a pulp and paper mill in east Pakistan, an irrigation project in Peru, railway expansion in Nigeria, and other development undertakings. In some parts of the present inquiry Hirschman elaborates on his earlier writings in this series; and occasionally, he qualifies or modifies his previous conclusions; the bulk of the study explores new territory.

This annual conference is a global gathering of the world's leading scholars and practitioners. Among the attendees are participants from developing countries, think tanks, NGOs, and international institutions. The papers included in this book concern issues such as:-inequality and growth in transition; -trade liberalization, inequality and poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean; -can economic policy overcome geographic disadvantage in Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States; and -patterns of spatial convergence and divergence in India and China.

The seventeen seminal essays by Robert J. Gordon collected here, including three previously unpublished works, offer sharply etched views on the principal topics of macroeconomics - growth, inflation, and unemployment. The author re-examines their salient points in a uniquely creative, accessible introduction that serves on its own as an introduction to modern macroeconomics. Each of the four parts into which the essays are grouped also offers a new introduction. The papers in Part I explore different key aspects of the history, theory, and measurement of productivity growth. The essays in Part II investigate the sources of business cycles and productivity fluctuations. Those in Part III cover the effects of supply shocks in macroeconomics. The final group presents empirical studies of the dynamics of inflation in the United States. The foreword by Nobel Laureate Robert M. Solow comments on the abiding importance of these essays drawn from 1968 to the present.

It is now widely recognised that rising inequality of income and wealth on the one hand and a slowdown in the rate of economic growth on the other are two of the most important challenges faced today by the global economy as well as by most of the developing economies. This book starts by explaining how these two issues are interrelated. There is no dearth of books on the role that the economic policies of the government can play in meeting these twin challenges. The role of business managers in the private sector of the economy, however, is a relatively neglected area. This book seeks to close this gap in the literature. The central message of the book is that, contrary to popular belief, it is in the interests of private business itself that business managers take into account the effects that their decisions have on the economy as a whole. It is shown that a failure to do so would hurt their own economic prospects in both the short run and the long. Emphasis is given on the importance of an appropriate orientation of managerial decisions and on the role of investors (i.e. the suppliers of capital) in inducing managers to take socially optimal decisions. The book is addressed as much to business managers and students in management courses as to the general reader. Therefore, no prior knowledge of advanced economic theory is presumed. All arguments are built from first principles.

Blue Ocean Strategy, the #1 global bestseller, forever changed how the world thinks about strategy. Now W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne offer up a bold, new idea that will transform how we all think about innovation and growth.Disruption dominates innovation theory and practice. But disruption, for all its power, is destructive—displacing jobs, companies, and even entire industries. Are we missing an alternative approach to innovation and growth?With three decades of research, the #1 global bestselling authors of Blue Ocean Strategy, W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, reveal another way to innovate and grow. Just as Blue Ocean Strategy redefined the essence of strategy as creating not competing, Beyond Disruption redefines and expands the existing view of innovation by introducing a new approach, nondisruptive creation, that is free from the destructive displacement that happens when innovators set out to disrupt.Kim and Mauborgne reveal the distinct advantages of nondisruptive creation to business and society, showing how this new approach to innovation allows companies to grow while also being a force for good. With examples that reach across all sectors of the economy and a practical framework for guiding innovation efforts, this book shows:Why nondisruptive creation matters to all of us and why it is likely to become even more important in the futureHow it complements disruption and how you can identify and execute on nondisruptive opportunitiesHow companies can more thoughtfully pursue their growth and innovation strategies in a way that better balances business and societyA practical guide for driving innovation and growth, the rich research behind the book, coupled with its frame-breaking message, make it the must-read book for the next generation of innovators.

A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.

This book is about innovation ecosystems, Clusters of Innovation (COI) and the Global Networks of Clusters of Innovation (GNCOI) they naturally form. What is innovation and why is it important to us? Innovation is nothing less than the ability for constructive response and adaptation to change. The cause and catalyst for that change is frequently identified as technology and its unceasing pressure to improve on existing solutions and address unmet needs. The last decade has painfully demonstrated that exogenous environmental shocks are also sources of change that call for innovative responses, ranging from the obvious challenges such as global warming and Covid-19 to the more subtle social and political perturbations of our time.Entrepreneurs, in collaboration with venture investors and major corporations can create a flywheel of constructive engagement, a cluster of Innovation, that helps build the resiliency of our communities to adsorb and rebound from these shocks. The process is enhanced when actively supported by government, universities, and other elements of the ecosystem. This book provides the tools for understanding this value creation process and the means to enhance it, in both emerging and mature innovation ecosystems.This book provides a framework for understanding innovation in mature and emerging innovation ecosystems to a wide swath of professionals and academics, from senior executives of major corporations, government leaders, public policy makers, and consultants, to academics, researchers, and educators.

Social sciences are made up of science disciplines that research humanity, society, and the world with a human dimension, and therefore its domain of influence is also serious and wide. Naturally, the social scientist has the power to influence society with his/her research and writing. This book aims to add the contributions of academicians from different disciplines to the social sciences fields they specialize in the academic literature and to give an idea about new researches. The book contains scientific articles on business, economics, public finance, tourism, and international relations.

This book provides a critical deconstruction of the human development framework promoted by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) since 1990. Taking the Human Development Reports of the UNDP as its starting point for reflection, this book investigates the construction of this framework as well as its political function since the end of the Cold War. The book argues that the UNDP's discourse on development relies on essentialist philosophical, cultural, and political assumptions dating back to the 19th century and concludes that these assumptions – also present in the MDGs and SDGs – impede a full grasp of the complex and multi-layered global problems of the current world. Whilst development critiques traditionally relied on liberal, Marxist or Foucauldian theoretical frameworks and focused on epistemological or political economy issues, this book draws on the post-foundational and post-structuralist work of Ernesto Laclau and Jacques Derrida and proposes an ontological and relational reading of development discourses that both complements and further develops the insights of previous critiques. This book is key reading for advanced students and researchers of Critical Development Studies, Political Science, the UN, and Sustainable Development.

This volume brings together select texts representative of the full range of intellectual output of one of the greatest and most eclectic economists of our time, Albert O. Hirschman. Covering a time span of over forty years, they recall his most prominent books and include many additional themes taken from essays of wide-ranging origin and content. The title How Economics Should Be Complicated has the dual sense of an endpoint and a central and recurrent theme in the author's experience, which unfolds in his critical—but constructive—relationship with economic theory, his openness to other social sciences and his democratic and'possibilist'political inspiration. This stands as the basis of an important lesson in intellectual rebirth.

If your firm doesn't grow sustainably, can you grow professionally? Growth should be an integral part of every company, and organic internal growth must be carefully managed in order to foster successful and sustainable growth. In Organic Growth Disciplines, business expert Devanathan Sudharshan introduces a new framework for exploring the fuzzy front end of the search for growth opportunities. Bringing together six organic growth disciplines, this new approach arms readers with a language to use in professional discussions on the growth-based future of their firms. The disciplines detailed are rooted in explorations of opportunities involving knowledge, technology, needs, customers, pricing, leveraging, and acceleration. Looking at examples from businesses and industries at the forefront of today's society, including Google, Apple and Amazon, and Zappos, this book not only looks at what organic growth disciplines are, but also how to implement them in your company. Written for both practitioners and students, this fresh look at growing organically provokes its readers to imagine new horizons. It is an invaluable addition to existing books on new product, technology, and strategic management.

An indispensable study of the Egyptian economy from 1952 to the present day, new in paperback What are the long-term structural features of the Egyptian economy? What are the factors that have facilitated or inhibited its performance? This crucial and timely work answers these questions and more by examining the most important economic decisions to have impacted the Egyptian economy since 1952 and the political factors behind them. Drawing on Khalid Ikram's extensive knowledge of economic policymaking at the highest levels, The Political Economy of Reforms in Egypt, 1952-2016 lays out the enduring features of the Egyptian economy and its performance since 1952 before presenting an account of policy-making, growth and structural change under the country's successive presidents to the present day. Topics covered include agrarian reforms; the Aswan High Dam; the move towards Arab socialism and a planned economy; the reversal of strategy and the infitah; fiscal, monetary, and exchange-rate policies; consumer subsidies; external debt crises; negotiations between Egypt and international donors and financial institutions; privatization; labor and employment; and poverty and income distribution. The analysis concludes with an examination of institutional reforms and development strategies to tackle the Egyptian economy's structural problems and lay the foundation for sustained and rapid growth. Written from the point of view of a'participant-observer,'this book will be indispensable to students of political economy, to scholars of Egypt and the Middle East, and to the general reader who wishes to understand, especially from the wealth of insider information provided, how domestic and international politics and economics can interact to shape decisions that promote, or prevent, economic reforms.

The book interrogates privatisation in terms of its effectiveness vis-à-vis its stated goals and more fundamentally in terms of its success in delivering economic development. It investigates why privatisation was successful in the UK and other OECD countries and why it has not met with equal success in developing countries. In this regard, it further examines the policy prescriptions of the IMF and World Bank in relation to the conceptualised benefits and theoretical assumptions underlying these supposed benefits. The author assesses the extent to which culture and customs, indeed the mode of production, stand in determinate relationship to the goals, techniques and outcome of the process. Furthermore, Chang examines the degree to which socioeconomic and moral consequences of privatisation have been ignored in pursuit of the ideological imperative implicit in the Washington Consensus. Hence, the book contributes to the reflective thought that must necessarily be part of theory validation, and provides the basis for a balanced and empirically-valid theory of privatisation.

This book is intended to be complementary to the volume entitled «Economic Growth and Development» published in 2015. In the first chapter, Francesco Macheda contributes a thorough analysis of historical developments. In the following chapters, Hasan Gürak is reporting on rather important global issues regarding long-run growth and the progress of developing countries, such as the Brain Drain, Types of Capital, The Legend of Savings equals Investment and the Middle-Income Trap. Qualified brains or synonymously qualified labor is a sine qua non for economic growth and development. But the developing countries seem to lose their most valuable inputs of production to the developed countries in return for nothing. Capital is one of the essential factors of economic growth and development. Yet there is no consensus on the definition of capital. In fact, there are various types of capital which are simply ignored in the economic textbooks. The savings equal investment (S = I) approach is still used in contemporary textbooks emphasizing its relationship to growth. The author evaluates how realistic this perception is. According to an argument there might be an end to growth for some Middle-Income Countries that are caught in a trap. Gürak claims that there is no deliberately engineered ‹trap›.

Innovation studies is an evolving interdisciplinary field that has moved away from the weaknesses of neoclassical thinking and embraced evolutionary theory. In this timely book, the authors offer a precise introduction to the nature of national innovation systems (NIS), examining the history of the concept and its use in today's world.This book uses language appropriate for both social science and engineering scholars to offer an accurate synopsis of the emergence of the concept, its theoretical core and its evolution. It analyses both developed and developing countries in terms of their NIS and its application to current societal challenges, such as economic growth, inclusive development and environmental sustainability, in an increasingly globalized and interconnected world. Key features include:•three authors from three different generations and countries offer an overview of NIS from around the worldextensive use of examples from the Global North and Global Southrecommended in-depth reading after each topical chapteroverview of future research challengesup-to-date review of the literature and engagement in current debates.Erudite and accessible, this unique book on NIS can easily be used for undergraduate and graduate teaching. It is a valuable, and much-needed resource for teachers, students and researchers at all levels.

Economic growth is one of the primary goals for all countries. There are many factors that contribute to a healthy and stable economy, and studying these emerging methods and techniques can aid in creating sustainable economic growth. Business Infrastructure for Sustainability in Developing Economies is a comprehensive reference source filled with informative discussions on the socio-economic expansion of developing nations. Featuring dynamic topics such as supply chain management, foreign trade deficits, service quality, and sustainable energy solutions, this book is an ideal resource for business managers, practitioners, professionals, and researchers who are interested in discovering the most recent trends and solutions in sustainable economic growth.

In recent years, smart specialisation has been a key building block of regional economic and development policy across the European Union. Providing targeted support for innovation and research, it has helped identify those areas of greatest strategic potential, developing mechanisms to involve the fullest range of stakeholders, before setting strategic priorities and using the policy to maximize the knowledge-based potential of a region or territory.Governing Smart Specialisation contributes to the emerging debate about the role of the ‘entrepreneurial discovery process'(EDP), which is at the heart of smart specialisation strategies for regional economic transformation. Particular focus in placed on what methods, procedures and institutional conditions are necessary in order to generate information that helps buttress policy decisions. It draws on existing literature that analyses the relevance of EDP within smart specialisation for regional policy. Chapters are complemented with case studies about regions with different geographical and socioeconomic characteristics in Europe: from Norwegian regions to the Greek region of East Macedonia and Thrace. As one of the first books to directly address the EDP, this is essential reading for students interested in regional economics, public policy, urban studies and technology innovation, as well as for policy makers in regional and national administrations.

The infrastructure of a country has significant effects on both the lives of its citizens and its place in international markets. As such, it is imperative to develop policies to promote the quality of a nation's infrastructure. The Handbook of Research on Economic, Financial, and Industrial Impacts on Infrastructure Development is a pivotal reference source for the latest scholarly research on various initiatives and policies developed to enhance the current infrastructure of modern nations. Including the role of economics, finance, and multiple industry perspectives, this book covers a range of pertinent topics such as R&D initiatives, foreign direct investment, and trade liberalization, and this publication is an ideal reference source for researchers, academics, practitioners, and students interested in recent trends in infrastructure development.

In contemporary society, it is vital for countries to consistently seek new ways to provide stable growth for their increasing populations. As such, it is important to stay on top of the most current strategies and trends that promote strong industrial and economic development. Transcontinental Strategies for Industrial Development and Economic Growth provides a comprehensive examination of the latest strategies and techniques for growing and maintaining an economically-sound community. Highlighting innovative research on relevant topics such as budget preparation processes, management philosophies, and global competitiveness, this publication is an ideal resource for all professionals, practitioners, business owners, and researchers who are seeking advanced academic perspectives on strategies for industrial development and economic growth.

There is much discussion about global poverty and the billions of people living with almost nothing. Why is it that governments, development banks, think-tanks, academics, NGOs and many others can't just fix the problem? Why is it that seemingly obvious reforms never happen? Why are prosperity and equity so elusive? Is the current backlash against globalization another show-stopper? The revised second edition of Economic Development: What Everyone Needs to Know® brings readers right into the trenches of development policies to show what practitioners are actually doing and explains the issues, dilemmas, options, frustrations and opportunities they face, day in and day out. In straightforward language and a question-and-answer format, Marcelo M. Giugale outlines the frontier of the development practice or, as he puts it,'...the point at which knowledge stops and ignorance begins.'He takes readers from why it is so difficult to get governments to function, to the basic policies that economies need to work well, the powerful new tools for social assistance, and the challenges of inclusion, education, health, infrastructure, technology, data, and foreign aid. Giugale gives no definitive, universal answers. They don't really exist. Rather, he highlights what works, what doesn't, and what's promising. Drawing from examples across the world, his overall message is clear: economic development, and the poverty reduction that goes with it, have never been more possible for more countries.

Why are some countries rich and others poor? David N. Weil, one of the top researchers in economic growth, introduces students to the latest theoretical tools, data, and insights underlying this pivotal question. By showing how empirical data relate to new and old theoretical ideas, Economic Growth provides students with a complete introduction to the discipline and the latest research. With its comprehensive and flexible organization, Economic Growth is ideal for a wide array of courses, including undergraduate and graduate courses in economic growth, economic development, macro theory, applied econometrics, and development studies.

Our intuition on how the world works could well be wrong. We are surprised when new competitors burst on the scene, or businesses protected by large and deep moats find their defenses easily breached, or vast new markets are conjured from nothing. Trend lines resemble saw-tooth mountain ridges. The world not only feels different. The data tell us it is different. Based on years of research by the directors of the McKinsey Global Institute, No Ordinary Disruption: The Four Forces Breaking all the Trends is a timely and important analysis of how we need to reset our intuition as a result of four forces colliding and transforming the global economy: the rise of emerging markets, the accelerating impact of technology on the natural forces of market competition, an aging world population, and accelerating flows of trade, capital and people. Our intuitions formed during a uniquely benign period for the world economy -- often termed the Great Moderation. Asset prices were rising, cost of capital was falling, labour and resources were abundant, and generation after generation was growing up more prosperous than their parents. But the Great Moderation has gone. The cost of capital may rise. The price of everything from grain to steel may become more volatile. The world's labor force could shrink. Individuals, particularly those with low job skills, are at risk of growing up poorer than their parents. What sets No Ordinary Disruption apart is depth of analysis combined with lively writing informed by surprising, memorable insights that enable us to quickly grasp the disruptive forces at work. For evidence of the shift to emerging markets, consider the startling fact that, by 2025, a single regional city in China -- Tianjin -- will have a GDP equal to that of the Sweden, of that, in the decades ahead, half of the world's economic growth will come from 440 cities including Kumasi in Ghana or Santa Carina in Brazil that most executives today would be hard-pressed to locate on a map. What we are now seeing is no ordinary disruption but the new facts of business life -- facts that require executives and leaders at all levels to reset their operating assumptions and management intuition.

Global recessions and structural economic shifts are motivating government and business leaders worldwide to increasingly look to'their'universities to stimulate regional development and to contribute to national competiveness. The challenge is clear and the question is pressing: How will universities respond?This book presents in-depth case narratives of ten universities from Norway, Finland, Sweden, UK, and the U.S. that have overcome significant challenges to develop programs and activities to commercialize scientific research, launch entrepreneurial degree programs, establish industry partnerships, and build entrepreneurial cultures and ecosystems. The universities are quite diverse: large and small; teaching and research focused; internationally recognized and relatively new; located in major cities and in emerging regions. Each case narrative describes challenges overcome, actions taken, and resulting accomplishments.This volume will be of interest to policymakers and university administrators as well as researchers and students interested in how different programs and activities can promote university entrepreneurship while contributing to economic growth in developed and developing economies.

'This book is a comprehensive collection that focuses on various regions and their economies at a pivotal time in our global economy when the majority of nations continue to struggle with stabilizing their economies'--Provided by publisher.

Globalization affects urban communities in many ways. One of its manifestations is increased intercity competition, which compels cities to increase their attractiveness in terms of capital, entrepreneurship, information, expertise and consumption. This competition takes place in an asymmetric field, with cities trying to find the best possible ways of using their natural and created assets, the latter including a naturally evolving reputation or consciously developed competitive identity or brand.The Political Economy of City Branding discusses this phenomenon from the perspective of numerous post-industrial cities in North America, Europe, East Asia and Australasia. Special attention is given to local economic development policy and industrial profiling, and global city rankings are used to provide empirical evidence for cities'characteristics and positions in the global urban hierarchy. On top of this, social and urban challenges such as creative class struggle are also discussed.The core message of the book is that cities should apply the tools of city branding in their industrial promotion and specialization, but at the same time take into account the special nature of their urban communities and be open and inclusive in their brand policies in order to ensure optimal results.This book will be of interest to scholars and practitioners working in the areas of local economic development, urban planning, public management, and branding.

The fourth edition of The Process of Economic Development offers a thorough and up-to-date treatment of development economics. This landmark text will continue to be an invaluable resource for students, teachers and researchers in the fields of development economics and development studies. The new edition has been revised and updated throughout, reflecting the most recent developments in research and incorporating the latest empirical data, as well as key theoretical advances. The period since the publication of the third edition of The Process of Economic Development has been a time of immense change in the developing world. The period has seen huge economic growth in China, economic restructuring in India and the continuing impact of environmental issues such as climate change. The fourth edition reflects these developments, as well as including numerous case studies and new material on the following: transnational corporations and labor in export processing zones industrial policy and structural change gender inequality, income distribution and development progress towards the Millennium Development Goals technology and national innovation systems aid and the least developed nations the post debt crisis era and debt relief for Africa. Cypher's comprehensive account remains the development economics text par excellence, as it takes a much more practical, hands-on view of the issues facing developing countries than other, overly mathematical texts. This book is unique in its scope and in the detailed attention it gives to the historical contexts that have influenced progress toward development. It is accessibly written both for students of economics and for those with an interest in the many aspects of development studies.

The goal of every nation's economic policy is to ensure a high and stable level of economic growth. The importance of a financial system in promoting economic growth and reducing poverty has been demonstrated by a number of empirical studies. It is also well known that a country's public borrowing and its nature are important determinants of its economic performance. Moreover, the broader economic consequences of public debt buildups is a topic that is receiving substantial attention in academic and policy circles. Such analysis becomes even more relevant in light of the recent meltdown of the world financial system followed by the incidence of public debt. This book investigates the relationship between public debt composition, financial development, and economic growth by controlling the macro and institutional factors in which the debt was issued in countries grouped by income levels. Different features of these issues and their mutual implications are examined through the application of empirical and theoretical approaches.

World economic performance over the last 50 years has been spectacular. The postwar period has witnessed impressive growth rates in Western Europe and Japan, and in recent times China and India. This new book discusses these issues and tackles topical questions such as; what are the socio-economic and institutional factors that have contributed to this impressive performance? Will China and India continue to grow at the same rate over the next two decades? What are the prospects for Japan, the US and other advanced economies? The book brings together contributions by eminent scholars including the late Angus Maddison, Professors Justin Lin, Bob Gordon, Ross Garnaut, Bart van Ark and others to provide answers to these fascinating questions. The chapters analyse the economic performance of selected countries including China, India, Japan, Indonesia and the US, as well as Western Europe, Latin America and developing countries as a group. The time period of the study is from 1850 to the present and includes forecasts to 2030.This well-documented book will be of considerable interest to development economists and country specialists working on countries such as China and India, economic historians who are interested in explaining the growth performance of countries, economists and economic statisticians who are interested in the measurement issues, and international organizations such as the OECD, World Bank and the UN. General readers and non-specialists who are interested in the world economic performance will also find much to interest them in this book.Contributors include: D. Blades, K. Fukao, R. Garnaut, R.J. Gordon, A.A. Hofman, D. Lal, A. Maddison, S. Menshikov, M. O'Mahony, D.S.P. Rao, O. Saito, A. Szirmai, M.P. Timmer, B. van Ark, P. van der Eng, F. Villarreal, H.X. Wu, J. Yifu Lin

In his new book, Poverty and Progress: Realities and Myths about Global Poverty, renowned development economist Deepak Lal draws on 50 years of experience around the globe to describe developing-country realities and rectify misguided notions about economic progress. Unique among books that have emerged in recent years on world poverty, Poverty and Progress directly confronts intellectual fads of the West and dismantles a wide range of myths that have obscured an astounding achievement: the unprecedented spread of economic progress around the world that is eliminating the scourge of mass poverty.

In this book, the authors present current research in the study of capacity development opportunities and challenges and capacity building in education, health and capital. Topics discussed include capacity building for school improvement; unique challenges in developing capacity in rural and remote Australia; women with disabilities in urban Cambodia and vocational training; capacity building and sex workers in Southeast Asia; capacity building in old industrialized regions of Europe and in non-profit organizations using blended learning as a gateway to practitioner education; and capacity development research in public health and the environment in the Caribbean.

This concise yet insightful sequel to the highly acclaimed The Nature of Economic Growth provides a comprehensive critique of both old and new growth theory, highlighting the importance of economic growth for reducing poverty.A.P. Thirlwall illustrates that orthodox growth theory continues to work with'one-good'models and to treat factor supplies as exogenously given, independent of demand. Orthodox trade theory still ignores the balance of payments consequences of different patterns of trade specialization when assessing the welfare effects of trade. The author goes on to present theory underpinned by up-to-date empirical evidence that factors of production and productivity growth are endogenous to demand, and that the structure of production and trade matter for the long-run growth performance of countries because of their impact on the balance of payments. He concludes that trade liberalisation has proved disappointing in improving the trade-off between growth and the balance of payments.This book will provide a challenging read for students and academics in the fields of economics, heterodox economics, and development. Policymakers focussing on the relationship between growth, trade and the balance of payments will also find the book to be of great interest.Contents: Preface 1. Divisions in the World Economy and the Importance of Economic Growth 2. Growth Theory: Old and'New'3. A Critique of Orthodox Growth Theory: Structure and Demand Matter for Economic Growth 4. The Endogeneity of the Natural Rate of Growth and Constraints on Demand 5. Balance of Payments Constrained Growth 6. Trade Liberalisation, the Balance of Payments, Growth, Inequality and Poverty References Index

Economic growth, reflected in increases in national output per capita, makes possible an improved material standard of living. Sustainable development, popularly and concisely defined as ‘meeting the needs of the present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs,'directly addresses the utilization of natural resources, the state of the environment, and intergenerational equity. Fundamental questions addressed in this textbook include: What causes economic growth? Why do some countries grow faster than others? What accounts for the extraordinary growth in the world's population over the past two centuries? What are the current trends in population and will these trends continue? Are there limits to economic growth and population growth due to resource constraints and environmental thresholds? Is sustainable development compatible with economic growth? Can sustainable development be attained without addressing the extreme poverty that afflicts over a billion of the world's population? This interdisciplinary textbook uses a blend of formal models, empirical evidence, history and policy to provide a coherent and comprehensive treatment of economic growth and sustainable development.

Until recently, economists studying economic development have tended to consider it as a universal process, or focused their attention on common aspects. This book originates from the growing recognition of significant sectoral differences in economic development and examines the catching-up process in five different economic sectors: pharmaceuticals, telecommunications equipment, semiconductors, software, and agro-food industries. Each of these sector studies explore the learning and catch-up processes in various developing countries, in order to identify both the common features, and those which differ significantly across sectors and nations. The authors pay particular attention to China, India, Brazil, Korea and Taiwan. Edited by two of the leading scholars in the field, this book will prove to be invaluable for academics and postgraduate students interested in economic and technological development, and evolutionary economics. Contributors include: J.O. Adeoti, S. Athreye, A.C. Castro, R. Diaz, S. Gu, S. Guennif, X.-X. Kong, K. Lee, Y. Lin, F. Malerba, S. Mani, Q. Mu, R.R. Nelson, J. Niosi, J. Orozco, S.V. Ramani, R. Rasiah, J. Song, T. Tschang

The Great Recession of 2009-11 was not simply a severe business cycle slowdown or even a combined credit, housing, and asset market collapse. It left permanent scars, especially on the advanced economies. In its wake, policy makers must navigate uncharted economic territory where'business as usual'no longer applies and deep structural changes mark the global economic landscape. Fundamental questions about the daunting task of'regrowing growth'have now taken center stage for economists, politicians, and policy makers alike: Will international capital flows be encouraged or discouraged? How open will export markets be, given the structural changes and their implications for employment? How much reliance will there be on market solutions when governments--now overly indebted and wary of additional relief expenditures--are expected to deliver on the promise of economic growth? Without a resurrection of strong economic growth in major economies, the likelihood of rapid economic development in poor developing countries is dampened. The nature of that ascent is the subject of this volume. In Ascent after Decline, more than a dozen distinguished contributors scan the economic horizon, spell out the new fiscal reality, and highlight the policy choices on which economic regrowth will depend. If the Great Recession has taught one lesson, it is that when fundamental shifts occur, the outcomes will entail new elements that shape future directions and affect policy. How these pressing policy questions are answered will, in large measure, determine the future face of globalization.

Does what economies export matter for development? If so, can industrial policies improve on the export basket generated by the market? This book approaches these questions from a variety of conceptual and policy viewpoints. Reviewing the theoretical arguments in favor of industrial policies, the authors first ask whether existing indicators allow policy makers to identify growth-promoting sectors with confidence. To this end, they assess, and ultimately cast doubt upon, the reliability of many popular indicators advocated by proponents of industrial policy. Second, and central to their critique, the authors document extraordinary differences in the performance of countries exporting seemingly identical products, be they natural resources or'high-tech'goods. Further, they argue that globalization has so fragmented the production process that even talking about exported goods as opposed to tasks may be misleading. Reviewing evidence from history and from around the world, the authors conclude that policy makers should focus less on what is produced, and more on how it is produced. They analyze alternative approaches to picking winners but conclude by favoring'horizontal-ish'policies--for instance, those that build human capital or foment innovation in existing and future products—that only incidentally favor some sectors over others.

Ever since Adam Smith, economists have been preoccupied with the puzzle of economic growth. The standard mainstream models of economic growth were and often still are based either on assumptions of diminishing returns on capital with technological innovation or on endogenous dynamics combined with a corresponding technological and institutional setting. An alternative model of economic growth emerged from the Cambridge School of Keynesian economists in the 1950s and 1960s. This model - developed mainly by Luigi Pasinetti - emphasizes the importance of demand, human learning and the growth dynamics of industrial systems. Finally, in the past decade, new mainstream models have emerged incorporating technology or demand-based structural change and extending the notion of balanced growth. This collection of essays reassesses Pasinetti's theory of structural dynamics in the context of these recent developments, with contributions from economists writing in both the mainstream and the Cambridge Keynesian traditions and including Luigi Pasinetti, William Baumol, Geoffrey Harcourt and Nobel laureate Robert Solow.

Economic development is a process of continuous technological innovation and structural transformation. Development thinking is inherently tied to the quest for sustainable growth strategies. This book provides a neoclassical approach for studying the determinants of economic structure and its transformation and draws new insights for development policy. The market is the basic mechanism for effective resource allocation at each level of development. However, economic development as a dynamic process entails structural changes, including industrial upgrading and diversification and corresponding improvements in hard and soft infrastructure. Such upgrading and improvements require coordination and go hand in hand with large externalities to firms'transaction costs and returns to capital investment. Thus, in addition to an effective market mechanism, the government should play an active role in facilitating structural changes. The book provides empirical evidence in support of this framework as well as concrete advice to development practitioners.

This book highlights several important issues which policy makers as well as sate and private sector agents are confronted with while implementing different types of programs to improve social and economic conditions for beneficiaries of these programs. However, the process of implementation of one development project may produce unfavorable effects on several other projects and on beneficiaries for some other projects. In such a situation, project implementing agents will be required to take measures to ensure that adverse externalities stemming from the implementation of each project are minimized.

In a period of increasing globalization and rapid growth in emerging countries, recognizing sources of regional competitiveness is of paramount importance. This timely and informative book identifies and analyzes changes in the origins of regional advantage. The expert contributors illustrate that sources of regional competitiveness are strongly linked with spatially observable yet increasingly flexible realities, and include building advanced and efficient transport, communications and energy networks, changing urban and rural landscapes, and creating strategic and forward-looking competitiveness policies. They investigate long-term interactions between regional competitiveness and urban mobility, as well as the connections that link global sustainability with local technological and institutional innovations, and the intrinsic diversity of spatially rooted innovation processes. A prospective analysis on networks and innovation infrastructure is presented, global environmental issues such as climate change and energy are explored, and new policy perspectives - relevant world-wide - are prescribed. Networks, Space and Competitiveness will prove an invaluable resource for academics, students and researchers across a range of fields including international and regional economics, regional science, economic geography and international business. Contributors: C.R. Azzoni, R.N. Baleiras, A. Bhattacharjee, R. Capello, J.I. Carruthers, E.A. Castro, T.P. Dentinho, P.C. Ferrao, A.M. Fuertes Eugenio, M. Grillitsch, E.A. Haddad, C. Hoglinger, J.L. Marques, C.S. Silva, K. Spiekermann, F. Todtling, J.M. Viegas, M. Wegener

Economic growth is a major source of wealth creation at the national and international level. It elevates a national standard of living as well as being able to lift it out of poverty. With suitable guidance on population growth, fiscal soundness, environmentally sustainable development and resource use, an acceptable distribution of income and a constant rate of technical progress, economic growth will always have a quantitative, as well as a qualitative dimension, both of which improve general living conditions and individual growth. This book argues that a key driver of economic growth among nations or regional economic entities is an intrinsic, ongoing, perpetual and historically observable rivalry to propel a state's standing, prestige, power and economic performance through getting ahead of or not to fall too much behind its rivals in a pecking order.

Sir Edwin Chadwick (1800-1890) is hardly a household name among economists, although he is a well-known hero to sanitation engineers and utilitarian social reformers. His brilliant and cunning ideas relating to contemporary economic policy are illuminated for the first time in this pioneering study. The authors detail Chadwick's sophisticated conceptions of moral hazard, common pool problems, asymmetric information, and theory of competition, all of which differ starkly from those promulgated by Adam Smith and other classical economists. Also examined are Chadwick's views on government versus market role in dealing with problems created by natural monopoly, and whether some or all market problems justify government regulation or alterations of property rights. The authors investigate Chadwick's utilitarian approach to labor, business cycles, and economic growth, contrasting his modern view with those of his classical economic contemporaries. Chadwick's enormous output and cutting-edge methods undoubtedly establish him as an original and trenchant thinker in economic matters as well as a prophetic voice on contemporary issues in economics. This unique look at his less familiar research will interest academic regulatory economists, sociologists, students and scholars of law and economics, and all those interested in the fundamentals of social reform.

Introduction Chapter 1 - Ephedra Chapter 2 - Echinacea (Economically valuable medicinal plant) Chapter 3 - Herbalism Chapter 4 - Orange (Economically important food plant) Chapter 5 - Apple (Economically important food plant) Chapter 6 - Medicinal Plant and Habitat Conservation Chapter 7 - Ayurveda

Positive economic growth is a major goal for all countries, promising a better standard of living and more opportunities, higher levels of employment, lower poverty rates, more productivity, efficiency and success. In this new book, the authors present current research in the study of the theories and effects of global economic growth. Topics discussed in this compilation include cohesion, growth and development since the industrial revolution; worldwide rankings in economic growth; the relationship between economic growth and income inequality; economic growth and environment interactions and the optimal rate of inflation for long-run growth.

Este número del Boletín Internacional de Investigación Sindical(BIIS) aborda un tema fundamental, hasta se diría que primordial, para el movimiento obrero: los salarios y la forma en que resultaron afectados en los últimos tres decenios.

Cette édition du Journal international de recherche syndicale (JIRS) porte sur une question centrale, voire essentielle, pour le mouvement syndical, qui est celle des salaires et de leur évolution ces trente dernières années.

The Growth, Employment and Decent Work in the Least Developed Countries report has been prepared for the Fourth UN Conference on Least Developed Countries (LDCs) (Istanbul, 9-13 May 2011). It reviews trends in growth, employment and decent work in LDCs, highlighting challenges and opportunities for structural transformation, job creation and poverty eradication and offers a portfolio of policy options for job creation and poverty reduction to be tailored to country needs and circumstances.

By 2025, six major emerging economies--Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, South Korea, and Russia--will account for more than half of all global growth, and the international monetary system will no longer be dominated by a single currency. As economic power shifts, these successful economies will help drive growth in lower income countries through cross-border commercial and financial transactions. Global Development Horizons 2011--Multipolarity: The New Global Economy projects that today's emerging economies will grow, on average, by 4.7 percent a year between 2011 and 2025, and their share of global GDP will expand from 36 percent to 45 percent. Advanced economies, meanwhile, are forecast to grow by 2.3 percent over the same period, yet will remain prominent in the global economy, with the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States all playing a core role in supporting the global economic engine.