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"Virtual is Reality". Human beings always want to achieve more and more, want to explore more and more. Whether it is an area of Medical Science, Automotive, History Science, or Universe. We are presenting this paper to explore the Digital World's main areas called the Metaverse. Since 2020 during and post-COVID digitization keep pace in almost all domains and now it is part of human life starting with Online New papers to online classes / online medical consultancy, online payments, and many more. COVID restricts human beings, especially tour tourism & traveling, Metaverse is one of the key mantras which make it possible for a human being to travel anywhere without leaving his/ her place. But, does Metaverse has also any restrictions? Does Metaverse have any rule/regulation/policy framework on usage? Does Metaverse meet the service quality? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of study is to design a Microstrip Patch Textile antenna using Jeans substrate (Dielectric constant is 1.7) to obtain the Return loss and it is compared with Paper substrate antenna (Dielectric constant is 3.6) which was designed at 2.4GHz. The Rectangular microstrip patch antenna which uses Jeans substrate with the thickness as 1.6mm (Group1) and with the thickness 1.4mm (Group 2) and patch antenna which uses Paper substrate with thickness 1.4mm (Group3) and with the thickness 1.6mm (Group 4) are designed and simulated with HFSS. For each group 10 samples are taken for the analysis using SPSS. The significance p<0.05, indicates that the antenna performance is good. The Experimental results show that the Jean substrate antenna (1.6 mm) which is designed at 2.4GHz is having the Return loss of -0.0338dB and (1.4 mm) is having Return loss of -0.006dB. The Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna which is designed using Paper Substrate (1.6 mm) having Return loss of -0.0756dB and paper substrate (1.4 mm) is having Return loss of -0.037dB at 2.4GHz. The microstrip patch antenna which is designed using jeans substrate is having significantly better performance when compared to the microstrip patch antenna using Paper substrate while considering its Return loss parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to design a Microstrip Patch Textile antenna using Jeans substrate (Dielectric constant - 1.7) at 2.4GHz and it is compared with Paper substrate antenna (Dielectric constant - 3.6). The Rectangular microstrip patch antenna which uses Jeans substrate with the thickness of 1.6mm (Group1) and 1.4mm (Group 2) and the Paper substrate Antenna with the thickness 1.4mm (Group3) and 1.6mm(Group 4) are designed and simulated with HFSS software. For each group 10 samples are taken for the analysis. If significance p<0.05, then it indicates that the performance of the Antenna is good. The antenna directivity analysis is done for 2 GHz to 2.8 GHz. The Experimental results shows that the jean substrate antenna which is designed at 2.4GHz is having the directivity of 2.31dB. The Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna which is designed using Paper Substrate having directivity of 2.2dB at 2.4GHz. The microstrip patch antenna which is designed using jeans substrate is having significantly better performance when compared to the microstrip patch antenna using Paper substrate while considering its directivity parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every year, as a result of the activities of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill, from 90 to 160 thousand tons of solid waste were generated. Lignin sludge is a sludge formed during the wastewater treatment of the plant. The disposal of waste from the production of the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill was carried out in specially equipped dumps and storages. In model experiments using the method of solid-phase fermentation, the main patterns of ecological and biochemical processes occurring during the transformation of organic substrates (sludge-lignin, sawdust) were established; substrates were obtained for creating soil-ground. To develop the optimal composition of fertile mixtures from sludge-lignin after solid-phase fermentation, experiments were carried out to create artificial soils with different ratios of the resulting soils. The content of heavy metals in ready mixtures is much less than the concentrations specified in the regulations when using organic fertilizers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present world of advanced technology, we are entering a new era of computer technology, the full form of IoT being the Internet of Things. The Internet, a revolutionary invention, is constantly evolving into some new kind of hardware and software that has made it inevitable for everyone. IoT is a kind of global neural network in the cloud that allocates a lot. The communication system we see is person-to-person or device-to-person, but the IoT offers better future for the Internet, where communication type is machine-to-machine (M2M). The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the IoT display and its enabled technology and sensor network. This paper covers the subject matter, features, basic requirements and applications of IoT. The primary purpose of this research paper is to deliver an idea of the development and use of the IoT, its structure and advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present scenario, the world has a greatest interest in moving from petroleum products to non-conventional energy sources. The non-conventional energy is very popular in these days because it is cost effective solution for providing energy to the rural area where it is difficult to provide electricity. Generation of electricity through non-conventional sources is pollution free, contamination free energy, limit carbon impression and nursery outflows and guarantee energy security. This paper describes the stability study of distribution generation system under varying loading condition. This study work describe that how to maintain stable output of hybrid system by using FACT devices [2]. Firstly the capacity to meet the heap necessities from solar standalone system is dissected after that hydro standalone system is analyzed. Following this the feasibility examination of a hybrid system (solar and hydro) energy sources has been completed [8]. The important objective work of this paper is to investigate, how maximum and stable power is achieve by using latest techniques in hybrid (solar and hydro) system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the history of human civilization, the material used to create money has changed in conjunction with the advancement of knowledge and the complexity of human life. This study aims to explore the material evolution of money creation as a medium of exchange. The study used a literature review approach to gather information from the Google Scholar, Mendeley, and ScienceDirect databases. This study reveals that human transactions begin with the exchange of goods (barter) and continue with the exchange of goods with agreed-upon valuable commodities (commodity money). The materials used to create money has evolved along with it, starting with gold and silver coins, paper money, electronic money, and cryptocurrencies. The first two are still in use and require materials in creation, whereas the following two are no longer require physical materials in its issuance. Furthermore, money, in all of its physical manifestations, cannot be replaced as a medium of exchange in the present or the future, and its function will continue to expand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the manufacture of nylon-dithizon membranes for the early detection of lead heavy metal using the vacuum impregnation method. The purpose of this study was to determine the manufacture of nylon dithizon membranes and test strips as dithizonate complexes as an early detection of lead heavy metal. Making nylon-dithizon membrane by dissolving 50 mg of dithizon with 100 mL of chloroform and the addition of 50 mg of SrCl2 then stirred using a magnetic stirrer at 100 rpm as the working solution. After that, the solution was impregnated into a 0.20 m nylon membrane using a Buchner vacuum, after which it was carried out for 12 hours in a fume hood. The dithizon strip test was carried out using the colorimetric method, namely observing color changes that occur with the naked eye (qualitative test) with variations in concentration and pH. In this study, the optimum pH in the formation of the dithizone-Pb complex was obtained, namely pH 8 with a dark orange color. The minimum concentration on the indicator strip made was 0.05 with a visible color of faded orange, while the time reached for complex formation at a concentration value of 0.05 ppm was 520 seconds (Faded Orange). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous human activities and a rapidly growing world population are increasing the demand for freshwater. Fresh water production relies heavily on the use of conventional fuels and is associated with environmental pollution, leading to the need to look for other alternatives such as clean energy (solar energy). There are many villages and rural areas in the world without access to clean water. Many desalination systems have been developed to address this shortcoming. This study describes strategies for increasing clean water solar energy productivity that are currently in commercial and experimental development stages. Solar stills are the most prudent method for delivering new water since they just sudden spike in demand for the energy of the sun, which is promptly accessible in nature. The focus is on technologies that can be used independently, especially those that can be integrated into solar thermal systems. The results show that the solar thermal distillation yield is inversely proportional to the basin water depth and is directly related to the wind speed in the absorbing region, the temperature of the glass covers and the incident solar radiation. Add to the technology used inside and outside the system to improve productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from the boiler is one of the primary sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) which must be reduced. Nowadays, the boiler emissions discharged into the atmosphere has not been utilized yet. An experiment of Spirulina platensis cultivation in laboratory scale with the addition of CO2 flue gas of coal-fired boilers has been done. CO2 flue gas with a flow rate of 0.25-0.75 L/min was added into paper mill effluent as the growth medium of Spirulina platensis. The biomass growing of Spirulina platensis, pH of medium and CO2 captured during the experiment were observed. The result indicated that CO2 flue gas of coal-fired boilers of the paper mill could be utilized for cultivating of Spirulina platensis. The biomass productivity of Spirulina platensis in the amount of 220 mg/L.day or 39 g/m².day could be obtained with the addition of CO2 flue gas in the flow rate of 0.75 L/min. Spirulina platensis contains protein, fat, fiber, ash and amino acids. It also contains sodium, calcium and magnesium. But it has no cadmium content. It is potentially be used as animal dietary supplements. CO2 flue gas from the boiler emission can be used for cultivation of Spirulina platensis and contribute in reducing of CO2 gas boiler emissions like greenhouse gases (GHG) by 0.20% of total CO2 added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Used lubricant becomes an issue for environment due to disposal techniques and reuse of it through filtering process is the best technique. This paper tried to determine the characteristics of physical and tribological properties of used lubricant from a filtering process. The used lubricant was collected in service from a car engine after running about 6000 km. A Whatman filter paper was used to reduce impurities in used lubricant. The used lubricants were characterized physically to determine kinematic viscosity, density, pour point, and flash point and tribologically to measure wear rate, CoF, surface texture, scar width of disc, and scar diameter of pin using pin on disc apparatus. The results were compared with virgin oil and they show that the physical and tribological properties of used lubricant were decreased compared to virgin oil. The tribological properties of used oil were good lubrication at a speed of 1400 rpm than 500 rpm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental issues have been a crucial concern in every global sector. One sector that might cause environmental problems is the financial sector. Surrounding issues come from various factors such as the usage of fossil fuels that lead to global warming and climate change which slowly assassinate human beings. This article will focus on efficiency comparison between using paper money, plastic cards and cryptocurrency. The main goal is to prove which of the three financial payments is the most energy-efficient in the past, present, and future. The parameters used in this study are electricity usage and CO2 emissions. The whole analysis is based on a quantitative-descriptive method which provides in depth analysis of electricity usage and CO2 emissions level among financial equates from every generation. Even though plastic cards have the highest efficiency level initially, over time, cryptocurrency is going revolutionary, making them more efficient than paper money and plastic cards. This proves that cryptocurrency could be the most energy-efficient payment method in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted in Al-Zafaraniya area, southeast of Baghdad, on the Al-Rusafa side, and is one of the largest residential sectors within Baghdad, with a population of about 650,000 and characterized by deferent activities. Four sampling sites were selected, and codes A, B, C, and D were given to represent site-1 industrial activity sites, site-2 service workshops, site-3 commercial activity, and site-4 residential areas, respectively. Street dust particles samples were collected using wooden tools and paper bags, three points were selected from each site, the samples were mixed, and 1 kg was taken to separate and analyze molecules, nature forms, composition, and interaction between their sources. The results of mechanical separation by vibrating soil sieve showed that these remaining consist of several sizes and weight categories resulting from the following form (greater than 2000, 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 150, and less than 53) μm and (108.90, 118.63, 219.88, 191.93, 32.16, 247.58, 3.96) g/kg, respectively. Laboratory tests using polarized microscope technology showed that dust particle components varied from artificial, organic, inorganic, minerals, synthetics substances, and biological residents. When examining the forms of its, they appeared to be different shapes as well as stellar, needles and serrated shapes, sharp angles, and irregular edges, as well as the usual spherical and smooth-edged soil particles. When comparing the values of the 7th category, which constitutes the danger reservoir between the street dust particles because it can turn into suspended and accumulated dust, we find that its values (A 4.8, B 2.86, C 1.2, and D 7.0g/kg) hence find that, the highest value (7.0 g) was recorded in the residential site-D, and this gives an indication that the wastes of other sites move to the residential sites and accumulate in them in large quantities, which exposes the public health and components of the ecosystem to many risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The different methods and application rates of an inoculum powder of sunflower Phoma rot pathogen Plenodomus lindquistii Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley for an artificial infection of seeds in the laboratory in soil were studied, the results are presented. The following methods of application of Phoma inoculum powder into soil were studied: into row, mixtures with soil, and on the bottom of a growth tray covered with a filter paper under soil. The application rates of an inoculum powder were 2.5 and 5.0 g per a row of 11 cm length; 5.0 and 10.0 g per 600 g of soil – mixing with soil and on the bottom of the growth tray. The method of application of the inoculum powder into a row in a rate of 5.0 g when the most seeds perished before sprouting were considered to be an optimal one. The sunflower infection with Phoma rot pathogen was weak in variants where pathogen powder was mixed with soil or placed under soil on the bottom of the growth tray. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work focuses on the design of conventional controllers, which can be used for the control of non-linear systems to provide a desired level of a process tank. The nonlinear systems take's up for the study is Hopper tanks because of its use in the field of Pharmaceutical, Petro chemical, water treatment and paper making industries. Its non-linearity is due to the cross-sectional behavior of the process. It consists of two parts Conical Tank for easy flow of solid, viscous liquids and a cylindrical tank for storage of materials. It is used for the evacuation of products without wastage is possible. The closed loop performance is determined to obtain the desired level control using conventional PI, controllers for various tuning methods. The major advantage of this method is simplicity. Simulation results using MATLAB software to determine the outperformance of controller techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper sheets were produced from bleached kraft pulp, and office and newsprint waste paper. Nanoparticles from black alder bark, grey alder bark and pine bark as well as birch sawdust were obtained for using them as reinforcing fillers in paper. Non-extracted bark and that extracted in biorefinery were used. For producing nanoparticles, the materials were destructed using the thermocatalytic destruction method and then dispersed in water medium in a ball mill. At a sufficient concentration, gel-like dispersions were obtained, which contained nanoparticles with the size ∼300 nm. The dispersions were introduced in paper furnish in different amounts. It has been established that all the nanoparticle fillers increase the tensile index and burst index in dry and wet states. The nanoparticle fillers from extracted bark increase the mechanical indices to a higher extent. At 20% filler content, tensile index in a dry state increases in the case of non-extracted grey alder bark, black alder bark and pine bark by 28, 30 and 15%, and in the case of extracted ones - by 44, 40 and 30%, respectively; the burst index increases by 78, 19 and 4%, and 91, 25 and 14%, respectively. The nanoparticle filler from birch sawdust increases the tensile strength in a dry state by 9% and burst index by 20%. The obtained nanoparticle fillers slightly improve also the water resistance of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CdSe quantum dot has great potential in various applications especially for emitting devices. One example potential application of CdSe quantum dot is security label for anti-counterfeiting. In this work, we present a practical approach of security label on paper using one and two colors of colloidal CdSe quantum dot, which is used as stamping ink on various types of paper. Under ambient condition, quantum dot is almost invisible. The quantum dot security label can be revealed by detecting emission of quantum dot using photoluminescence and cnc machine. The recorded quantum dot emission intensity is then analyzed using home-made program to reveal quantum dot pattern stamp having the word 'RAHASIA'. We found that security label using quantum dot works well on several types of paper. The quantum dot patterns can survive several days and further treatment is required to protect the quantum dot. Oxidation of quantum dot that occurred during this experiment reduced the emission intensity of quantum dot patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A paper battery is a 6 cm × 4 cm × 1 mm dimension battery that uses CuCl as a cathode, magnesium as an anode, and urine as an electrolyte. CuCl2 dan CuSO4 as used to synthesis CuCl was analyzed. A simple and cheap sandwiched fabrication model has been identified using the low-cost CuCl synthesis process. This paper battery has passed experimental testing and delivers the best power generation at 169,588 mW and continuously up to 4 hours. Voltage also measured and provided a stable voltage at least for 6 hours at 582.667 mV. Method 2 of using CuSO4, which has price lower than CuCl2 showed better power generation and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jute fibers are an environmental friendly natural fiber which can be used as good alternatives in the reinforcement of composite materials. The physical and mechanical properties of jute fiber are studied. The humidification cum heat treatment is carried out for the jute fiber. The tensile strength measurement was made for the untreated and humidification cum heat treated bundle jute fiber. The tensile strength of untreated and treated bundle jute fibers are 71.7± 9.5 MPa and 104.9 ± 8.8MPa respectively. A 45% increase in tensile strength is noticed. The structural organisation in the untreated and treated jute fiber is studied by X-ray fibre diffraction. The tensile strength measurement is carried out for the composite of Paper-Tamarind seed gum and Paper-Tamarind seed gum - Jute fiber and their measured tensile strength are 4.3 ± 0.5 MPa and 6.1± 1.2 MPa respectively. The enhancement in tensile strength for Paper-Tamarind seed gum - Jute fiber composite is observed. The environmental friendly biocomposite bags prepared are: Paper-Tamarind seed gum - Jute fiber and Paper-Tamarind seed gum, which can withstand load of 9.0 kg and 6.0 kg respectively. An increase of 50% in the load bearing capacity is achieved by reinforcing jute fibre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owed to the enormous advantages like easy disposable, flexible and low cost, eco-friendly performance of paper substrate, microfluidics has expanded a new attention on the flexible substrate in the research field of environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis and food safety analysis applications. Diverse properties of paper and fluid transport mechanism on paper substrate are some crucial facilitating parameters which are used on the fabrication of functional flexible microfluidic device applications in an effectual and analytical way. Transport of any fluids on paper substrate does not require any external force because of the capillary action behavior on paper surface. When drops of fluid at the first time touch the paper substrate surface, it penetrates the paper surface radially. Radial capillary transport used in our daily life using different circumstances such as when ink, water and wine spreads in paper or cloths, rain drops in soil, and dye into yarn. Here, the attention/foundation of work is fluid transport on the texture of WhatmanTM grade 1 filter paper which is commonly used in microfluidic applications as claimed by the previously published articles. In this work, an experimental study is presented on capillary transport in radial direction to understand the texture of the WhatmanTM grade 1 filter paper substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive use of paper waste during the general elections is a consumptive behavior and can damage the environment. In the 2018 Pilkada, there were 54 million unused ballots due to the lack of public participation in each Pilkada. In addition, various ballot manipulations make reduced data integrity. The Custom E-Voting Application is an electronic voting system application for general elections with the application of Blockchain technology to increase security using the Hyperledger Fabric and Hyperledger Composer platforms. The application of this technology can replace conventional paper-based voting systems and databases. This application uses a distributed database so that the database is more secure and maintained its integrity. The results of E-Voting can be seen by voters so that transparency for voters. This application can be implemented in several elections that require transparency of the results with the election time can be set as needed. The problem that is the focus of this research is the proof of the concept of blockchain technology with existing tools and system performance testing. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide an overview of the viability of blockchain technology to handle cases such as the general elections that are critical, massive, and simultaneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summary a comparative analysis of Hot Rolled Steel (HRS) Sections and Cold formed steel (CFS) Sections for Industrial Buildings based on a literature review. In this study the materials used are other than hot rolled for the analysis of the structure. CFS structures are becoming increasingly popular due to their numerous benefits, including light weight, quick construction, and so on. CFS analysis, design, and production processes are all being improved on a regular basis. This report is based on a recent study on HRS (HRS) and (CFS) that will aid future research and advances in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignosulfonate is produced as a waste in the production of paper. Its sodium variant is used in the construction industry as a plasticizer and stabilizing additive in natural-based adhesives. It consists of components that have been subjected to ecotoxicity testing under REACH as individual components (sodium salts C14-16-alkanehydroxy and C14-16-alkene sulfonic acids, sodium hydroxide, octhilinone), not as a whole mixture. Therefore, ecotoxicological tests of the sodium lignosulfonate were performed in this study to assess environmental safety (100 mg/L). Testing was performed on four organisms: algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and crustaceans (Daphnia magna), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae), mustard (Sinapis alba) in acute aquatic tests. The results indicate stimulation of parameters in all model organisms, toxicity was not demonstrated. Therefore, sodium lignosulfonate probably acted as an eutrophicator in aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The currencies of nations have always been transforming throughout the human history. From gold and silver coins to simple coins and paper money then eventually to digital money. The evolutionary period of currency includes both physical and legal extent. With the digital revolution, the evolution of currencies is inevitable. The first attempt at a digital currency was not Bitcoin, but it has been the most successful digital currency and it is now accepted by many major retailers. This report contains a brief description of the evolution of cryptocurrencies, their types, and how and when the prices of different currencies rose. The comprehensive study of the volatility of the market and when to buy or sell the currencies hold the major share throughout the report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now a day face detection & facial expression recognition is one of the major challenging problemin the field of image processing. It is a challenging issue as human color, pose, expression, and orientation varies with regions. Therefore, to detect face & facial expression we need to accept different models & techniques. Detection of different facial expression based on movement of eyes, position of nose & nose tail, gradient of eye brows, movement of lips etc. Detection of facial expression can be done with the help of any neural network or fuzzy logic. This paper reviews different techniques of face detection & facial expression recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing has become a popular approach for processing data and running computationally expensive services on a pay-as-you-go basis. Due to the ever-increasing requirement for cloud-based apps, appropriately allocating resources according to user requests while meeting service-level agreements between customers and service providers has become increasingly complex. An efficient and versatile resource allocation method is required to properly deploy these assets and meet user needs. The technique of distributing resources has become more arduous as user demand has increased. One of the key areas of research experts is how to design optimal solutions for this approach. In this paper, a literature review on proposed dynamic resource allocation approaches is introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voting system plays an important role in any democratic country. Vote means to elect the best political pioneer. In India, currently two types of voting systems are depleted, which are secret Ballet paper and Electronic Voting Machines(EVM), but both of them have severalrestrains. The current voting system is jeopardizing, voters visits poolingbooth and stand in long line up to cast their votes, because of which there are possibilities that many people miss their chance of voting. Additionally, social gathering isn't much preferred in this COVID-19 situation. Voters who are ineligible may also use fraudulent methods to cast their ballots, which may result in hardship. Therefore, in this project, we suggest a voting system that is efficient and has three layers of security. The verification of the voter's unique identification number (UID) comes first, then the verification of their election identification number (EID), and finally the verification of their face, which is the highest level of security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing population growth has an impact on increasing waste production which is not balanced with the number of trash cans in urban areas. The cleaning staff plays an important role in monitoring the contents of the trash cans so that there is no pile of garbage that can carry various types of diseases. Monitoring the contents of trash cans carried out by cleaning staff at Kuntum Cemerlang School is still done manually, so it takes a long time to monitor all the contents of trash cans in the surrounding environment. If the trash can is empty or contains only a small amount of trash, then this will waste time and cause delays in disposing of waste to the waste bank. The purpose of this research is to implement an Arduino Uno and an ultrasonic sensor based on the Internet of Things (IoT) so that the time spent by cleaners to monitor the contents of trash cans is more effective. The design of the tool starts from an ultrasonic sensor that is connected to an arduino uno based on the internet of things (IoT) using the blynk application service on a smartphone. android. The data from the ultrasonic sensor will be transmitted to database the blynk applicationvia the ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module so that the blynk application will display height information from the contents of the trash can. This study resulted in three conditions of the height of the contents of the trash can, namely: still empty, almost full and already full. If the trash can is full, the janitor will receive an email and the led light on the blynk application will turn red. System testing was carried out internally using paper waste with the conclusion that the monitoring system carried out in the study was more efficient than manual monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze Indonesia's strategy in facing the Voluntary Partnership Agreement on Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT-VPA) cooperation agreement between the European Union and Indonesia to improve the export performance of Indonesian wood products to the European Union market. With research, an analysis of the opportunities and challenges that Indonesia intends to face in maintaining the stability of the export activities of Indonesian wood products and improving the quality of these wood products so that they can be accepted based on the standards of the destination country. FLEGT-VPA is a bilateral agreement between the European Union and timber exporting nations to improve forest sector governance and ensure that timber and wood products supplied into the EU are produced in line with partner country laws and regulations. The issue that a developing country like Indonesia wants to experience in an effort to improve the quality of wood products according to the standards of the destination country is a large number of illegal logging, illegal timber sales and others. This study focuses on the pulp and paper industry and uses qualitative analysis research methods and analyzes the data collection techniques from various sources. The increase in the export performance of Indonesian pulp, paper and, paperboard to the European Union from 2016 after the ratification of the FLEGT-VPA shows that the quality of Indonesian products is promising to spread in the European Union market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater contaminated with arsenic poses several health risks to humans. It is necessary to monitor arsenic levels in water sources periodically. Microfluidics-based lab-on-a-chip systems are miniaturized, cost effective analytical tools that can be used to detect a variety of chemical and biological compounds. Herein, we report the development of a paper-based sensor using gold nanoparticles for the detection of arsenic levels as low as 5 ppb. The amount of colloidal solutions of gold nanoparticles required for analyzing a few microliters of samples is very low further reducing the costs. The limit of detection of arsenic was substantially extended in the study by capturing images after magnification via Foldscope, a pocket microscope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic electroreduction of carbon dioxide represents a promising technology for the management of the energy sources and the abatement of CO2 emissions. For the industrial implementation of this process, it is required the development of a selective and stable nanostructured catalytic electrode. In this study, we evaluated the synthesis of nanostructured metallic electrodes produced by galvanostatic electrodeposition of copper onto a carbon paper support. The effects of deposition current density on morphology and catalytic properties of the electrodes were analyzed. The formation of copper nano and microstructure was observed on the external structure of the carbon paper support. Regarding the morphology, a correlation between applied current density and deposition structure was found. Electrodeposited electrodes showed a catalytic selectivity towards the production of carbon monoxide almost four times greater than copper foil electrodes. An inverse correlation between deposition current density and catalytic selectivity was observed. A decrease in the deposition current from -6 mA cm-2 to -2 mA cm−2 resulted in a doubling of the measured selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the construction industry has experienced rapid development. Thus, this situation led to the depletion of non- renewable natural resources like cement due to the increases in the demand and production of construction materials that consume non-renewable resource such as cement. There are various types of waste in large amount that may contribute to environmental issues such as wastepaper. Therefore, many research that have been conducted to reduce the consumption of cement by partial replacing the cement with wastepaper ash yet sampling work for the experimental research still contribute to the usage of cement in huge quantities. In addition, sampling for laboratory work is less effective due to the longer period to prepare the test sample, and higher cost is needed. Hence, this paper introduces the use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in predicting the compressive strength of concrete that utilizing wastepaper ash as partial cement replacement. The data for modelling work was gathered in the form of cement content, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, water content, water cement ratio and wastepaper ash for 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of cement replacement. The model was developed by considering 80% of collected previous research data for training, 10% for testing and another 10% for validation which trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt Back Propagation (LMBP) method in Matlab2017a. The R value obtained from the training, testing and validation data was 0.99999, 0.99843 and 0.99902 respectively meanwhile the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values obtained were 0.458 and 1.070, respectively. In the form of percentage, the MAE and RMSE values were 1.53% and 3.57%, respectively. The result indicates a highly correlation between the data input and the targeted data. Therefore, the simulation model using ANN is effective to predict compressive strength of concrete that may reduce the usage of cement, recycling option for waste material, and increase the efficiency of sampling work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan were selected as cellulose raw material to prepare coating solutions. The morphology, physical characteristics and chemical surface properties of the coatings are discussed in this paper. Different concentrations of chitosan (1-5% w/w) and deposited solution layer (0.5-1.00 µm) were used to obtain coated papers with thicknesses varying between 0.062-0.068 µm. The percentages of coating agent impregnated inside paper were also calculated from the apparent density of coated paper and the density of self-supported films prepared in the same conditions but deposited on an inert and smooth Plexiglass support. These percentages of impregnation ranged from 4.8 to 63.3% and increased as following: chitosan < chitosan nanoparticle. The resulting absorption rates indicated significant differences as a function of the nature of coating agent and confirmed results obtained for the percentage of impregnation. To explain differences in the behaviour of coating solutions, it was finally concluded that not only their viscosity must be taken into account but also their affinity toward paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is a preface to the Proceedings of the International Conference on Mathematics and its Scientific Applications (ICMSA 2022). The conference took place on March 3-4, 2022, at the Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The conference was organized by the Department of Mathematics and was held online via the Zoom platform. The aim of the conference was to provide a platform for mathematicians and engineers to present new models in their respective fields. Around 200 research papers were received and 68 were selected for possible publication in the Scopus Indexed AIP proceedings. The editors of the AIP Conference Proceedings accepted the selected papers for publication. The preface expresses gratitude to the contributors, the conference organizers, and the advisory and technical committee members for their support and guidance. [Extracted from the article]

This paper describes the fabrication and high-temperature mechanical properties of functionally graded materials (FGM) based on preceramic papers with Ti3Si(Al)C2 and Ti3Al(Si)C2 powder fillers. The FGMs with different architectures were fabricated by spark plasma sintering at a temperature of 1050°C and a pressure of 50 MPa. Mechanical testing of composites at 25℃ and 1050℃ demonstrated the brittle to plastic transition of fracture mechanism. At 1050 ℃ FGMs demonstrated strain for up to 1.5 % and flexural strength about 200 MPa. Due to migration of Al from A-site of MAX-phases and formation of Al2O3 a crack healing was noted after high-temperature mechanical tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sentiment analysis is a technique for extracting feelings, emotions, and points of view from texts that have been made publicly available through various data sources, such as social media. In the mid-2000s, the term "sentiment analysis" became widespread, and it peaked in 2019. The SCOPUS database shows a positive research trend in sentiment analysis research during the last 10 years (2012–2021). While conference papers accounted for 49.6 percent of this research, journal articles accounted for 38.8 percent of overall production. The United States is the country with the most paper publications in this research area. The majority of the technologies investigated in this study can identify positive, negative, and neutral polarity. Twenty prominent and widely accessible tools for sentiment analysis available on the Internet were examined, only a few of them are completely free, while some of them do provide a limited-featured free version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal failure is often detected when it has reached the last stage. The amount of cystatin C in blood serum can be used as a biomarker for early identification of renal function failure. This work reported a fast and environmentally friendly microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) to determine the amount of cystatin C in the artificial blood serum samples. Functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared by capping the surface of AuNPs with papain to form AuNPs-papain. The aggregate of functionalized AuNPs-papain and Cu2+ ion could be formed due to coordination interaction between Cu2+ ion and papain attached to AuNPs. In the presence of cystatin C, the amount of aggregate decreased because the functionalized AuNPs-papain would bind easily with cystatin C as the substrate of papain. The intensity of aggregate on μPAD was scanned using a paper scanner. The difference intensity of aggregate in the presence of cystatin C was proportional to the concentration of cystatin C in the artificial blood serum sample. The linearity range obtained by this work was 0.5-10.0 mg/L with regression of y=0.3302x+3.488 and linearity of r2=0.998. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.511 (3xSD/slope) and 2.044 mg/L (12xSD/slope), respectively. The linearity range and the LOD were wide enough to detect cystatin C in normal people or people with renal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]