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Resumo:A noção de desenvolvimento sustentável inclui justiça social, distribuição da renda, pleno emprego, segurança e saúde no ambiente de trabalho, proteção ambiental e bem-estar socioeconômico. Este artigo traz uma análise comparativa das disputas trazidas à OMC, desde a entrada em vigor da instituição em 1o de janeiro de 1995 até 1o de janeiro de 2014, relacionadas com elementos do desenvolvimento sustentável. O objetivo é examinar a extensão e a natureza do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável no sistema de solução de controvérsias da OMC através dos exames da "jurisprudência" da OMC. É fato que a OMC enfrentará, num futuro próximo, desafios ligados à noção de desenvolvimento sustentável. A habilidade da OMC para conciliar a liberalização comercial multilateral com o desenvolvimento sustentável em seu sistema de solução de controvérsias é uma preocupação central à legitimidade dessa instituição. Resumen:La noción de desarrollo sostenible incluye la justicia social, la distribución del ingreso, el pleno empleo, la salud y la seguridad en el trabajo, protección del medio ambiente y el bienestar socioeconómico. Este artículo presenta un análisis comparativo de las diferencias planteadas en la OMC desde la entrada en vigor de la institución en 1 enero 1995 hasta 1 enero 2014 y las cuestiones relacionadas con el desarrollo sostenible presente en muchas de estas disputas. El artículo busca examinar el alcance y la naturaleza del concepto de desarrollo sostenible en el sistema de solución de diferencias de la OMC por el examen de la jurisprudencia de la OMC. No se puede negar que muchos retos que el sistema de la OMC tendrá que enfrentar en el futuro próximo están vinculados a la noción de desarrollo sostenible. La posibilidad de conciliar la liberalización del comercio multilateral de la OMC con el desarrollo sostenible es una preocupación central para la legitimidad de esta institución. Abstract:The concept of sustainable development includes social justice, equal income distribution, full employment, safe and healthy working environments, environmental protection and socio-economic welfare. This paper intends to provide a comparative analysis of sustainable development issues inside the WTO dispute system based on the analysis of the cases presented to WTO since January 1st 1995 until January 1st 2014. This paper proposes to analyse the extent and nature of the incorporation of sustainable development issues into WTO dispute settlement through the analysis of the WTO "case law". No one can deny that the WTO will face in the near future challenges related to sustainable development issues. The WTO's ability to reconcile multilateral trade liberalization with sustainable development in its system of dispute is a central concern to the institution's legitimacy.

This paper reviews the understanding I have gained from several years of research, and from several more years of ongoing discussions with industry leaders regarding the nature of competitiveness among tourism destinations. This understanding has been captured, in summary form, in the model of Destination Competitiveness/Sustainability (Ritchie and Crouch, 2003). This model contains seven (7) components which we have found to play a major role, from a policy perspective, in determining the competitiveness/sustainability of a tourism destination. In addition to the valuable understanding which these seven components provide from a policy perspective, the specific elements of each the major components provide a more useful/practical guidance to those who are responsible for the ongoing management of a DMO (Destination Management Organization). With this overview in mind, this paper will provide a detailed review and explanation of the model that I have developed with colleague, Dr. Geoffrey I. Crouch of Latrobe University in Melbourne, Australia. Based on previous presentations throughout the world, it has proven very helpful to both academics and practitioners who seek to understand the complex nature of tourism destination competitiveness/sustainability.

This paper takes a triple bottom line perspective to analyze how the international operations literature integrates economic, social, and environmental issues. Additionally, it shows the main drivers of and barriers to the adoption of triple bottom line practices by companies in an international context. We conducted a literature review in English language journals which publish research of production and operations management and sustainability, resulting in a final sample of 29 papers. Results show that social and legal pressure for companies to adopt a responsible behavior prompts an isomorphic process that leads them to conduct their operations on behalf of triple bottom line goals. Behavioral differences between spin-offs in various countries caused institutions to create mechanisms that can press and change private standards through regulation and enforcement. There is room for progress in studies that seek to analyze the company’s relationships in its international experience and its multi-institutional relations.

This paper aims to analyse how the publications in Brazil are considering the relationship between sustainability and supply chain management. For this end, a literature review was carried out in 120 Brazilian academic journals in which 124 papers were identified, from 2008 until 2013. When considering the Triple Bottom Line approach, the results show that sustainability research in Brazil is focusing on the environmental dimension and SCM research is focusing on the economic dimension. Additional inputs are provided by integrating the governance dimension in the analysis to underline which actions and policies are discussed in Brazil at a corporate level. To support the results a consultation of experts in the field of sustainability in Brazil was fulfilled, and three case examples are presented to explain some of the research results. The findings on publications in Brazil contrast with international studies, particularly on the topic of social performance and management in supply chains. One of the main conclusions is that there are large opportunities to increase publications about sustainability and SCM in the country and that Brazil presents some specificities in the field that researchers and managers shall consider.

This paper reviews the understanding I have gained from several years of research, and from several more years of ongoing discussions with industry leaders regarding the nature of competitiveness among tourism destinations. This understanding has been captured, in summary form, in the model of Destination Competitiveness/Sustainability (Ritchie and Crouch, 2003). This model contains seven (7) components which we have found to play a major role, from a policy perspective, in determining the competitiveness/sustainability of a tourism destination. In addition to the valuable understanding which these seven components provide from a policy perspective, the specific elements of each the major components provide a more useful/practical guidance to those who are responsible for the ongoing management of a DMO (Destination Management Organization). With this overview in mind, this paper will provide a detailed review and explanation of the model that I have developed with colleague, Dr. Geoffrey I. Crouch of Latrobe University in Melbourne, Australia. Based on previous presentations throughout the world, it has proven very helpful to both academics and practitioners who seek to understand the complex nature of tourism destination competitiveness/sustainability. Este artigo faz uma revisão do que aprendi em vários anos de pesquisa e de discussões com líderes da indústria sobre a natureza da competitividade entre destinos turísticos. Esse entendimento foi capturado, em forma de resumo, no modelo de destino competitividade/sustentabilidade (Ritchie e Crouch, 2003). Este modelo contém sete componentes que encontramos tendo um papel importante, a partir de uma perspectiva política, na determinação da competitividade/sustentabilidade de um destino turístico. Além do valioso insight desses sete componentes a partir de uma perspectiva política, os elementos específicos de cada componente fornecem uma orientação mais útil e prática para os que são responsáveis pela gestão permanente de uma organização de administração de destino turístico (DMO, em inglês). Com essa visão em mente, este artigo fará uma revisão e uma explicação detalhada do modelo que desenvolvi com o meu colega, o dr. Geoffrey I. Crouch de Latrobe University, em Melbourne, na Austrália. Com base em apresentações anteriores em todo o mundo, tem-se revelado muito útil tanto para acadêmicos quanto para profissionais que procuram compreender a natureza complexa da competitividade/sustentabilidade do destino turístico.

This paper discusses five propositions that aim to reinterpret roles in contemporary Human Resources Management (HRM) as pro-business, inclusive, focused on the long-term sustainability of organizations and individuals, and beyond the immediate interests of shareholders. The propositions place relations between people at the center of HRM. Doing so requires an ethical and thorough analysis of the field and of organizations, which evolve and commit to new priorities. In fact, HRM has not yet clarified its role in sustainable management, beyond organizational boundaries and environmental issues, and is still at the margins of socio-environmental responsibility strategies. The debate allows for an approach that goes beyond how companies perpetuate social and enviromental issues in the world of work and society .

Supply chain sustainability has emerged as an indispensable research agenda for the government, industry as well as non-profit orientation bodies. As a developing country, cold supply chain management in India is still in infancy. The demand pattern of food products has been dramatically changing since last few years. Nowadays, the customers are more conscious to use products for better health and highly expecting for food safety, toxic free and eco-friendly delivery of food products. However, sustainable cold supply chain has not yet received good heed throughout the world. Hence, in this paper an attempt has been made to address these important issues. A conceptual model was proposed in the consultation of practitioners and literature support to address the important issues in cold supply chain management for food companies. Therefore, in order to identify the key success factors for sustainable cold chain management, in this study a conceptual model developed. The proposed framework is then validated by an empirical research in the Indian food industry. This research has several alarming findings. Explicitly, in India i) environmental issues and social responsibility are not as important as other ‎economical supplier selection criteria, ii) among 19 food supplier selection criteria, the rank of social responsibility is 18‎, iii) low carbon emission is less important value addition trait as compare to ‎other sustainable cold chain value addition (which means in India the buyers focus more on their individual and prompt received ‎benefits rather than long ‎lasting advantages), iv) the use of life cycle analysis, renewable energy sources and passive cold chain are the least important ‎implemented sustainable cold chain practices (although this might be because of utilization complexities), v) the joint development of product is implemented at the lowest extent judging against other dynamic capacity ‎factors, vii) government usually backed the firms to adopt and implementing sustainability in their operations, but ‎training courses that will guide how to achieve sustainability are less as their requirement, and viii) business sustainability builds the trust among the government, suppliers, firm and all ‎stakeholders that build strong cold chain relationships.‎

Environmental sustainability has become increasingly important to businesses as a response to the rapid depletion of natural resources. Information Technology (IT) in particular represents a meaningful part of the environmental issues that society has been facing. Therefore, Green IT emerges as a way of combining available resources and sustainable and economic policies, thus, generating benefits for both the environment and businesses. The purpose of this paper, hence, is to explain the dynamics of Green IT implementation in organizations in light of the structurationist view of technology. We conducted a case study research based on the cases of three Brazilian companies interested in this movement. Results provide a better understanding of the relationship among technology, individuals, and organization institutional properties, thus enhancing the role played by IT teams in institutionalizing the environmental dimension of sustainability in organizations. RESUMOA sustentabilidade ambiental tem se tornado muito importante para os negócios como resposta à rápida degradação de recursos naturais. A Tecnologia da Informação (TI), mais especificamente, tem sido responsável por parte dos problemas ambientais que a sociedade enfrenta ultimamente. Neste sentido, a TI Verde aparece como uma forma de combinar recursos disponíveis a políticas de sustentabilidade e economia, gerando benefícios para o ambiente e para os negócios. Assim, objetiva-se neste artigo explicar a dinâmica da implementação da TI Verde nas organizações sob a perspectiva estruturacionista da tecnologia, por meio de um estudo de múltiplos casos realizado com três empresas brasileiras interessadas neste movimento. Os resultados permitem uma melhor compreensão da inter-relação entre a tecnologia, os indivíduos e as propriedades institucionais da organização, destacando o papel da equipe de TI na institucionalização da dimensão ambiental da sustentabilidade nas organizações. RESUMENLa sustentabilidad ambiental se ha vuelto de vital importancia para los negocios como respuesta a la disminución rápida de los recursos naturales. La Tecnologías de la Información (TI) en particular representa una parte significativa de los problemas ambientales que ha enfrentado la sociedad. Por lo tanto, la TI ecológica surge como una forma de combinar recursos disponibles y políticas sustentables y económicas, y por lo tanto, generar beneficios para el medio ambiente y los negocios. El objetivo de este documento, por lo tanto, es explicar la dinámica de la implementación de TI ecológica en organizaciones, a la luz de la visión estructuracionalista de la tecnología. Llevamos a cabo una investigación de estudio de caso en los casos de tres empresas brasileñas interesadas en este movimiento. Los resultados ofrecen un mejor entendimiento de la relación entre tecnología, individuos y propiedades institucionales de la organización y, por lo tanto, mejorar el rol representado por los equipos de TI en institucionalizar la dimensión ambiental de sustentabilidad en las organizaciones.

This paper aims to evaluate the social impacts of the Tourism Development Program (Prodetur) in the northeastern town of Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil. The method used is based on the difference in difference technique applied to the 1991 and 2000 Census microdata. The results suggest social advances following from poverty relief based on income - where the benefits are distributed, generally, in a relatively equal manner between the native and migrant population. There is a relative deterioration in the sanitary situation, which consists of a very serious problem in the mid- and long-term, whose costs are mostly borne by the native population. Therefore, maintaining the natural capital is the main aspect that distances Porto Seguro’s tourism supply from the concept of sustainability. The article also relies on difference in difference estimators to assess the impacts of local public policies related to the sector. Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar os impactos sociais do Programa de Desenvolvimento do Turismo (Prodetur) no Nordeste no município de Porto Seguro, Brasil. O método baseia-se na técnica de diferença em diferenças e utilizamos os microdados dos Censos Demográficos de 1991 e 2000. Os resultados sugerem avanços sociais com o alívio à pobreza, sendo os benefícios distribuídos em geral de forma igualitária entre população nativa e migrante. Há uma piora relativa na questão sanitária, que se configura em um sério problema ambiental de médio e longo prazo, cujos custos são em sua maioria absorvidos pela população nativa. Conclui-se que a manutenção do capital natural é o principal problema que afasta o turismo ofertado em Porto Seguro do conceito de sustentabilidade. O artigo também reforça o uso dos estimadores de diferença em diferença como um bom método de avaliação de impactos de políticas públicas no setor.