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2. Extreme Heat Affects Early Childhood Development and Health. Working Paper 1
- Author
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Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, Early Childhood Scientific Council on Equity and the Environment (ECSCEE)
- Abstract
Personal experience, common sense, and science all confirm that temperatures are rising across the United States and around the world. Record-setting heat waves are occurring with greater frequency and lasting longer than ever before. This working paper is the first in a series focusing on the ways that environmental conditions shape young children's development. Heat is just one component of a set of interrelated conditions that affect how children's bodies and brains develop. This working paper offers a summary of current knowledge about how heat impacts developing biological systems.
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- 2023
3. Frequency and Content of the Last Fifty Years of Papers on Aristotle's Writings on Biological Phenomena.
- Author
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Sharpley CF and Koehn C
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- Animals, Insecta, Writing, Biology, Biological Phenomena
- Abstract
Aristotle is often named as the first zoologist or biologist because of his writings on animals. Although Aristotle's major intention in these books was to illustrate his ideas of how knowledge and understanding might advance, at least one modern biologist (C. Darwin) has recognized Aristotle's depth and breadth as being of surviving merit. Of greater surprise is the ongoing attention that his works continue to receive, including publications in contemporary scientific journals. This review identifies 38 peer-reviewed papers on various topics from Aristotle's biological writings that have been published during the last 50 years. These papers are described according to content (genetics, population biology, anatomy, brain, movement), specific creatures (fish, scorpions, elephants, insects, birds), publication outlet, distribution over the fifty year period surveyed, and visible trends in the topics studied. It is concluded that, in the highly-competitive field of peer-reviewed scientific publication and citation, Aristotle's biology continues to excite the interest of scientists and remains salient to modern science itself., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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4. How Do Readers at Different Career Stages Approach Reading a Scientific Research Paper? A Case Study in the Biological Sciences
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Hubbard, Katharine E., Dunbar, Sonja D., Peasland, Emma L., Poon, Jacquelyne, and Solly, Jeremy E.
- Abstract
Reading primary research literature is an essential skill for scientists. However, the high complexity of research papers may pose a barrier to the development of scientific literacy. In semi-structured interviews, we explore how 33 biologists including undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers approach reading an unfamiliar scientific paper. We find that some readers are data-centric, focusing on their own critical evaluation of the data presented, whereas others adopt a more narrative-centric approach, relying on the descriptions of authors to inform their understanding. There was a bias towards undergraduates adopting the narrative-centric approach and researchers adopting the data-centric approach. All postdoctoral researchers and academics prioritised critical interpretation of the data, indicating this is a characteristic of experienced scientific readers. The ability to demonstrate scientific reading skills was context-dependent, particularly with respect to time available and whether a paper aligns well with a reader's specialist area of knowledge. Inexperienced readers often lacked sufficient prior knowledge on which to base their reading, which represented a barrier to their engagement. We make recommendations for how scientific literacy should be developed within undergraduate teaching and beyond, noting that 'one-off' teaching strategies are insufficient when the development of scientific reading skills is a career-long process.
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- 2022
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5. A Comparison of Paper-Based and Computer-Based Formats for Assessing Student Achievement
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Scrimgeour, Meghan B. and Huang, Haigen H.
- Abstract
Given the growing trend toward using technology to assess student learning, this investigation examined test mode comparability of student achievement scores obtained from paper-pencil and computerized assessments of statewide End-of-Course and End-of-Grade examinations in the subject areas of high school biology and eighth-grade English Language Arts and math. Propensity score matching was used to generate comparable groups of students who were assessed using paper-pencil or computer-based formats. T-tests and generalized linear models were further used to examine test mode effect. Analyses revealed a small test mode effect for all three subjects such that students using the paper-based format achieved higher scores than students using the computer-based format. The findings are germane to school districts transitioning to computerized assessments and investigating test mode comparability.
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- 2022
6. Proceedings of International Conference on Humanities, Social and Education Sciences (iHSES) (Denver, Colorado, April 13-16, 2023). Volume 1
- Author
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International Society for Technology, Education and Science (ISTES) Organization, Mack Shelley, Mevlut Unal, and Sabri Turgut
- Abstract
The aim of the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (iHSES) conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, discuss theoretical and practical issues, and connect with the leaders in the fields of "humanities," "education" and "social sciences." It is organized for: (1) faculty members in all disciplines of humanities, education and social sciences; (2) graduate students; (3) K-12 administrators; (4) teachers; (5) principals; and (6) all interested in education and social sciences. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
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- 2023
7. A Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) in Biology: Developing Systems Thinking through Field Experiences in Restoration Ecology
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Stanfield, Erin, Slown, Corin D., Sedlacek, Quentin, and Worcester, Suzanne E.
- Abstract
Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) introduce research leading to skills acquisition and increased persistence in the major. CUREs generate enthusiasm and interest in doing science and serve as an intervention to increase equity and participation of historically marginalized students. In the second-semester laboratory of our introductory sequence for biology and marine science majors at California State University Monterey Bay (CSUMB), instructors updated and implemented a field-based CURE. The goals of the CURE were to promote increased scientific identity, systems thinking, and equity at a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI). Through the CURE, students engaged in scientific writing through a research paper with a focus on information literacy, critical thinking, and quantitative reasoning as important elements of thinking like a scientist. Course exams also revealed that students showed gains in their ability to evaluate a new biological system using systems thinking. More broadly, because such field-based experiences demonstrate equity gains among Latinx students and a much greater sense of scientific identity, they may have impacts beyond introductory biology including in students' personal and professional lives.
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- 2022
8. Learning Biology in the Early Years Through Nature Play in the Forest: An Exploratory Study from Slovenia
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Kos, Marjanca, Tunnicliffe, Sue Dale, Praprotnik, Luka, Torkar, Gregor, Hammann, Marcus, Series Editor, Yarden, Anat, Series Editor, Ergazaki, Marida, Founding Editor, Kampourakis, Kostas, Founding Editor, Zabel, Jörg, Editorial Board Member, Korfiatis, Constantinos, Editorial Board Member, Jimenez Aleixandre, Maria Pilar, Editorial Board Member, Harms, Ute, Editorial Board Member, Reiss, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Gericke, Niklas, Editorial Board Member, El-Hani, Charbel Nino, Editorial Board Member, Dawson, Vaille, Editorial Board Member, Nehm, Ross, Editorial Board Member, McComas, William, Editorial Board Member, Passmore, Cynthia, Editorial Board Member, Grace, Marcus, Editorial Board Member, Knippels, Marie Christine, Editorial Board Member, and Korfiatis, Konstantinos, editor
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- 2024
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9. Incorporating the Biological Bases of Behavior throughout Introduction to Psychology: A Review and Application of 7½ Lessons about the Brain
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Williamson, Manda J.
- Abstract
Introduction: Research suggests benefits for incorporating popular press books into courses to encourage critical thinking and student-instructor interactions about concepts. Objective: This article offers a summary and critique of "7 ½ Lessons about the Brain" by Lisa Feldman-Barrett along with pedagogical strategies for integrating the book within Introduction to Psychology courses. Teaching Implications: This popular press book affords an opportunity to incorporate a biopsychology thematic approach to Introduction to Psychology. Several pedagogical strategies using active learning and collaboration are provided. Conclusion: Choosing to include a popular press book in class to supplement student learning may benefit critical thinking about many concepts presented within "Introduction to Psychology."
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- 2022
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10. Characteristics of papers that affect citations in the Journal of Fish Biology.
- Author
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Fenton, M. A., Fennell, H. L., and Kaiser, M. J.
- Subjects
- *
BIOLOGY , *AUTHORSHIP - Abstract
Identifying the factors that influence the citation of articles helps authors improve the impact and reach of their research. Analysis of publications in the Journal of Fish Biology between 2008 and 2021 revealed that variables such as the number of keywords, abstract length, number of authors, and page length were associated with higher impact papers. These trends applied to both review and regular papers. These findings suggest that papers that are more informative, have higher numbers of authors, and have more keywords are more likely to be cited. Adoption of some simple "best‐practice" behaviors can improve the likelihood that a paper is cited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. The sequential analysis of DNA interpretation and fingerprint ridge patterns on porous paper evidence
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Hegenbart, Sarah
- Subjects
Biology - Abstract
In forensic investigations, when porous substances are submitted for analysis, either fingerprint or DNA analysis can be performed. The purpose of this study was to see if it is possible to perform both fingerprint and DNA analysis on the same piece of evidence and to determine the sequence of analysis that produces the best results. Studies have focused on what fingerprint methods affect DNA analysis but have yet to focus on how DNA analysis affects fingerprint enhancement quality. There are many methods to enhance the visibility of fingerprints on porous substances, but this study chose to use ninhydrin and 1,2-indanedione. In this study, three volunteers deposited their DNA and latent prints onto five different paper substrates (money, copy paper, cardboard, cardstock, and thermal paper). The samples then went through one of the following sequences of analysis: 1) fingerprint enhancement first with ninhydrin method, 2) fingerprint enhancement first with 1,2-indanedione method, 3) DNA analysis first and then fingerprint enhancement with ninhydrin method, and 4) DNA analysis first and then fingerprint enhancement with 1,2-indanedione. The results show that the DNA analysis process significantly decreased the fingerprint enhancement quality while the fingerprint enhancement process with either ninhydrin or 1,2-indandione methods does not significantly decrease the quality and quantity of DNA. These results are important because both fingerprint enhancement and DNA analysis can be performed on the same paper substrates.
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- 2023
12. A Hypothetico-Deductive Theory of Science and Learning
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Steven T. Kalinowski and Avital Pelakh
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This article presents a simple, cognitive theory of science and learning. The first section of the paper develops the theory's two main propositions: (i) A wide range of scientific activities rely heavily on one type of reasoning, hypothetical thinking, and (ii) This type of reasoning is also useful to students for learning science content. The second section of the paper presents a taxonomy of multiple-choice questions that use hypothetical thinking and the third section of the paper tests the theory using data from a college biology course. As expected by the theory, student responses to 24 scientific reasoning questions were consistent with a one-dimensional psychometric construct. Student responses to the scientific reasoning questions explained 36% of the variance in exam grades. Several directions for additional research are identified, including studying the psychometric structure of scientific thinking in more detail, performing randomized, controlled experiments to demonstrate a causal relationship between scientific thinking and learning, and identifying the relative contribution of other factors to success in college.
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- 2024
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13. Exposing the Hazards of Teaching 19th Century Genetic Science
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Jason McCartney
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Science should provide students an accurate and contemporary education on genetic influence, particularly how it impacts trait variability and developmental norms. Stories involving familial, racial, and sexual differences routinely appear in the popular media and sales of over-the-counter genetic tests are mounting. Unfortunately, research suggests genetic curricula in secondary education and university courses have little impact on genetic literacy; instead they appear to amplify genetic essentialism. This position paper reports on genetic essentialism, the impact of three components of science education (teachers, students, curriculum), and critiques existing genetic lessons in two prevalent scientific disciplines, biology and psychology. Two entrenched 19th century genetic paradigms (e.g., Mendelian inheritance and behavioral genetics) are specifically examined. The paper closes with specific recommendations for improving students' genetic literacy including important contemporary genetic science (e.g., epigenetics) and instructional approaches (e.g., learning progression, refutational teaching).
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- 2024
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14. Stability of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus varies across different paper types
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Tomo Daidoji, Hajime Miyazaki, Takaaki Nakaya, Risa Bandou, Ryohei Hirose, Takuma Yoshida, Naoto Watanabe, and Yoshito Itoh
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Paper ,Microbiology (medical) ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Virus transmission ,viruses ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,IP, inkjet paper ,PBS, phosphate-buffered saline ,Viral transmission ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,Virus ,IPP, inkjet photo paper ,FBS, fetal bovine serum ,IAV, influenza A virus ,Influenza A virus ,medicine ,Humans ,Surface structure ,Pharmacology (medical) ,FFU, focus-forming units ,DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium ,TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious dose ,SARS-CoV-2 ,PP, plain paper ,Postcard ,COVID-19 ,MDCK, Madin–Darby canine kidney ,Orthomyxoviridae ,Virology ,Infectious Diseases ,Original Article ,Stability - Abstract
Introduction The assessment of the risk of virus transmission through papers, such as postcards, is important. However, the stability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV) on different types of papers is currently unknown. Investigation of the survival time of these viruses on different types of papers will provide insights into their risk of long-distance transport by postal items. Methods We evaluated the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and IAV, mixed with a culture medium, on the surface of postcards with various coatings, including plain paper (PP), inkjet paper (IP), and inkjet photo paper (IPP). The surface structure of each paper was microscopically assessed. Results The surface structures of PP, IP, and IPP varied greatly depending on the presence or absence, and type, of coat layer, regardless of the base material. IP and IPP surfaces were less conducive to virus survival than PP surfaces, because of the difference in surface shapes. The survival times of SARS-CoV-2 on each paper were approximately 59.8 (PP), 6.5 (IP), and 9.8 h (IPP), and significantly longer than those of IAV (10.3, 1.8, and 3.3 h, respectively). Conclusions The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via paper, such as postcards, is significantly higher than that of IAV transmission. While PP, IP, and IPP have the same base material, their surface structures differ, which affects viral stability. The IP and IPP surfaces are less suitable for virus survival. This study provides novel insights into the risks of viral transmission via paper.
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- 2022
15. Evaluation of pulp and paper making properties of Caesalpinia decapetela
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Tesema Hailu Asrat, Limenew Abate, Mesfin Getachew, and Rakesh Kumar Bachheti
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biology ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering ,Environmental science ,General Materials Science ,Forestry ,Caesalpinia ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
The world demand for paper has been increased due to the increasing population Therefore, to cop up the limited wood fiber resources introducing raw material in pulp and paper industries is necessary. The aims of this study to evaluate the pulp and paper-making properties of Caesalpinia decapetela based on proximate chemical composition, fiber morphology, pulping, bleaching, and physical test of the final product. The results proximate chemical analysis showed that C. decapetela has holocellulose content of 78.14±0.1 % and lignin content 18.0±0.04 %. Fiber morphology revealed that the fibers were 0.708 mm long, 18.63 μm width, and have 5.1 μm cell wall thicknesses. Kraft pulping of C. decapetale, was performed at different active alkali (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 %) and temperature (150, 160 and 170 °C), keeping the sulphidity 25 % constant. The pulp maximum yield 44.1 % was obtained at active alkali content of 15 %, temperature 160 °C, and cooking time 90 minutes. The effect of pulping on fiber morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy which showed the surface of fiber before pulping was tight, orderly arranged and the texture was relatively hard. After pulping, there was the removal of lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. Due to this fiber become soft loosened and contain micro-pores. Pulp produced was bleached, sheet preparation and testing were performed. The prepared paper sheets have a tensile index of 28.19 Nm/gm, burst index of 1.359 kPa m 2 / gm 1.359\hspace{0.1667em}\text{kPa}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{2}}/\text{gm} , and tear indices of 4.2 mN m 2 / gm 4.2\hspace{0.1667em}\text{mN}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{2}}/\text{gm} . This study concluded C. decapetale can be the new raw material for pulp and paper making industries. However, pilot plant studies are required to check this raw material for the full recommendation of the pulp and paper industries.
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- 2021
16. Sterilization of paper during crisis
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Fwzah H. Alshammari and Hebat-Allah A. Hussein
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Paper structure ,Infection risk ,Materials science ,Dry heating ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,biology ,Biophysics ,Bacillus cereus ,Human decontamination ,Contamination ,Sterilization (microbiology) ,Salmonella typhi ,biology.organism_classification ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Gamma radiation ,Dry heat ,Escherichia coli ,Food science ,Respiratory pathogen ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Gamma irradiation ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Paper sheets represent one of the infection risk sources inside educational and administrative institutions under biological pandemics. So, the present study aimed to validate the efficiency of gamma radiation or dry heat techniques to sterilize contaminated paper sheets with different indicator pathogens while retaining their structure. The results showed that gamma radiation at 6, 12, or 24 kGy can successfully kill Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, and fungi such as Candida albicans. Moreover, dry heating at 100 °C for 60 min, 150 °C for 30 min, or 200 °C for 15 min can be successful in paper decontamination of all tested species. Surprisingly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs proved that gamma radiation at 6 kGy, dry heat at 100 °C for 60 min or 150 °C for 30 min or 200 °C for 15 min, is suitable for paper sheet sterilization while maintaining their structure. Ultimately, dry heat is a simple, effective, fast, safe, and inexpensive technique for paper sterilization. It may be used as a precautionary step inside educational institutions, especially during written examination periods, to ensure a safe life for academic members during biological pandemics such as COVID-19.
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- 2022
17. The Public's Understanding of 'Evolution' as Seen through Online Spaces
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Park, Hyoung-Yong and Seo, Hae-Ae
- Abstract
Evolution is a central concept that unifies all areas of life sciences. Despite longstanding scientific efforts in science education, the public's scientific awareness of evolution still needs to improve. Furthermore, teaching evolution is subject to recurring controversy. This study aimed to investigate the gap between public understanding of evolution seen through online spaces and contents in a school curriculum and explore its reasons. A content analysis was conducted using data mining on a major online portal in Korea. It examined the characteristics of creating and consuming content on evolution through the online portal service based on analyzing the number of posts related to biological evolution and active participants. It also discussed the feasibility of automatic document classification to distinguish between scientific understanding and nonscientific beliefs on the evolution and related online circulating contents. The results show that there are tactics for public exposure and dissemination of creationism through online discussions. [For the full proceedings, see ED629086.]
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- 2023
18. Optimization of biodegradable paper cup packaging coated with whey protein isolate and rice bran wax as potential popcorn package
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Majid Javanmard Dakheli, Sedigheh Ganjizadeh Zavareh, and Behjat Tajeddin
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business.product_category ,Materials science ,biology ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,RSM ,food and beverages ,coating ,Paper cup ,engineering.material ,Whey protein isolate ,Coating ,engineering ,biology.protein ,TX341-641 ,Food science ,sense organs ,Rice bran wax ,business ,WVTR ,paper cup ,snacks ,Food Science ,Original Research - Abstract
Biodegradable paper cups coated with rice bran wax and whey protein isolate were designed to package popcorn. Coatings with different concentrations of whey protein isolate (5.5, 7.75, and 10% w/v) and rice bran wax (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% w/v) were applied on the outer surface of the paper cups. Thickness, color changes, Young's modulus and tensile strength, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the coated and uncoated cups, and also popcorns properties (pH, texture, and sensory properties) were evaluated. Water vapor transmission rate, Young's modulus, thickness, total color change index, and tensile strength of coated cups with the optimal coating formulation was 19.785 (g/m2 day), 11.810 (MPa), 276.583 (µm), 1.839, and 11.222 (MPa), respectively. The results showed that paper cup coating increased thickness and yellowness and reduced the brightness, Young's modulus, and WVTR. Coating had a positive effect on the pH and texture of popcorns packaged in coated cups than samples packed in uncoated cups (p, Biodegradable packaging is one of the best types of packaging that wishes not to harm the environment. Paper packaging coated with materials, such as rice bran wax and whey protein isolate, both of which are food waste, can improve paper color and resistance, and provide a good moisture barrier. This type of coating can be used in paper packaging of food such as snacks, noodle packaging, semi‐prepared foods, etc. This type of packaging can also maintain the physicochemical and sensory properties of food for a long time. Also, due to the edible nature of this type of coating, this coating can be used inside the package so that the printability of the packaging surface is not affected.
- Published
- 2021
19. Non-destructive and Rapid Method for Monitoring Fish Freshness of Grass Carp Based on Printable Colorimetric Paper Sensor in Modified Atmosphere Packaging
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Enqiang Yin, Houbin Li, Yixiang Wang, Junwei Wen, Yu Sun, Xinghai Liu, Shibo Qiu, and Zhengjie Chen
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biology ,Food spoilage ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Analytical Chemistry ,Grass carp ,Color changes ,Modified atmosphere ,Non destructive ,Screen printing ,Environmental science ,%22">Fish ,Color response ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Safety Research ,Food Science - Abstract
The freshness indicator can detect the freshness of food through characteristic color changes, and has the advantages of high accuracy and visualization. However, existing freshness indicators cannot achieve low-cost mass production. Addressing this challenge, a printed colorimetric freshness indicator which can be used into the modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of grass carp for freshness monitoring is developed. A printable ink based on natural purple cabbage pigment, carboxymethyl cellulose, and glycerin was prepared, then it was printed in the paper by screen printing and applied to MAP. Additionally, the indicator labels were used in an application trial, which was conducted to monitor the freshness of grass carp under refrigeration (4°C) and at room temperature (25°C). The color response of freshness label was consistent with the spoilage threshold of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and trimethylamine (TMA) content in fish sample. Therefore, the paper-sensor label can be used as a simple and practical indicator for freshness monitoring of grass carp.
- Published
- 2021
20. Adaptive Potential and Endocrine Profile of Pulp and Paper Workers in Arkhangelsk
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Viktoriya Alikina, A. E. Elfimova, and E. V. Tipisova
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Pulp (tooth) ,Endocrine system ,Adaptive potential ,Biology ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
Introduction. Maintaining good health and working capacity of the population is one of the main tasks of the healthcare system. Living under adverse climatic conditions of the North and being exposed to dangerous production factors of the pulp and paper industry, strongly represented in the Arkhangelsk Region, can significantly reduce the adaptive capacity of the body. Major role in providing an adequate response to the action of irritators and initiating the adaptation process is played by the neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and circulatory systems, which reflect qualitative and quantitative changes in the body while being reliable markers of homeostasis. The aim was to study the adaptive potential of workers showing the level of functioning of the circulatory system and to evaluate their endocrine profile depending on the revealed functional capabilities of the body. Materials and methods. The study involved 50 men aged 22–60 years working in the production departments of Solombala Pulp and Paper Mill (Arkhangelsk) with a body mass index of 19–25 and without earlier history of endocrine pathology. Serum levels of thyroxine-binding globulin and oestradiol were determined by means of radioimmunoassay, while serum concentrations of total cortisol, thyrotropin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, progesterone, testosterone, insulin, C-peptide, and somatotropin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The research demonstrated that in 2/3 of the examined employees of the pulp and paper mill the adaptation mechanisms were under strain, while the condition of two subjects corresponded to the physiological norm, which is characterized by good and satisfactory adaptation. Workers with decreased adaptive capabilities to the point of unsatisfactory adaptation showed increased levels of cortisol, thyroxine-binding globulin, oestradiol, C-peptide, and insulin against the background of a decrease in testosterone, progesterone, and the testosterone/oestradiol ratio. The authors recommend conducting periodic medical examinations of pulp and paper workers, including endocrine profile assessment, and monitoring changes that occur over time.
- Published
- 2021
21. #lets-discuss: Analyzing Student Affect in Course Forums Using Emoji
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Blobstein, Ariel, Gal, Kobi, Kim, Hyunsoo Gloria, Facciotti, Marc, Karger, David, and Sripathi, Kamali
- Abstract
Emoji are commonly used in social media to convey attitudes and emotions. While popular, their use in educational contexts has been sparsely studied. This paper reports on the students' use of emoji in an online course forum in which students annotate and discuss course material in the margins of the online textbook. For this study, instructors created 11 custom emoji-hashtag pairs that enabled students to quickly communicate affects and reactions in the forum that they experienced while interacting with the course material. Example reporting includes, inviting discussion about a topic, declaring a topic as interesting, or requesting assistance about a topic. We analyze emoji usage by over 1,800 students enrolled in multiple offerings of the same course across multiple academic terms. The data show that some emoji frequently appear together in posts associated with the same paragraphs, suggesting that students use the emoji in this way to communicating complex affective states. We explore the use of computational models for predicting emoji at the post level, even when posts are lacking emoji. This capability can allow instructors to infer information about students' affective states during their "at home" interactions with course readings. Finally, we show that partitioning the emoji into distinct groups, rather than trying to predict individual emoji, can be both of pedagogical value to instructors and improve the predictive performance of our approach using the BERT language model. Our procedure can be generalized to other courses and for the benefit of other instructors. [For the full proceedings, see ED623995.]
- Published
- 2022
22. 高考综合改革背景下北京市等级考 生物学试卷特点的变化.
- Author
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孙 鹏 and 马会放
- Abstract
Copyright of Biology Teaching is the property of East China Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
23. Xylanolytic Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Industry: New Technologies and Perspectives
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Rajeev Kumar Kapoor, Pratyoosh Shukla, Guddu Kumar Gupta, and Mandeep Dixit
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Laccase ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Biomass ,Bioengineering ,Cellulase ,Raw material ,Biodegradation ,Pulp and paper industry ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,Xylan ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Xylanase ,Molecular Biology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry discharges massive amount of wastewater containing hazardous organochlorine compounds released during different processing stages. Therefore, some cost-effective and nonpolluting practices such as enzymatic treatments are required for the potential mitigation of effluents released in the environment. Various xylanolytic enzymes such as xylanases, laccases, cellulases and hemicellulases are used to hydrolyse raw materials in the paper manufacturing industry. These enzymes are used either individually or in combination, which has the efficient potential to be considered for bio-deinking and bio-bleaching components. They are highly dynamic, renewable, and high in specificity for enhancing paper quality. The xylanase act on the xylan and cellulases act on the cellulose fibers, and thus increase the bleaching efficacy of paper. Similarly, hemicellulase enzyme like endo-xylanases, arabinofuranosidase and β-d-xylosidases have been described as functional properties towards the biodegradation of biomass. In contrast, laccase enzymes act as multi-copper oxidoreductases, bleaching the paper by the oxidation and reduction process. Laccases possess low redox potential compared to other enzymes, which need some redox mediators to catalyze. The enzymatic process can be affected by various factors such as pH, temperature, metal ions, incubation periods, etc. These factors can either increase or decrease the efficiency of the enzymes. This review draws attention to the xylanolytic enzyme-based advanced technologies for pulp bleaching in the paper industry.
- Published
- 2021
24. A Thematic Analysis of HBCU Biology Program Mission Statements
- Author
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Verleen McSween and Kiyarra Sealey
- Abstract
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) demonstrate success in facilitating pathways for STEM graduates into the STEM workforce, and this phenomenon has been widely documented (Gasman & Nguyen, 2014; Upton & Tanenbaum, 2014; Clewell et al., 2016). Although thematic analysis of the mission statements of HBCUs at the institutional level have been conducted (Albritton, 2012; Bryan & Stewart, 2016), similar analysis has not been conducted at the departmental or program level of many discipline- specific STEM areas at HBCUs. In the present thematic analysis, departmental and programmatic mission statements in biology at 28 HBCUs were evaluated to determine the emergent themes that characterize and potentially contribute to student retention and success in biology at HBCUs. Among all Carnegie classes, the 2 most frequent themes included: STEM/ Healthcare Workforce Preparation and Skill Development. The 2 least frequent themes were Diversity & Inclusion and non- STEM Student Science Education. This emphasis on workforce preparation and skill development at the level of the academic unit may provide additional insight into the success of HBCUs in facilitating pathways for URM graduates into advanced training programs and promoting retention of URM professionals in the STEM workforce. [For the full proceedings, see ED652228.]
- Published
- 2023
25. The Effectiveness of an Interdisciplinary Approach in Biology Teaching in Primary School: A Comparison with Monodisciplinary Approach
- Author
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Županec, Vera, Lazarevic, Tihomir, Sekulic, Vanja, and Pribicevic, Tijana
- Abstract
Interdisciplinary teaching and learning is an approach that synthesizes the curricular objectives and methods of two or more disciplines or subjects focusing on a specific topic or issue. While it is being increasingly implemented in universities, at lower levels of education there are still countries where science subjects are taught and learned fragmentarily. To assess the significance of the interdisciplinary approach in primary school biology teaching, the paper aims at an experimental verification of the effectiveness of this method in relation to the quality and retention of student knowledge, compared to the monodisciplinary approach to teaching and learning biology. The paper also describes a scenario for teaching a topic in which biological and geographical contents correlate. The study applied a pedagogical experiment with parallel groups. In total, 180 students attending two primary schools in the city of Novi Sad participated in the experiment and were divided into an experimental and a control group. The findings suggest that the interdisciplinary approach improved the quality and retention of student knowledge. The experimental group was more successful in completing tasks that required comprehension and practical application of knowledge. The study thus emphasizes the need for a professional curriculum development that would enhance the interdisciplinary correlation of various disciplines.
- Published
- 2023
26. Linking Inclusive Narratives to Create STEM Synergy (LINCSS): A Framework for Culturally Responsive STEM Education and Engagement
- Author
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Chavarria, Sara P. and Knox, Corey
- Abstract
This paper introduces a novel framework aimed at supporting non-education faculty and facilitators in creating inclusive educational programs and learning opportunities that address the needs, interests, and priorities of underrepresented individuals and communities in the field of STEM. The framework centers on the fundamental concept of understanding the learner's "why" to assist faculty in developing effective teaching strategies. The article outlines how this framework can be applied in various academic settings and contexts and provides educators and program facilitators with guidance to foster meaningful student connections. Each element of the framework is discussed, accompanied by a set of reflective questions that encourage educators to rethink and redesign their educational experiences. Furthermore, the paper illustrates the practical application of the framework through three distinct case studies that include a project-based learning program for high school students, a college undergraduate STEM course, and a summer research experience for undergraduates. By employing this framework, educators and facilitators can enhance their pedagogical practices, ensuring that traditionally marginalized voices and perspectives are elevated, acknowledged, and valued within STEM education. Ultimately, this work can contribute to a more equitable and inclusive educational landscape, fostering increased engagement and success among underrepresented learners in STEM fields.
- Published
- 2023
27. Implementation and Student Perceptions of OneNote as an Electronic Laboratory Notebook in a General Biology Course
- Author
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Nyutu, Eva
- Abstract
Paper Laboratory Notebooks (PLNs) have been used for centuries to document and archive the thoughts and work of inventors, scientists, students, and engineers. PLNs are the first formal means of scientific communication we teach our students and, in turn, a student's first training on cultivating and expressing scientific thinking. In the science teaching laboratory, PLNs are at the forefront and serve various purposes for students in the science laboratory curriculum, like good documentation practices and accurate record keeping. This paper discusses the reasons for switching to OneNote ELN, the criteria for selecting OneNote ELN software, how OneNote ELN was introduced and used in the course, and students' opinions on using this ELN. We successfully implemented the OneNote ELN in our General Biology Laboratory II sequence course for biology majors and nonmajor students entering the health professions. Students had a generally favorable response to using the OneNote ELN; 98% of students agreed that ELNs enabled them to keep a well-maintained laboratory notebook. Overall, student experience with ELNs was positive, with 85% of students indicating that they would recommend other future science laboratory courses they will be taking to adopt the OneNote ELN. In general, the OneNote ELN was viewed more positively in many respects than the PLNs in ease of its usage, access and organizing the notebook.
- Published
- 2023
28. High School Students' Attitudes towards Learning Genetics and Belief in Genetic Determinism
- Author
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Merita Xhetani and Kristjana Lapi
- Abstract
Students in high school tend to find genetics difficult to learn because it requires some crosslinked knowledge about subjects like genes, proteins, cells, tissues as well as organs and systems. It also becomes more difficult to connect and explain concepts such as the gene expression at the level of the cell to conceptualize the effect of the gene at the level of the organism. On the other hand, despite the fact that molecular genetics has progressed rapidly, its reflection in textbooks or even the qualifications of teachers in relation to the latest findings in genetics, have not responded to this pace. Here we present a survey study of Albanian high school students (grades 10-12, ages 15-19) on their attitude study genetics and their beliefs towards genetic determinisms. A number of 274 students participated in the survey, from 8 different public and private schools in the country. The response rate was higher than 90% for each group, 58.4% of the respondents were females, 32.6 0% were males and 4.1% did not answer. The mean age of the respondents was 16.8 (± 1.8) years. Students found genetics interesting, and relevant but also a difficult topic in biology (respectively: 36.5%; 33.2%: 39.2%). Their responses showed positive attitudes towards gene technology and acceptance of the use of gene editing (51.4%). Students' perception of the utility of genetics did not differ among them; female and male students had significantly different responses along attitude factors, however liking genetics was the only factor without gender difference. Our study suggests that in general students liked to study genetics and they had mostly favorable attitude towards gene technology. They are not completely convinced of genetic determinism; this is also made possible by updated books. A complete study combining the textbooks, the knowledge of the teachers, and their approaches are needed. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
- Published
- 2023
29. An Examination of Reproduction and Development in Secondary School Biology Curricula: Türkiye and Germany
- Author
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Sena Seçil Akpinarli and Salih Levent Turan
- Abstract
Biology, a living science, is known as a balance and complement among other branches of science. Just like the science of biology, biology as a course also plays a very important role among other courses at all school types and grades. It is thought that the adults of the future should not be deprived of knowledge in the field of biology and should use every correct information they have acquired in their daily life to overcome related problems they may encounter. For the change that occurs in the individual's life to be permanent, the way to effective education is through a curriculum developed with socio-cultural, scientific and technological developments, taking into account the conditions of t he country. For example, comparing other countries' educational practices and curricula based on the results from international assessments such as PISA TIMSS. According to the PISA science scores (2018), Germany has performed above the average determined by the OECD. Therefore, current education programs in Munich are discussed as an example in this research. This study adopted document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, as the methodology. The "2018 Secondary Education Biology (9, 10, 11 and 12th Grades) Curriculum" published by the Ministry of National Education in Türkiye and the "Biology Curriculum of Germany" published by Kultusministerkonferenz were examined. While examining the documents in the study, they were subjected to content analysis. According to the findings, as in Bavaria, instead of encouraging rote learning regarding these topics for the sole purpose of university entrance purposes, Türkiye should include in curricula or teach in seminars the social and ethical aspects of HIV/AIDS, sexual/reproductive health, adolescent development, transmission and prevention of diseases, reproductive drug diagnostics, biomedical processes, opportunities, and risks. As a result, there are some differences in terms of content in the curriculum of both countries. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
- Published
- 2023
30. The Effect of Teacher Job Satisfaction on Learners' Academic Success in Biology
- Author
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Issah Ibrahim
- Abstract
This study sought to ascertain how job satisfaction affected learners' biology achievement in the New Juaben North District. The study's methodology was a survey design. The participants in the study are head teachers of senior high schools and teachers of biology in the district. To choose the participants for this particular research, purposive and random samplings were used. 84 individuals composed of the sample size, including 4 school heads and 80 biology teachers were used for this particular study. The main tool for data collection was a structured questionnaire, and the data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). According to the data analysis, 72.62% (61) of respondents were of the believed that changing teachers' working circumstances will have a favorable impact on students' academic achievement. Again, half of the biology teachers 32% (40) were of the view that their pay is insufficient and some must be done about it. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
- Published
- 2023
31. A Study on the Users' Experience in Learning Using a Virtual Reality Laboratory for Medical Sciences
- Author
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Nur Effatul Fairuz Zainal Apandi, Nur Azlina Mohamed Mokmin, and Regania Pasca Rassy
- Abstract
As a result of the worldwide dissemination of COVID-19, educational institutions across the globe, particularly those that serve students in the field of science, have been mandated to close their doors. Consequently, educators and students have increasingly relied on educational technology to obtain a diverse array of resources. This research aims to construct a science laboratory in virtual reality by employing the ADDIE Methodology, a well-established structure for designing instructional programs. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the impact of the virtual reality laboratory on the level of immersion that 37 science students experienced during the learning process. This evaluation will compare the students' sense of presence before and after utilizing the facility. The concept of presence within the context of virtual reality (VR) pertains to the experience of being fully immersed in a digital environment, such that the user's cognitive processes interpret it as being authentic. The degree of immersion users perceive substantially impacts their engagement, conduct, and affective responses while engaging with virtual reality. For this experimental investigation, the participants were segregated into two distinct cohorts. Group 1 consisted of twenty participants who viewed scientific films in two dimensions, whereas Group 2 comprised seventeen participants who engaged in science education through a virtual reality laboratory. The findings suggest a significant presence in both cohorts, with the virtual reality (VR) cohort exhibiting superior performance compared to the other group. The present study offers significant findings for educators and software developers engaged in creating virtual reality (VR) resources for science instruction. In forthcoming studies of instructional technology that utilize virtual reality, it is suggested that cognitive load be scrutinized as a variable. In general, this research adds to the increasing corpus of evidence that showcases the favorable and comprehensive impacts of immersive learning in education. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
- Published
- 2023
32. The Effect of a Teacher's Qualifications and Work Experience on Learners' Achievement in Biology
- Author
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Issah Ibrahim and John K. Eminah
- Abstract
The study tried to ascertain the impact of instructors' credentials and professional expertise on students' biology achievement in Birim Central Municipality, Eastern Region, Ghana. The study used survey design. The respondents were chosen using simple and selective probability sampling. 80 biology teachers and four head teachers gave us the 84-sample size. A questionnaire served as the main research tool, and the data analysis was accomplished with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Many respondents (60.7%) firmly agreed that teachers who possess superior knowledge and skills are better able to instruct students. Majority of those surveyed strongly agreed that experienced teachers are more understanding whenever it involves dealing with behavioral issues of children. This study was intended to considerably add to knowledge in order to enhance students' biology performance and comprehension. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
- Published
- 2023
33. Project-Based Learning: Teachers' Perception & Learners' Preparedness
- Author
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Yelena Minayeva, Larissa Sugralina, Lyazat Salkeeva, Aiman Omasheva, Veronika Erzyamkina, and Svetlana Puchaikina
- Abstract
Earlier at the ICRES 2022 we discussed readiness of teachers of the Chemistry Faculty of the Karaganda Buketov University for the student-centered learning approach lately implemented at the Kazakhstani universities. In particular, we studied the progress made by academic staff in mastering interactive lecturing, case-study, problem-based learning etc. In this study we focus on project-based learning (PBL) and reveal teachers' perceptions regarding the method benefits and challenges as well as preparedness for learning by doing from students' perspective. Academic staff of four Departments as well as students and Master students admitted in such educational programs as "Chemistry", "Chemistry-Biology" and "Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Engineering" were involved in our study. These educational programs train both future teachers and technologists. It was crucial to analyze how both undergraduates and postgraduates of different training programs evaluate the project method efficiency in mastering knowledge in chemical disciplines. Surveys of educators and learners were conducted. The collected data was processed and analyzed. The research results show that the academic staff and learners of the Faculty of Chemistry understand PBL from both positive and negative perspectives. The findings can be beneficial for teachers and students, as they will help them to reflect on their own practice in this educational strategy. There has been demonstrated the need for further research in this direction to better understand teachers' and learners' demands in order to improve the method application at the universities in Kazakhstan. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
- Published
- 2023
34. Do Biology Syllabi Provide Opportunities for Secondary School Students to Engage with Critical Thinking Skills?
- Author
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Selina Thomas Mkimbili
- Abstract
This paper explores the extent to which Biology syllabi are open to students' engagement with and acquisition of critical thinking skills in Tanzania's developing country context. It focuses on the Biology syllabus of Ordinary-level secondary education and that of Advanced-level secondary education. The paper reports the findings of a study whose primary objective was to explore the coherence of the two syllabi under review with the elements of critical thinking skills drawn from extant literature. The analysis also entailed exploring the coherence between the specific objectives of the syllabi linked with critical thinking skills and the assessment questions suggested. The study used the Atlas TI programme to analyse the data to achieve the research objectives. The findings revealed that the specific objectives in the syllabi under review focus mostly on lower order thinking (LOT) skills, according to Bloom's taxonomy of learning, rather than on higher order or critical thinking skills.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Defining Language Goals in EMI: Vocabulary Demand in a High-Stakes Assessment in Hong Kong
- Author
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Daniel Fung and Edsoulla Chung
- Abstract
Despite the rapid growth of English Medium Instruction (EMI) programmes around the globe, the language goals in such programmes have not been clearly defined, making it difficult to evaluate their success. Accordingly, our paper reports on a study that attempted to identify the language goals, operationalised as the vocabulary expected of learners, by investigating the under-explored area of EMI assessment. We sampled a corpus of 16 sets of examination papers in two subject areas, namely, Biology and Geography, spanning eight years in Hong Kong. The examination papers, analysed for their vocabulary profiles, indicated that students were expected to learn beyond the K3 level (the most frequent 3,000 words in English) and master mid-frequency words (K4-K8) as well as academic words. Our findings suggest that the less frequent words were not often shared by the two subjects. Analysing academic words also enabled us to showcase how some words were common across the two subjects while others were more subject-specific. Pedagogical implications are discussed, highlighting the need for teachers and students to attend to target language goals in EMI, and to consider the subject-specific nature of vocabulary items in EMI.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Youth Agency and Conceptualizations of Menstruation in English Education Policy 1928-2020
- Author
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Kate Bowen-Viner
- Abstract
Through the method of tracing-and-mapping, this paper traces the history of how menstruation has been conceptualized in English education policies since 1928, as well as how such conceptualizations have positioned young people. It explains how education policy in England has conceptualized menstruation as a (cis girls') biological process; a controllable problem; and a process that can be instructed on and learned. The paper unfolds how such conceptualizations positioned young people as passive non-agents. It also draws on feminist relational materialism, critical menstruation studies and childhood studies to experiment with different articulations of menstruation and agency. It concludes by reimagining menstruation education and young people's role in addressing menstrual stigma.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Reliable screening of beta 2 ‐adrenoceptor ligands from Rheum palmatum L extract using a paper‐based chromatographic column containing the immobilized receptor
- Author
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Xunyu Xiong, Yefei Nan, and Hong-Jiang Yu
- Subjects
Rheum palmatum ,Chromatography ,biology ,Adrenergic receptor ,Chemistry ,Paper based ,Chromatographic column ,Receptor ,biology.organism_classification ,G protein-coupled receptor - Published
- 2021
38. The respiratory metabolism of overwintering paper wasp gynes ( Polistes dominula and Polistes gallicus )
- Author
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Helmut Käfer, Anton Stabentheiner, Helmut Kovac, and Iacopo Petrocelli
- Subjects
Paper wasp ,Physiology ,Insect Science ,Respiratory metabolism ,Zoology ,Biology ,Polistes gallicus ,biology.organism_classification ,Polistes dominula ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Overwintering - Published
- 2021
39. A comparative fiber morphological analysis of major agricultural residues (used or investigated) as feedstock in the pulp and paper industry
- Author
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Zoltán Börcsök, Levente Csóka, Vladimír Gryc, Kyriaki Giagli, Zoltán Pásztory, and Dimitrios Tsalagkas
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,biology ,Chemistry ,Pulp (paper) ,Bioengineering ,Miscanthus ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Sunflower ,Husk ,Animal science ,Stalk ,Hardwood ,engineering ,Fiber ,Bagasse ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
The suitabilities of major agricultural residues were assessed as papermaking feedstocks. All the examined agricultural residues were assumed as potential candidates for substituting hardwood fibers in mixed pulp blends from a fiber morphological perspective. Wheat, barley, rice, rapeseed, maize, sunflower, sugarcane bagasse, coconut husk, and two genotypes of miscanthus grass underwent identical maceration. The fiber length, fiber width, cell wall thickness, and lumen diameter were measured to calculate the slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient, and Runkel ratio. The average fiber length ranged from 0.50 mm ± 0.32 mm (MG-S-02-V) to 1.15 mm mm ± 0.58 mm (sugarcane bagasse). The fiber width ranged from 10.77 μm ± 3.28 μm (rice straw) to 22.99 mm ± 5.20 mm (sunflower stalk). The lumen diameter ranged from 4.52 μm ± 2.52 μm (rice straw) to 13.23 μm ± 4.87 μm (sunflower stalk). The cell wall thickness ranged from 3.02 μm ± 0.95 μm (rice straw) to 4.80 μm ± 1.48 μm (sunflower stalk). The slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient, and Runkel ratio values ranged between 28.08 to 58.11, 37.97 to 60.8, and 0.62 to 1.68, respectively. Wheat, maize, rapeseed, sugarcane bagasse, and coconut husk were found to be appropriate residue sources for papermaking feedstocks.
- Published
- 2021
40. Exploring Speededness in Pre-Reform GCSEs (2009 to 2016)
- Author
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Emma Walland
- Abstract
GCSE examinations (taken by students aged 16 years in England) are not intended to be speeded (i.e. to be partly a test of how quickly students can answer questions). However, there has been little research exploring this. The aim of this research was to explore the speededness of past GCSE written examinations, using only the data from scored responses to items from a sample of 340 GCSE components. Speededness was calculated as the average (mean) percentage marks lost from the longest string of unanswered items at the end of each student's examination paper. The potential impact of student ability on examination completion patterns was taken into account. The data suggested that most GCSEs analysed were unlikely to have been speeded. This method of exploring the speededness of exams using only scored responses has potential (although there are limitations), and it can flag potentially problematic components for further investigation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Integrating Biology and Mathematics Using IMS-TEAM Framework
- Author
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Duygu Sönmez
- Abstract
STEM education is on demand more than ever as the workforce relies on 21st century skills and STEM disciplines. This paper presents a framework (IMS-TEAM) for integration of mathematics and science with the use of technology and modeling in an authentic context. The activity based on this framework is designed for and implemented with forty-four 8th grade students in Turkey. The study was conducted to investigate the impact of the activity as well as the IMS-TEAM framework. A qualitative methodology was utilized. Data analysis revealed that different components of our conceptual framework fostered the integration of mathematics and science affecting the nature of students' engagement with the activity. Different frameworks are required to be adapted to different environments with the consideration of learners and teachers. Future research investigating the effectiveness of IMS-TEAM framework adapted to different content and disciplines would provide more evidence on the effectiveness of the framework.
- Published
- 2024
42. Investigation of cyanobacteria blooms in paper mill wastewaters and assessment of zinc as a control agent
- Author
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H. Burger, J. Marzouk, John van Leeuwen, John Awad, S. Dickson, Burger, H, Dickson, S, Awad, J, Marzouk, J, and Van Leeuwen, John
- Subjects
Cyanobacteria ,Chlorophyll a ,Environmental Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Zinc ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,cyanobacteria ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrient ,Environmental Chemistry ,Ecotoxicology ,paper mill ,wastewater ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,fungi ,zinc ,Paper mill ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification ,phycocyanin ,chemistry ,engineering ,Environmental science ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Bloom ,business - Abstract
Refereed/Peer-reviewed At a paper manufacturing mill (PML) that had been previously part of an integrated pulp (bisulphite) and paper mills industry, cyanobacterial blooms were observed in the mill’s aerated stabilization basin (ASB) ponds at about 3 years after pulping had been discontinued. This study aimed to determine the factors that led to bloom occurrences and potential control strategies applicable to the paper manufacturing mill’s, aerated stabilization basin system that discharges wastewaters into a coastal lake. Following discontinuation of pulping, the colour of the wastewaters reduced to low levels (~ 10 Hazen units or less), while the levels of nutrient remained potentially supportive of cyanobacteria growth with total phosphorus at ~ 0.1 mg/L and total nitrogen at > 2.5 mg/L. Incidences of blooms in the ABS were associated with preceding average monthly rainfalls and wind speeds being less (~ 44% and ~ 7%, respectively) and average direct sunlight hours being greater (~ 9%) than the long-term average values. Zinc was investigated for control of cyanobacteria as this metal is less toxic to aquatic organisms and microflora than copper algaecides. In laboratory culture trials, zinc was found to inhibit growth of M. aeruginosa (strain MIC338) and Pseudanabaena sp. when dosed at ~ 2.5 mg/L. The inhibition of cyanobacteria by zinc was found to vary between ASB pond samples which had different in situ chlorophyll a levels. This study found that the PML wastewaters investigated can be supportive of cyanobacterial growth to bloom levels after discontinuation of pulping processes and that zinc has potential as a cyanobacteria control agent.
- Published
- 2022
43. Simultaneously Detecting Monoamine Oxidase A and B in Disease Cell/Tissue Samples Using Paper-Based Devices
- Author
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Meirong Wu, Jie Liu, Changmin Yu, Xiao Huang, Wenhui Ji, Jinhua Liu, Lin Li, Hua Bai, Hai-Dong Yu, Ding Chen, Limin Wang, Qiong Wu, Bo Peng, Haixiao Fang, Yipei Chen, and Naidi Yang
- Subjects
Paper ,Cell ,Biomedical Engineering ,Mitochondrion ,law.invention ,Cell Line ,Biomaterials ,law ,Neoplasms ,medicine ,Humans ,Monoamine Oxidase ,Chemiluminescence ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Chemistry ,fungi ,Biochemistry (medical) ,food and beverages ,Oxidative deamination ,General Chemistry ,Monoamine neurotransmitter ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Enzyme ,Biochemistry ,Equipment and Supplies ,biology.protein ,Monoamine oxidase A ,Bacterial outer membrane - Abstract
As enzymes in the outer membrane of the mitochondrion, monoamine oxidases (MAOs) can catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines in the human body. According to different substrates, MAOs can be divided into MAO-A and MAO-B. The imbalance of the MAO-A is associated with neurological degeneration, while excess MAO-B activity is closely connected with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD); therefore, detection of MAOs is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. This work reports the multiplexed detection of MAO-A and MAO-B using paper-based devices based on chemiluminescence (CL). The detection limits were 5.01 pg/mL for MAO-A and 8.50 pg/mL for MAO-B in human serum. In addition, we used paper-based devices to detect MAOs in human cells and tissue samples and found that the results of paper-based detection and Western blotting (WB) showed the same trend. While only one antibody can be incubated on the same membrane by WB, multiple antibodies incubated on the same paper enabled simultaneous detection of MAO-A and MAO-B by paper-based devices. The paper-based assay could be used for preliminary early screening of clinical samples for MAOs and can be extended as an alternative to WB for multiplexed detection of various proteins in disease cell or tissue samples.
- Published
- 2022
44. Paper mulberry fruit juice: a novel biomass resource for bioethanol production
- Author
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Deng Shihuai, Mei Huang, Fei Shen, Qin Jiang, Yongmei Zeng, Dong Tian, Li Zhao, and Pleasure Chisom Ajayo
- Subjects
Optimization ,Technology ,Resource (biology) ,biology ,Ethanol conversion ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemical technology ,Nutrient screening ,Paper mulberry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biomass ,TP1-1185 ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Response surface methodology ,Biofuel ,Environmental science ,Production (economics) ,Fruit juice ,1G feedstock ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
By way of broadening the use of diverse sustainable bioethanol feedstocks, the potentials of Paper mulberry fruit juice (PMFJ), as a non-food, sugar-based substrate, were evaluated for fuel ethanol production. The suitability of PMFJ was proven, as maximum ethanol concentration (56.4 g/L) and yield (0.39 g/g) were achieved within half a day of the start of fermentation, corresponding to very high ethanol productivity of 4.7 g/L/hr. The established potentials were further optimally maximized through the response surface methodology (RSM). At the optimal temperature of 30 °C, yeast concentration of 0.55 g/L, and pH of 5, ethanol concentration, productivity, and yield obtained were 73.69 g/L, 4.61 g/L/hr, and 0.48 g/g, respectively. Under these ideal conditions, diverse metal salts were afterward screened for their effects on PMFJ fermentation. Based on a two-level fractional factorial design, nutrient addition had no positive impact on ethanol production. Thus, under the optimal process conditions, and without any external nutrient supplementation, bioethanol from PMFJ compared favorably with typical sugar-based energy crops, highlighting its resourcefulness as a high-value biomass resource for fuel ethanol production. Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2022
45. A Customized Microfluidic Paper-Based Platform for Colorimetric Immunosensing: Demonstrated via hCG Assay for Pregnancy Test
- Author
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Mahroo Baharfar, Guozhen Liu, Siyi Zou, and Mohammad Rahbar
- Subjects
Pregnancy test ,Paper ,Analyte ,Chorionic gonadotrophin ,Pregnancy Tests ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Early pregnancy factor ,02 engineering and technology ,microfluidic paper-based analytical devices ,point-of-care testing ,human chorionic gonadotrophin ,colorimetric detection ,immunosensing ,pregnancy test ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,Home pregnancy tests ,Pregnancy ,Humans ,Instrumentation ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Immunoassay ,Chromatography ,biology ,Filter paper ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,General Medicine ,Paper based ,Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,biology.protein ,Colorimetry ,Female ,0210 nano-technology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Over the past decades, paper-based lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) have been extensively developed for rapid, facile, and low-cost detection of a wide array of target analytes in a point-of-care manner. Conventional home pregnancy tests are the most significant example of LFAs, which detect elevated concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in body fluids to identify early pregnancy. In this work, we have upgraded these platforms to a higher version by developing a customized microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD), as the new generation of paper-based point-of-care platforms, for colorimetric immunosensing. This will offer a cost-efficient and environmentally friendly alternative platform for paper-based immunosensing, eliminating the need for nitrocellulose (NC) membrane as the substrate material. The performance of the developed platform is demonstrated by detection of hCG (as a model case) in urine samples and subsequently indicating positive or negative pregnancy. A dual-functional silane-based composite was used to treat filter paper in order to enhance the colorimetric signal intensity in the detection zones of μPADs. In addition, microfluidic pathways were designed in a manner to provide the desired regulated fluid flow, generating sufficient incubation time (delays) at the designated detection zones, and consequently enhancing the obtained signal intensity. The presented approaches allow to overcome the existing limitations of μPADs in immunosensing and will broaden their applicability to a wider range of assays. Although, the application of the developed hCG μPAD assay is mainly in qualitative (i.e., positive or negative) detection of pregnancy, the semi-quantitative measurement of hCG was also investigated, indicating the viability of this assay for sensitive detection of the target hCG analyte within the related physiological range (i.e., 10–500 ng/mL) with a LOD value down to 10 ng/mL.
- Published
- 2021
46. Study The Properties Of Mixed Kenaf And Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Oil Palm Fibre Insulation Paper
- Author
-
Nurul lIzzati Binti Hashim, Rahisham Abd Rahman, Rushdan Ibrahim, Fakroul Redzuan Bin Hashim, Ja’afar Adnan, and Mohd Taufiq Bin Ishak
- Subjects
Softwood ,Materials science ,biology ,Cellulosic ethanol ,Papermaking ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Electrical insulation paper ,Bast fibre ,Composite material ,biology.organism_classification ,Kraft paper ,Kenaf - Abstract
Cellulosic fibre composites from agriculture waste product bast fibre such Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) oil palm has lower cost than normal softwood fibre and they are great alternative to be considered in insulation papermaking. For this purpose, EFB fibre, kenaf fibre and their blend were used to fabricate electrical presspaper samples through a laboratory papermaking process. The study of physical, mechanical and electrical properties such as cellulosic structure, tensile strength, AC voltage breakdown and lightning impulse breakdown strength were conducted according to the standard testing method of insulation IEC60243-1:2013. From this research, the physical structure, mechanical and electrical behaviour of mixed EFB and kenaf fibre insulation paper are comparable to Kraft paper and qualified the basic criterion to be an electrical insulation paper as required by IEC60641-2 standard. The purposes of this insulation paper produced is to be use in electrical transformers, therefore the same test should be repeated to the insulation paper that have undergone aging process at normal and accelerated operating temperatures.
- Published
- 2021
47. The Effects of Iron Rust on the Ageing of Woods and Their Derived Pulp Paper
- Author
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Mourad F. Mohamed, Yahia G. D. Fares, Ayman S. Taha, Mohamed Z. M. Salem, Martin Böhm, Ramadan A. Nasser, Vojtěch Pommer, and Wael A. A. Abo Elgat
- Subjects
iron rust ,mechanical properties ,wood pulp ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,accelerated ageing ,Polymers and Plastics ,Organic chemistry ,engineering.material ,Pinus rigida ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,QD241-441 ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Lignin ,Aspergillus terreus ,Cellulose ,biology ,Pulp (paper) ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Tectona ,engineering ,Kraft paper - Abstract
The accelerated ageing of wood in terms of heating or iron rusting has a potential effect on the physio-mechanical, chemical and biological properties of wood. The effects of accelerated ageing on the mechanical, physical and fungal activity properties of some wood materials (Schinus terebinthifolius, Erythrina humeana, Tectona grandis, Pinus rigida and Juglans nigra) were studied after several cycles of heating and iron rusting. The fungal activity was assayed against the growth of Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium culmorum and Stemphylium solani. In addition, the mechanical and optical properties of paper sheets produced from those wood pulps by means of Kraft cooking were evaluated. The mechanical and chemical properties of the studied wood species were affected significantly (p < 0.05) by the accelerated ageing, compared to control woods. With Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, we detected an increase in the intensity of the spectra of the functional groups of cellulose in the heated samples, which indicates an increase in cellulose content and decrease in lignin content, compared to other chemical compounds. For pulp properties, woods treated by heating showed a decrease in the pulp yield. The highest significant values of tensile strength were observed in pulp paper produced from untreated, heated and iron-rusted P. rigida wood and they were 69.66, 65.66 and 68.33 N·m/g, respectively; we calculated the tear resistance from pulp paper of untreated P. rigida (8.68 mN·m2/g) and T. grandis (7.83 mN·m2/g) and rusted P. rigida (7.56 mN·m2/g) wood; we obtained the values of the burst strength of the pulp paper of untreated woods of P. rigida (8.19 kPa·m2/g) and T. grandis (7.49 kPa·m2/g), as well as the fold number of the pulp paper of untreated, heated and rusted woods from P. rigida, with values of 195.66, 186.33 and 185.66, respectively. After 14 days from the incubation, no fungal inhibition zones were observed. Accelerated ageing (heated or iron-rusted) produced significant effects on the mechanical and chemical properties of the studied wood species and affected the properties of the produced pulp paper.
- Published
- 2021
48. Detection of Avocado Sunblotch and Other Viroids Using RNA Filter Paper Capture and RT-PCR
- Author
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James A. Heick, D. M. Mathews, J. Allan Dodds, and Sohrab Bodaghi
- Subjects
biology ,Filter paper ,Chemistry ,viruses ,Sterile water ,food and beverages ,RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Horticulture ,Avocado sunblotch viroid ,Chrysanthemum stunt viroid ,Standard protocol ,Peach latent mosaic viroid ,Potato spindle tuber viroid - Abstract
This method originated due to the need to quickly and sensitively detect Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) in nursery and field trees in California. Optimum sampling protocols were developed for leaf collection from different sized trees based on size and branching as well as for fruit. An ethanol containing buffered extract from 1 g of ground leaf tissue was used as the source of RNA. The extract was absorbed onto small pieces (disks) of Whatman No. 1 filter paper which were then washed and dried. RNA was eluted from the filter paper using sterile water and used as a template in a standard single-tube RT-PCR reaction. The RNA adsorbed on the filter paper disks was quite stable, and the disks could be stored for over 1 year and shipped worldwide at ambient temperature with no noticeable decline in the quality or quantity of the resulting RT-PCR products. The filter paper capture method was expanded to the detection of other viroids including Potato spindle tuber viroid, Peach latent mosaic viroid, and Chrysanthemum stunt viroid and was tested with some viruses as well with minor modifications of the standard protocol.
- Published
- 2021
49. Plasmodium falciparum Allelic Diversity: A Comparison of DNA Extraction from Isolates Collected on Rapid Diagnostic Tests (Rdts) and Filter Paper
- Author
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Denise Patricia Mawili-Mboumba, Marie Louise Tshibola Mbuyi, Marielle K. Bouyou-Akotet, and Noe Patrick M’bondoukwe
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Genetics ,Genetic diversity ,biology ,Filter paper ,Rapid diagnostic tests ,Diagnostic test ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,DNA extraction ,Malaria ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Original Article ,Parasitology ,Allelic diversity - Abstract
Background: To perform molecular epidemiologic studies based on large cohorts, material such as RDTs or filter papers are useful for biological sample collection and extraction of RNA or DNA of good quality. Thus, we aimed to assess the quality of DNA extracted from malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) stored at various temperatures for the analysis of Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity. Methods: Febrile patients benefitted from free malaria diagnosis using microscopy in a malaria sentinel site, at the Regional Hospital Estuaire-Melen, in Gabon, in 2015. P. falciparum isolates were collected onto one filter paper and 2 similar RDTs devices (Acon®) per patient. Nucleic acids were extracted with QiAmp Qiagen kit from paper and RDTs and the quality of the DNA was analyzed by msp1 gene amplification. Results: Msp1gene amplification was achieved in nucleic acids extracted from all filter papers and RDTs devices (n = 45, 100%). K1 alleles were detected in 93.3% (n = 42/45) of the samples and Mad20 alleles in 73.3% (n = 33/45). The number and the intensity of K1 and/or Mad20 fragments were comparable according to the sample collection material and the storage conditions (room temperature vs -20°C) of the samples. The size of the fragments indicating allelic diversity was comparable in 80% (n=36) of the samples. Conclusion: These data show that RDTs are a valuable source of DNA for malaria parasite genetic polymorphism analysis. Storage conditions of the devices did not influence the quality of DNA extracted from RDTs device, although some alleles may be missed.
- Published
- 2021
50. Effects of Paper Mulberry Silage on the Growth Performance, Rumen Microbiota and Muscle Fatty Acid Composition in Hu Lambs
- Author
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Fei Chen, Kuikui Ni, Xiaomei Li, Fuyu Yang, Xianwen Dong, Chunze Guo, Yi Xiong, and Lin Wang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,paper mulberry ,TP500-660 ,biology ,Silage ,Fermentation industries. Beverages. Alcohol ,Fatty acid ,rumen bacteria ,Forage ,Plant Science ,Broussonetia ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,lambs ,fatty acids ,Rumen ,Acetic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Eubacterium ,Dry matter ,silage ,Food Science - Abstract
Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) is widely ensiled to feed sheep in southwestern China, as unconventional woody forage. Feeding lambs with paper mulberry silage (PMS) may improve certain feeding characteristics, thereby affecting the growth performance and meat quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of four diets of PMS on growth performance, rumen microbial composition, and muscle fatty acids profile in Hu lambs. The results showed that 30% and 40% PMS increased the dry matter intake and average daily gain of Hu lambs compared to the control group. PMS30 and PMS40 increased the content of C24:1, and PMS40 increased the content of C20:5n-3. The content of microbial protein (MCP) was higher in PMS40 than in others, but PMS30 and PMS40 reduced the total volatile fatty acid in rumen. PMS30 significantly increased the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid. The abundance of ruminal Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group was significantly higher in PMS30 and PMS40 groups. Moreover, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group had a significant positive correlation with n3-polyunsaturated fatty acid. PMS40 might lead to a relatively high content of unsaturated fatty acids in longissimus dorsi muscle by increasing the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group in rumen.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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