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In the context of Judiciary or Forensic Linguistics, this paper shows the results of a study on rhotic consonants in prepausal position (in the spontaneous speech of central peninsular Spanish) in order to assess their forensic value for identifying speakers. The variables that have been analysed are the number of components and the acoustic features of the first and second components of the consonant, which correspond to the closure and opening phases, respectively. The results have shown some significant differences amongst speakers, which is why the rhotics are considered a useful segmental element in comparing speech samples on judiciary purposes

Ancorada na perspectiva teórica da Análise do Discurso, na interface com a Filosofia e as Ciências Sociais, meu propósito, neste artigo, é pensar a circulação dos discursos sobre a leitura na internet. O corpus analisado se constitui de alguns excertos de relatos escritos por alunos de três cursos de graduação do Ensino Superior (Ciências Biológicas, Matemática, Pedagogia), os quais colocam em evidência a produção de discursividades sobre a leitura do texto-papel para o texto-tela, bem como a relação do sujeito-aluno-leitor com as "novas" tecnologias digitais no mundo contemporâneo e globalizado.Anchored in the theoretical perspective of Discourse Analysis at the interface with the Philosophy and Social Sciences, my purpose in this paper is to focus on discourses about reading on the internet. The corpus is composed of excerpts of stories written by students of three undergraduate courses (Biological Sciences, Mathematics, Education), which emphasize the production of discourses about reading the text-paper to text-screen as well as the relation of subject-student-reader with the "new" digital technologies in contemporary globalized world.

Resenha do livro "Panoan language and linguistics", que apresenta um amplo panorama linguístico, histórico e cultural a respeito do conhecimento produzido sobre as línguas da família Pano.

The present paper focuses on the travel notes by Michel Vieuchange (1904-1930), a young Frenchman who decided to reach Smara, a holy Muslim city located in the middle of the desert, to describe it, and to draw a map. His notes are to be analysed through the prism of autobiogeography. The term used by Michel Collot means telling your life through the places that has affected you. In the case of Vieuchange’s notes the geographical descriptions intervene with the description of the personality of the traveler and form a whole. The paper shows that three cities, Tiznit, Tigilit and Smara, mark three stages of the travel and correspond to different aspects of Vieuchange’s personality.

This paper is made in continuation of the article of Fabrice Marsac, Witold Ucherek and Magdalena Dańko “De l’infinitive de perception dans la pratique traductologique” (Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 46/1, 2019); both papers fall within the framework of the bilateral Polonium program “On the translation of French perception structures into Polish” (n° PPN/BIL/2018/1/00181), implemented and financed by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA), the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (MEAE) and the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (MESRI). In the present case, we intend to report on the content and progress of the part “multi-dimensional labelling” of this long-term French-Polish project. Therefore, we describe the formal encoding of structures, categories and functions of the items in the large multi-label corpus (French-Polish) we have been collecting since 2019.

In the Italian academic discourse research, Master’s degree theses used to be studied mainly from the perspective of linguistic competencies of their authors. However, strictly linguistic skills are not the only challenge for undergraduate, who must also convey intellectual content in appropriate discursive and rhetorical forms. The paper explores the patterns of a peculiar form of “collaborative writing”, i.e. the cooperation between the thesis supervisor and the student. Using the example of Master’s theses in linguistics, written in Italian as a foreign language, three basic didactic approaches are discussed in the paper. In the didactics of content the supervisors emphasize knowledge, i.e. linguistic concepts expected to be applied in a Master’s thesis. In the didactics of forms, the supervisors focus on the linguistic code, that is, on grammatical and lexical correctness of the Master’s thesis. In the didactics of forms of content the supervisors use regularities observed in academic discourse, such as genre and rhetorical structures, as valuable teaching resources likely to help students develop metacommunicative awareness.

The aim of this study is to analyse four different expletives in the Irish English variety, following a semantic and pragmatic approach. Thus, this paper observes the connection between individual expressiveness and Irish identity, through the use of Irish expletives. These pejorative terms are loanwords borrowed from Irish into Hiberno-English in the Republic of Ireland. The analysed terms belong to the semantic fields of geography, scatology and sex. Through a corpus-based analysis and lexicographical treatment, this paper identifies and examines these terms regarding the following parameters: degree of frequency, semantics, etymology and pragmatic move.

This paper aims at exploring the process of semantic shift in Compositional Cospecification with regards to the prototype effects found in the middle construction, understood as a prototype category which allows the subsumption of both central and peripheral members within the middle spectrum. The range covers structures from action- oriented to ergative-like ones, including their metonymic extensions. This paper is conducted through a corpus of contextualised examples (4500+) compiled with the Sketch Engine tool. By examining the lexical-semantic, discourse- pragmatic, and situational features that influence the process of constructional coercion, the family- resemblance analysis provided here reveals that different patterns in Compositional Cospecification can be found within the middle spectrum. The parameters examined are: (i) the qualia structure of the nominal; (ii) the semantics of the predicate in combination with the nature of the nominal; (iii) the semantic charge of the adjunct; and (iii) other external and contextual factors surrounding the construction.

This paper discusses two topics which are very popular nowadays among the academics dealing with foreign language teaching, namely: intercultural competence and pragmatic error. The author notes the fact that those two notions appear separately, because the starting points for discussing them are usually different fields of science. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that on one hand the two notions need to be treated uniformly, and on the other, that the pragmatic error should be included in error classifications which are references for both the authors of handbooks as well as people educating future teachers. For that purpose, the author defines intercultural competence, presents various approaches to error and its classification in teaching, and then explains what pragmatic error is and describes its linguistic characteristics.

The paper deals with Italian helping verbs (modal, aspectual, causative verbs) and light verbs which form complex predicates and with the rules that guide its use in Italian descriptive grammars published in Italy between 1953 and 2005. The author shows that those forms in both – traditional and contemporary Italian descriptive grammars are treated at the level of word classes whereas it could be more appropriate to discuss them as clause elements as they form complex predicates. In our opinion this way of describing such verbs is due to the tradition in Italy to focus on a form and not on function of an element. What is more, Italian grammarians tend to omit in Italian descriptive grammars noun predication and the role of semantic predicate (n pred.). The goal of the paper is to present the advantages of an integrated approach to helping verbs (modal, aspectual, causative verbs) and light verbs in modern Italian. The author emphasizes its importance for contemporary Italian FL syntax teaching

The aim of this paper is to address the issue of teaching politeness in textbooks dedicated to learners of Italian as a foreign language. It is assumed that in today’s ever-changing world, full of conflicts and challenges of various kinds, polite communication has become of increasing importance as it helps overcome differences between the participants of the act of communication and promote a peaceful coexistence. Politeness is a phenomenon particularly sensitive to the situational context: the forms considered appropriate vary according to the parameters such as place, channel, age or status of the interactants. Since the complexity of politeness and the variability of its exponents make it difficult to teach, the purpose of this research is to analyze if and how the current textbooks of Italian deal with this aspect of communicative competence. The paper examines which aspects of politeness are taught and with what methods. The analysis is based on the selected textbooks of Italian published in Italy and Poland, in order to compare their approaches.

The present paper is aimed to analyze how certain concepts of political identity are translated into poet-ics of identity in contemporary Spanish narrative. The analysis covers four novels published since 1998, written by Spanish authors and which achieved high rates of sales and positive critical recognition. The study was not limited to specific immigrant groups in order to reflect a variety of experiences and political positions represented in the texts. The paper is a study of the image and functions of immigrant characters in selected Spanish novels of the last three decades: Háblame, musa, de aquel varón (1998) by Dulce Chacón, Ventajas de viajar en tren (2000) by Antonio Orejudo, Cosmofobia (2007) by Lucía Etxebarria and En la orilla (2013) by Rafael Chirbes. Sociologists and psychologists indicate three main classes of negative attitudes towards immigrants (citizen insecurity, threat to cultural identity and competitiveness in obtaining resources). Within this context the article aims to determine to what extent the literary representations of immigrant characters constitute reproductions or transgressions of culturally prefabricated images of the Other and explores the different narrative and ideological functions these characters play. The paper also studies the presence of discourses that support social exclusion of immigrants and the means of subverting them.

The conjunction como si select usually in the subordinated adverbial clauses (modal, conditional and comparative) the tenses of the subjunctive mood cantara / cantase and hubiera / hubiese cantado. However in some papers is mentioned the possibility of the construction of como si with the tenses of indicative mood. This paper contains the analysis of the modal selection after como si and, particularly, the possible substitution of subjunctive by the indicative tenses. The analyses is realized on the ground of the corpus of Real Academia Española (CORPES XXI, CREA, CREA. Versión anotada).

This paper discusses teacher-room interaction in a community of practice (WENGER, 1998) of student teachers of English as an Additional Language, focusing on the dyad requests for help—offers of help, which often take place in the community. The community was affiliated with extinct Languages without Borders in a large university in south of Brazil. The research is affiliated with the paradigm of practice theory (YOUNG, 2009) and uses qualitative and interpretive methodology (ERICKSON, 1990; Mason, 2002). It is possible to conclude that the kind of teacher-room interaction presented in this paper greatly contribute to student teachers’ professional development throughout their trajectory in the community.

The aim of this paper is to explore the symmetry in the underlying structure of the nominal and the predicate in the English middle construction, basing our analysis on Rijkhoff’s (1991, 2002, 2005, 2008) analogy Clause–NP, and also by taking account of lexico-semantic and discourse-pragmatic aspects to examine how genericity (Carlson, 2011) and qualia structure (Pustejovsky, 1991; Yoshimura and Taylor, 2004) function in the process of semantic shift in compositional cospecification (Yoshimura, 1998). In this paper, we argue that middles, as generics, are indisputably non-eventive, even when they occur in other than the Present Simple tense (contra Fagan, 1992). However, it is necessary to analyse the semantic and discourse- pragmatic boundaries between an individuative and a generic interpretation of those middles which incorporate what Rijkhoff (1991) calls ω3 operators, and we also need to examine the ±experiencer role of the speaker in connection to the action denoted by the predicate. El propósito de este artículo es explorar la simetría en la estructura subyacente del sintagma nominal y el predicado en la construcción media inglesa, basando nuestro análisis en la analogía Oración-Sintagma Nominal (Rijkhoff, 1991, 2002, 2005, 2008), atendiendo a aspectos léxico-semánticos y pragmático-discursivos para examinar cómo la genericidad (Carlson 2011) y la estructura de qualia (Pustejovsky, 1991; Yoshimura y Taylor, 2004) funcionan en el proceso de cambio semántico en la co- especificación composicional (Yoshimura, 1998). En este artículo, argumentamos que las oraciones medias, como las genéricas, son indiscutiblemente no- eventivas, incluso cuando ocurren en otro tiempo distinto al Presente Simple (contra Fagan 1992), pero es necesario analizar los límites semánticos y pragmático-discursivos entre una interpretación individuativa y una genérica de aquellas expresiones medias que incorporan lo que Rijkhoff (1991) denomina operadores ω3, además de la necesidad de examinar el ±rol experimentador del hablante en conexión a la acción denotada por el predicado.

This paper aims to problematize the very place of prosuming images (TAPSCOTT; WILLIAMS, 2007), that is, images simultaneously produced and consumed, within the perspectives of the postmodern and the visual turns in contemporary society. Of qualitative/interpretative nature, it discusses and connects such turns to the philosophical concepts of dialogism (BAKHTIN, 1981), cultural translation (MIGNOLO; SCHIWY, 2002; MENEZES DE SOUZA, 2004; HALL, 1997), supplements (DERRIDA, 1978), and visual culture (ROGOFF, 2002; HALL, 1997) by means of interpretations of photographic images from social media (Instagram, Facebook) and free images from websites. The article is divided into 5 sections: after the introduction in which questions of language, representation and visual meaning making are briefly discussed, the second part explores the dialogic nature of language that seeks to juxtapose visual narratives. The third part focuses on the Postmodern and the Visual turns, and suggests that concepts of cultural translation and supplementation are paramount in visual studies. In the fourth section, visual culture – intertwined with cultural translation - is analyzed through the concepts of supplements and ruptures. To conclude, this paper advocates for more critical ways of understanding the so-called crisis of representation in (post) modern society.

This paper analyzes one of the inquisitorial trials conducted by the Santo Oficio of Lima between 1699 and 1709. The pages 109 to 11 of the file 5.345 in the Lima Inquisition section of the AHN describe the personal characteristics of a woman whose knowledge, actions and social interactions reveal ethnic, cultural, and above all superstitious alliances, with urban magical practices. The fact she was from Cuzco, her trade as a spinner, and that she was mestiza exemplified the exchange and appropriations of the magic-religious prac­tices and expressions developed in the city. In each of her confessions, she related to her inquisitors the motilities, the knowledge and the skills acquired over the years, as her being mestiza allowed her move between the Hispanic and indigenous worlds, and, at the same time, carry with her a series of prejudices that facilitated a level of recognition among her peers. However, this same social recognition labelled her as a dangerous woman and, there­fore, a transgressor. Therefore, the paper details the dialogues, actions and expressions that assert the urban magical practices developed by subjects whose social position symbolizes, on the one hand, the magic-religious exchange between the different ethnic categories and, on the other, a threat to the inquisitorial authorities.

Providence Island Sign Language is an indigenous sign language of Colombia, used in the Caribbean Island of Providence (Spanish: Providencia). First described in the 1960s and 1970s, the sign language has received little follow up research. In this paper I introduce a small-scale documentation project of PISL that began in 2019 and is ongoing. I describe the aim, methods and output of this project and reflect on data collection, particularly with respect to sampling members of the language community. This paper contributes to the ongoing discussions around best practices in sign language documentation, by adding a case study focused on sampling in a micro-community sign language.

The paper aims to present the potential, for foreign language students, of the exolingual interactions online in public and open forums. For the analysis of students’ commentaries, I apply the observation categories that were first elaborated for the analysis of posts published in press sites. I focus on narrative commentaries in which web users organize phenomena and events discussed in public discourse and try to give them their individual interpretation. I consider this kind of interaction on press sites as contrib-uting to the civic debates: I argue that they can be also integrated in observation categories used to describe and analyze exchanges between students discussing social issues in reference to foreign lan-guage media information. In the paper I present two kinds of commentaries: those written by native speakers in public forums and those written by FL students in response to public commentaries.

This paper aims at examining the causes of the emergence of French subordinate Noun-Noun com-pounds. It is well known that the Noun-Noun pattern in French remains marginal compared to other lexicogenic processes, especially N-PREP-N or N-A, and it is supposed that its appearance as well as its progressive development took place during the last two centuries (19th-20th). The aim of this paper is to examine more in detail when and why French Noun-Noun structures emerge. As for the first question, empirical data from the Frantext corpus allow to hypothesize that both the type and the token frequency of French Noun-Noun compounds remain stable since the thirties of the nineteenth century until the end of the Second World War and that after this period, especially during the sixties, it begins to grow exponentially. Contrary to Arnaud’s estimate (2003, p. 141), no significant change in frequency or productivity was observed around the middle of the 19th century. As for the second question, the author claims that the emergence of subordinate N-N compounds was triggered by an increase in the productivity of the attributive N-N compounds, for which there is no competitive pattern in French. The theoretical rationale of this hypothesis is anchored in paradigmatic approaches to word formation, with specific reference to the formalization made according to the Construction Morphology framework (Booij, 2010).

Acronyms are lexical units that have been thoroughly explored in terms of their morphology or pronun-ciation. However, their semantic value has not been entirely determined yet. The present paper aims at investigating the manner in which a semantic value of an acronym, and particularly a difference between proper and common acronyms, influences techniques applied to translating them. In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, on the basis of the cognitive theory of proper names, the authors have distinguished Polish and French acronyms being ergonyms as well as acronyms belong-ing to proper names and these designating item classification. The paper concerns the analysis of both Polish and French translations of ergonyms in foreign language press and French common acronyms in the Polish press. The performed analysis allows observing a tendency towards transferring acronyms-ergonyms that play the role of a rigid designator rather than full names in the target text. By contrast, the techniques of translating common acronyms differ, depending on whether they designate phenomena typical of the source culture or universal ones.

Resistance has proven to be a hard concept to define. Debates about resistance in the sociological and sociolinguistic literature cover many aspects: from the degree to which resistance can be seen as related to established social groups (see Rampton 1996), to the level of agentivity and intention that is required for an action to be regarded as resistant, to the type of social behavior that qualifies. Thus, while some see resistance as based on actions, others see it as based on cultural appropriation (Hall and Jefferson 1976). In their comprehensive review of literature on the topic, Hollander and Einwohner (2004) conclude that resistance can be seen as consisting of action and opposition. In this paper, I analyze resistance from the point of view of opposition to ideas, social situations, institutional actions and processes that result or may result in discrimination or stereotyping of specific social groups, as negotiated in the digital sphere by migrant and non-migrant youth belonging to a school-based community. Indeed, it has been argued (Chiluwa 2012, Chibuwe & Ureke 2016) that digital environments constitute ideal arenas for the development of resistance thanks to their wide reach and their ability to mobilize people around common themes. However, much of the research in this area has targeted organized resistance fueled by political or ethnic groups. In this paper I argue that resistance is an emerging process that does not necessarily stem within political contexts or from open choice, but can develop within interactional exchanges focused on everyday life events. Thus, what I am interested in here is in how spontaneous acts and discourses of resistance emerge in the everyday exchanges of a diverse community that was not born around a particular social or political agenda. For this paper, I will examine exchanges that happen on the Facebook page of one of the members of the community. I will show how resistance takes many forms: from irony and jokes to the raising of serious topics, to the dissemination of information and through different discourse genres: from storytelling to the posting of pictures.

This paper outlines a research agenda centred on the production of spaces of dialogue and solidarity between peripheral territories. The term ‘transperipheries’ summarises a proposal for research and engagement developed collectively by seven researchers situated in the field of applied linguistics. The transperipheries agenda offers a pathway for breaking with established paradigms that divorce knowledge production about inequality from the subjects and territories engaged in its contestation from marginalised positionalities. In other words, we argue for bridging the distance between production of knowledge about peripheries and production of knowledge from peripheries, while also projecting spaces of dialogue and reflection between regional, national and global peripheries. The paper provides examples of epistemic work undertaken by the contributing authors as a way of showing how research on themes such as literacies, translation, racialisation, sociolinguistic registers and violence, can be revisited through a transperipheral lens. We invite readers from all kinds of peripheries and epistemic fields to build on and debate this research agenda.

In the book on Re-theorizing Literacy Practices edited by Bloome, Castanheira, Leung & Rowsell (2019) is the following quotation grounded in the work of Brian Street that represents a critical definition of literacy practices central to the papers presented in this special issue of Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada/Papers in Applied Linguistics focusing on Researching practices in literacies across languages and social domains: International Perspectives.

This paper presents a research study exploring the elements of design in an interdisciplinary curriculum in higher education from an ethnographic perspective. The goals of this paper are two-fold. The first goal is to present the kinds of literacy processes and practices that are embedded within an interdisciplinary course identified as the “best course” by a lead professor of pilot instructional development program within a university project initiative. The second goal is to present the sources of influence that contributed to the iterative (re)formulations of the eight courses, which in turn shaped the required literacy processes and practices in each course. Guided by interactional ethnography, two cycles of analyses of ethnographic archived records of a developing research project supplemented by interviews and threads of email conversations were undertaken. Adopting Lea and Street’s (2006) three overlapping models of literacies, as a framework, the analyses revealed that students engaged in multiple literacy processes and practices to appropriately participate in an interdisciplinary curriculum. The second cycle of analyses made visible that a common background and knowledge shared by the instructional team was a foundational component in designing interdisciplinary curriculum. An iterative and reflexive analysis of the design process with the focus on students’ performance was another crucial element of curriculum design. An influence of the larger contexts also contributed to the development of the course design. Insights from this study provide principles of practice to navigate the challenges in designing an interdisciplinary curriculum bounded within a program initiative.

This paper describes a telling case account that occurred during an ethnographic study in the United States in a secondary school senior British Literature class with only two African American young women, Pam and Natonya. The telling case complicated silence and also made visible other reflexive processes that provided opportunities to unpack and theorize silence, which led to the articulation of the silence trilogy. Further, it also made visible how the African American woman scholar’s own lived experiences informed her attempt to make sense of how Pam and Natonya navigated the silence(s). This paper will primarily foreground the works of Scholars of Color and use Black feminist and sociolinguistic theory to explore the following question: How did two African-American females in a predominately white educational space negotiate the silence(s) (e.g., silence, silencing, and silenced)? How did the African American woman researchers of color make sense of their negotiation?

This paper provides a telling case account of how a child called Charlie was positioned and (re)positioned himself within and across different situational types of classroom literacy encounters in his first-grade classroom. This telling case is based on a re-analysis of an originating study conducted by the author (Harris, 1989); and is founded on a history of research based on revisioning archived data records as new theories develop. Providing a profile of different ways in which a child positions self and is positioned by the teacher, the system and peers, this telling case presents a research approach for understanding positioning processes and their consequences for children as they develop literacy processes and identities. To make transparent how the telling case study led to new theoretical insights, this paper makes visible multiple levels of analytic scale and angles of analysis of positioning (Anderson, 2009) that were undertaken to make visible the dynamic nature of positioning as understood through Positioning Theory (Harré & Langenhove, 1999; Harré, 2012). This telling case study, therefore, builds a foundation for developing theoretical understandings of the fluid and dynamic nature of positioning in classrooms, and influences of positioning on children’s opportunities to enact and demonstrate their literate identities and capabilities.

Autoethnography is the study of culture through the study of self (ELLIS, 2004; ELLIS et al, 2011). In this paper, we explore the value of autoethnography in the study of academic literacies. We draw on our own experiences as ethnographers and autoethnographers of literacy to provide illustrative examples. We show how autoethnography has provided a fresh understanding of the role of place and space in developing academic writing across countries and between English and Spanish (OLMOS-LÓPEZ, 2019). We discuss the value of team autoethnography in researching academic writing (TUSTING et al., 2019). And we reflect together on our own journey of development as academic writers, showing how a mentoring relationship has been part of both of our trajectories. The paper aims to argue for the value of autoethnography as an approach to studying academic literacy practices, particularly in providing insight into identity and personal experience.

This paper describes the linguistic features of Afro-Peruvian Spanish as spoken in the municipality of El Carmen, in the immediate vicinity of Chincha. These are linguistic variants that can mostly be found in other parts of Peru, being always stigmatized as ‘peasant’, ‘vulgar’, etc. Some features, however, are rather unusual within their national context and may even be related to Caribbean Spanish or to other afrovernacular varieties spoken in Latin America. Against this background, some comments about the place of Afro-Peruvian Spanish in the Peruvian variational context and in the so-called Afro-Hispanic Linguistics turn out to be mandatory. Finally, this paper highlights the actual need of an accurate variational description of Afro-Peruvian Spanish, even more as the Afro-Peruvian community is demanding and, fortunately, gaining visibility in today’s Peru (although much work remains to be done).

This paper deals with the use of two spatial adverbial constructions in Spanish: locative adverb + possessive pronoun (as in “delante suyo”), that alternates with the normative form locative adverb + [preposition de + personal pronoun] (as in “delante de él”). The study presents an overview of its historical and geographic distribution, a topic which has not been deeply approached before. The analyzed materials consist of the main three corpora of Spanish (CORDE, CREA and CORPES XXI). The starting point is that the construction with the possessive form is present in all Spanish speaking regions and that it alternates with the prepositional construction. Based on empirical data and earlier studies, this paper finds that the possessive construction can be found in almost all Spanish speaking regions, but that it was first used and has its origin in Peninsular varieties of Spanish and has the highest frequency of use in the River Plate region.

There are different formal structures which requests can be made with depending on the register used and the degree of courtesy. During the teaching process, these structures are introduced according to their recursiveness and difficulty, and not necessarily due to their courtesy. This can cause mismatches between the perception of requests in L2 and in L1. In this paper we intend to analyze if this is really the case, or if there are no differences in the perception of these structures in L1 and L2.

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of applying the Invited Inferencing Theory of Se-mantic Change in order to establish the semantic evolution of idioms with literal correlates, in particular somatisms or kinegrams. The methodology is applied to analyze the testimonies (until 1700) of Spanish somatism cerrar los ojos in a diachronic corpus of Spanish language (CORDE), so as to find out what inferences generated contextual meanings that conditioned its lexicalization as idiom, semanticizing sym-bolic meanings related to death, sleep, knowledge, irrationality, submission or trust.

The paper analyzes the stylistic variation of implosive /s/ in Guayaquil Spanish. The aim is to verify the sociolinguistic status of /s/-weakening according to Labov’s three-level hierarchy: linguistic indicators, markers, and stereotypes. It is argued that the aspired allophone [h], by representing a clear pattern of stylistic variation, can be qualified as a marker, and since it receives metalinguistic commentary from the speakers, it is also a stereotype in the Guayaquil speech community. The analysis contains a quantitative study of /s/ variation on a corpus of radio speech (CHARG) and a qualitative confrontation of the results with responses gathered in a language attitudes survey.

The present paper aims to provide a classification of the Panoan linguistic varieties spoken in the province of Purus (Ucayali, Peru). The data covers lexical information coming from nine Panoan linguistic varieties of the Purus province, as well as grammatical information taken from eight of them. The data have been analyzed using phylogenetic methods and show the need of including all these languages in a single Panoan subgroup. The results, however, show inconsistent trends between the lexical and the grammatical data: lexical data suggest the existence of three well-defined linguistic units, while the grammatical data point towards the existence of four. This fact opens interesting questions regarding the so-called Yaminawa dialectal continuum. Finally, this paper discusses the position of Iskonawa (an obsolescent Panoan language) in relation to the languages of Purus. The data shows that Iskonawa is closely-related to the languages of the Purus region.

U.S. involvement in both theatres of WWII, i.e., in Europe and in the Pacific, has been widely reflected in literature, film, music, and art. This paper investigates the way American intervention in the Pacific is showcased in Terrence Malick’s film The Thin Red Line (1998) and the miniseries The Pacific (2010), directed by, among others, Jeremy Podeswa, and produced by, among others, Tom Hanks. I seek to analyze the aesthetics and ethics of U.S. war in the Pacific that these two media project. Do the chosen examples justify American intervention? How was the war in the Pacific different from that one in Europe? Were U.S. soldiers ready to fight in the Pacific? How did the war influence its participants? These are some of the questions the paper will meditate upon in large detail.

Through the analysis of the incunable and postincunable editions of Plautus’ comedies, this paper establishes that Francisco López de Villalobos uses a 1497 Italian edition (even a 1495 one) as source text for his translation of Amphitruo. This paper also sustains that Villalobos translated Amphitruo into Spanish –at least an initial version of it– in Salamanca before August 1498. This hypothesis is supported by the analysis of Villalobos’ glosses, by his translation of verses (attributed to Italian humanist Ermolao Barbaro) that Villalobos inserted in the abovementioned edition Amphitruo, and by several characteristic features of the life and work of the Zamoran doctor. Therefore, the first translation into Spanish of a comedy by Plautus coincides in time and space with the production of the first printed version of La Celestina.

In the northwest of Cáceres there is a Romance variety with controverted affiliation. The recent book of Costas (2013) gathers several works that defend a Galician origin, explained by medieval processes of repopulation. One section contains a selection of words that have acquired a meaning in that variety; this list could be used as an evidence of the special character of this language with respect to its neighbours and to point out its distance from Portuguese. Nevertheless, this paper proposes a contrastive analysis between those words and Castilian and Portuguese dialectal materials that reveals that the situation is far from Costas’ description. In fact, almost half of the meanings that were presented as specificities of the fala are well documented in dialectal Portuguese. This paper aims to claim the need to consider dialectal materials produced close to the Valley of the Ellas, since they are essential to reach rigorous conclusions about the origin of the fala.

Saussure is considered by the authors of the linguistic history textbooks, both Europeans and Americans, as the great revolutionary of the twentieth century and he is unanimously appointed by the generations that succeeded him as the founder of “modern” linguistic discipline, strictly speaking. Admitting that a similar process has also happened in other academic circles, like the Brazilian one, the central question of this paper is to ask how Saussure was perceived and reported by the Brazilian researchers who have studied these issues in the first half of the twentieth century. How did the Brazilian academic community of that period interpret the relationship between philology and the Saussurean linguistic perspective? Our study material were mainly the reviews, the news, and, selectively, the research papers of the Brazilian philology and Brazilian linguistics journals published in the years before and immediately after the translation of the Course in general linguistics into Portuguese (1970).

My paper talks about post-human spaces and technological afterness associated with the physiognomy of humans. Mechanical alteration in biological mechanisms is directly experienced in seizing of organic consciousness. The rupture in consciousness splits it into two distinct parts—one belonging to the disappearing human, the other to the emerging cybernetic. The new being is not another human, but (an)other human, an evolved different sameness. In the film Realive (2016) we encounter an extension of the self beyond death by re-placing it into another body. However, this enhancement diffuses all ‘natural’ responses and meaning-making vehicles, primarily the cognizance of death and mortality. In a classic Frankensteinian restoration, Marc is reanimated in 2084 through extensive methods of cryonization under the banner ‘Lazarus project’. The post-human ‘humachines’ dissolve the position of the teleological man and stretch DNA to digitality. Upgrade (2018) shows us the metamorphosis of Grey Trace, a luddite, by an installed biomechanical enhancer chip, Stem. The roach-like implant not only erases Grey’s quadriplegic body, but ironically ‘desires’ to possess and manoeuver the host’s body. Robotic consciousness in these assimilated after-humans is borrowed consciousness activated by infusing the evanescent biological particle – life. Nanotechnology, molecular machines, nerve manipulators, cameras implanted inside the brain, self-generating nanobots, artificial mechanical limbs have emerged as elements of posthuman utopia/dystopia. Paradoxically, in both the films the protagonists, after their reanimation and upgradation, try to return to their original position of death and disability. In their quest to retrieve the lived body they lose their embodied reciprocations with animals, machines and other forms of life. The mysterious, irreducible, unknown and unknowable potentiality of life is levelled and dissipated by surplus information. This paper attempts to discuss the reactions of embodied body as memory post-cryonization, and to understand limits of psychological disability and death of consciousness after technological reconstruction of the disabled body.

Contemporary dystopia has distinguished itself from the canonic texts of the genre since it has problematized technology and is permeated by posthumanism. This update in the dystopian genre has a utopic subtext within the narrative. In it, utopia is only achieved by a return to nature; such a connection between humanity and nature will only be restored by the feminine who will work as a bridge to a posthuman relation among species. This paper will start from the contributions of Derrida (1997, 2008), Dunja M. Mohr (2007), Rita Terezinha Schmidt (2017) and Cary Wolfe (2009) to analyze the trilogy Hunger Games (2008, 2009, 2010), aiming to discuss epistemologically the utopic subtext. The paper will show that Rue and Katniss will create a strong bond with nature, being the last female character responsible to lead society to a posthuman utopic place.

Within a framework of transnationalism, and through narrative analysis using the Labovian model, this paper offers a discussion of the role of social and sociocultural remittances in the identity constuction of transnational youth pursuing tertiary education in a public university in central-north Mexico. Through the exploration of oral data from semi-structured interviews the discussion aims at providing evidence of the ties and engagement that the participants develop on both sides of the Mexico-U.S. border through the exchange of goods, values, worldviews, attitudes, practices and linguistic elements, and how these impact their personal identity construction. The data presented in this paper come from the qualitative corpora of a study currently carried out by the author as a Ph.D project at Trinity College Dublin.

This paper offers the first characterization of the ethnobiological taxonomic system used by the Kakataibo people (Pano, Peru) to classify and organize their knowledge about nature. The study follows the six ranks proposed for folk taxonomies (see Berlin et al 197; Berlin 1992), but the data suggest that the Kakataibo taxonomic system exhibits an extra taxonomic level in association with culturally and perceptually more salient categories, producing highly complex classifications (non-salient categories exhibit much simpler internal organizations). This paper also demonstrates the existence of overlapping plant classifications, which seem to be relevant for the understanding of the whole Kakataibo taxonomic system.

This paper proposes a contextualization of the didactic comic book Aguinha!! De Cabo Verde às Canári-as... e vice-versa. The comic book in question emerged as part of the institutional project financed by European funds, but at the plot level it hides any explicit affinities with Europe. For this reason, we chose to analyze the contents of the book in the transinsular order and to draw both on the concept of environ-mental education and on border thinking. It is also proposed to frame this comic book as a complementary, non-autonomous didactic material

This paper presents an analysis of mythopoeic elements in three novels by Mia Couto. Starting from Mircea Eliade’s definition of myth, we look for elements of the Living Cosmos with its axis mundi, centre and periphery, chaos and harmony and quest in the novels. Such structure of the analysis allows us to consider the cultural colonization and decolonization of contemporary Mozambique. We conclude that the analysis of the mythopoetic schema in Mia Couto’s novels demonstrates a crisis of cultural harmony in the contemporary Mozambican state and nation. On the other hand, however, the mythopoetic reveals a horizon of cultural and traditional models of persistence that save not only from chaos but above all from the dehumanization of society.

This paper discusses the stages of the translation process and their ideological features. Teaching transla-tion, which includes an explanation and a simulation of the whole process, is supposed to acquire a new ideological dimension since it takes place in the classroom. The translation process is defined as a series of negotiations and decisions made by several “ideological subjects” involved in carrying out a particular translation service. The simulation of this processis suggested as a didactic method of teaching translation and indicated as a useful introduction into the market of professional translation. The study emphasizes a more active performance of students in learning translation. It also includes some didactic recommendations and explanations of the ideological burden always present in the practice of transla-tion. The paper is mainly based on the Manipulation School approach in Translation Studies.

This paper aims to investigate the Classical proverbs listed as equivalents to the Catalan proverb L’amic, prova’l primer ans que l’hages menesterby Sebastià Farnés in his volume entitled Paremiologia catalana comparada. In this paper, I will establish these Classical proverbs’ sources, consider their authenticity and correspondence withthis Catalan proverb, and increase the number of Classical sources, since this Catalan proverb bears witness to its Classical tradition and is related to philosophical and literary passages that can be considered as previous manifestations of this tradition. These Greek and Latin passages are compiled and compared so as to determine the different ways in which the idea included in this Catalan proverb was expressed over time. The conclusion is that the consideration about friendship presented by this proverb is embedded into a long textual/ideological tradition whichultimately refers to the sage Solon, the poet Theognis and the philosopher Theofrast, although there may be connections with the Judeo-Christian tradition as well.

The aim of this paper is to present a first dialectometric approach to the geolinguistic distribution of the Romance varieties using a new corpus based on the Atlas Linguistique Roman (ALiR) which is currently being developed at the Centro Ramón Piñeiro para a Investigación en Humanidades. However, the dialectometrization of ALiRwill allow us not only to analyze the linguistic distance among the varieties of Romania Antiqua, but also to shed light from a quantitative perspective on several issues that have historically raised controversy. Specifically, this paper deals with the Romance subgrouping of the Catalan language, an issue that has been recently reopened by Radatz (2012).

The studies on Polish francophone literature put an emphasis on a selected group of authors (Potocki, Mickiewicz, Krasiński) and on some literary genres (diary and travelogue). The aim of this paper is to study the work of a lesser-known feminine writer, Anna Nakwaska, member of cosmopolitan literary milieu and author of several short stories and novels, written in French. Applying selected concepts of spatial literary studies, the first part of the article proposes to perceive the publishing strategies of Nakwaska as a tool for introducing Polish feminine literature in a broader European context. In the second place, the study of some Nakwaska’s short stories show her interest for a literary presentation of several geographical problems, including demography (put in the context of antisemitism) and regional ecology. The use of Polish toponymy brings a foreignization of the francophone fiction.

In our paper we show how Black writers (those of Africa and those of the Black diaspora in Europe and America) have contributed to the intellectual work centered on the idea of Africanity. We explain to what extent literature, as one of the domains of culture, reflects different visions of Africa, as formulated in the discourse of the World Congresses of Black Writers and Artists (Paris, 1956 and Rome, 1959). With refer-ence to the official texts presented or elaborated during these events, we expose in which way literature is involved in the decolonial remapping of the geocultural place of Africa and in the remodeling of the postco-lonial literary geography while pointing out the precursory or heralding character of certain postulates whose echoes will be heard during the festivals of negro and pan-African art of the 1960s and whose relevance is also confirmed nowadays.

The paper is an attempt at showing how the mentions and quotations of contemporary geographic dis-courses inserted in the Balzacian texts and paratexts are there to outline the features of a new novelistic æsthetic. We will start from the following observation: the Balzacian novel and its encyclopedic ambi-tion are contemporaneous with the first attempts of some geographers to found a unified science from a diversified set of knowledges and practices. Therefore, modern geography may appear as an adversary of Balzac’s own ambition of totalization and we will show that geographic discourse, rather than being a model for him as other scientific discourses are, is distorted in his novels, deprived of its epistemological value and reduced to a science without knowledge.