47,133 results
Search Results
52. Effects of elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3 on leaf litter production and chemistry in trembling aspen and paper birch communities.
- Author
-
Liu L, King JS, and Giardina CP
- Subjects
- Betula metabolism, Biomass, Carbon chemistry, Ecosystem, Nitrogen chemistry, Plant Leaves metabolism, Populus metabolism, Soil analysis, Betula drug effects, Carbon Dioxide pharmacology, Ozone pharmacology, Plant Leaves drug effects, Populus drug effects
- Abstract
Human activities are increasing the concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]) and tropospheric ozone ([O3]), potentially leading to changes in the quantity and chemical quality of leaf litter inputs to forest soils. Because the quality and quantity of labile and recalcitrant carbon (C) compounds influence forest productivity through changes in soil organic matter content, characterizing changes in leaf litter in response to environmental change is critical to understanding the effects of global change on forests. We assessed the independent and combined effects of elevated [CO2] and elevated [O3] on foliar litter production and chemistry in aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and birch-(Betula papyrifera Marsh.) aspen communities at the Aspen free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment in Rhinelander, WI. Litter was analyzed for concentrations of C, nitrogen (N), soluble sugars, lipids, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and C-based defensive compounds (soluble phenolics and condensed tannins). Concentrations of these chemical compounds in naturally senesced litter were similar in aspen and birch-aspen communities among treatments, except for N, the C:N ratio and lipids. Elevated [CO2] significantly increased C:N (+8.7%), lowered mean litter N concentration (-10.7%) but had no effect on the concentrations of soluble sugars, soluble phenolics and condensed tannins. Elevated [CO2] significantly increased litter biomass production (+33.3%), resulting in significant increases in fluxes of N, soluble sugars, soluble phenolics and condensed tannins to the soil. Elevated [O3] significantly increased litter concentrations of soluble sugars (+78.1%), soluble phenolics (+53.1%) and condensed tannins (+77.2%). There were no significant effects of elevated [CO2] or elevated [O3] on the concentrations of individual C structural carbohydrates (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin). Elevated [CO2] significantly increased cellulose (+37.4%) input to soil, whereas elevated [O3] significantly reduced hemicellulose and lignin inputs to soil (-22.3 and -31.5%, respectively). The small changes in litter chemistry in response to elevated [CO2] and tropospheric [O3] that we observed, combined with changes in litter biomass production, could significantly alter the inputs of N, soluble sugars, condensed tannins, soluble phenolics, cellulose and lignin to forest soils in the future.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
53. In-situ CVD synthesis of Ni@N-CNTs/carbon paper electrode for electro-reduction of CO2.
- Author
-
Miao, Zhichao, Meng, Jian, Liang, Manfen, Li, Zhenbin, Zhao, Yuzhen, Wang, Fangyuan, Xu, Leilei, Mu, Jinglin, Zhuo, Shuping, and Zhou, Jin
- Subjects
- *
CARBON electrodes , *CARBON paper , *CARBON dioxide , *CHEMICAL vapor deposition , *CARBON nanotubes - Abstract
For the electro-reduction of CO 2 to syngas, the fabrication of electrodes with excellent and adjustable catalytic performance is a critical step. In this work, Ni particles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes on carbon paper (Ni@N-CNTs/CP) composites were designed and prepared via an in-situ chemical vapor deposition method. As confirmed by different characterization techniques, the Ni@N-CNTs are successfully synthesized, and the surface of the CP is evenly covered by the Ni@N-CNTs. The effects of Ni content and treating temperature on the textural properties of composites are carefully investigated. The Ni@N-CNTs/CP composites are directly employed as the electrode for electro-reduction of CO 2 , and the action mechanisms of the N species, Ni particles, and N-CNTs structure are explored as well. The electrode exhibits excellent catalytic activity and high stability, reaching a specific current of 10 mA cm−2. The H 2 /CO ratio in the achieved syngas can be tuned in the range of 5/1 to 1/1.5. Image 1 • A in-situ CVD method was employed to fabricate an electrode for electro-reduction of CO 2. • The as-synthesized Ni@N-CNTs evenly cover on the whole surface of CP. • The Ni@N-CNTs/CP electrode exhibits high CO 2 reduction activity and stability. • The ratio of H 2 /CO can be adjusted in the range of 5/1 to 1/1.5. • The action mechanism of different components are detailedly investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
54. An Internet of Things Framework to Forecast Indoor Air Quality Using Machine Learning
- Author
-
Rastogi, Krati, Lohani, Divya, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Editorial Board Member, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Kotenko, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Thampi, Sabu M., editor, Trajkovic, Ljiljana, editor, Li, Kuan-Ching, editor, Das, Swagatam, editor, Wozniak, Michal, editor, and Berretti, Stefano, editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
55. Noninvasive cardiac output monitor algorithms are more sophisticated and perform better than indicated in modeling paper.
- Author
-
Orr JA, Kück K, and Brewer LM
- Subjects
- Computer Simulation, Humans, Algorithms, Carbon Dioxide, Cardiac Output physiology, Monitoring, Physiologic instrumentation, Pulmonary Circulation physiology
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
56. Selected paper from 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Sources (ICoRES 2019)
- Author
-
Jewiarz, Marcin and Jewiarz, Marcin
- Subjects
Research & information: general ,Biochemical Methane Potential Correction Coefficient ,Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE) ,CFD ,Chinese cabbage ,Cup plant ,FEFLOW ,Giant miscanthus ,Miscanthus ,Scots pine ,Virginia mallow ,agriculture ,algae ,anti-gravity ,artificial neural network ,biogas ,biomass ,biomass conversion ,briquettes production ,bubble pump ,calorific value ,carbon dioxide ,combustion ,combustion simulation ,compaction ,corn ,cylindrical LED light coat ,decision support system ,density ,design ,die ,disc-mill ,drying ,durability ,efficiency ,exploitation of energy sources ,finite element modeling ,greenhouse gases ,grinding ,ground source heat pump ,heating and ventilation systems ,industrial-scale efficiency ,laboratory-scale efficiency ,loss prevention ,management ,mechanical durability ,moisture content ,multilayer perceptron ,passive heat transport ,pellets ,perennial biomass ,photobioreactor ,photosynthetic microorganisms ,pollutant emissions ,poultry slaughterhouse waste ,pressure compaction ,reduction of pollutant emissions ,refuse-derived fuel ,refuse-derived fuel (RDF) ,renewable energy ,rice ,sawdust ,single-family houses ,slow release fertilizers ,small-scale thermal energy storage ,solar collector ,solid density ,specific density ,spent coffee grounds ,stove ,thermal imbalance of the ground source ,thermal measurements ,thermosiphon ,tracking lighting ,willow - Abstract
Summary: Thank you for reaching for this book. It is a summary of the research presented at the 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Sources (ICORES19), which took place in Krynica, Poland, in June 2019. This event is the most recognizable scientific meeting connected to RES in Poland. From the very beginning, this conference has been a unique occasion for gathering Polish and international researchers' perspectives on renewable energy sources and balancing them against governmental policy considerations. Accordingly, the conference has also offered panels to discuss best practices and solutions with local entrepreneurs and federal government bodies. The meeting attracts not only scientists but also industry representatives, as well as local and federal government personnel. We are open to new and fresh ideas concerning renewable energy, which is why so many scientists from Central and Eastern Europe visit Krynica to discuss the "Green Future" of this region. In 2019, the conference was organized by the University of Agriculture in Krakow, in cooperation with the AGH University of Science and Technology (Krakow), the State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya, the University of Žilina, the International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (CIGR) and the Polish Society of Agricultural Engineering. Honorary auspices were made by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland, the rector of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, the rector of the AGH University of Science and Technology and the rector of the State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya.
57. Kinetic analysis about the CO2 capture capacity of lime mud from paper mill in calcium looping process.
- Author
-
Sun, Rongyue, Xiao, Rui, and Ye, Jiangming
- Subjects
- *
PAPER mills , *MUD , *CALCIUM , *CARBON dioxide , *INDUSTRIAL wastes - Abstract
Lime mud, a kind of industrial waste that produced in paper mill, was proposed as CO2 sorbent in calcium looping process. The carbonation performance of the lime mud was investigated in a dual‐fixed bed reactor (DFR) and a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The carbonation kinetics of the lime mud in the chemical reaction controlled stage was analyzed by a surface reaction‐controlled kinetic model. The results show that the lime mud presents much poorer carbonation performance during the chemical reaction controlled stage compared with the limestone, mainly due to the high content of chlorine in the lime mud. A prewash treatment process was used to decrease the chlorine content to mitigate the sintering of the lime mud when calcined at high temperature. After prewash treatment, the prewashed lime mud shows much higher CO2 capture capacity during the chemical reaction controlled stage compared with the lime mud. A prolonged carbonation process successfully further enhances the microstructure and improves the carbonation performance of the prewashed lime mud in the chemical reaction controlled stage. The lime mud can be effectively used as CO2 sorbent in calcium looping process after prewash treatment and the following prolonged carbonation treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
58. Consequences of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone for foliar chemical composition and dynamics in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera).
- Author
-
Lindroth RL, Kopper BJ, Parsons WF, Bockheim JG, Karnosky DF, Hendrey GR, Pregitzer KS, Isebrands JG, and Sober J
- Subjects
- Betula chemistry, Betula physiology, Carbon metabolism, Ecosystem, Forestry, Nitrogen metabolism, Plant Leaves chemistry, Plant Leaves physiology, Salicaceae chemistry, Salicaceae physiology, Starch metabolism, Tannins metabolism, Trees chemistry, Trees drug effects, Trees physiology, United States, Betula drug effects, Carbon Dioxide pharmacology, Ozone pharmacology, Plant Leaves drug effects, Salicaceae drug effects
- Abstract
Atmospheric chemical composition affects foliar chemical composition, which in turn influences the dynamics of both herbivory and decomposition in ecosystems. We assessed the independent and interactive effects of CO2 and O3 fumigation on foliar chemistry of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) at a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility in northern Wisconsin. Leaf samples were collected at five time periods during a single growing season, and analyzed for nitrogen. starch and condensed tannin concentrations, nitrogen resorption efficiencies (NREs), and C:N ratios. Enriched CO2 reduced foliar nitrogen concentrations in aspen and birch; O3 only marginally reduced nitrogen concentrations. NREs were unaffected by pollution treatment in aspen, declined with 03 exposure in birch, and this decline was ameliorated by enriched CO2. C:N ratios of abscised leaves increased in response to enriched CO2 in both tree species. O3 did not significantly alter C:N ratios in aspen, although values tended to be higher in + CO2 + O3 leaves. For birch, O3 decreased C:N ratios under ambient CO2 and increased C:N ratios under elevated CO2. Thus, under the combined pollutants, the C:N ratios of both aspen and birch leaves were elevated above the averaged responses to the individual and independent trace gas treatments. Starch concentrations were largely unresponsive to CO2 and O3 treatments in aspen. but increased in response to elevated CO2 in birch. Levels of condensed tannins were negligibly affected by CO2 and O3 treatments in aspen, but increased in response to enriched CO2 in birch. Results from this work suggest that changes in foliar chemical composition elicited by enriched CO2 are likely to impact herbivory and decomposition, whereas the effects of O3 are likely to be minor, except in cases where they influence plant response to CO2.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
59. [On C. Kunkel's paper, An apparatus for pressure measurement during application of carbon dioxide snow].
- Author
-
GEIER F
- Subjects
- Humans, Carbon Dioxide, Dry Ice, Paper, Pressure
- Published
- 1955
60. TWO-DIMENSIONAL HIGH-VOLTAGE, LOW-TEMPERATURE PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS OF 14C-LABELED PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS WITH 14CO2.
- Author
-
ROHR W and BASSHAM JA
- Subjects
- Autoradiography, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Isotopes, Chromatography, Electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, Paper, Equipment and Supplies, Eukaryota, Glycerophosphates, Hexosephosphates, Pentosephosphates, Phosphates, Photosynthesis, Plants, Research, Temperature, Uracil Nucleotides
- Published
- 1964
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
61. Synthesis of radioactive glutamine from C14O2 in Swiss chard leaves and its isolation by paper chromatography.
- Author
-
BIDWELL RG, KROTKOV G, and REED GB
- Subjects
- Beta vulgaris, Carbon Dioxide metabolism, Chromatography, Chromatography, Paper, Glutamine, Plant Leaves, Vegetables
- Published
- 1954
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
62. [Paper chromatography of sodium salts of aminopolycarbonic acids].
- Author
-
Sýkora J and Eybl V
- Subjects
- Amines analysis, Sodium analysis, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Carbonates analysis, Chromatography, Paper
- Published
- 1968
63. [On the analysis of anticholinergics from the carbonic acid ester group. 7. Paper chromatography of propanthelin bromide, methanthelin bromide and their decomposition products as well as studies on the stability].
- Author
-
Krácmar J
- Subjects
- Bromides, Esters analysis, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Spectrophotometry, Temperature, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Chromatography, Paper, Drug Stability, Parasympatholytics analysis, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds analysis
- Published
- 1966
64. Paper Versus Polystyrene: Environmental Impact
- Author
-
Wells,, Henry A., McCubbin, Neil, Cavaney, Red, Camo, Bonnie, and Hocking, M. B.
- Published
- 1991
65. Carbon stock estimation in a Brazilian mangrove using optical satellite data.
- Author
-
Mariano Neto M, da Silva JB, and de Brito HC
- Subjects
- Brazil, Environmental Monitoring methods, Forests, Biomass, Carbon analysis, Carbon Dioxide
- Abstract
The research proposes a model to estimate the carbon stock in mangrove forests from multispectral images from Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2B satellites. The Gramame River mangrove, located on the southern coast of Paraíba State, Brazil, was adopted as the study area. Carbon stocks in biomass, below and above ground, were measured from a forest inventory, and vegetation indices were processed on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. To define the fit curves, linear and non-linear regressions were used. The choice of the model considered the highest coefficients of determination (R
2 ), the biomass and carbon stock were estimated from the equations. The biomass carbon stock, calculated from field data, corresponded to 22.27 Gg C, equivalent to 81.75 Gg CO2 , with 13.85 Gg C (50.84 Gg CO2 ) and 8.42 Gg C (30.91 Gg CO2 ) stored in biomass above and below ground, respectively. Among the models fitted to the indices calculated from Landsat 8 images, NDVI was the one that best explained the spatial distribution of biomass and carbon, with 90.26%. For Sentinel 2B, SAVI was able to explain 80.76%. The total estimated plant carbon stocks corresponded to 26.66 Gg (16.20 Gg C above and 10.36 Gg C below ground) for Landsat 8 and 27.76 Gg C (16.93 Gg C above and 10.83 Gg C below ground) for Sentinel 2B. The proposed work methodology and the suggested mathematical models can be replicated to analyze carbon stocks in other locations, especially in the Americas, because they share the same species., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
66. Time-varying impact of income and fossil fuel consumption on CO 2 emissions in India.
- Author
-
Ugur MS, Çatık AN, Sigeze C, and Balli E
- Subjects
- Coal, Natural Gas, Economic Development, India, Renewable Energy, Fossil Fuels, Carbon Dioxide analysis
- Abstract
This paper investigates the time-varying effects of fossil fuel consumption on CO2 emissions in India utilizing the time-varying cointegration test, allowing for multivariate long-run time-varying cointegration parameter developed by Bierens and Martins (2010) and the time-varying vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model developed by Primiceri (2005). The long-run time-varying coefficients reveal that GDP has a positive and increasing impact on CO2 emissions over time. Moreover, results confirm the polluting effects of all fossil fuels. Besides, the TVP-VAR model findings also demonstrate that changes in income and fossil fuel consumption have a positive and significant impact on environmental degradation. Coal is found to be the most polluting fuel, followed by oil consumption. Furthermore, the time-varying responses show that increased natural gas consumption has the least influence when compared to other fossil fuels on CO2 emissions., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
67. Exploring the impact of energy consumption on poverty in Pakistan: evidence from the asymmetric ARDL approach.
- Author
-
Saddique T, Saleem R, Ullah A, and Bukhari AAA
- Subjects
- Pakistan, Poverty, Renewable Energy, Economic Development, Carbon Dioxide analysis
- Abstract
This research work contributes to the literature by examining the role of energy consumption in mitigating poverty via decomposing energy consumption into its positive and negative components, covering the period spanning from 1985 to 2017. To accomplish this objective, this study employs the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach recently popularized by Shin et al., (2014). The NARDL approach is well-suited to our study becuase of its capability to delineate hidden asymmetries. The empirical findings reveal the prevalence of long-run associations among the studied variables. The outcomes show that an increase (decrease) in energy consumption combats (augments) poverty in Pakistan. The empirical findings underscore that the decreasing effect of energy consumption on poverty is found to be more promising than its increasing effect, both in the long and short run. Based on the empirical outcomes, we suggest that the policymakers, and other stakeholders should consider the asymmetric or nonlinear behavior of the studied variables for better poverty policy-making in Pakistan., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
68. Innovations effect on CO 2 emissions: asymmetric panel data approach.
- Author
-
Petrović P
- Subjects
- Carbon Dioxide analysis, Economic Development
- Abstract
The objective of this study is to uncover the nature and strength of the effect that innovations have on CO
2 emissions. The main motivation of this research is to offer reliable and credible findings by eliminating some methodical and conceptual shortcomings of the existing papers. The scope of the analysis is examining the innovations-CO2 emissions relationship in a sample of 43 countries in the period from 1991 to 2018. The research is based on the application of hidden panel cointegration theory and the concept of a partially asymmetric cointegration equation. The main findings of the study demonstrate that when innovations grow by 1%, the pattern of their change leads to an increase in CO2 emissions by an average of 0.006%. At the same time, when innovations decline by 1%, their change leads to a reduction in CO2 emissions by an average of 0.001%. Strictly speaking, in the phase of innovations growth, they have environmentally hostile average influence, while in the phase of innovations reduction, their impact is on average environmentally friendly. The average effect of innovations is very asymmetric, because negative environmental impact is about six times stronger than the positive one. Analysis by countries demonstrates that innovations influence varies significantly from country to country. The impact is environmentally friendly in only 32.6% of countries, regardless of whether innovations increase or decrease. In the remaining cases, the influence on the environment is hostile either when innovations grow, when they decline, or in both situations. The main conclusion of this study is that nature of the impact of innovations on CO2 emissions is quite unfavorable, which points to the need for much greater support for green innovations., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
69. Financial fragility, human resource management, and transition to renewable energy in Asian economies: a comparative analysis.
- Author
-
Yi Q
- Subjects
- Humans, Asia, Asia, Eastern, Asia, Southern, Workforce, Economic Development, Renewable Energy, Carbon Dioxide
- Abstract
The main hurdle in deploying renewable energy projects is the high initial cost, making it difficult for businesses and individuals to afford it. The fragility of the financial sector and human resource management further slows the pace of renewable energy demand. Therefore, we aim to investigate the impact of financial fragility and human resource management on renewable energy consumption over time horizon 1997-2020. To that end, the analysis employed the ARDL-PMG model. For Asia as a whole and all other sub-regions, including South East Asia, East Asia, South Asia, and Western Asia, the estimates for bank non-performing loans are notably negative. In general, these findings imply that a rise in financial fragility significantly reduces renewable energy consumption in the long run. In the short run, the estimates attached to both bank non-performing loans and bank costs are negatively significant in Asia and sub-regions of Western Asia only. The results for the human resources show that it exerts a significant and positive influence on renewable energy demand in Asia as a whole, South Asia, East Asia, and Western Asia. The estimates attached to human resources are statistically insignificant in all models in the short run. In the end, some important public strategies and their implementations have been discussed., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
70. Impact of renewable energy investments in curbing sectoral CO 2 emissions: evidence from China by nonlinear quantile approaches.
- Author
-
Kartal MT, Erdogan S, Alola AA, and Pata UK
- Subjects
- Renewable Energy, China, Investments, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Economic Development
- Abstract
The study analyzes the impact of renewable energy investments (RENIV) on the environment in China. In doing so, the study uses sectoral carbon dioxide (CO
2 ) emissions as the environment indicator, considers RENIV as the explanatory variable, includes monthly data from 2004/1 to 2020/6, runs quantile on quantile regression approach as the fundamental model, and further performs quantile regression for the controlling. The study reveals that RENIV curb CO2 emissions in all sectors at higher levels of sectoral CO2 emissions. Also, RENIV have a varying impact based on quantiles and sectors. Moreover, the results are robust based on the alternative approach. Thus, RENIV have a significantly decreasing impact on sectoral CO2 emissions in China. Accordingly, China policymakers should continue to focus on providing a decrease in energy and industrial sector CO2 emissions as the highest emitting sectors., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
71. Fostering sustainability: unveiling the impact of Internet development on carbon emissions in China.
- Author
-
Pan M, Sun M, Wang L, and Tai L
- Subjects
- Economic Development, Environmental Pollution, China, Carbon analysis, Carbon Dioxide analysis
- Abstract
The rapid development of the Internet has significantly impacted various socio-economic activities. Using Chinese Industrial Enterprise database and Industrial Enterprise Pollution database, this research examines the impact and mechanisms of Internet development on CO
2 emissions. The key findings are as follows: (1) Internet development has substantially reduced the CO2 intensity of enterprises, and this conclusion remains robust even after performing a series of robustness analyses. (2) The major mechanisms responsible for the reduction in CO2 emissions are productivity improvement, technological innovation, and energy structure adjustment. (3) The analysis of heterogeneity reveals that the effect of Internet development on CO2 reduction is more pronounced in coastal areas, areas with a high share of secondary industry, low-carbon industries, clean industries, small-scale enterprises, and export enterprises. This study provides empirical evidence supporting China's "Internet+" strategy and its progress towards achieving the "Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals.", (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
72. Energy consumption and innovation-environmental degradation nexus in BRICS countries: new evidence from NARDL approach using carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions.
- Author
-
Li B, Rahman SU, Afshan S, Amin A, and Younas S
- Subjects
- Humans, Economic Development, Investments, China, Renewable Energy, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Nitrous Oxide
- Abstract
The BRICS nations-Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa-have grown significantly in importance over the past few decades, playing a vital role in the development and growth of the global economy. This expansion has not been without cost, either, since these countries' concern over environmental deterioration has risen sharply. Both researchers and decision-makers have focused a lot of attention on the connection between economic growth and ecological sustainability. By using nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach, the complex relationships were analyzed between important economic indicators-such as gross domestic product (GDP), ecological innovations (EI), energy consumption (ENC), institutional performance (IP), and trade openness (TOP)-and their effect on carbon emissions and nitrous oxide emissions in the BRICS countries from 1990 to 2021, this study seeks to contribute to this important dialog. Principal component analysis is formed for technological innovations and institutional performance using six (ICT service exports as a percentage of service exports, computer communications as a percentage of commercial service exports, fixed telephone subscriptions per 100 people, internet users as a percentage of the population, number of patent applications, and R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP) and twelve (government stability, investment profile, socioeconomic conditions, internal conflict, external conflict, military in politics, control of corruption, religious tensions, ethnic tensions, law and order, bureaucracy quality, and democratic accountability) distinct indicators, respectively. The results of nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag estimation show that increase in economic growth would increase carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions. The positive and negative shocks in trade openness have positive and significant impact on carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions in BRICS countries. Furthermore, the positive shock energy consumptions have positive and significant effect on Brazil and India when carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions are used. However, EKC exists in BRICS countries when carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions are used. According to long-term estimation, energy consumption and technological innovations in the BRICS countries show a strong and adverse link with nitrous oxide and a favorable relationship with carbon dioxide emissions. In the long run, environmental indicators are seen to have a major and unfavorable impact in BRICS nations. Finally, it is proposed that BRICS nations can assure environmental sustainability if they support creative activities, enhance their institutions, and support free trade policies., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
73. Investigating the EKC hypothesis with disaggregated energy use and multi-sector production.
- Author
-
Omri A, Dhahri S, and Afi H
- Subjects
- Industry, Middle East, Renewable Energy, Carbon, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Economic Development
- Abstract
The Middle East and North African (MENA) economies experienced substantial economic fluctuations due to variations in carbon emissions and energy use. For this purpose, the present study examines the factors influencing carbon emissions in MENA economies, particularly economic growth and energy use. To this end, this study disaggregates economic growth into three sectors (agriculture, industry, and services) and energy use into renewable and non-renewable, and examines their environmental impacts by including the roles of urbanization and trade openness in the environment Kuznets curve (EKC) framework. This study uses panel data from 16 MENA countries over the period 1990-2018 to estimate the short-run and long-run coefficients and the Granger causality between the variables. The empirical results using the Mean Augmented Group (AMG) and the Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCE-MG) revealed that (i) the signs of GDP per capita and its squared scores validate the EKC hypothesis only at the aggregate level; (ii) the coefficients of sectoral GDP show that the industry and services sectors have the highest contributions to carbon emissions in the MENA region; (iii) non-renewable energy increases emissions, whereas renewable energy lessens them. The outcomes of the Granger causality confirm (i) a bidirectional relationship between emissions and per capita GDP as well as sectoral GDP, between CO
2 emissions and renewable energy, and between per capita GDP and renewable and non-renewable energy however; (ii) a unidirectional causal impact running from non-renewable energy to CO2 emissions is found in the short term. The study calls for effective policies to focus on curbing emissions in secondary and tertiary economic sectors by growing the part of renewable energy in the total energy mix., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
74. On the link between shadow economy and carbon dioxide emissions: an analysis of homogeneous groups of countries.
- Author
-
Silva N, Fuinhas JA, and Shirazi M
- Subjects
- Fossil Fuels, Urbanization, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Economic Development
- Abstract
In the framework of an environmental Kuznets curve, the linkage between shadow economy and carbon dioxide (CO
2 ) emissions was evaluated for 145 countries from 1991 to 2017. In assessing the effect of the shadow economy on CO2 emissions, we used panel quantile regression, panel fixed effects, and panel smooth transition regression as estimation methods. In addition, to deal with parameter heterogeneity, we resorted to the procedure of Lin and Ng (2012). We found two country groups that share homogeneous parameters. No environmental Kuznets curve was found for the set of all countries. Nevertheless, one was found for each of the homogeneous parameter country groups. This result supports different turning points for different groups of countries. Shadow economy contributed to reducing CO2 emissions in group 1 and aggravated it in group 2. Manufacturing was revealed to be statistically significant for the countries of group 1. Fossil fuel rents increased the CO2 emissions, mainly in group 2. Urbanization contributed to the hike of CO2 emissions in both country groups but much more intensely for group 1. Evidence of a tendency for decreasing CO2 emissions was also found, reflecting the efficiency gains over time., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
75. Exploring the dynamic effect of economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in Africa: evidence from panel PMG estimator.
- Author
-
Espoir DK, Sunge R, and Bannor F
- Subjects
- Africa, Renewable Energy, Environmental Pollution, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Economic Development
- Abstract
The relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution continues to attract significant research interest for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers all over the globe. Theoretically, the environmental benefit of economic growth should be greater than its negative externality with higher level of development. However, from the African perspective, countries with higher economic performances often face several environmental challenges, which raises the doubt whether economic growth helps or constrains environmental quality improvement. Under the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, this study re-examined the effect of economic growth on CO2 emissions conditional on the dynamics of urbanization, renewable energy, and good governance across 47 African countries using panel data from 1996 to 2019. We employ panel cointegration tests to establish whether there is a long-run equilibrium relationship among our variables. We also apply pooled mean group ARDL (PMG-ARDL) techniques and the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test to determine the long- and short-run effects of economic growth, urbanization, renewable energy consumption, and good governance on CO2 emissions. The results from the PMG estimator validate the EKC hypothesis since a 1% surge in GDP per capita increases emissions by 0.61% in the long run, while a 1% increase in its square decreases emissions by 0.03%. In the short-run, economic growth does not exercise any significant effect on emissions. Furthermore, results indicate a significantly negative and positive long-run effect of renewable energy and governance, respectively. Finally, our causality test shows bidirectional relationship between CO2 emissions and all the explanatory variables. Henceforth, we provided policy implications based on the study's results., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
76. Political competition and environment quality: a study of India.
- Author
-
Neog Y, Singh MK, Yadava AK, and Gaur AK
- Subjects
- Fossil Fuels, Renewable Energy, India, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Economic Development
- Abstract
The focus of sustainable development goals (SDGs) is to promote the use of renewable energy so that countries can achieve better environmental quality. However, the progression is plodding, and still, 80% of energy comes mainly from conventional sources in developing countries. The implementation of procedures depends on the political attitudes, political stability, and quality of institutions. India has a diverse political structure ranging from central government to state government to local governments. In the late '80 s, India witnessed a stiff rise in regional and national political parties, which leads more political competition. This paper tries to explain the possible relationship between political competition and CO
2 emission in India. With the application of the time series non-linear ARDL (NARDL) model, this study tries to find the asymmetric relationship between political competition and CO2 emission. In our empirical model, we also include other important elements of environmental quality like innovation and fossil fuel consumption. Empirical results show that political competition is asymmetrically related to CO2 emissions in the long run. Fossil fuel consumption and innovation also have a significant relationship with emissions. Based on the results, a few policy recommendations have been discussed., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
77. Ending extreme poverty has a negligible impact on global greenhouse gas emissions.
- Author
-
Wollburg P, Hallegatte S, and Mahler DG
- Subjects
- Income, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Economic Development statistics & numerical data, Economic Development trends, Global Warming prevention & control, Global Warming statistics & numerical data, Greenhouse Gases analysis, Poverty prevention & control, Poverty statistics & numerical data, Environmental Policy legislation & jurisprudence, Environmental Policy trends
- Abstract
Growing consumption is both necessary to end extreme poverty
1 and one of the main drivers of greenhouse gas emissions2 , creating a potential tension between alleviating poverty and limiting global warming. Most poverty reduction has historically occurred because of economic growth3-6 , which means that reducing poverty entails increasing not only the consumption of people living in poverty but also the consumption of people with a higher income. Here we estimate the emissions associated with the economic growth needed to alleviate extreme poverty using the international poverty line of US $2.15 per day (ref.7 ). Even with historical energy- and carbon-intensity patterns, the global emissions increase associated with alleviating extreme poverty is modest, at 2.37 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per year or 4.9% of 2019 global emissions. Lower inequality, higher energy efficiency and decarbonization of energy can ease this tension further: assuming the best historical performance, the emissions for poverty alleviation in 2050 will be reduced by 90%. More ambitious poverty lines require more economic growth in more countries, which leads to notably higher emissions. The challenge to align the development and climate objectives of the world is not in reconciling extreme poverty alleviation with climate objectives but in providing sustainable middle-income standards of living., (© 2023. The World Bank.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
78. Environmental impact of foreign direct investment in Turkey: does the quality of institutions matter? Evidence from time series analysis using the Fourier extension.
- Author
-
Mukiyen Avcı G
- Subjects
- Turkey, Time Factors, Economic Development, Internationality, Environmental Pollution analysis, Environment, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Investments
- Abstract
Since the 1980s, Turkey has experienced a significant increase in both foreign direct investment (FDI) and its ecological footprint (EFP). While FDI is widely acknowledged as a pivotal driver of economic growth, its impact on environmental degradation is multifaceted and debated. Moreover, a country's institutional framework plays a key role in shaping this relationship. Yet, the influence of institutional structures on the FDI-environment nexus is often neglected in current literature. In this study, we investigate the environmental implications of FDI in Turkey from 1984 to 2018, employing time series analysis with a Fourier extension and accounting for institutional quality. Fourier function models give more effective results in modeling structural breaks. We first use Fourier techniques to assess the unit root and cointegration relationship. Upon establishing cointegration, we employ the DOLS estimator, extended with Fourier terms, to determine the long-term coefficients. We then assess the causal relationship between the variables using the Fourier causality test. Our findings indicate that while FDI exacerbates environmental degradation (supporting the pollution haven hypothesis), the interaction term of FDI-institutional quality mitigates this degradation (supporting the pollution halo hypothesis). Given these empirical findings, this study suggests that strengthening Turkey's institutional quality has the potential to amplify the environmental advantages of FDI, alongside its economic benefits., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
79. Analyzing the non-linear association between urbanization and ecological footprint: an empirical analysis.
- Author
-
Arif M, Gill AR, and Ali M
- Subjects
- Economic Development, Renewable Energy, Industry, Urbanization, Carbon Dioxide
- Abstract
Due to urbanization's substantial impact on economic development and environmental quality, particularly in emerging nations, the subject has attracted major attention in recent years. Urbanization increases infrastructure, transportation, and high energy consumption demand, leading to increased environmental degradation. Therefore, this study examines how urbanization has affected environmental degradation in Pakistan using yearly data from 1970 to 2020. A non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model is applied to study the asymmetric impact of urbanization on ecological footprint per capita. The results show that urbanization is asymmetrically associated with environmental degradation. Positive changes in urbanization led to increased environmental degradation, while negative changes in urbanization led to a decline in environmental degradation in Pakistan. Foreign direct investment and industrial production are positive and significant factors of environmental degradation, while trade openness and money supply are negatively linked with environmental degradation in Pakistan. Economic growth shows a positive link, while economic growth square shows a negative link with environmental degradation. These findings also confirm the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Pakistan. It is suggested that the urbanization threshold should be analyzed to determine where environmental degradation tends to decline, and less polluting technology and renewable energy resources should be encouraged to reduce environmental degradation in Pakistan., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
80. Institutional quality, oil price, and environmental degradation in MENA countries moderated by economic complexity and shadow economy.
- Author
-
Cuesta L, Alvarado R, Ahmad M, Murshed M, Rehman A, and Işık C
- Subjects
- Africa, Northern, Middle East, Economic Development, Carbon Dioxide analysis
- Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the link between environmental degradation and institutional quality and the price of oil moderated by economic complexity and the underground economy. We use quantile regressions with annual panel data for 15 countries in the Middle East and North Africa during 1995-2021. The findings indicate that institutional quality, economic complexity, and output positively and heterogeneously impact environmental degradation. However, the square of production has a negative impact, confirming an inverted U relationship between production and environmental degradation. Likewise, we find that the price of oil and the underground economy have a negative and heterogeneous impact on environmental degradation. Based on our results, a potential recommendation for policymakers is that the institutional framework of Middle Eastern and North African countries should be accompanied by a more significant concern for the environment instead of prioritizing extractive growth that is detrimental to the environment's environmental sustainability. Likewise, economic diversification will mitigate environmental degradation and improve formal employment. Our findings are relevant to policymakers and researchers interested in promoting ecological sustainability., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
81. The validity of Okun's Law in the case of Central Asia: The role of weather and energy factors.
- Author
-
Apergis N and Kuziboev B
- Subjects
- Asia, Weather, Temperature, Renewable Energy, Economic Development, Carbon Dioxide analysis
- Abstract
This study investigates a modified version of the Okun's Law that incorporates energy consumption and temperature for five Central Asian countries, while it employs the ARDL methodology, spanning the period 1995-2018. While the original Okun's Law is not supported, the analysis does find support for the modified Law, suggesting the importance of regional specific factors. The results document the presence of a negative association between unemployment and real GNP both in the short and in the long run. The impact of energy consumption on unemployment is positive in the long run, while the temperature impacts unemployment both in the short and in the long run., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
82. The transition to renewable energy is inevitable as geopolitical risks drag on: a closer empirical look at MENAT oil importers.
- Author
-
Matallah S, Matallah A, and Hilmi N
- Subjects
- Renewable Energy, Turkey, Egypt, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Economic Development
- Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of geopolitical risks on renewable energy generation in MENAT oil-importing countries, namely, Egypt, Tunisia, and Turkey over the period 1990-2020 using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The main findings emphasize that geopolitical risks play a crucial role in inducing renewable energy development in MENAT oil-importing countries in the short and long run. Financial development appears to positively and significantly affect renewable energy generation in the three countries. Furthermore, the speeds of adjustment towards the long-run equilibrium are 36.78%, 66.03%, and 17.81% annually in Egypt, Tunisia, and Turkey, respectively. In today's volatile and turbulent world, dramatically rising geopolitical risks make the transition to renewable energy an inevitable reality. Consequently, it is incumbent upon policymakers and relevant authorities in MENAT oil-importing countries to preemptively redirect their efforts and strategies to conform to the demands of the inevitable transition to renewable energy sources and boost energy self-reliance., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
83. Does Economic Policy Uncertainty Cause Environmental Pollution? Fresh Evidence From Developed Countries.
- Author
-
Arvas MA, Demirtas C, Yildirim ES, and Ilikkan Ozgur M
- Subjects
- Developed Countries, Uncertainty, Ecosystem, Environmental Pollution analysis, Renewable Energy, Economic Development, Carbon Dioxide analysis
- Abstract
The industrial revolution has dramatically altered the environment and ecosystem. So many scholars have empirically attempted to reveal the most influential anthropogenic factors on environmental degradation. For this purpose, this study examines the leading determinants of CO
2 emissions in the context of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) for 14 developed countries within the framework of the extended stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence and technology (STIRPAT) environmental model from 1997-2018. For empirical modeling, CO2 emission is treated as the dependent variable, which is a strong proxy for environmental degradation. In addition to the GDP per capita, population density, and energy intensity (a proxy for technology), the basic model is extended to include variables such as EPU, renewable energy, trade openness, globalization, and information and communications technology (ICT) index. While the estimation results by the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) estimator, which are also supported by robustness analysis, suggest that GDP per capita and energy intensity are the main contributors to emission levels, population density has no significant impact on CO2 . Furthermore, while renewable energy (in model 2), trade openness (in model 4), and globalization (in model 6) have negative impacts on CO2 emission, technology (in models 5 and 6) and EPU (in model 6) make marginal contributions to CO2 ., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
84. Review paper: Performance of rice husk ash as a material for partial cement replacement in concrete
- Author
-
Sharifah Maszura Syed Mohsin, Nur Farhayu Ariffin, Zaidatul Syahida Adnan, and Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Pollution ,Cement ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Critical limit ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Husk ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Flexural strength ,Construction industry ,chemistry ,0103 physical sciences ,Carbon dioxide ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Environmental science ,0210 nano-technology ,media_common - Abstract
The construction industry had approached a critical limit which led to the increase of cement production. The production of cement would cause a broader environmental implication. Cement production is a major source of carbon dioxide emission. Carbon dioxide gas contributes about 63.33% of global warming since the production of one ton of cement would emit about one ton of carbon dioxide to the environment. To mitigate this issue, the research community has investigated the use of waste materials that possess similar chemical properties with cement content as a material for partial cement replacement. The use of rice husk ash has shown to be a contending candidate in the literature. Therefore, this paper attempts at reviewing the performance of rice husk ash as partial cement replacement. It could be observed from the literature that concrete with 5% up to 15% of rice husk ash showed an equivalent performance to ordinary concrete in compressive, flexural, and tensile strength. Thus, rice husk ash can be used as a material replacement in concrete and reduces pollution that originates from cement production and open burning of rice husk.
- Published
- 2022
85. Opportunities to improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the US pulp and paper industry
- Author
-
Price, L
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
86. Highly efficient zinc electrode prepared by electro-deposition in a salt-induced pre-phase separation region solution.
- Author
-
Yin, Yaoyu, Peng, Yaguang, Zhou, Meng, Zhang, Pei, Cheng, Yingying, Chen, Peng, Xing, Xueqing, Ma, Xiaoxue, Zhu, Qinggong, Sun, Xiaofu, Qian, Qingli, Kang, Xinchen, and Han, Buxing
- Subjects
- *
ZINC electrodes , *CARBON paper , *ELECTROLYTIC reduction , *CARBON dioxide , *TRANSITION metals , *TERNARY system - Abstract
Zinc nanoparticles were electro-deposited along the fibres of carbon paper (CP) substrate uniformly in a salt-induced pre-phase separation region solution. The as-prepared Zn/CP electrode was used for electro-reduction of CO 2 and exhibited a Faradaic efficiency towards CO of 97.6% with a current density of 340 mA cm−2 in an H-type cell, which is the best result to date. [Display omitted] Efficient electrode design is crucial for the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to produce valuable chemicals. The solution used for the preparation of electrodes can affect their overall properties, which in turn determine the reaction efficiency. In this work, we report that transition metal salts could induce the change of two-phase ionic liquid/ethanol mixture into miscible one phase. Pre-phase separation region near the phase boundary of the ternary system was observed. Zinc nanoparticles were electro-deposited along the fibres of carbon paper (CP) substrate uniformly in the salt-induced pre-phase separation region solution. The as-prepared Zn(1)/CP electrode exhibits super-wettability to the electrolyte, rendering very high catalytic performance for CO 2 electro-reduction, and the Faradaic efficiency towards CO is 97.6% with a current density of 340 mA cm −2, which is the best result to date in an H-type cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
87. On the ethics of removing Entonox® from labour ward: beyond carbon dioxide equivalents and seeking justice for patients and the planet.
- Author
-
Hudson S, Muspratt-Tucker N, and Kudsk-Iversen S
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Carbon Dioxide
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
88. Estimates of late Early Cretaceous atmospheric CO 2 from Mongolia based on stomatal and isotopic analysis of Pseudotorellia.
- Author
-
Zhang X, Royer DL, Shi G, Ichinnorov N, Herendeen PS, Crane PR, and Herrera F
- Subjects
- Mongolia, Carbon Isotopes analysis, Fossils, Oxygen Isotopes analysis, Plant Leaves chemistry, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Plant Stomata physiology, Atmosphere chemistry
- Abstract
Premise: The Aptian-Albian (121.4-100.5 Ma) was a greenhouse period with global temperatures estimated as 10-15°C warmer than pre-industrial conditions, so it is surprising that the most reliable CO
2 estimates from this time are <1400 ppm. This low CO2 during a warm period implies a very high Earth-system sensitivity in the range of 6 to 9°C per CO2 doubling between the Aptian-Albian and today., Methods: We applied a well-vetted paleo-CO2 proxy based on leaf gas-exchange principles (Franks model) to two Pseudotorellia species from three stratigraphically similar samples at the Tevshiin Govi lignite mine in central Mongolia (~119.7-100.5 Ma)., Results: Our median estimated CO2 concentration from the three respective samples was 2132, 2405, and 2770 ppm. The primary reason for the high estimated CO2 but with relatively large uncertainties is the very low stomatal density in both species, where small variations propagate to large changes in estimated CO2 . Indeed, we found that at least 15 leaves are required before the aggregate estimated CO2 approaches that of the full data set., Conclusions: Our three CO2 estimates all exceeded 2000 ppm, translating to an Earth-system sensitivity (~3-5°C/CO2 doubling) that is more in keeping with the current understanding of the long-term climate system. Because of our large sample size, the directly measured inputs did not contribute much to the overall uncertainty in estimated CO2 ; instead, the inferred inputs were responsible for most of the overall uncertainty and thus should be scrutinized for their value choices., (© 2024 Botanical Society of America.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
89. Exploring the mediating role of financial inclusion in the relationship between economic policy uncertainty and CO2 emissions: A global perspective.
- Author
-
Arshad A, Gulzar O, Shahid OB, and Nawaz F
- Subjects
- Uncertainty, Environmental Policy, Developing Countries, Carbon Dioxide analysis
- Abstract
This study examines the connection between economic policy uncertainty (EPU), CO2 emissions, and financial inclusion in developed and developing countries. Using the data from 2004 to 2021, advanced statistical techniques are employed, including Sobel test, to explore the mediating effect of financial inclusion on the relationship between economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and CO2 emissions. There is a dearth of research examining these three variables together in a single study. Similarly, using financial inclusion as a mediator in the relation of EPU and CO2 emissions is a novel concept. This article employs a multi-indicator approach to measure key variables like CO2 emissions and financial inclusion. The results indicate that uncertainties in economic policies contribute in practices that lead to higher CO2 emissions in overall panel data of 44 countries. In addition, when considering the relationship between EPU and FI, the results indicate a significant and negative relationship between EPU and FI. If there is uncertainty in economic policies, it may lead toward challenges and hurdles in financial inclusion. When the mediating affect was checked, it was found financial inclusion acts as a significant mediator in the relationship between EPU and CO2 emissions, depicting that financial inclusion fosters the environmental quality and mitigates the potential harmful effects of environmental aspects of economic policy uncertainty. Therefore, policies that promote financial inclusion should be given top priority by governments, particularly in emerging nations. Financial literacy and bank service accessibility should be promoted. These measures would lessen the impact of staggering economic policies on CO2 emissions. It is necessary for policymakers to include environmental factors, specifically those relating to carbon emissions, into economic strategies. This requires encouraging industries to adopt eco-friendly practices and coordinating economic strategies with sustainability objectives., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
90. How do carbon emissions and eco taxation affect the equity market performance: an empirical evidence from 28 OECD economies.
- Author
-
Akbar US, Bhutto NA, and Rajput SKO
- Subjects
- Economic Development, Carbon analysis, Taxes, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Carbon Dioxide analysis
- Abstract
This study examines the nexus between "stock returns," carbon emissions, and "environmental tax" in 28 OECD countries for the period 1994 to 2014. To this end, we employ second-generation econometric techniques that are robust to macroeconomic and financial datasets to eliminate the issues associated with heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. The "common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG)" and "augmented mean group (AMG)" estimators are a pioneering attempt to explore the association between the cross sections. These approaches take into account the complexities of real-world data and provide a more accurate understanding of the relationship between the variables. Several studies explored the relationship between CO
2 emissions and economic growth. However, the literature lacks studies examining the impact of "environmental tax" implementation on "stock returns," which is a central policy instrument to curb emissions. The results demonstrate a significant and negative relationship between CO2 emissions and "stock market index returns" and a positive and significant relationship between "environmental tax" and "stock market index returns." Furthermore, both these relationships prevail in the world's biggest financial markets and second largest CO2 emitters, the USA. The empirical findings offer various useful implications for investors, policymakers, brokers, corporations, governmental pollution abatement institutions, and other stakeholders who wish to obtain a carbon risk premium., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
91. [Comments on the paper by R. Fretschner et al. Capnometry in pediatric anesthesia].
- Author
-
Link J and Schaffartzik W
- Subjects
- Humans, Infant, Newborn, Anesthesia, Carbon Dioxide blood, Pediatrics
- Published
- 1993
92. Accelerated carbonation of alkaline construction sludge by paper sludge ash-based stabilizer and carbon dioxide
- Author
-
Takanari Ogasawara, Kimitoshi Hayano, Nguyen Duc Trung, and Hiromoto Yamauchi
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Absorption of water ,Chemistry ,Ph neutralization ,Degree of saturation ,Carbonation ,Carbon dioxide ,Particle diameter ,Alkalinity ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,Stabilizer (chemistry) - Abstract
Construction sludge frequently has high alkalinity after its generation or during the intermediate treatment process. The aim of this study is to experimentally investigate the potential of combining accelerated carbonation and a paper sludge ash-based stabilizer (PSAS) to neutralize the alkalinity of construction sludge in a short period and to improve its strength for use as a recycled material. The experimental results indicate that the addition of a PSAS significantly granulated the alkaline sludge, and once granulated, the PSAS successfully accelerated the pH neutralization of the alkaline sludge. It was also found that the decrease in dry density ρd and the degree of saturation Sr of the PSAS-treated sludge was able to reduce the period required for the pH neutralization, tN. The decrease in ρd is thought to allow fresh CO2 gas to penetrate the specimen more easily. However, if Sr is below a certain limit, it does not strongly facilitate the reduction of tN. This implies that pH neutralization cannot be accelerated when the amount of water in the sludge is below a certain level. Moreover, it was found that mean particle diameter D50 also affected tN. The strength development of the PSAS-treated sludge was evaluated using a series of cone index tests. It was found that the strength of the alkaline sludge without the PSAS was significantly decreased by accelerated carbonation, but was significantly increased even after accelerated carbonation when the PSAS was present. Due to the porosities of the remaining PS ash particles, most of the contribution of the water absorption and retention performance of the PSAS to the strength development of the PSAS-treated sludge was secured after accelerated carbonation. In addition, the granulated particles of the PSAS-treated sludge retained their granular shape to some extent. Therefore, it is presumed that the friction and interlocking of the particles did not decrease significantly. It was also found that, after carbonation, the qc of the PSAS-treated sludge increased more rapidly than that of the alkaline sludge without the PSAS. A further detailed examination of the test results showed that under air-curing conditions, the qc of the treated sludge with accelerated carbonation increased relatively gradually compared to that of the treated sludge without accelerated carbonation.
- Published
- 2021
93. SD-HOC: Seasonal Decomposition Algorithm for Mining Lagged Time Series
- Author
-
Arief-Ang, Irvan B., Salim, Flora D., Hamilton, Margaret, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Series Editor, Chen, Phoebe, Series Editor, Filipe, Joaquim, Series Editor, Kotenko, Igor, Series Editor, Sivalingam, Krishna M., Series Editor, Washio, Takashi, Series Editor, Yuan, Junsong, Series Editor, Zhou, Lizhu, Series Editor, Boo, Yee Ling, editor, Stirling, David, editor, Chi, Lianhua, editor, Liu, Lin, editor, Ong, Kok-Leong, editor, and Williams, Graham, editor
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
94. Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emission from the dairy production system - review.
- Author
-
Singaravadivelan A, Sachin PB, Harikumar S, Vijayakumar P, Vindhya MV, Farhana FMB, Rameesa KK, and Mathew J
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Agriculture, Farms, Livestock, Life Cycle Stages, Carbon Dioxide, Greenhouse Gases
- Abstract
Climate change is altering ecological systems and poses a serious threat to human life. Climate change also seriously influences on livestock production by interfering with growth, reproduction, and production. Livestock, on the other hand, is blamed for being a significant contributor to climate change, emitting 8.1 gigatonnes of CO2-eq per year and accounting for two-thirds of global ammonia emissions. Methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) are three major greenhouse gases (GHG) that are primarily produced by enteric fermentation, feed production, diet management, and total product output. Ruminants account for three-quarters of total CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions from the livestock sector. The global dairy sector alone emits 4.0% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Hence, dairy farming needs to engage in environmental impact assessment. Public concern for a sustainable and environmentally friendly farming system is growing, resulting in the significant importance of food-based life cycle assessment (LCA). Over the last decade, LCA has been used in agriculture to assess total GHG emissions associated with products such as milk and manure. It includes the production of farm inputs, farm emissions, milk processing, transportation, consumer use, and waste. LCA studies on milk production would assist us in identifying the specific production processes/areas that contribute to excessive greenhouse gas emissions when producing milk and recommending appropriate mitigation strategies to be implemented for a clean, green, and resilient environment., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
95. Russia-Ukraine war impacts on climate initiatives and sustainable development objectives in top European gas importers.
- Author
-
Ali M, Seraj M, Alper E, Tursoy T, and Uktamov KF
- Subjects
- Ukraine, Economic Development, Russia, Coal, Renewable Energy, Sustainable Development, Carbon Dioxide analysis
- Abstract
Russia holds the position of being the third largest global producer of oil and plays a significant role in the supply of oil and gas to Europe. The ongoing war conflict has the potential to impede the bilateral and multilateral relations between Russia and Europe. The ramifications of this event will have notable reverberations for environmental endeavors in Europe. The aforementioned premise forms the basis of our investigation, wherein we scrutinize the correlation among oil price, coal price, gas price, economic growth, and coal consumption, while taking into account the ramifications of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. We adopted fully "modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and canonical cointegration regression (CCR)" econometric techniques to gauge the nexus between factors of interest in the top 4 European Russian gas importer economies (Poland, Netherland, Hungry, and Germany). The empirical outcomes reveal substantial negative impact of economic growth and coal price elasticity on the coal consumption. On the contrary, oil and gas price elasticities depict significant positive influence on the coal consumption. Hence, this study concludes that a rise in oil and gas prices leads to an increase in coal consumption, which in turn negatively impacts environmental quality. Furthermore, the occurrence of war has the potential to impede the utilization of coal resources in Netherlands and Hungary. On the other hand, the impact of war is noteworthy and constructive in Poland and Germany. Thus, war results ecological imbalance in Poland and Germany in particular. Governments, decision-makers, stakeholders, and environmentalists must develop a long-term plan that calls for a paradigm shift away from gas, oil, and coal usage and toward more environmentally benign renewable energy sources., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
96. Carbon dioxide emissions and the Environmental Kuznets Curve: evidence from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
- Author
-
Ponce BJH and Manlangit AT
- Subjects
- Economic Development, Fossil Fuels, Income, Renewable Energy, Asia, Southeastern, Carbon Dioxide analysis
- Abstract
We examined the relationship of carbon dioxide (CO
2 ) emissions with real per capita GDP and energy consumption in the ASEAN region using panel data from 1960 to 2021. We employed various panel unit root tests (IPS, Fisher-ADF, Fisher-PP) and panel cointegration tests (Kao and Pedroni). We find robust empirical evidence supporting the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, suggesting the existence of a per capita income turning point (approximately USD 4,808.85) where CO2 emissions and real income begin to decouple. This suggests the presence of an environmentally sustainable economic growth path beyond this threshold. The study highlights the importance of a reduction of fossil fuel use and the adoption of coordinated strategic plans among ASEAN member states to reduce carbon dioxide emissions., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
97. Revisiting the relationship between business conditions, climate policy uncertainty, and environmental pollution: evidence from the USA.
- Author
-
Yousfi M, Brahim M, Farhani S, and Bouzgarrou H
- Subjects
- Humans, Uncertainty, Environmental Pollution analysis, Economic Development, Policy, Carbon Dioxide analysis, COVID-19
- Abstract
This paper aims to revisit the interdependency between business conditions, climate policy change, and the environmental pollution of the USA. Interestingly, our paper represents a completion to the existing literature on three levels at least. First, we propose to analyze this issue during normal periods and periods of turmoil, particularly the COVID-19 outbreak. To do so, contrary to previous studies that used economic growth, we employ the ADS index as a real-time business conditions measurement. Second, we employ a frequency approach, based on the continuous wavelet transform, allowing us to understand the nature of the relationship. Understanding whether the relationship holds in the short- or long-term is useful for policymakers in monitoring public policies to achieve CO
2 emission reduction as well as to investors interested in high value-added projects. Our analysis shows that, during the last two decades, the relationship between business conditions as well as climate uncertainty index and CO2 emissions is observed during the long- and short-term, and driven through economic conditions. However, during the crisis periods, the effect is detected across various scales and the relationship is bi-directional. Our results have several practical implications for the US policymakers to consider when setting policies for fighting pollution emissions and environmental protection., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. Pollution and electricity price in the EU Central and Eastern European countries: a sectoral approach.
- Author
-
Simionescu M, Radulescu M, and Cifuentes-Faura J
- Subjects
- Economic Development, Electricity, Europe, Renewable Energy, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Environmental Pollution analysis
- Abstract
Pollution and energy crisis are actual issues in Europe, including the EU Central and Eastern European states. In this context, the objective of this paper is to assess the impact of economic growth and electricity prices for non-household consumers on pollution. The empirical findings reveal the U pattern for energy industry and inverted U pattern for manufacturing in the period 2007-2021 in the EU countries from Central and Eastern Europe. Renewable energy consumption reduces the CO2 and GHG emissions in energy industry. FDI and electricity prices determine the reduction in GHG and CO2 emissions in both sectors. These results are the basis for policy recommendations., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
99. Impact of technological innovation and renewable energy on ecological footprint in G20 countries: The moderating role of institutional quality.
- Author
-
Raza A, Habib Y, and Hashmi SH
- Subjects
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Renewable Energy, Environment, Economic Development, Inventions, Carbon Dioxide
- Abstract
The connection between ecological footprint and economic complexity has significant implications for environmental sustainability regarding the policy. Additionally, institutional quality is crucial in ensuring environmental sustainability and moderating the link between economic complexity and ecological footprint. The task of achieving sustainable environmental development and preventing further degradation of the environment poses a formidable challenge to policymakers. This study delves into the significance of technology innovation and renewable energy in creating a more sustainable environment. Recognizing the need for a more critical review, this research establishes the dynamic linkage between ecological footprint, renewable energy consumption, and technological innovation, especially in conjunction with a moderating component, particularly institutional quality, in G20 countries from 1990 to 2021. We employ advanced panel approaches to address panel data analysis concerns, such as cross-sectional dependence, slope heterogeneity, unit root, cointegration test and CS-ARDL. The long-term estimator indicates that renewable energy and technological innovation negatively but significantly impact the ecological footprint. Whilst economic growth, FDI, and urbanization have shown a positive and significant impact on ecological footprint; institutional quality negatively moderates the relationship between ecological footprint, renewable energy, and technological innovation in the G20 countries. Further evidence from the Dumitrescu-Hurlin Granger causality test shows that efforts to expand access to renewable energy, technological advancements, and economic growth will significantly affect environmental impacts. Based on our results, it is imperative to introduce more favorable legislation and encourage technological advancements in the field of renewable energy if we want to achieve our sustainable development objectives., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
100. Does China Overseas Economic and Trade cooperation Zone affect CO 2 emissions in host countries? Evidence from a quasi-natural experimental of countries along the "Belt and Road".
- Author
-
Jiang Y and Chen Y
- Subjects
- Income, Industrial Development, China, Economic Development, Carbon Dioxide analysis
- Abstract
China Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone (COCZs) which as a platform for China's foreign investment and trade has a potential impact on CO
2 emissions, while strengthening bilateral investment and trade between China and the host countries. Since most of the COCZs are located in countries along the "Belt and Road," the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of COCZs on CO2 emissions of the countries along the "Belt and Road" and the mechanism of this impact. We constructed a panel data of 63 countries along the "Belt and Road" from 2000 to 2020, and conducted an empirical study using the difference-in-difference (DID) model. Our research result show that COCZs can significantly increase the CO2 emissions of the countries along the "Belt and Road." Then, we conduct a series of robustness tests and endogeneity test on the estimation results of the baseline model, and the results of the tests all support the conclusion reached by the baseline model. Our heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effect of COCZs on CO2 emissions is more significant in Asian countries with lower national income or industrialization and higher country risk. Finally, we analyzed industrial value added and energy depletion as possible impact mechanisms, the results of mechanism model shows that COCZs can increase the industrial value added and then significantly increase CO2 emissions, but energy depletion was not an efficient mechanism. Our paper provides a new insight into the impact of bilateral economic and trade cooperation zones on CO2 emissions in host countries., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.