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Inflation, which refers to the decrease in purchasing power, is one of the prominent problems of the global economy. This problem affects all contracts related to money. On the other hand, Islamic law's approach towards the prohibition of interest is closely associated with the contracts. Indeed, in contracts made with paper money, the legal status of the contract becomes controversial when there is a depreciation in the value of the money before the contract is fulfilled and the debt is paid. For example, some jurists, citing the fatwa of Abu Yūsuf (d. 182/798), one of the founding leaders of the Hanafi school, on the change in the value of fels used as coins in transactions, argue that in case of fluctuations in the value of paper money, payment should be made according to the value at the date of the contract. Meanwhile, others argue that Abu Yusuf's opinion does not extend to paper money. In this study, I will analyze these two approaches by applying the qualitative research method in social sciences. As part of the analysis of the subject, I will comprehensively present and evaluate the views and approaches that appear in the contemporary literature. Then, I will discuss Abu Yusuf's view regarding the cause and subject matter of the debt. Thus, I will highlight the position of this view in the Hanafi madhhab literature based on historical data. I will also show whether this approach is valid for today's paper money. The main argument of those who claim that Abu Yusuf's approach to fels includes paper money is that paper money, like fels, has a nominal value. This means that the depreciation that is taken into account in fels is also taken into account in paper money. Another argument is that the change in value that is taken into account in fels, which is used as coins in transactions, will be taken into account in paper money, which is used as the main currency today. On the other hand, those who do not accept this approach argue that fels cannot be considered qiyamī because it is semen, and Abu Yusuf's opinion is limited to fels used as coins in transactions. According to the available data, I consider the arguments of those who claim that Abu Yūsuf's opinion on fels does not extend to paper money as problematic. Because one of the reasons given by those who hold the latter view is that fels cannot be equated with today's paper money since it was a type of coin that completed the fractions of dirhams in transactions. For example, according to the well-known Egyptian historian al-Maqrizī (d. 845/1442), fels were used not only as coins but also as the main currency. Therefore, the fluctuations in the value of fels, which functioned as the main currency, should be evaluated within the framework of Abu Yūsuf’s view. In addition, some Hanafi jurists expanded upon Abu Yūsuf’s view. For example, Ibn Ābidīn (d. 1307/1889), one of the leading figures of the late Hanafi school, in his treatise on the issue, evaluated the debased dirhams (maghlūb al-ghāsh/ مغلوب الغش (in the category of fels. This shows that Abu Yūsuf's approach is also applicable to today’s paper money. Therefore, we can say that Abu Yūsuf’s view on fels is also applicable to today's paper money. This is because Abu Yūsuf, as stated by Ibn Ābidīn, claims that fels is not produced as money and therefore has a nominal value. As a result, according to Abu Yūsuf's opinion regarding the fluctuation in the value of paper money, it is understood that those who claim that payment should be carried out based on the value on the day of the contract have a more accurate attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, in which the adsorption of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions with the carbonization product obtained from the carbonization of paper mill waste sludge at different temperatures for two hours, it was observed that the adsorption efficiency increased with the increase of the carbonization temperature. The adsorption efficiency of Cd(II) ions depends largely on the pH of the environment. By contacting the 100 mg/L solution of Cd(II) with the carbonization product at 300, 400 and 500 °C at a dose of 5 g/L for 240 min at pH 5.5, the current Cd(II) ions were 45.3%, 52.4% and 61% removed. These values increased to 56%, 65.3% and 73.4% when the initial concentration of Cd(II) ions was taken as 50 Mg/L. When the dose was applied as 20 g/L for the initial concentration of 100 mg/L, all of the existing Cd (II) ions (except the carbonization product at 300 °C) were adsorbed. The results obtained for each carbonization product were applied to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The cadmium adsorption kinetics were defined with a second order model and the cadmium adsorption isotherm was determined to fit the Langmuir model better. The applicability of the results to the isotherm equations and the changes in the value of the isotherm constants depending on the carbonization temperature were examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A4 paper is the most widely used paper type that is produced by using wood-free writing & printing paper with the least amount of wood in its structure. A4 size paper is produced by cutting large and long rolls in width and length directions. The construction of this machine is not made in Turkey. In this study, a prototype designed for a paper cutting machine is presented. For this prototype, step motors are used that can be set at different speeds and polyamide rollers are used to transfer the paper from one line to another without tearing. Some problems that is encountered for the designed paper cutting machine are discussed and some analyses are made to solve these problems. It has been found that the misalignment of the shaft axes during the transfer of the paper and the not suitable construction of the shafts causes the non-uniform cutting of the paper. It is also observed that the speed of the motor must the paper adjusted at an appropriate rate, to avoid the stretch and break of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive Care Units (ICU) are units where vital support with advanced technology is given to critically ill patients and multidisciplinary approaches are frequently applied. As we all see during the pandemic, the ICU beds are limited in number; therefore, appropriate use of ICU beds is very important to give the necessary treatment to patients on time while allocating the resources rationally and efficiently. Practices to be implemented for this purpose may cause conflicts between the patients, relatives of the patients, the society and the healthcare team. It is crucial to prevent these conflicts and to ensure that they are resolved properly when they arise. This policy paper prepared by Turkish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infection (Klimik), Turkish Society of Intensive Care and Turkish Bioethics Association brings suggestions to physicians and healthcare administrators regarding the rational use of intensive care units. We presume that it will be effective as supported by the professional organizations and medical associations operating in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy is an important in put for economic and industrial development and an indispensable production input for the continuation of the production process. In a very large part of economic and social life, electrical energy is widely used because of its easy usage and other advantages. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the production of paper and paper products and the gross national product, which is an indicator of economic growth, on the consumption of electricity by panel data analysis. For this purpose, a panel data set was established for 20 OECD countries between 2006 and 2016 from Eurostat and Wordbank. Crosssectional dependence, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation assumptions were tested for the model and deviations from the assumptions were observed. Parameters were estimated using the Driscoll-Kraay estimators, which are resistant to these deviations. As a result of the analysis, it was found that an increase of 1% in the production of paper and paper products increased the electrical energy consumption by 0.22%, the increase of 1% in the per capita gross domestic product increased approximately 0.62% in electricity consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, paper processing residues containing a large extent cellulosic fibrous with inorganic filler such as calcite and clay minerals were used in the manufacturing of high density polyethylene (HDPE) composite. The residues ranging from 10 to 60wt% were loaded into HDPE in order to evaluate the effect of the paper processing residue filler on mechanical properties of HDPE. The composites were produced using mixing process by a high-speed thermo-kinetic mixer and molding process. Mechanical properties of the produced composites were analyzed using standard test methods. According to results, it was observed that the flexural modulus of composites increased with increasing filler contents. Especially, the flexural strength was increased by 26.3% for the 40wt% filler content. The tensile strength of paper industry mill residues filled HDPE composites exhibited an increase of 10-20% compared to that of HDPE matrix. Consequently, in the present study, paper processing residues filler without any modifying agent was used for the production of HDPE composites having better mechanical properties compared to HDPE. Thus, paper processing residues which have no economic value and cause an environmental problem have served as a filler material for HDPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study operating pressure driven systems which is known their efficiency in literature, for paper and pulp industry wastewaters in batch conditions were executed by using NFloose/NFtight membrane combination. The batch NFloose/NFtight experiments were respectively applied at 12 and 20 bars by conventional membrane filtration process, at a stirring rate of 300 cycle/min, at pH 10 and at a temperature of 25 °C. Determination of most suitable membrane at batch operating conditions were made by using 8 different membranes (for NFloose NP010, NFG, MPF36 and CK3001 and for NFtight NP030, NF270, DS-5DK, ESNA) through organic matter removal and filtrate flux values. In NFloose membranes at a filtrate flux of 4.12 L/m² h removal of 61.0% TOC and 76.9% COD and MPF36 membrane was determined to be best NFloose membrane. The filtrate water obtained by MPF36 were later passed through NFtight membranes. In all NFtight membranes generally the organic matter removal efficiency was good and ESNA was selected to be the best membrane in terms of effluent quality by obtaining organic matter removal at rates of 93.9% TOC and 94.2% COD with 10.05 L/m² h filtrate flux. From this point of view, in short term operation of paper wastewaters by pressure driven NFloose/NFtight integrated membrane system, it was seen that good quality of outlet water with 7.15 pH and a conductivity coefficient of 144 μS/cm and at 13 mg/L TOC and 28 mg/L COD concentrations could be obtained also that good quality of reuse water could be produced in terms of aimed effluent water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The project of modernity, which started in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, turned into a planned action in the country with the Republic of Turkey. In this context, within the project of modernity, planned development for economic independence and the development of industry were given importance. The İzmir Economy Congress (1927) and the First Five-Year Industry Plan (1934) ensured the realization of industrial investments in this process. These investments were seen as the elements that sustain the revolutions and the basic requirements for economic/social development and were realized by the state. As one of the first steps in the modernization process of the country, the Kocaeli SEKA Paper Factory area is a concrete example where the stages of this process can be followed. With the global crisis in the second half of the 20th century, the service sector began to become a predominant sector in industrial cities. Industrial areas, which used to be located in city centers in the past, started to be decentralized towards the periphery. In this process, production areas in city centers began to lose their usability in terms of both location and production due to technological obsolescence. With its locations covering large areas in city centers, it has become attractive in terms of new uses. The need to maintain these areas, which are also important in terms of urban history, except for their original functions, but maintaining the value created by the original function, has revealed the concept of industrial heritage. After the transfer of the SEKA area, whose functioning ended, to the municipality in 2005, it was aimed to reuse. This area, which is important for the history of the city, needs to be evaluated within the scope of the concept of industrial heritage, apart from its original functions, but maintaining the value created by the original function. In this study, the coastline, historical and industrial structures of SEKA, which affects the social and economic structure of the city, will be evaluated especially with the implementation of the Sekapark Urban Transformation Project. In addition, in order to ensure the effective and efficient use of the whole area, suggestions have been developed regarding the buildings and areas that have relatively limited use in the current situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of study was to determine some properties of tissue papers and identify the position in Turkey. Napkins, toilet papers and paper towels used in this study were supplied from 5 different companies. Physical and optical properties of these papers were investigated and compared them to each other. Grammage, moisture content, crepe, bulk, density, tensile strength, thickness, water retention value and water absorption time were determined as physical properties and brightness and whiteness values were measured as optical properties. According to obtained results, the best results in physical and optical properties of napkins, toilet papers and paper towels belong to C, E and A Company, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to evaluate the paper and screen reading skills of the 4th-grade elementary students according to some variants. 102 students in total from four schools in Çanakkale Province participated in the research. Research data were gathered by Reading Skills Scale developed by Obalar (2009) and Screen Reading Preference Levels Scale validity and credibility tests of which is carried out by the researchers. In the research, students were made to read texts which are at the same level from the paper one by one in different environments, 2 observers evaluated the reading skills of the students and the data was obtained by applying Screen Reading Preference Levels Scale to the same students. Analysis of the data was carried out by SPSS 21.0 programme. While the analysis of the data was carried out in line with the sub-goals, as for the descriptive analyses, results of frequency, percentage, arithmetic average and standard deviation are used as descriptive statistics. After the hypothesis testing, it was decided to carry out Pearson correlation test for relationship analyses, independent sample t-Test for the difference analyses in accordance with gender variable, Kruskall Wallis H test for difference analysis in accordance with the weekly time to read books variables. The significance level was taken to be (p), 05.It was suggested that screen reading preference levels did notdemonstrate a meaningful difference according to the gender variant, paper reading skill levels demonstrated a meaningful difference according to the gender variant in favour of female students. It was understood that 82,4% of the students preferred screen reading at a medium level and paper reading skill levels of 49% of the students were at a partially sufficient level as well. Also, a meaningful relationship between the weekly time to read books and screen reading preference was not found, and a relationship which is in a positive direction, meaningful at a small level emerged between the weekly time to read books and paper reading skills. There isn't a meaning relationship between students' weekly time to read books and screen reading preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ductility and energy absorption characteristics of concrete-filled steel tube columns (CFSTCCs) make these columns a good choice. In this paper, the three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element method (FEM) (3DFEM) modeling, and simplified numerical modeling results, are compared to those of the computation methods presented in previous studies on estimating the ultimate load capacity of circular stub concrete-filled steel tube composite columns (CFSTCCs). Another comparison between practical design methodology approaches based on advanced analyses, namely, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), relevance vector machine (RVM), and artificial neural network (ANN)-based models were also presented by Avci-Karatas. In order to improve the accuracy of the modeling process and achieve more precise predictions, a thorough set of experimental data was collected. This data encompassed the geometrical and mechanical properties of circular CFSTCC, including parameters such as height, diameter, thickness, steel yield stress, unconfined concrete strength, and Young's modulus for steel. In the present study, it is found that the predicted ultimate axial compression load capacity of circular stub CFSTCCs based on 3D-FEM, numerical modeling, and MARS, RVM, and ANN-based modeling is comparable with the experimentally measured values. In the MARS-based model, the minimum and maximum values of the predicted-to-experimental ultimate axial load ratios (PuMARS / PuE) were found to range from 0.87 to 1.10. For the RVM-based model, the ratios (PuRVM/PuE) varied between 0.90 and 1.06. Similarly, in the ANN-based model, the ratios (PuANN / PuE) ranged from 0.92 to 1.04. As powerful statistical modeling tools as MARS- and RVM-based models are, ANN-based models, achieve high computational efficiency in terms of accuracy in the context of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qatar is experiencing significant development as a result of its abundant natural resources. Qatar is taking crucial initiatives to ensure the sustainability of this position, such as the Qatar National Development Strategy 2030. This strategy paper focuses a variety of development issues, including economic diversification, education reform, sustainable urbanisation, transportation infrastructure strengthening, and environmental sustainability. It also seeks to safeguard liberties, promote moral and religious values, and provide security, stability, and equality of opportunity. The goal of this research is to thoroughly investigate the content of the Qatar National Development Strategy 2030, assess its development, and analyse the country's success in reaching the targets outlined in the existing plan. The analysis covers the period from the plan's implementation in 2008 to the present. The study's drawback is the lack of a complete data set to measure all of the pillars of the strategy document simultaneously. In this context, data sets that are commonly used in the literature to measure the dimensions of 'human development," "social development," "economic development," and "environmental development" were used The analysis revealed that, while Qatar has made progress towards the QNV 2030 goals, there are still problems and areas that require improvement [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on accounting research by examining the Covid-19 themed accounting articles indexed by Web of Science with the bibliometric analysis method. 761 articles within the scope of the research are analyzed with Vosviewer software. With the global spread of the virus causing Covid-19 disease in 2019, it is observed that the number of publications by accounting researchers increased rapidly since 2020. The number of publications, which is 126 in 2020, increases to 325 in 2021 and 310 in 2022. It seems that investigating the effects of the pandemic is an important subject of study in accounting research. The results show that the Covid-19 themed accounting articles covered financial markets, public finance, business performance measurement, accounting education, corporate governance and sustainability. The journal that publishes the most articles on accounting and Covid-19 is the "Journal of Public Budgeting Accounting Financial According to the co-occurrence analysis of the keywords, the most frequently used keyword is 'Covıd-19'. The country with the most publications is the USA, the countries with the strongest co-authorship connections is England. Turkey ranks 22nd among the countries with co-authorship link with 12 papers, 92 citations and 23 total link strength. Among the researchers' affiliations, the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology is the most productive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the meaning of the word “Aziz” (except for “Asma-ul-Husna”) and other words with the same root in other forms found in the Holy Qur’an. The research draws on Arabic language sources compiled in the first centuries of the Hijrah. It also utilizes early Arabic language dictionaries, works of Wujuh and Nasa’ir, Tafsirs, and the literature of Maani and Gharib al-Quran, which explains the words of the Qur’an. This article quotes ancient sources to define the word “Aziz,” and identifies ten different meanings attributed to the word. It also attempts to establish a connection between these ten different meanings based on the most concrete one. The study then goes through the verses in which “Aziz” and other words with the same root appear in order. Providing meticulous translations of the source texts about these verses, the article presents the meanings attributed to the word and other derivatives, especially by linguists. It then offers translations of each of these verses accordingly. This paper also cites Turkish translations of Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır, Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen, Hasan Basri Çantay, and Ali Fikri Yavuz, demonstrating the various meanings attributed to the word depending on the context. Eight of the ten meanings mentioned are found in the Qur’an. The paper also assesses these translations through examples, aiming to illustrate that a direct translation of the word may cause misunderstandings, although the exact same word exists in Turkish. The conclusion lists all of the meanings attributed to the word and the findings of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesopotamia is a region where diverse beliefs merged and fused, generating an eclectic and syncretic framework. The lunar worshipping cult occupied a significant position among the convictions of the farming societies here and influenced their lifestyle. Particularly, lunar eclipses were significant natural phenomena meticulously observed in lifestyle manners according to the moon's phases. This article explores the significance of lunar eclipses, which had a considerable influence on the social life and religious convictions of Mesopotamian societies. Besides their religious and ritual significance, lunar eclipses also had political implications. Therefore, this paper examines the political consequences of lunar eclipses and scrutinizes their potential character. Mesopotamian civilizations viewed natural phenomena, mainly those linked to the moon's phases, as sings of retribution or as a warning from the moon god Sin. The significance placed on such natural phenomena by Mesopotamian societies, particularly by the governing institutions, is evident in the cuneiform tablets. It is possible to discern from both tablets and state official correspondence that warnings and disciplinary actions sent by Sin had a direct influence on the decision-making process within both the political and religious fields. The State Archives of Assyria and Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period features numerous prophesies and state inscriptions in which the name of the moon god Sin is referenced. Upon examination, an analysis of the religious and political nature of the practices performed to seek protection from the wrath of the moon god and to avoid negative effects during lunar eclipses can be conducted. This article evaluates the impact of Sin, the moon god of Mesopotamia, on political decisions made by the kings. Nevertheless, this study analyses practices performed during lunar eclipses that were found to have an effect in religious and political fields. The influence on monotheistic religions is examined within the scope of Judaism, and the resulting traces are pursued in the Old Testament corpus. Using the descriptive method, this paper evaluates the probable impact of lunar eclipses on Judaism during the monotheistic period through a comparative analysis. The study aims to identify potential parallels that exist. The research findings indicate that the moon god Sin played a significant role in political decision-making as the god of prophecy. Particularly during lunar eclipses, it was found that appointing a "substitute king" was an effective measure. It was found that several religious practices were performed during the lunar eclipses to protect against bad prophecies. The presence of the belief in the moon god in Judaism has been analysed and it was found that the bad prophecies and religious practices were parallel to some passages in the Old Testament. The study is restricted to primary sources from the ancient period due to the limitations of the research. The article primarily employs social science methodologies including description, interpretation, and comparisons. Additionally, a linguistic approach has been applied using Akkadian texts. The study suggests that lunar eclipses, associated with the cult of Sin, had a considerable influence on the religious and political domains, as found in the Judaist sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A notion that the theologians consider as a physical explanation model while discussing the movement in accordance with their theological views on the comprehension and interpretation of the universe is i'timād. In conclusion, this notion, which has various meanings in different contexts, has been used to express "the tendency of object in motion, potential energy, pressure or resistance of an object to another object". Within this framework, including weight-lightness, ascentdescent, impulse-pull etc., many phenomena related to the unidirectional and compulsory movement of objects have been explained. On the other hand, theologians dealt with i'timād in the context of their own conceptions of the universe, in relation to their understanding of causality while discussing the movements of bodies in the universe and their changestransformations, and the causality relationship between them. As a result of their discussions, they asked questions about i'timād and tried to find answers to these questions in the perspective of their own views of the universe. Furthermore, in relation to the theory of i'timād, Mu'tazilite scholar Abû Ishâq Ibrâhîm al-Nazzâm (d. 231/845) discussed the theory of tafra (leaping) and put forward contrary arguments. One of those who sought answers to the questions discussed in this direction and expressed an opinion on i'timād is the Ash'arî theologian Abû al-Maâlî al-Juwaynî (d. 478/1085). He discussed i'timād in terms of the accidents of spatial generation and used i'timād as a universal explanatory theory for the phenomena of movement, space, weight and lightness, and directional phenomena such as up and down. From this point of view, he also tried to interpret i'timād with examples from natural phenomena and objects. In doing so, he synthesized i'timād within his own system and presented it as an explanatory element by considering the Ash'arite metaphysical principles through the examples he frequently gave. Thus, he put forward views on whether the movements of objects give rise to i'timād or not, and drew attention to the usage of i'timād in the Muʿtazilite and Ashʿarī schools. In this context, he tried to prove with examples whether the Muʿtazilite understanding of iʿtimād overlaps with the Ashʿarī understanding of iʿtimād. On the other hand, al-Juwaynī put forward his proofs in the context of his criticisms of the Muʿtazilites in general and al-Naẓẓām in particular. His criticisms were generally in response to the views of Muʿtazilite scholars on the phenomenon of motion in the context of iʿtimād. In fact, al-Juwaynī criticized the arguments of Abū ʿAlī al-Jubbāʾī (d. 303/916) and Abū Ḥāshim (d. 321/933) in the context of the theory of tawlīd and al-Naẓẓām in the context of the theory of tafra through their arguments. In this direction, the paper concentrates on how Juwaynî stated the examples he put while proving the theory of i'timād in terms of movement phenomenon and what he comprehended from it. In addition, the paper discusses his criticisms against Nazzâm's theoretical and experimental arguments he brought in the context of tafra theory while elaborating Juwaynî's explanation of movement phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the fiscal capacity of the Ottoman Empire. In the paper the fiscal capacity is defined in terms of the delay in the transfer of tax revenues to the central treasury. Delays in tax collection are analyzed as a function of distance to the center, tax types, and the volume of tax revenues. Econometric analysis based on data from the records of daily transactions of the central treasury (ruznamçe defterleri) of the late 16th century shows that the increased distance from the center is associated with a higher delay in tax collection. Moreover, the impact of the distance varies by tax types. It is also observed that compared to avarız taxes, revenues from jizya, ağnam, and mukataa enter into the treasury in a greater delay. Finally, results show that revenues with higher volumes are transferred to the treasury fa ster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, aims to investigate the impact of historical perspective on some contemporary studies. This affect is apparent in comparisons made between assessments of Arabic scholars and modern linguistic theories and notions in the West. The Arabic world, after gaining their independence, had tried their hardest to import the knowledge from the West due to political, scientific, and sociological reasons. While Arabs accepted the superiority of knowledge in several fields that produced in the West, their look, on the contrary, at the modern linguistics has always been suspicious. Nevertheless, they did not hold back from finding out the similar or better correspondent linguistic theories or conceptions in Arabic language tradition. However, the aim of the early Arabic language scholars and the context of the knowledge they produced were quite different from those of the modern period linguists and the conditions of the emergence of linguistics. In this respect, it is a methodological error to decontextualize the concepts mentioned in the history of Arabic language or to subject them to forced interpretations to match them with modern linguistic concepts, and it also disrupts the epistemic value of linguistic knowledge that has gone down in history. The wealth and depth of Arabic language tradition has been useful in ascribing those new linguistic theories and concepts to Arabic tradition as it was asserted that these concepts dealt with by scholars without nomination. We assume that the effect of historical interpretation worked out well here. The ideological dimension of the historical interpretation exceeds the limits of this paper, for that, this paper limited with some examples in which the effect of honorific interpretations of history on Arabic studies is obvious. These examples are selected from the works of people who are known for their linguistic contributions in the Arab world in the modern period. The historical and social conditions of the theories and knowledge referred to in this paper have not been discussed as they would exceed the limits of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the poisoning narrations of the Prophet Muhammad within the context of miracle – prophethood relationship (understanding and interpreting) based on the Quran’s prophethood concept (paradigm). The paper claims that the dominant paradigm is the determining instrument for the understanding and interpreting of the Sirah material. Thus, while the Quran’s prophethood concept expresses the paradigm, the poisoning narrations of the Prophet are a case study for the subject of understanding and interpreting. As the main source of the Sirah discipline, the Quran is also the main authority for the verification and correction of narratives about the Prophet’s life. As such, any Sirah material that contradict with the principles of the Qur'an is in need of criticism and explanation. From this perspective, the Qur'an’s concept of prophethood should be a touchstone for the correct understanding of the Prophet. The expressions of the Qur'an describing the prophethood of Muhammad reveal an imagination of prophet based on the profile of a human-prophet, free from miracles. Therefore, this principle, which the Qur'an defines in the person of the Prophet, determines the limits of our approach to the Sirah material. After determining the basis of the approach to the Sirah material, it is possible to deal with the paradigm – understanding and interpreting relationship in the example of the poisoning narrations of the Prophet. As known, after the Conquest of Khaybar (7/629), the Prophet was subject of an assassination by a Jewish woman named Zainab bint al-Harith. She offered the Prophet and his companions a poisonous meal prepared from mutton; however, the Prophet escaped the assassination by noticing the poison in the food. On the matter of how the Prophet noticed the poison, while some explain by his human abilities; others interpret it as his miracle. These two approaches, traces of which can be seen in both classical and modern works, are remarkable in terms of showing the differences in the understanding and interpreting of the Sirah narrations depend on the underlying paradigm. Because the divergences seen in the understanding and interpretation of the incident in the historical process actually appear as a reflection of different paradigms. In this article, rather than showing the reflections of the paradigm shift, we will discuss how the poisoning incident was handled in the early sources in the context of the dominant paradigm. In this context, we will evaluate the narrations included in the works of Waqidi, Ibn Hisham, Ibn Sa'd and Tabari. Indeed, we have to assume that the narrations in these works are the most appropriate narrations to reflect the paradigm of the period, as they are the closest written texts to the period of the Prophet. Therefore, this paper aims to criticize the poisoning narrations in the early Sirah sources comparatively based on the prophethood concept of the Quran, as the main source of Sirah. In this direction, text criticism method will be used in the paper. By using this method, the similarities and differences between the narrations will be determined and the answer to the question of how the incident actually happened will be sought. Thus, it will be possible to show findings that the narratives about the poisoning incident in the first written sources do not attribute miraculous properties to the Prophet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dede Korkut stories are considered among the most fundamental works by many researchers studying Turkish culture. The stories are marked by the repercussions of the cultural elements from varying periods in social life, the admittance and refutation by all the strata of the society from heroes to lower classes, and the included motifs, functions and ideological elements. Having achieved a wide popularity especially in a broad geographical area housing the Turkic people, Dede Korkut is a collection of stories that requires a textual analysis and interpretation as well as an examination by various social sciences and cultural studies owing to its multi-dimensional nature providing data to various disciplines. This article aims to analyse the movie Dədə Qorqud filmed in 1975 in Soviet Azerbaijan and screened in Soviet movie theatres after translated into Russian as Свет погасших костров (The Light of Quenched Hearths) in 1977. Adapted and directed by Tofig Taghizade and written by Anar Rızayev, the movie derives from the script, target audience, the actors and the artistic and political inclinations of the period although it inspires from the book Dede Korkut at large. Recently, there has been an increase in the performing arts and, in particular, movies that originate from the Dede Korkut stories. As the main focus of this study, the movie offers new perspectives to researchers with regard to the analysis of an era since it reflects the cultural policy and ideology of the USSR. We are of the opinion that this paper will contribute to the literature for the folklore studies in Turkey mainly focus on textual analyses and the researches on Turkish folk culture and art in the USSR have received limited interest. This article evaluates the publication process of Dede Korkut in the USSR as well as the cultural policy of the USSR and its impact on the development and transformation of cinema. In this sense, the following study endeavours to expand on the reflections of Soviet ideology in movies by discussing the approaches towards the Dede Korkut stories. After all, the script of the movie was devised not as a mere adaptation but to serve the long-lasting propagandistic activities of the Soviets. Indeed, the analyses under this study indicate that the contents altered during the adaptation process or fabricated in the movie script were used with success in the transmission of the ideological messages of the USSR to the society. The adaptation of the Dede Korkut stories bears significance for applied folklore studies. Ideological ends aside, it can be claimed that the movie supports the representation of the cultural codes and motifs inherent to the Dede Korkut stories. In this respect, further studies by varying disciplines will help to reveal the sphere of influence of the movie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prisons are spaces in which confinement is implemented as a method of punishment. They are typically surrounded by high walls, iron bars, and wire fences and organized into a ward and cell system. Scholarly attention on and studies that address the social–psychological and spatial aspects of human–prison relationships are scant in the Turkish literature. Thus, the current study aims to reveal the prison representations of the three groups: those (i) with prison experience, (ii) without prison experience but are relatives of prisoners, and (iii) without prison experience and prisoner relatives. The study also aims to examine how prison representations are shared or differentiated among these groups. It conducted a field study using the cognitive mapping method and semistructured interviews with 50 participants (18 women, 32 men) from various cities in Turkey selected via the purposeful, snowball, and convenience sampling techniques. In the semistructured interviews, open-ended questions were formulated to elucidate the perceptions, evaluations, and experiences of the participants toward prisons. Using the cognitive mapping technique, the participants draw mental images of prisons on a blank paper. Data were analyzed by content analysis. The results demonstrated various commonalities, such as the experience of isolation and the spatial characteristics of prisons in the sociospatial representations of the three groups of participants. However, the findings indicate that the participants exhibit diverse social realities constructed and maintained through their representations of prisons. The primary experiences of, the spatial characteristics of prisons and the production in daily communication channels are important factors in the emergence of these social realities.. Furthermore, the results highlighted the explicit role of the social representation of prisons in forming and perpetuating various social realities within a system that sustains power relation and social inequality. Moreover, the findings illustrated that the cognitive maps reveal the spatial elements of prisons, the contingencies of prisoners, and the social conditions of prisons more clearly than did semistructured interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents research that investigated attitudes toward caring for older parents, including filial obligation norms and the intention to support parents in the future. It explores the relationship between these attitudes and cultural values (relatedness and autonomy and instrumental and psychological values of chilldren) and sociodemographic factors (family living situation, maternal and paternal educational levels). This study involved 364 university students who completed the measures of filial obligation norms, intention to support parents in the future, cultural values, value of children, and sociodemographic variables. Results indicated that participants from urban areas were less inclined to endorse material family obligation norms and instrumental and psychological values of children compared with their non-urban counterparts, reflecting lower levels of collectivist tendencies. Moreover, participants with lower maternal educational levels demonstrated higher levels of children’s instrumental value, highlighting their emphasis on intergenerational dependencies. Similarly, those with lower paternal educational levels demonstrated higher endorsement of material and emotional filial obligation norms, as well as instrumental and psychological values of children, indicating stronger collectivist tendencies. Hierarchal regression analyses revealed that paternal education level, instrumental and psychological values of children, and relatedness values predicted material filial obligation norms, while psychological values of children and relatedness values predicted emotional filial obligation norms. Furthermore, the intention to support parents in the future was predicted by gender and material filial obligation norms. In the context of relevant literature, the results show a decline in familial and intergenerational collectivist characteristics, as well as instrumental and psychological values of children, in Türkiye with socioeconomic development. The intention to support parents in the future was associated with hierarchy-oriented filial obligation norms. These findings are significant for informing family change models and the development of social policies aimed at caring for older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word coincidence, which is frequently encountered and expressed by human beings in their daily lives; It is a concept used in the definition of unplanned, random and instantaneous situations, facts and events. Coincidence, which is encountered in almost every aspect of daily life, has also found its place in the field of art, and has been used by artists as an act of creation in modern art movements, especially since the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The inclusion of chance as an element in the act of artistic creation has also gamified this process. The gamification of the creation process contributed to the art creation of the modern period and had important interactions with the subsequent contemporary art process. Original works that emerged as a result of the application of various methods, and visual, stain or formal results achieved by chance at some point, enabled the game to turn into art. The free, enthusiastic, moment-oriented artist, who directs his works by using randomness consciously or instinctively (unconsciously), stains his canvas; He creates improvised practices with splashes, collages by cutting random papers and cardboards, with his body, with the fictions/arrangements he creates indoors or outdoors, or with ready-made objects. Thus, the artist now plays games during the production process of the work, and with the changing understanding of art, art becomes audience-centered, and a 'play friendship' occurs between the artist and the audience, which takes place in the field of play. In the article, the phenomenon of the reflections of the game in artistic action within the scope of art movements developing after modernism was examined within the scope of literature review method and visual research method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional Hilbert spaces are encountered in a variety of fields, including statistics, approximation theory, group representation theory, and so on. Smooth functions are associated with operators on Hilbert spaces of analytic functions through the Berezin transform defined by functional Hilbert space. We present new inequalities for the Berezin norm and Berezin number of limited linear operators defined on a functional Hilbert space in this study. We discovered various inequalities and their features in some papers to characterize the Berezin number and the Berezin norm. This article's originality or novelty consists of fresh Berezin number estimations for two operators. These estimates improve on the upper bounds of the Berezin numbers found in previous studies. The inequality given by El-Haddad and Kittaneh ([10]) is then improved and generalized after that. The concepts and approaches offered in this paper may serve as a starting point for future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prof. Dr. Umay Türkeş Günay is a well-known folklorist in Turkey and abroad. While writing her doctoral thesis, she applied to Elazig tales the Propp method, which was developed by Russian scientist Vladimir Propp in his work "Morfogija Skazki", published in Leningrad in 1928, which marks the beginning of her scientific works. She is the first scientist to implement the Propp method, which is frequently used by folklorists today, in Türkiye. She started her career at Ankara University, Faculty of Language, History and Geogra- phy, and continued at Hacettepe University, thus creating the Hacettepe University school. She led the establishment of the chair of Turkish Folklore at the same university between 1985-1991. She received the title of "Associate Professor" with her research titled "Aşık Style Poetry Tradition and Dream Motif". She served as a member and consultant in commissions and committees related to culture, folklore and education activities of various institutions such as the Prime Ministry of the Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of National Education, UNESCO and the State Planning Organization. In addition to her 5 books, Prof. Dr. Türkeş Günay has hundreds of publications including articles, papers, introductions-critiques, essays and translations. Prof. Dr. Umay Türkeş Günay, who continues her duty as the Dean of the Faculty of Education at Girne American University, sheds light on young researchers with her scientific articles and speeches. Scientists are people who produce, research, question, present their knowledge to the world of science and train young scientists. Prof. Dr. Umay Türkeş Günay, a scientist who has devoted her life to Turkish cultural studies, is principled, open to different suggestions and extremely objective as an administrator. She is uncompromising in scientific and business disciplines. She never conducts her relations with the people she works with on the subordinate-superior plane. By displaying her respectful style towards identities and personalities to both academic staff and students, she approaches young academics and students both like a mother and a teacher. In this study, information about Prof. Dr. Umay Türkeş Günay's life, her academic and administrative duties, the theses she supervised, and the books, articles and papers she wrote is given. In the study, the following books of Prof. Dr. Türkeş Günay, each a value in itself, were examined in detail: "Elazig Tales and Propp Method", "Aşık Style Poetry Tradition and Dream Motif in Turkey", "Risâlet-i Nushiyye and Yunus Emre", "History of Turks", and "Criticism of Turkish Culture". Based on the works of Turkish culture researcher Prof. Dr. Umay Türkeş Günay, attention was drawn to the messages she conveyed to the Turkish society and the importance of her books was examined. In the study, the views of Prof. Dr. Umay Türkeş Günay about science and the situation of the Turkish world in the historical course were pointed out and her suggestions and solutions were discussed. In addition, the articles written by Prof. Dr. Umay Türkeş Günay on the importance of critical perspective as regards the development and growth of societies are also included within the scope of the study. In addition, the bibliography of Prof. Dr. Umay Türkeş Günay's works is provided. Thus, an attempt has been made to draw a scientific portrait of Prof. Dr. Türkeş Günay based on the works. In the 80th year of her birth, the life path of the professor of the professors, Umay Mother of the Turks, is examined and her contribution to Turkish science is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to serve multiple purposes. Although the paper is mainly a review of the book titled Provincial Universities: AK Party's Back Campus, it aims to make a small contribution to the relevant parties to seriously consider the different dimensions of the problematics of quality vs quantity. On the other hand, the intention to show that book reviews are not just a type of publication in which the contents of the books are conveyed to the reader has led to the emergence of this text. In this context, creating a course material on book reviews for the course called Scholarly Communication, which it has been taught at undergraduate and graduate levels for many years, is among the motivations of the paper. The selection of Information World as the publication journal should be accepted as part of the intention to present the general outlook of the book reviews in this journal, and to show potentially relevant parties how the university and research phenomena have been undermined over time. In the paper, the parts related to university libraries are also shared within the framework of the book contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is frequently observed in the literature that futures contracts added to a portfolio with effective hedging ratios reduce portfolio risks. It is possible to determine the effective hedge ratios used by static and dynamic methods. The aim of this study and its difference from other studies in the literature is to determine the most effective hedging strategy for crisis periods in Türkiye by comparing static and dynamic models using the ISE-30 spot index and the ISE-30 futures index. The paper covers three different periods that stand out according to the volatility of the ISE-30 index. The first of these is the 23 May 2013 Gezi Park Events; the second is the 15 July 2016 Coup Attempt; and the third is the 11 March 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. According to the findings, static hedge models provide more effective protection for the Gezi Park Events period, while the dynamic hedged DCC-GARCH model provides the most effective protection for the Coup Attempt and COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, research findings reveal that investors should add futures market contracts to their portfolios to hedge against unhedged portfolios, although the differences between the results of hedged portfolios are small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authorship disputes may arise in the academic world in the student-supervisor relationship. Questions such as "Should the supervisor be directly added as an author to a paper based on the thesis?", "Should the student or the supervisor be the first author in the article?", " Should the order of authorship be determined by academic title if there are more than one author?" or similar questions may arise in the student-supervisor relationship, even if they are not spoken aloud. Author refers to the person or persons who have "contributed to the creation of the study at a level that deserves the title of authorship". Therefore, in the article, only those who have contributed enough to deserve the authorship should be indicated as authors. The ranking of authors should be ordered from the highest to the lowest according to the "contribution rate" of those who have contributed enough to deserve the title of authorship. This ranking should not be changed by considering the authors' administrative or academic titles. "How will it be determined whether a "contribution at a level that merits authorship" has been made? This question has been answered by CRediT: Contributor Roles Taxonomy. CRediT is a taxonomy that includes 14 types of contributions used to identify the roles played by contributors to research and publication. These contribution types are listed as; "Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project Administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft, Writing – Review & Editing". Each of these contributions represents the labour of the contributor. To be recognized as an author, it is necessary to have contributed in at least three of these roles. The contribution rate of the authors in the studies can be scored under the titles of "Conceptualization (CRediT 1), Data Curation (CRediT 2), Research - Formal Analysis - Validation (CRediT 3-4-6-11), Writing – Original Draft (CRediT 12-13) and Review & Editing (CRediT 14)" as recommended in the ISNAD Citation System. The Funding acquisition (CRediT 5) provided for the study must also be mentioned in the text. Persons or institutions that have not contributed to the study at a level that deserves authorship are thanked by indicating their names. If the authors have used artificial intelligence-supported technologies in the preparation of the study, it would also be useful to indicate how they used these technologies. The criteria for their use are currently being debated all over the world. To prevent such disputes, it is important to determine unambiguous authorship criteria. For this purpose, the title "Capturing Author Contributions" will be added to the third edition of the ISNAD Citation Style to be published in 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sufism is a system of thought that beautifies the morality of man and guides him in his aim of understanding the truth. The most prominent feature of Sufi thought, which brings a different dimension and depth to the relationship between God and life, is the aim of spiritual maturation. Sufism is an understanding based on purification of the heart, giving true love only to Allah and purification of the soul. The Sufi approach, which focuses on the changes and developments of human beings on the way to reach the truth, has been one of the main themes in literature. Najīb Mahfūz is known for his closeness to Sufism in the field of literature, and he skillfully uses Sufi themes in many of his works. Mahfûz, who places Sufi elements in his works, adds a philosophical dimension to his novels by making Sufi figures speak with deep meanings as the story progresses. The author also conveys various religious messages by using the mysterious and symbolic language of Sufism interspersed between the dialogues. This study focuses on the Sufi views and Sufi personality of Najīb Mahfūz, one of the important figures of modern Arabic literature, and discusses the Sufi images in his novel Leyālī Elf Layla, which he wrote inspired by the Thousand and One Nights. In addition, the paper conveys Mahfûz’s Sufi thoughts and his way of understanding of Sufism. Mahfûz’s interpretation of Sufism and his deep mystical images in the novel are analysed based on his narrations through Sufi characters in the novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new concert hall of the Presidential Symphony Orchestra and the chorus practice halls in Ankara were inaugurated in 2020 at a special event. This marked not only the end of almost three decades of project development and construction, but the transformation of the site, at least for now. The aim of this paper is to consider the recent history of Ankara to reveal the changes that shaped have this site since the end of the 19th century. Certain assumptions that Ankara was built from scratch, or that it was systematically planned and constructed as part of the plans for the modernization of Republican Turkey, or that the history of the last century could be considered as part of subsequent planning processes, will mostly be suspended when constructing this narrative. The development of this area will be considered as a process of continuities, rather than ruptures, namely rational decisions necessitated by current conditions, instead of the mere whim of planners and/or designers; and suspended meta-narratives will be referred to only when such clarifications alaremain insufficient. In conclusion, it will be discussed if the possibility of turning this area, which has always been absolutely central in the urban fabric and has always been assigned crucial functions for the city, yet never even recognized nor been an indispensable component of everyday life, can have formed the new cultural focus of today's Ankara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present glaze ceramics recovered from ST (South Trench), A4 (Area 4), and Op.54 (Operation 54) trenches of Gordion in Phrygia. As a working method, instead of casting the finds of each trench separately, grouping them according to form characteristics under the technical features indicated by the glazes and decorations was preferred. It is observed that the ceramic groups discussed in this study are similar in terms of fabric and form. There is also a similarity with the finds from Amorium Upper City, Karacahisar Castle and its surroundings, Anaia, Pergamon, and Ephesus. Although more detailed analysis is required regarding the production locations of the ceramics discovered, Gordion and its nearby geography have a high potential to be a production center. Pottery sherds unearthed from the contexts of Gordion excavations enable us to obtain data about the location and purposes of use of the settlement in the Principalities Period. The article's purpose is to examine the socio-economic identity of the local people of Gordion through this data. The main premise of the research is the problem of determining the chronological gaps (hiatus) seen after the Late Antique Period in Gordion and determining the exact chronology of the settlement continuity through the vessel forms belonging to the Principality Period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption is of great importance for the sustainable development of a country in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects. In financial development, it is an important factor for a country's economic growth, stability and prosperity. In the paper, the nexus among energy consumption, financial development, economic growth and trade openness were tested using the ARDL method for the period 1980-2020. In the study, the square of financial development was also included in the analysis, and the nonlinear relationship between energy consumption and financial development was also examined. The findings showed that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between energy consumption and financial development. Accordingly, initially, financial development increases energy consumption, but after a certain point, energy consumption begins to decrease. In addition, it has been determined that economic growth positively effects energy consumption in both the short and long term, while trade openness negatively effects. Analysis of the relationship between financial development and energy consumption will be an important step to understand the economic, environmental and social effects of energy policies and to build a sustainable energy future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important concept in digital twin creation is how well the object represents reality and how updatable it is. At this point, photogrammetry is one of the methods that best represent reality as it is a method of creating 3D models from images. With photogrammetry, multiple images of an object can be taken from different angles to create a 3D model of the object, which can then be used to create a digital twin. The focus of this paper is to formulate the basic requirements for a representation of 3D photogrammetric data generated from image data to function as a digital twin and to show how these basic requirements can be implemented in a prototype digital twin. For these purpose, digital twins of three objects of different sizes and complex structures were created by photogrammetry method and SfM algorithm in Context Capture software. Finally, the digital twin was visualized and presented to the user as augmented reality in an easyto- access mobile or WEB based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though it is becoming increasingly popular, the female perspective in historical fiction, long defined in sexist terms and associated with masculine authorship and readership for centuries, has been neglected in literary criticism. In recent years, it has become apparent that the number of historical novels shaped by rewriting strategies and written by women writers, and the interest in these novels are gradually increasing. This study, therefore, aims to uncover the theoretical underpinnings of 'rewriting' based on contemporary historical fiction by women writers as a postmodernist and feminist strategy. After examining the timeline of historical fiction and its relatively narrow definition, which, until recently, was shaped by totalising and patriarchal patterns, the paper will discuss how and in what ways postmodernism and second-wave feminism contribute to the idea of 'rewriting' and the rise of women's historical fiction that capitalises on rewriting. In addition, the authors will present diverse examples to show how contemporary women writers' views on 'rewriting' harmoniously reflect the main arguments of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to reveal the scientific development and current structure of social vulnerability studies in the context of climate change with the bibliometric method approach. For analysis data, the Web of Science (WoS) database was searched with the "topic" option using the words "social vulnerability" and "climate change". Publications with "articles, review articles, papers and book chapters" were chosen as the type of publication. In line with the determined filters, a total of 2344 publications were reached between the years 1991-2023 (first half of 2023). VOSviewer visualization software was used for the bibliometric analysis of the data obtained from the database with scientific mapping technique. Relevant criteria were selected in the software, and network maps and density maps were obtained by applying "co-existence, citation and co-authorship" analyzes. Through these analyses, various findings were discovered including keywords, research areas, publication types and languages, indices, authors, publications, journals, publishers, countries, universities, and institutions/organizations. The study is a guide for researchers in terms of evaluation and results of social vulnerability studies in the context of climate change with bibliometric method and scientific mapping technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish physician Michael Servetus, who is considered as the founder of Unitarian Universalist Association, stood out in the history of Christianity with his antitrinitarian opinions Servetus, who criticised the Trinity in many of his works, was first declared a "heretic" on the grounds that he departed from the mainstream theological line of Christianity, which was pro-Trinitarian, and then burned to death in the city centre of Geneva in 1553 as a result of Calvin's directives. A closer look at Servetus' views reveals that he based his anti-trinitarian views on the Bible. However, it is remarkable that he sometimes refers to ancient Greek philosophers, sometimes to early church fathers, sometimes to Jewish and sometimes to Islamic literature in order to substantiate his claims. The idea of the Trinity has consistently been denied by some theologians and some groups throughout the history of Christianity on the grounds that it violates the monotheistic tenet. The Ebionites, Dynamic Monarchians, or Arians are instances in the context of Early and Late Antiquity. In this sense, Michael Servetus, a Spanish physician and theologian, is equally significant. Christian Michael Servetus (1509–1553) denied the Trinity as a central tenet of Christianity. He is not the only Christian in history to reject the doctrine of the Trinity, but what distinguishes him as significant is that he made significant contributions to the field of medicine and that serious writings about his theological beliefs have persisted to the present day. In the Christian world, there have always been approaches that root Servetus' anti-trinitarian ideas in Arius. As is known, Arius lived in the IVth century and his ideas on the relationship between God and Christ caused great controversy at the time. However, it does not seem possible to accept Servetus as a follower of Arius. As a matter of fact, when Arius' theological views are examined, it is seen that there are very obvious differences between him and Servetus. Whether Servetus may be classified as an Arians is the most crucial point that this article aims to solve. It is also crucial to consider whether or whether Arius and Servetus' perspectives are in agreement, as well as how similar or unlike they are. We must first understand the content of Arius' and Servetus' christological explanations in order to uncover the solutions to the pertinent problems. In order to determine whether there is a relationship between Arius' and Servetus' viewpoints, this essay compares them. It has been noted that neither western literature nor our country's literature has conducted an seperate investigation of the topic. The paper makes an effort to fill this vacuum in the literature on this particular occasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it is aimed to determine the awareness level of the elements registered in the name of Turkey in the list created within the scope of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, in terms of "recognition" and "experience", and to present suggestions for the safeguarding, sustainability and transmission of cultural heritage to next generations based on the awareness level. In this respect, the online survey developed based on the literature was applied to the citizens of Republic of Turkey aged over 20 between January 24 - March 28, 2021. The survey questions only consist of the elements in the Representative List. A total of 1550 people from seven regions of Turkey responded to the survey. Descriptive statistics and Importance-Performance Analysis were used to analyze the data. As a priority, in the list created within the scope of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, the public awareness and experience levels of nineteen intangible cultural heritage elements registered in the name of Turkey have been determined and the awareness level of each intangible cultural heritage elements has been identified. As a result of the analysis of the data, the intangible cultural heritage elements are located in the Familiarity- Experience matrix. According to the findings obtained as a result of the positioning, 5 intangible cultural heritage elements with a high level of awareness were identified: "Turkish Coffee and Tradition", "Karagöz", "Nevruz", "Flatbread Making and Sharing Tradition: Lavash, Katırma, Jupka, Yufka" and "Spring Festival Hıdırellez". The "familiarity" and "experience" levels of these elements are high and it is important to carry out studies for their safeguarding and sustainability. It has been determined that five intangible cultural heritage elements with high "familiarity" levels and low "experience" levels have a partial awareness level. These elements are; "Kırkpınar Oil Wrestling Festival", "Marbling: Turkish Paper Decoration Art", "Dede Korkut-Korkut Ata Heritage: Culture, Legends and Music", "Mevlevi Sema Ceremonies" and "The Tradition of Minstrelsy". It is important to concentrate on these elements and make an effort to develop them. It has been determined that the remaining 9 intangible cultural heritage elements have very low levels of both "familiarity" and "experience". It is necessary to take serious measures to ensure that these elements are not forgotten and disappeared by the society. These elements with very low awareness in the society are as follows; "Mesir Macunu Festival", "Miniature Art", "Traditional Conversation Meetings (Yaren, Barana, Sira Nights etc.)", "Traditional Tile Art", "Traditional Turkish Archery", "Meddah Tradition", "Alevi-Bektashi Ritual Semah", "Traditional Ceremonial Keskek" and "Traditional Intelligence and Strategy Game: Togyzqumalaq, Toguz Korgool, Mangala/Göçürme". Based on these findings, in order to increase the awareness level of intangible cultural heritage elements and to keep them alive, it is thought that it is necessary to use the media effectively, to raise awareness of the society from childhood, and the state to encourage and support activities in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finite element analysis and computer-aided engineering methods have an essential role in modern research and development projects. Although proper element selection for the modeling type is critical for the accuracy of simulations, the selection process might be difficult for researchers in some cases where geometric conditions are challenging. The main objective of this paper is to present the differences in simulation results when three-dimensional cubic and two-dimensional quadrilateral elements are used for the modeling of spot-welded components. Following the modeling of shear specimens having two spot welds with different element types, static analysis, and high cycle fatigue simulations at three different dynamic load cases have been run within the context of this study. Displacement, stress values and tensors, as well as high cycle fatigue life have been evaluated as the output of analysis, and deviations due to different element types have been reported. Accuracy levels of different element types have been determined by comparing the life obtained by simulations with high cycle fatigue tests. The studies conducted within the content of this paper indicate that the rigid spot weld modeling with two dimensional quadrilateral elements give better consistency with the fatigue tests in comparison with the modeling with three dimensional cubical elements. The modeling procedures of correlated high cycle fatigue simulations have been detailed for spot welding, which is one of the most applied methods in aviation, automotive and marine industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many words witnessed in the historical Turkish dialects or only in the Old Uyghur Turkish. One of them is the verb yaktur- arose to reproduce works to spread Buddhism. The word is not found in texts with Runic letters. The reason for this may be due to the fact that paper and printing techniques are not used in the writing of these texts. In the explanations given by the researchers, the origin of yaḳtur- is not entirely clear. This verb is mostly seen in Old Uyghur Turkish with the meaning 'to get books, copies etc. printed or to print'. The word in question is not found in texts with Runic letters. This may be due to the fact that paper and printing techniques are not used in Runic letter texts. We think that yaktur- 'to get books, magazines, etc. printed’ can be combined with the verbs *ya- and yak- in terms of root, meaning and structure. For this reason, the relationship between the meanings "to print books, copies etc." with the verbs *ya- "to approach", yak- to "approach", yak- to "drive, to rub" have been examined and explanations have been made in terms of etymology, structure and semantics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union’s (EU) Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance on Rural Development (IPARD) program that came into effect in 2007 has been applied in Türkiye since 2011. The aim of IPARD is to increase the amount of regionally suitable investments through local initiatives. In this respect, IPARD has great potential to act as leverage in agriculture and rural development. However, this evaluation must figure out how these grants are utilized. This study seeks to answer whether EU funds have a leveraging effect on rural development. Accordingly, the paper aims to analyze the distribution patterns of IPARD grants in Türkiye and to investigate whether or not regional discrepancies exist among the types of grants. This paper covers the period of IPARD II from 2016-2020 in detail due to detailed information (i.e., city, grant type) only being able to be found regarding IPARD II. Correspondingly, the article descriptively analyzes the total of 4,028 projects that were supported between 2016-2020. In conclusion, some cities (i.e., Konya, Samsun, Afyonkarahisar) are seen to have outshined others, with less-developed cities in Eastern Türkiye in particular having received fewer grants than others. Another important conclusion of this study is that the amount of grants under the heading of Measures for Farm Diversification and Business Development was greater than for other headings. This indicates that a new path should be created for Türkiye’s rural development, one that is based not solely on agriculture but also on agriculture-related sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yünüm Böğet is one of the many shepherd festivals in Anatolia, like koç katımı, kırkım töreni (wool shearing) which was registered in the National Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory under the category of seasonal traditional celebrations. This tradition, which essentially aims to wash and clean the sheeps, is an extension of nomadic traditions of Turkish tribes related to the cults about animals such as saya gezme and saya mani. Yünüm böğet is celebrated like a competition in Hasanpaşa Village in Burdur. However, unlike many other animal festivals, it is the shepherds who compete, and the relationship based on trust between the lead sheep (elcik koyunu) and the shepherd determine the winner. It is believed that the lead sheep will not hesitate to leap into cold water behind the shepherd if the shepherd has taken good care of his flock. Washing the sheep in water and confessions of the shepherd for redemption for the harm given to the crops in the fields while grazing the flock when he enters the water forms the core values of this tradition. With this festival, shared memories of Tos Tos ritual, entertainments with local singers and folk dances, folk poems which are read during water crossing ceremony, and rituals of redemption are passed on to the next generations. The festival ends with an award ceremony in which a proverb toprakla koyun, gerisi oyun (land and sheep, the rest is vain) is reminded to express that the entertainments and competitions are only instruments to continue tradition. Traditions guide us in finding solutions to the ecological problems rooted in modern anthropocentrism by embedding and preserving human-nature relationship and our perceptions about this special bond. Traditional practises which embody respect in natural cults, the traces of a holistic view of the universe, and the roots of principles of bio-ethics show us that the main cause of the problem is distancing and alienation of humans from the nature. Passing the message of traditions which make up cultural ecological legacy to future generations is of utmost importance in developing ethical behaviours about the environment and animals. Preservation of these cultural assets not only provide a link between the past and the future of the communities, but also reinforce a feeling of belongingness and identity, and add value and meaning to the lives of local people. Such cultural practices support social integration and solidarity, and protects the diversity of local cultures. Scientific studies help to preserve these cultural assets by registering and exploring authentic natures of cultural heritages. At the same time, these cultural values are unique sources of anonymous data with their embedded information about living conditions, daily lives, world views, and belief systems of communities. Within this context, the aim of this paper is to contribute to raising awareness about sustainability of yünüm böğet, based on an understanding of its function in the relationship between human and nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, researchers have started to be interested in population-based swarm-based algorithms in optimization due to their simple structure, high optimization performance, and ease of adaptation. Although swarm-based algorithms solve continuous optimization problems, they can also be used to solve binary optimization problems. In continuous optimization, the search space variables try to approach the optimal value, while in discrete optimization, the search space variables are fixed and expressed with real values. In binary optimization, the decision variables take values of 0 and 1 and are basically in the discrete optimization class. In this paper, the proposed Rat Swarm Algorithm (RSA) to solve continuous optimization problems is examined. RSA is an algorithm based on swarm intelligence. RSA was developed by imitating the chasing and attacking behaviors of rats. In this study, the original RSA was updated again to solve binary optimization problems and Binary RSA (BinRSA) was proposed. In BinRSA, four U-shaped and four T-shaped transfer functions are used while converting the continuous search field values to binary values. Thus, eight variants of BinRSA were obtained. These are named as BinRSA1, BinRSA2, BinRSA3, BinRSA4, BinRSA5, BinRSA6, BinRSA7 and BinRSA8. Among these variants, the most successful variant of BinRSA was determined as BinRSA6. Then the BinRSA6 variant was developed by adding crossover and mutation operators and was named GBinRSA. GBinRSA's performance has been tested in knapsack problems. In addition, the success of GBinRSA was compared with different heuristic algorithms selected from the literature. According to the results obtained, it has been seen that the solution quality of the proposed algorithm is effective and comparable. The results showed that GBinRSA is a preferred heuristic for binary optimization problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PRNU (Photo Response Non-Uniformity), a noise pattern unique to each camera sensor, is one of the critical tools exploited for the forensic analysis of digital images and videos. Source camera attribution, the most widespread application of PRNU, is based on distinctive PRNU characteristics even of the same brand and model cameras and the inherent integration of this pattern into each exposed image or video frame as a camera fingerprint. It can be discovered whether a suspected camera may be the source of a query image or video based on a similarity test between the PRNU noise estimated from the query image/video and the reference PRNU of the camera that can be obtained accurately from a set of still-scene, e.g., wall or sky, images. In contrast to the images, low-quality encoding of digital video frames affects the accuracy of the estimated PRNU noise from video and hence of the similarity analysis. In this context, it may be wise to obtain the reference PRNU from images rather than videos for performance efficiency when working with source camera attribution for videos. However, images and videos are recorded in different aspect ratios and/or resolutions even though they are shot with the same source camera. Therefore, the reference PRNU obtained through images should be converted to the form corresponding to the same photosensitive cells as the query video PRNU noise. This paper proposes a technique to precisely estimate the scaling and cropping parameters leading to this geometric conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various late Ottoman contributions to the history of science have been identified as pioneering works in the field. However, contributions from two late Ottoman intellectuals, namely Ahmed Cevdet Pasha (d.1895) and Ahmed Midhat Efendi (d.1912), have hitherto been neglected. In fact, both wrote works that dealt with the history of science. Cevdet Pasha translated the last chapter of Ibn Khaldun’s (d. 1406) Muqaddimah, which he considered as a kind of history of science and made original contributions to the account, while Ahmed Midhat translated John Draper’s (d.1882) History of the Conflict between Religion and Science, which contains Midhat’s own addendums. This paper, however, draws attention to one work that brings together Ahmed Cevdet’s and Ahmed Midhat’s interest in the history of science, Cevdet’s review of Ahmed Midhat’s unpublished work titled Tarih-i Ulûm [The History of the Sciences]. Cevdet Pasha’s draft review of Tarih-i Ulûm is actually preserved in the Ottoman Archives in Istanbul. By considering Cevdet’s acute analysis of some concepts such as ‘ilm [science], fann [discipline], ma‘ârif [knowledge of particulars], sınâ‘at [arts], and san‘at [crafts] and his still relevant warnings for writing about the history of science in the Islamic and Ottoman periods, I closely analyze the review and provide a transcription of the document in the addendum. I conclude that Cevdet Pasha’s review indicates that late Ottoman laudatory and many times critical reviews (taqrīds) contain narratives about the history of science and thus should be placed within that literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide Edib is an important figure in the world of literature in Turkey. In her literary works, she emphasizes a society beyond the East-West dichotomy that preoccupied Turkey for many years and the possibility of such a society. The element that helps her overcome this dichotomy is liberalism. In Edib's liberalism, which sometimes oscillates between nationalism and conservatism, the freedom of the individual and opinion, and the principle of the rule of law that will ensure this freedom have an important place. Against authoritarian regimes, she states that the idea of individual and intellectual freedom will bring cultural richness to social life. To show the connection between freedom and the rule of law in Edib's relationship with liberalism, it is essential to look at her detective works Yolpalas Cinayeti (1937) and Kızıl Hançerler (1964), which have not been included in considerations of Edib's literature so far, because they address the relationship between crime and the individual directly; here, how the law works is accompanied by the knowledge of how the individual uses it in favor of her own freedom. In this paper, the relationship between her association of the freedom of the community and the individual with crime through her hardboiled novels, and her changing liberal ideas over the years will be discussed, and the relationship between the connection of her hardboiled novels with the rule of law, which forms the basis of her liberal ideas, and the fact that she wrote the first of these works outside Turkey and the second in Turkey will be highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the acceptance of women as “shaman” in North and Central Asian Shamanism in the Middle Ages and as “witch” in Continental Europe in the Late Middle Ages in healing practices, their causes and consequences are examined. Historical evidence and indicators of the fact that mankind is interested in its environment at every period of the cultural process, is interested in unknown, mysterious and mystical events and wants to be present in them are discussed. Nowadays, more are regarded as superstition, magic, in the historical process mystical, mysterious and society in extraordinary ways “the secret forces”, as most fundamentally treatment (healing) for the purpose of making, carrying, over time, that can not be achieved in known ways to achieve things, to harm someone, or a team to protect from harm and the secret mystical practices using nature and the laws of nature are applied for the purpose of influencing force are discussed with examples. It has been revealed that spells and magicians were called by different names at different times and geographies. It has been determined that shamanism and witchcraft, which are based on magic and healing (healing) and developed within this framework, also exist with opposite perceptions in different geographies and affect societies. On the other hand, it has been seen that the roles, duties and responsibilities assigned to the sexes determine the positions of men and women in society. In line with these roles, women were sometimes seen to be deified, and sometimes they were thought to be the main source of evil. In this direction, the women who applied the healing practices were evaluated as good in the position of shaman and bad in the position of witch. Shamans and Witch as the determination and evaluation of the social position of women in two different locations and two different identity to represent two contrasting phenomenon, the perception of women in society and history, which shows that this difference can vary how much we think it is important for women and contribute to. For this reason, the paper tries to show that women, who exist in all areas of society, are generally representations of two opposite concepts (good-evil) in different societies as shamans and witches. It has been discussed why the woman who heals the sick with the identity of a shaman is considered sacred and represents goodness, while the woman who initially heals is considered cursed with the identity of a witch and represents evil. Thus, the positioning of women in the context of shaman/witch, good /evil has emerged as an example of the opposite roles that they impose on individuals of the same gender in two different cultures. At the same time, the paper aims to determine how and to what extent the perception of women varies from society to society. In short, this study, which affected at different times and societies are shaped with the same basis, despite the fact that the craft barn and different from the properties of the perceived women as shamans and witch contributions to society through representation in a broad historical perspective of the good and evil are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the period from the eighteenth to the twentieth century, electrotherapy was applied worldwide with various incidence and different results. The application of electrotherapy is an indicator of the acquisition and transfer of knowledge from the basic sciences (physics) to medicine and the transfer and adoption of treatment procedures from foreign environments to our own. In Croatia, the earliest information on electrotherapy came from advertising electrotherapy devices in the daily newspapers. It was followed by lessons on electricity, as well as the possibilities of its application mostly written by physicists in their popular publications. Croatian doctors’ publications about their experiences were first uncovered in 1897 on the pages of the professional journal Liječnički Vjesnik. This paper elaborates on the publications written during the first half of the 20th century. From the very beginning, this method has been accompanied by debates about its effectiveness and justification for its use, which have continued until today. The preserved electrotherapeutic devices presented in this paper are an important addition to medical historiography and a valuable segment of material medical culture, traces of which have been preserved in Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, membrane-based tubular liquid desiccant dehumidification system was designed, and its dehumidification performance was investigated. In the manufactured system, two different membranes, synthetic sausage casing and Tyvek® Solid were used. The air Reynolds number (Re) was varied during the experiments to investigate effect of air velocity on the system performance. In addition, temperature changes in the membrane were observed by images taken with thermal camera. According to the experimental data obtained, the dehumidification efficiency of the system was calculated in between 4.5-6% at 200 Re number for synthetic sausage casing and approximately 18.5% at the same Re number for Tyvek® Solid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People who are able to understand and explain the religion of Islam are in a position in which they should know commands that are predicted by the Holy Quran and Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). They should know well of the methods of communication that Prophet Muhammad (Pbuh) used. Moreover, they should consider the structure of a person and develop suitable communication skills by considering his interests, desires and ambitions. Otherwise, it would not be possible to provide an influential example or message on the believers. In this study, the communication of Imam Hatip and muezzin kayyims, who perform religious duties under the service of the Directorate of Religious Affairs (DIB) with their colleagues and the society, especially their superiors in the provincial organization, is specifically addressed through the example of narratives. Muftis regarded as the first superiors of Imam Hatips who have just started their profession, institutions in their areas of service, principals, youngsters, middle and elder age groups, immigrants and their families are shown how exemplary communication should be. In addition, this study not only aims to examine the difficulties that religious officials face in this field, but it also proposes solutions to these problems. In order to strengthen the sense of belonging of the presidential staff, the responsibilities of the institutional structure and the duties/influence of the staff is highlighted. In this manner, being as "inviter" in religious sense, the religious officials will be carefully explained the utter importance of their task, which in turn enables them to cope with the possible problems they deal with. Moreover, this paper aims to guide religious officials who serve to preach Islamic faith, worship God, and better their moral principles even in the remotest corners of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of Islamic economic order, which may be defined as an economic system that operates in complete conformity with Islamic tradition and religion, is steadily becoming more and more popular and diverse. The utilization of financial tools and fundamental strategies created from the standpoint of Islamic law is highlighted in Islamic Finance at this stage. Basic financial needs nevertheless exist among market participants, just as they do in traditional financial markets, despite the fact that interest, garar, and gambling bans are all taken into account as part of Islamic finance's major principles. Islamic financial instruments are being currently produced as an alternative to standard financial instruments to fulfill the demands in other sectors including money and capital markets. In this context, Takaful (Islamic insurance) has been developed as an alternative to insurance transactions applied using traditional methods, in an effort to try and eliminate risk, to find a cure for the future's uncertainty, and to prevent the interruption of both individual and commercial activities, within the confines of Islamic law. In contrast to conventional insurance, Takaful (Islamic insurance) operates within the bounds of its own principles and norms and is free from elements like interest, risk, and gambling that are against Islamic law. Islamic insurance is founded on the tenets of using non-interest market mechanisms to evaluate premiums obtained from shareholders and insured parties, aiding one another, and choosing economic assets that are not deemed immoral or improper in situations for which insurance coverage is provided. Islamic insurance comes in a variety of forms, each with its own guiding principles. Although all of these models adhere to the sharia-compliant contract forms, the wakalah, mudaraba, and hybrid models are the most often employed ones (mixed takaful, which is a combination of these two models). While the relatively constant size of the Takaful markets between 2015 and 2019 is noticeable, it is important to recognize that this size may expand quickly in the years to come. Also, the Middle East and North African nations of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, Iran, and Egypt top the list of places where these applications are most often utilized. The takaful industry in Turkey now has a fund size of more than 2 billion USD. Given the recent growth of attention in Islamic insurance as well as the market's potential for expansion, both the methodologies and the instruments produced have been broadened, and the number of scholarly publications has expanded. The research's objective is to analyze the academic literature on Islamic insurance in the WOS database using bibliometric and visualization techniques, and to present a contextual analysis. Tables were used to convey information about the years, number of citations, authors, subject areas, categories, and nationalities of the research on the topic. The VOSViewer tool was also used to illustrate the analyses. The findings demonstrate that the least studies were conducted in 2010, and the most were completed in 2019. The greatest number of articles were published in the field of takaful. In addition, it has come to light that Malaysia is the country with the highest number of papers published worldwide. The most popular keywords were Takaful, Islamic insurance, and Islamic finance, Malaysia produced the most articles in the nation mapping, and Billah was the most referenced author with the strongest links, according to the visualization data. When we look at the research as a whole, we can see that the market participants' interest in the expanding Takaful industry has grown in this direction in academic studies, which means that both theoretical and practical applications are moving in the same way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]