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Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economic Science / Jingji Kexue is the property of Economic Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper used the theoretical tool of knowledge bases, constructed the index system from five dimensions of production, consumption, labor market, foreign trade and innovation to explore the spatial evolution of economic resilience and the impacts of different knowledge bases on regional economic resilience in the Pearl River Delta. The results are as follows: ①Industrial knowledge bases are differentiated into five types: analytical knowledge base, symbolic knowledge base, analytical-synthetic knowledge base, synthetic-analytical-symbolic knowledge base, and synthetic-symbolic-analytical knowledge base. ②From 2005 to 2019, the region‐ al economic resilience level of central cities increased noticeably, while that of the eastern and western cities decreased. As a whole, the spatial structure of economic resilience changes from the "double core" of the central and eastern regions to the "single core" of the central regions. ③ The specialization of analytical knowledge base and proportional equalization of knowledge bas‐ es significantly improve regional economic resilience, while the specialization of symbolic knowledge base and synthetic-symbolic-analytical knowledge base go against the improvement of economic resilience. ④Research and development resources have significant positive effects on the improvement of economic resilience, while economic scale has negative effect. Through the innovative source of knowledge production, understanding and identifying the differences in economic resilience performance of cities with different innovative characteristics can provide a new framework and ideas for the differentiated strategy of enhancing regional resilience and path selection of sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geography & Geographic Information Science is the property of Geography & Geo-Information Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economic Science / Jingji Kexue is the property of Economic Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

High-tech industry and commodity trade are the direct embodiment of a country or region's scientific and technological innovation strength. Based on the data from the UN Com‐ trade, this paper selected four years of 2003, 2008, 2013 and 2018 to build a global high-tech products trade network, analyzed and summarized the development situation, network structure characteristics and development trend of international trade in the high-tech industry. Based on the trade gravity model, technology gap theory and multi-dimensional proximity analysis, this paper used the QAP regression analysis method to study the influencing factors on the trade of high-tech products. The results show that: (1) the global trade volume of high-tech products is increasing, the network scale is expanding, and trade ties are becoming closer and more active. (2) The trade network presents the phenomenon of central polarization, forming the network structure of "three reunion cores" with China as the center in East and Southeast Asia, the United States as the center in North America and Germany as the center in Europe, showing the coexistence of "hub and spoke backbone network" and "radial regional network". (3)The technological gap and economic gap between the two countries play a positive role in promoting commodity trade, while geographical distance, language difference and institutional difference inhibit commodity trade, but the impact is weakening. The contribution of this paper is to explore the characteristics and evolution trend of global high-tech product trade network, and to explore the influencing factors of commodity trade from the dynamic and relational perspectives, which has certain policy implications for the development of high-tech industry and commodity trade in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Geoscientica Sinica is the property of Acta Geoscientica Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Food production is crucial to the national transportation and people's livelihood, and food security is the top priority in governing the country. From grain production capacity and grain business entities, China's food rations are self-sufficient and the planting structure has been further optimized. However, there are still realistic difficulties in grain production, such as tighter constraints on ecological resources, low enthusiasm of grain business entities to grow grain, and increase risks of uncertainty in international trade, which have brought considerable impact on China's grain production. So this paper proposed to further implement the strategy of "storing grain on the ground, storing grain in technology", cultivate new food production and operation entities to adapt to the new era, and improve the ability of risk prevention and control and subsidy guarantee to ensure the long-term sustainable food security in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Forestry Economy is the property of China Forestry Economy Magazine Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

⑴ Background——China is the largest importer and fifth largest exporter of wood forest products, while the United States is the second largest importer and largest exporter of wood forest products in the world. Meanwhile, the US is the largest export and import trade partner of China’s wood forest products. The Sino-US trade friction initiated by the US in March 2018 involves the vast majority of wood forest products. Existing studies mainly focus on the impact of Sino-US trade friction on bilateral wood forest products trade and profit and loss, ignoring its overall impact on China’s international wood forest products trade. Measurement and analysis of the impact of Sino-US trade friction on China’s international trade of wood forest products is helpful for us to take corresponding measures to cope with the challenge of the Sino-US trade friction and ensure stable and healthy development of China’s wood forest products industry and international trade.⑵ Methods——From the three aspects of demand, supply and trade, 8 indicators that may have a great impact on import and 11 indicators that may have a great impact on export are selected. Based on the data from 2002 to 2017,the grey correlation analysis method is used to measure the grey correlation coefficient between different influencing factors and the import and export trade level of China’s overall wood forest products and the import and export trade level of the main wood forest products. Selecting strong correlation indicators to construct Multi-variable Grey Model MGM（1,N）,“Counterfactual reasoning method” is used to measure and analyze the impact of Sino-US trade friction since 2018 on the import and export of China’s wood forest products as a whole and the import and export of main wood forest products.⑶ Results——With the implementation of multiple rounds tariffs imposed by China and the US, under the dual effects of large country effect and the substitution effect of import and export markets, except for paper, paper products and wood products, trade amount and quantity of the import and export of China’s most wood forest products first increase and then decrease significantly. Further research shows that Sino-US trade friction significantly reduces the import cost of China’s main wood forest products, but has a large negative impact on China’s imports of logs and sawn timbers, it endangers China’s wood import safety, and worsens the export trade conditions of China’s main wood forest products, but the impact is quite different. China’s wooden furniture and plywood exports show a bad trend of an increase in export volume and a decrease in export prices. It can be seen that the profits from China’s wood forest products import trade increase significantly, while the profits from China’s wooden furniture and plywood export trade is damaged severely, and the export of China’s wooden furniture and plywood faces severe challenges.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——China should recognize the positive and negative impacts of Sino-US trade friction, and accelerate the implementation of the “double cycle” strategy while continuing to strengthen the import diversification of logs and sawn timbers, reducing the high dependence on foreign timber resources and changing the export mode of “large quantity and low price” of Chinese wooden furniture and plywood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air cargo is an important strategic resource of country and plays an indispensable role in domestic and international trade. Scientific forecasting of air cargo demand is an important basis for airlines to make infrastructure planning and overall investment decisions. Aiming at the uncertainty of air cargo volume data, this paper introduced Bootstrap method for uncertainty estimation and proposed an interval prediction method based on decomposition integration from the practical needs. Specifically, this paper decomposed the historical data by Seasonal and Trend Decomposition using Loess (STL) method firstly, then forecasted the trend and seasonal components by Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), respectively. Thirdly, this paper extracted and resampled the white noise component by Bootstrap method. Finally, the prediction results were integrated and reconstructed with the processed white noise to quantify uncertainty using quantile construction intervals. The experimental results of cargo data from two hub airports in China show that the constructed interval can effectively quantify the uncertainty in combination with the predicted results, which provides a novel research idea for probabilistic interval prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Differences in global value chain division of labor lead to the unequal phenomenon between the economic benefits and environmental costs of different countries in international trade, resulting in the carbon inequality of international trade. This paper used a multi-regional input-output model to track the carbon emissions and value-added transfer caused by international trade, and used the distance evaluation method to construct an inter-regional carbon transfer inequality index based on the net transfer relationship between the two, and analyzed the static distribution characteristics and dynamic evolution trend of global trade carbon inequality. It is found that developed European countries, such as Germany, Britain, France and Italy, have out sourced 43%~59% of consumption-based carbon emissions to other countries, while more than 80% of value-added triggered by these region's final consumption was retained within the region, thereby realizing a win-win situation in economy and environment. However, due to the disadvantage of industrial structure in China and other developing countries, the net inflow of added value is much smaller than the net inflow of carbon emissions, thereby suffering carbon transfer inequality from developed countries. Moreover, the inequality between developed countries and developing countries is relatively large, while that between developed countries is relatively small. However, with the development of economic globalization, global trade carbon inequality has improved during the study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science / Nongyaoxue Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper empirically investigates how manufacturing firms' importing and exporting activities are connected to within-firm average wages and wage inequality. Using a unique employer-employee matched data set created by linking detailed customs data from Taiwanese firms on imports and exports with corporate income tax files, employee wage data from personal income tax, and labor insurance data for the period of 2007 to 2016, our findings suggest that firms' participation in importing and exporting as well as the value of imports and exports have a positive association with firms' average wage and wage dispersion. Further, we use a quantile regression model to analyze the relation between importing or exporting activities and wage at different wage percentiles. Our empirical evidence suggests that the importing and exporting premium is larger for higher wage percentiles than for lower wage percentiles. These findings indicate that international trade is more beneficial for higher wage workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Forestry Economy is the property of China Forestry Economy Magazine Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the in-depth implementation of China’s One Belt One Road initiative and the signing of the RCEP, the position of ASEAN in China’s international trade is more prominent. In order to strengthen the economic and trade cooperation between Chongqing and ASEAN, and give full play to the leading role of Chongqing in promoting China’s One Belt One Road, this paper reviewed the trade development between Chongqing and ASEAN countries in the past 20 years, and found that the bilateral trade has experienced two stages of steady development and blowout growth, and showed three characteristics: rapid growth of trade volume, continuous narrowing of trade surplus and strengthening of complementarity of trade division. However, in the process of promoting the trade development between Chongqing and ASEAN, Chongqing also faces five problems: poor matching of cost-efficiency in transportation and logistics, relatively lagging function construction of opening platforms, insufficient comparative advantage of export commodity structure, poor channel of policy integration innovation and mutual recognition of standards, and large gap in the construction of urban international supporting system. Therefore, to further strengthen the economic and trade cooperation between Chongqing and ASEAN, the research suggests that measures should be taken from five aspects of “transportation connectivity, platform mutual construction and promotion, industry complementarity and mutual integration, policy exchange and mutual recognition, and city mutual integration and mutual learning”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fashion industry has played a positive role in meeting fashion demand but it has also caused a lot of resource waste and ecological damage. At present the research on sustainable clothing consumption mostly focuses on incentive measures influencing factors and mechanisms and guiding strategies while the research on used clothing trade is insufficient. According to the international trade data a complex network is established between the import and export volume and the corresponding relationship between partners but there are few analyses on the used clothing import and export trade network. International trade is an important circulation channel of global used clothing. The analysis of global used clothing trade volume and network characteristics is helpful to grasp the trend of sustainable clothing consumption. In order to reveal the development characteristics of global used clothing trade this paper based on the international trade data from 2011 to 2020 analyzes the export trade import trade and per capita trade volume constructs the used clothing trade network and analyzes the network characteristics. The study found that from 2011 to 2020 the global import weight of used clothes was the highest in 2014 and the global import turnover of used clothes was the highest in 2018. In 2020 both the import weight and the import values of used clothes fell sharply. From 2016 to 2020 Pakistan Ukraine Kenya the Netherlands Russia Guatemala Poland the United Arab Emirates and India were the countries with the highest imports of used clothes in the world. From 2016 to 2020 Pakistan's used clothing import volume ranked first in the world. While the United States the United Kingdom Germany South Korea and China remained the top five countries in the export of used clothes in the world and China came second in the export of used clothes in 2020. Countries importing much used clothing per capita and having a high import trade volume regarding used clothing had low per capita GDP while most countries exporting much used clothing per capita and having a high export trade volume regarding used clothing were in the middle level of per capita GDP. Although China ranked fourth in used clothing exports in 2019 its per capita exports were only 3 percent of those of the United States. Pakistan had the highest total import volume and many import trading partners while the United States not only had the highest total export volume but also had the most export trading partners. Research based on open international trade data is more suitable for macro-level analysis but it is difficult to deeply explore the internal causes of trade volume changes in representative countries and representative years. In the future the driving factors of used clothing import and export volume and the evolution of trade network characteristics can be deeply analyzed based on the official data of textile industry circular economy industry organizations and representative countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the operation of cocoon silk in 2019 from the aspects of industrial economic operation of cocoon silk,export of silk trade,and cocoon silk trading market,finding that although the industry has gradually entered the adjustment stage,the downward pressure and risks of the economy are increasing. However,the tenacity and vitality accumulated over the long-term development of the industry still exist. The year 2020 is an ending year for the Ministry of Commerce to implement the " The Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Development of the Cocoon and Silk Industry",and it is also a crucial year for the strategic planning of the 14 thFive-year Plan. Affected by complex factors such as international trade protectionism and the global outbreak of COVID-19,the world economy may enter a slow track in 2020. To this end,it is recommended that enterprises in the industry should pay close attention to changes in the domestic and foreign markets,do a good job of economic trend research and judgment,and raise the awareness of risk prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background--In Sino-US trade frictions, China imposed tariffs on some timber imports from the United States, which inhibited the import of American timber. With the abolition of tariffs, it will inevitably have an impact on the imports of China's sawn timber and log. ⑵ Methods--Based on the monthly data of sawn timber and log imports in China from January 2010 to February 2021. In this paper, the dynamic Rotterdam model is used to calculate the compensation price elasticity and non-compensation price elasticity of China's import demand for sawn timber and log from different countries. (3) Results--①In terms of the compensation cross-price elasticity of various wood products from different sources, the cross-price effects of wood products from different countries in the short / long term are all complementary. ②China's timber import elasticity of expenditure is remarkable, and sawn timber import market concentration will decline in the long term. In the future, China will increase imports of log from New Zealand, Russia and the United States, and the import market will be more concentrated. ③China's demand elasticity for American log imports is flexible, and China will greatly increase its imports of American log. In the long run, China will increase the import dependence on American log and sawn timber, especially on American log. ④ With the exception of Thailand sawn timber, China's self-price elasticity of imports of sawn timber and log from other countries is positive and inelastic, indicating a modest increase in China's import demand for these timber products as prices rise. ⑤The core competition of future timber market is not price competition, but market share. The core competition factors are stable supply-demand relationship and stable trade policy. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions--With the increasingly prominent contradiction between supply and demand of sawn timber and log in China, timber import demand will continue to grow. In the long run, China will reduce imports of Russian sawn timber, and sawn timber import market concentration will decline. In terms of China's sawn timber and log import market, as China's demand for imported timber continues to increase, imported sawn timber and log products will appear Giffen effect. The core competitiveness of China's imported timber market is not price competition. The stable timber supply and stable timber trade policies of exporting countries have a greater impact on China's timber imports. In addition, China imposes tariffs on imports of U. S. timber in trade frictions, which have a significant trade inhibitory effect on imports of U. S. timber. In the long term, China will increase its dependence on imports of American timber, especially of American log. The concentration of raw wood import market will increase. If the concentration of raw wood import market is too high, the timber exporters will implement the prohibition of logging and export restrictions, and China's raw wood import will be seriously affected. Therefore, China needs to adjust the source structure of log import and disperse the risk of log import. Although the concentration of sawn timber import market will decline, the risk of sawn timber import market is still large. In order to ensure the stable supply of timber resources in China and reduce trade risk, the diversification of import market should be realized. It is necessary to pay attention to measuring the export output elasticity of timber exporting countries, evaluating and tracking the supply security of major timber exporting countries, and reducing the import risks of log and sawn timber. Finally, we should strengthen foreign trade negotiations with timber exporters, establish good foreign trade relations, and promote the stability of the timber trade environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of the development of global economic integrations complex tea trade network relationship was established between countries around the world. Based on the complex network analysis method, this paper dynamically analyzed the global tea trade network from 1987 to 2019, mainly explored the structural characteristics of the network system, the changes of core nodes and trade lines and the pattern evolution of China's tea export market in order to better respond to changes of the global tea trade network and provide a useful reference for promoting China's tea trade. It is found as follows. 1) The global tea production and trade volume was growing steadily, and the trade network was increasingly close, but the international tea trade competition was more intense. 2) Countries including Kenya, China, Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Argentina and Malawi are the major tea export countries in the world, countries including the United Kingdom, Russia, Pakistan, the United States, Egypt, Iran and UAE are the world's major tea importers, a number of countries like the United Kingdom, the United States, France and China are important transfer stations of global tea trade and the United States has become the largest transfer station. In addition, countries that have a tea production base to support exports are still at the lower end of the global tea trade value chain, while countries that rely on imports to transform exports, that is, countries with a high degree of betweenness centrality, have a stronger ability for tea deep processing and value promoting. 3) The average value of global tea trade on core trade lines continues to rise, but the overall proportion has declined, which doesn't show the phenomenon of "club convergence", and there is a relatively stable relationship of output and input between the two countries on the major trade lines of tea. 4) The overall performance of China s tea export trade is getting better, the order of the export proportion from high to low is Africa, Asia, Europe, America, Oceania. China's tea export market presents a multi-point scattered and partially concentrated distribution pattern, the export market has shrunk in Western Europe, East Asia, North America and other countries, and it has expanded in North Africa and West African coastal countries. There is an evolutionary trend of "multiple small markets accompany a supermarket", among them, Morocco is the absolute largest market for China s tea exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Resources / Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao is the property of Journal of Natural Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Capital Institute of Physical Education is the property of Shoudu Tiyu Xueyuan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Southern Yangtze University: Humanities & Social Sciences Edition is the property of Jiangnan Daxue and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on tanker management, with the relationship between the shipowners and the Republic of China's oil import policy. Initially there were insufficient tankers in Taiwan but relied on foreign supplies. The Government encouraged national tankers for guaranteeing strategic resources import. However, the tankers of national-flagged were disad vantaged in international expansion, as well as the official shipping protectionism, which made tanker pool s receive " lay-up sub sidies" during the slump period. Thi s paper concludes that special business-government relationship and political purposes prevented the a development of autonomous tanker market in Taiwan. Long term effect upon the tanker industry in Taiwan followed the official policy, in which the state expected to increase national flag sh ips for securing the energy import. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new input-output model, which is called non-competitive input-output model capturing foreign-funded enterprise and trade pattern. The model divides the economy into six parts in view of the great difference in production technology and structure between domestic enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises, and between processing export and non-processing export. The paper also compiled the corresponding table of 2007 for the new model, and estimated the different contribution of domestic enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises to China and the close relationship between them by using the new model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

& International travel is an important part of the international service trade. In the 21st century, travel and tourism have become of greater importance in both people's lives and in economic growth. China currently receives the greatest number of tourists and its citizens represent the largest tourist group worldwide. However, such growth is also associated with a growth in international travel contract disputes in the Chinese travel industry. A scientific application of the rules that govern such disputes can be used to appropriately resolve international travel disputes, safeguard the legal rights and interests of tourists, and promote the long-term development of the tourism industry. As travel contracts in China are essentially nameless contracts and international travel involves international consumption, this paper first explores the existing laws that apply to international travel contracts. Laws governing international consumers include those that apply to international travel contracts & laws from tourists ' habitual residence apply to travel contracts; if a traveler chooses the applicable laws of the locality where the goods or services are provided or if an operator has no relevant business operations at the habitual residence of the tourists, then the laws of the locality where the provision of goods or services occur shall apply. However, if the applicable laws mentioned above are contrary to China ' s public interests or directly applicable laws exist for international tourism, we should make use of the laws in China. This paper then compares the various techniques of law making worldwide, and identifies the limits of the application of laws in China to fulfiil their purpose. As in other countries, China's laws aim to provide necessary protection to consumers. However, in China the application of consumer contract law is quite different than in other countries. For example, in China these laws place strong limitations on the doctrine of autonomy of wiil, disregard the principle of the most significant relationship, and only include the laws from tourists ' habitual residences in some legislation. This results in rigid connection points that do not always satisfy the demands of tourists. In addition, such connection points are hard to identify when tourists are frequently travelling to many destinations. Finally, some conclusions are presented, including that China should establish special rules on the application of laws on international travel contracts. The following points should be emphasized when establishing such rules. (1) Tourists are the pursuers of their touring rights; therefore, China should follow the doctrine of autonomy of wiil, and respect the personal choices of tourists. (2) The law at the habitual residence of tourists is the most important reference when deciding rules to govern the application of laws. When parties cannot agree on the applicable laws, we should exploit the positive value of the laws at the habitual residence of tourists. (3) The doctrine of the most significant relationship should be adopted in our international travel contracts legislation when necessary. The principle of the most significant relationship provides judges with the discretion to choose the applicable law, which could help) to offer a greater protection of tourists' rights. To avoid the abuse of the doctrine of autonomy of wiil and the principle of the most significant relationship, we should follow the principle of acting to protect the weaker party. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the new millennium, two features have developed in China's macro-economy: The first is the close association of macroeconomic fluctuations with foreign demand shocks; the second is the addition of processing trade to the foreign demand structure and its eventual precedence over normal trade in gross value. Owing to the development of these two features, the classic International Real Business Cycles Theory has failed to explain China's macroeconomic fluctuation and meanwhile there has been little research on such a typical foreign demand structure. To fill the gap between theory and reality, this paper further categorizes the trade sector in the International Real Business Cycles Theory into processing trade and normal trade. Under such a categorization, two key assumptions are put forward: (1) the home elasticity of substitution for intermediate goods is relatively small in the processing trade sector; (2) the home value added for intermediate goods is relatively small in the processing trade sector. With these assumptions, two contradictory mechanisms of the home effect of foreign demand shocks emerge in partial equilibrium; Assumption 1 means that the processing trade sector is adjusted more readily in the case of foreign demand shocks; Assumption 2 means that it is adjusted less readily in that case. After calibrating and simulating the theoretical model, this paper examines the compound effect of the two contradictory mechanisms in general equilibrium. The results show that the foreign demand shocks in the processing trade sector more strongly affect China's investment and import/export, while those in the normal trade sector more strongly affect China's GDP. These results indicate a possible dilemma that the adjustment of China's foreign demand structure may encounter. In other words, the rise in the share of either the processing trade or normal trade will not reduce the influence of foreign demand shocks on China's macro-economy. The only difference lies in the fields affected most strongly by the shocks. As the model indicates, the dilemma in the macro-economy partially stems from the changes in China's foreign demand structure in the past decade, which reflects its comparative advantage in labor and technology in its participation in the global production process, a fundamental and constant fact. There is a need for greater tolerance for a more volatile Chinese macro-economy as it is the result of the encounter of economic fundamentals and globalization. It is necessary to explore new ways to reduce the volatility of Chinese economy, such as seeking bigger control in the global value chain and diversifying foreign markets. This paper is an attempt to incorporate China's foreign demand structure into an international real business cycle model, with the quantity characteristics of the processing trade and normal trade as the starting points of modeling. Future research may examine the links between different stages of the processing trade, which means that if one link in the supply of intermediate goods is affected, the whole production will be affected (the most famous example is the 2011 Fukushima earthquake, which led to an abrupt stop in the global semi-conductor industry). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1637, John Weddell's trade fleet arrived in Macao and tried to trade with the Chinese in Guangzhou, the first attempt of its kind by the British. Unfortunately, there were serious miscommunication problems, and a number of minor hostilities broke out between the two parties. It took the British six months to complete a small number of transactions, with a pledge made by Weddell that he would not step on Chinese soil again. This so-called Bogue Incident has attracted the attention of the historians, for it was the first direct contact between Britain and China. Although there are a number of studies on the incident, none pays attention to the issue of translating/interpreting. This is lamentable because in the incident the translator/interpreter from the Chinese side, a linguist bearing a Portuguese name, Paulo Norette, played a critical role in shaping the course of events. The present paper, by consulting first hand material in Chinese and English, examines the role of the translator in this important event in the history of Sino-British relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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