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The quick development of technology not only makes life easier but also raises several security concerns, so cyber security has become very important and vital research area, rather an inevitable part of computer system. Still, various research being done on the development of effective intrusion detection system (IDS). An IDS is one of the suspicious network activities. An IDS is used to identify many types of malicious actions that can undermine a computer system's protection and confidence. Recently, ensemble algorithms are applied in IDS in order to identify and classify the security threats. In this paper author intends to do a brief review of various Ensemble learning Algorithms in ML, which are most frequently used in IDS for several applications; with specific interest in dataset and metric. This work provides broad study and investigation on current literature, the gap for improving and creating efficient IDS can be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the interaction between human beings and computers has become an increasing field of research due to its wide application of computational systems. Determination of the current state of human psychological problems, one of the most relevant techniques is emotion recognition. The dynamic behavior of human is crucial for its interpretation. So, Facial emotion recognition (FER) is an important research area for detection the of different facial emotions. In this paper, we proposed an Unconstrained Minimum Average Correlation Energy (UMACE) filter as a classifier for facial emotion recognition. We are applying this proposed method in the CK+ database and it can give a better recognition rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, technical and statistical analysis of Smart Living, one of the most important aspects of the next generation, has been provided with detailed information. Smart living refers to using technology and the internet of things (IoT) to pursue a more efficient, controllable, and productive lifestyle. In this century, with the increase in the global population, smart living is a significantly important criterion to ensure equal opportunities for all. Here a complete overview and case implementation are discussed, followed by an analysis of statistical data about the demand for smart living from a Techno-Socio point of view. Lastly, a few aspects and issues of Smart Living have been discussed, and a proposal is given to improvise it further for future research and possible implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health of Livestock is one of the growing concerns in today's world due to the increased population and the increased need for Dairy products. So, a regular checkup is required to improve the cattle's life duration and be kept in good health. Many dairies and farms have many farm animals, making it tough to care for them and routinely monitor the health of dairy cattle. The livestock health monitoring system aims to monitor each cattle's health. In this system, we use the Internet of Things and machine learning to observe the aspects of cattle's physical characteristics like temperature, heart rate, etc. In this paper, we have discussed the existing approaches to monitoring cattle's health and location tracking. Finally, a method has been discussed to improve the efficiency of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For proper monitoring of irrigation system, a smarter way of looking into this is very necessary. In this paper a smarter irrigation system is proposed which can monitor the moisture level of the crops and according to that feed the water to the different crops in the field. This smart system is comprising with an Arduino board alongside with a moisture sensor. Alongside with the smart irrigation system implementation of the renewables is also added here, Pumps are being feed by the PV system for maximizing the profit in electricity bill for the farmers. Electricity bill without using the renewables and with renewables is compared here, considering the installation cost of the PV system. Battery storage system is also considered for the intermittent nature of the renewable energy. By implementing solar customer benefit is also shown in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a MPPT based impedance source solar powered inverter is designed to convert solar power to an alternating supply. First a boost converter is built to transform variable input voltage to a fixed DC voltage of desired magnitude and then it is fed to the impedance source inverter. MPPT algorithm is used to track the maximum power while controlling the duty cycle of the boost converter. The integration of MPPT with impedance source converter (ZSI) is primarily motivated by its efficiency in power conversion and reliability, making it a favorable choice for various distributed generation power applications compared to voltage source inverters. In this paper, an analysis is conducted on a three-phase impedance source inverter using a straightforward boost control method. The analysis focuses on key aspects such as the boosted output voltage, total harmonic distortion (THD) of line current, voltage stress on switches, generation of shoot-through states, and converter gain. Simulation is carried out in MATLAB Simulink environment and the results are presented to verify the theoretical findings [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of smart industries and cities is expected to have profound effects, and the rapid advancement of smart gadgets may cause safety and security problems. In order to increase training and learning opportunities while simultaneously addressing the considerable challenges that educational institutions will face, higher education 4.0 will make use of modern technologies. By examining the key components, traits, and motivators of education 4.0, this paper intends to contribute to the development of smart education for a smart city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now days the impact of climate change in India are mostly affected to the agriculture field, most of the agricultural crops are being badly affected in terms of their performance of the crop. The crop yield is used to predict in advance because of its harvest, its help the farmers for taking good decisions in marketing. The results of knowing crop yield and building prototype for the purpose of easily available to the farmer. Thus, for such kind of data analysis in the crop, there are different techniques and algorithms to predict the crop in a field. In this we have used image processing algorithm. The data used are images are taken from the drone system. Our approach starts by seeing rows inside the area (or acre) and finding all the trees in a crop yield, by this knowing the size of plant in the crop can be easily to store the data of plants. Lately there has been a wide source of spatial photogrammetry available for agriculture. Most of this data gives new information about the crops. By analysis of crop statics and methods have not been widely performed due to limitations on the images and software involved. The classification was also validated by comparing dozens of trees in the field, with excellent results. The purpose of this paper is to provide farmers with a method for quickly and automatically classifying trees by size, regardless of the presence or absence of problems, so that they can more easily monitor the health of individual trees and gain a better grasp on how those trees are distributed across a given area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to introduce a new current-mode precision full-wave rectifier configuration using a single inverted Z-copy current differencing buffered amplifier (IZC-CDBA) and two nMOSFETs. The unique feature of the proposed configuration is that it can produce simultaneously both the inverting and non-inverting rectified outputs without changing its architecture. The use of only active components makes the configuration more suited for IC implementation. Moreover, it features low input impedance and high output impedance, making it fully cascadable. In addition, the new design enjoys extremely high-frequency operations. The effects of non-ideal transfer gain and parasitic impedances on the designed circuit are also explored. The functionality of the proposed circuit is tested by PSPICE simulations for two distinct types of IZC-CDBA realization. The CMOS-based realization is checked through TSMC 0.18 µm level-7 technology parameters. The average DC current output, input dynamic range (± 450 µA), power consumption, temperature, total harmonic distortion (below – 30.2 dB), noise, and Monte-Carlo studies are performed to judge the efficiency level. The findings of the simulations match up nicely with the theoretical analysis. As an application of the suggested full-wave rectifier, RMS and average value computation for a sinusoidal signal is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a gesture control motorized skateboard is implemented. The operations like moving at constant speed, acceleration, regenerative breaking is performed by our model. The skateboard is controlled by gesture of hand in gloves via sensors. In recent decades skateboarding has expanded from recreation into a form of transportation. Skateboarders appear to use roadways much as other non-motorized modes do. The work is another leap in that direction where a simple, efficient and affordable way of transport for short-distance transportation has been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture has always been considered a lifestyle, especially in rural India rather than a revenue making market. In the present trend of automation, machines make decisions which are rational, reasonable and accurate. In this state of art technology Internet of Things (IoT) is paving a new path in automation. Therefore, in this paper, the research is carried to employ the IOT technology in the field of agriculture. A rover, capable of reading all essential parameters like soil moisture, temperature, humidity, air quality, sunlight and rain is developed in this research. These detected parameter values by rover are then transmitted to a comprehensive interface, a Mobile application. Mobile application will then give the customized predictions such as soil moisture and temperature based on soil-type. With the help of these parameter values a farmer can take necessary measures to maintain the crop in optimum conditions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass in its original form with low bulk density causes large transport and storage costs, and therefore, it cannot be used as an effective combustion fuel. Densification of biomass using briquetting technology can resolve the aforementioned issues and enhance the effectiveness of biomass as a combustible fuel. The relevance of using this fuel in thermal conversion processes is growing because it is abundant and under-explored. Hence, examining the fuel characteristics of these resource materials is imperative for their effective utilization in energy generation. The aim of the present work is to assess the suitability of various agricultural and aquatic residues as sources of briquette production by determining their fuel properties. Sixteen types of agricultural and aquatic residues which are abundantly available in Kerala (southwestern coastal state of India) were selected for this investigation. The fuel properties of the selected feedstock materials were determined using proximate analysis, elemental analysis, and heating value testing. The density, moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content percentage, and fixed carbon percentage of the feedstock material were carried out according to different ISO standards. Furthermore, the elemental analysis and the heating value of all the feedstock materials have been determined. Finally, the paper concludes by comprehensively listing all the fuel properties of the feedstock materials investigated in this study. The density of the feedstock materials ranged from 105.92 to 700.10 kg/m3. The fuel properties showed that Water hyacinth leaves, oil palm fruit bunch, saw dust; grass waste, dry leaves, vegetable market waste, and spent tea waste have significant potential for bio-briquette production. Also, from the characterization of the feedstock material, it is evident that rice husk and banana peel have higher ash content (above 20 %). Therefore, they are not appropriate for the production of biomass briquettes. The fuel properties of various agro aquatic residues for briquette production obtained from this study are expected to be of great use to the manufacturers in the briquetting of these feedstock materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar air heater (SAH) an economical and eco-friendly thermal system for drying products and have been used in plenty in the agricultural sector. This paper deals with a comparative study on the performance evaluation of SAH with and without thermoelectric generator (TEG) to self powered the system to create forced circulation using self power and external power. Extensive theoretical analyses for agricultural produces were observed. With the inclusion of the TEG module, there was an energy savings and an improving the drying performance with respect to the decrease in moisture content. It is concluded that with TEG gives 32.50% higher solar drying efficiency than without TEG without any additional solar radiation input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an optimization approach is brought forward for optimal energy scheduling in a modern smart home. After the development of smart devices and their integration with smart grid, the end consumers have the chance to schedule their home appliances in order to decrease the overall electricity price and allaying the power Peak to Average ratio (PAR). The application pattern of home devices is observed at first for optimal energy scheduling. The home gateway (HG) obtains the demand response (DR) showing the real-time electricity price (RTEP) and later sent to energy management controller (EMC). With the Demand Response, the EMC results in the essential energy scheduling that can be sent to each electric appliance by the Home Gateway. The next feature is integrating RTEP with IBR, because if only RTEP is considered the appliances tend to be scheduled at lowest electricity price slot, this may lead to blackout during that time period. By executing this optimization method, our proposed approach could gradually reduce boththe electricity price and PAR, thereby, strengthening the stability of the entire Grid system. The optimization technique we used to solve this problem was Genetic Algorithm (GA) as the optimization problem was nonlinear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Induction motors and BLDC (Brushless Direct Current) motors have revolutionized the market of Electric Vehicles. Both types of motors are used in the automobile industry. These motors are gaining popularity over others type of motors in a fast and progressive manner. BLDC motors are replacing induction motors in automobile and servo applications. It produces constant torque with trapezoidal back emf and rectangular stator current. Its advantages over others are reckonable and user-friendly. These are used on a power range up to few MW. Unlike four-wheeler EVs, two-wheeler EVs have limited space for energy sources. Hence, motor efficiency is a key factor in two-wheeler applications. In this paper, modeling of BLDC motors for different rotor configurations to be used in electric bikes has been carried out. Torque, speed, efficiency, and other parameters have been analysed based on the simulation result. Co-Simulation of ANSYS Model of most suitable rotor configuration is carried out with the drive system, and results are analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote monitoring and control of appliances or equipment at institute, city, home, or industry from a large distances with low power consumption is still a complicated task. Nowadays, some smart devices or mobile phones are being proactively used to monitor and control equipment using Internet of Things (IoT) systems. However, this system requires high power consumption and covers only short distances. This paper presents Long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) based smart campus controlling system. The proposed system contains of the transmitter, receiver and a web application. A private network server is built and connected to a LoRa gateway, which gathers information from end nodes/wireless sensors and transmits it to a network server which is, TheThingsNetwork (TTN) without the use of routers at the transmitter end. At the receiver end, the data can be used to power an end-user application/dashboard/mobile app, as well as to monitor and operate various appliances and devices. LoRa is used to implement the network interface, which solves communication failure problems and allows for energy-efficient data transmission. The LoRa smart campus platform optimizes the energy utilization of the campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly evolving technology that has potential to revolutionize the way products are designed, manufactured, and delivered and having a wide variety of applications including artistry, medical, bio-printing, aerospace, automobile, defence, nuclear, marine, food, electronics and for open-source hobbyist printing etc. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is relatively simple and affordable 3D printing technique, where filament or wire form of feedstock materials are used. However, over the years full-scale implementation of this technology has become slower due to the development of new materials periodically e.g., HGPs (high-grade polymers), and thus compatibility with the existing 3D printing machines is a major challenge. The adjustment of process parameters during any manufacturing system can always be value-added, thus it is felt that investigating them and their effects will always be beneficial to improve the quality and final product. Indeed, it is difficult to consider specific FDM printing process parameters to obtain optimum mechanical behaviour in case of HGPs e.g. PEEK (poly-ether-ether-ketone). Therefore, in this paper with the help of Taguchi DOE (design of experiments), effect of four most relevant FDM printing process parameters (nozzle temp., print speed, layer height and print direction) and their percentage contribution on mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength) were analysed for PEEK -a high-grade polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper talks about Hexabot, an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled surveillance robot. Hexabot has a height of 50 cm and a width of 40*40. Its goal is to integrate sensing, communication and computing capabilities to enable it to perform surveillance tasks in both indoors and outdoors environments. Hexabot leverages the capabilities of sensors, wireless communication, and embedded systems to provide an affordable, reliable, and versatile surveillance solution. Hexabot is designed to detect, recognize and track objects, measure environmental parameters, and navigate autonomously. This paper presents the design and implementation of Hexabot and its components. Additionally, an experimental evaluation of the robot's performance is presented. The results demonstrate that Hexabot is a reliable and cost-effective surveillance robot with the potential to become an invaluable asset for various surveillance applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As per the United Nations World Water Development Report of 2018, approximately 6 billion people will be impacted by clean water scarcity by 2050. Due to the rise in population, several parts of the world experience water crises as their groundwater table levels are decreased. In addition to this, wasting water through unwanted usage has become one of the habitual activities of the human population. To resolve this issue, an intelligent solution is proposed using water metering in this paper. A novel approach to performing automated water-metering by providing the water inlet and outlet information from the locality to the Water Distribution Board (WDB) is proposed in this paper. This smart metering method is distinct from currently available commercial models with a simple hardware setup for water inlet and outlet measurement and a mobile application. The proposed scheme significantly decreases overhead expenses on the water distribution board in handling water meter readings and billing water consumption. This scheme aims to make the consumers conserve water and become active participants in the water management system. This also helps in minimizing the unwanted use of water either from the corporation or from borewells at their localities and thus gives a great lead to water conservation and saving the lives of the future generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age and is characterised by disrupted ovulation cycles and an increase in androgen secretion. It is allied with metabolic and cardiovascular risks as well as a greater risk of developing hormone dependent-cancer. Due to its high prevalence in the current society coupled with its potential hazards, its early and accurate diagnosis is of utmost importance. The diversity of symptoms often delays the process of confirmatory diagnosis and more than 50% of women remain undiagnosed. To address these issues by facilitating rapid detection, this article proposes early diagnosis of PCOS with hormonal test and ultrasound images using various Machine Learning and Deep Learning algorithms. In this paper, we have used Generative Adversarial Networks to extend our dataset, and Transfer Learning using Residual Networks (ResNets) and Inception Networks for the ultrasound images. For the hormonal dataset, after pre-processing, we have compared the performance of multiple models, where CatBoost produces the highest accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farming is the strength of everyone's life. Everyone depends on the products of agriculture. But agricultural products are degrading in quality and quantity nowadays. To increase the yield, then the disease has to be identified early, improve knowledge to do better farming. If agricultural products fall in price, the entire economy suffers. when the farmers ultimately suffer a crushing loss and it leads to a financial boom. Identifying disease at an early stage is the only way to improve productivity. This paper introduces the concept of internet of things technology to perceive data and discusses the role of IoT technology in farming infection and bug nuisance control, including rural disease and bug checking system, gathering illness and creepy crawly bother data using sensor hubs, information preparing and mining, etc. It is suggested to use an IoT-based framework for disease and bug irritation control that consists of three layers and three frameworks. A different way to access horticulture data for the farm can be provided by the framework. In this study, a computerised system has been developed to determine whether a plant is healthy or sick. Plant disease does have a real impact on the normal growth of the plants, their production, and their nature as horticultural products. The goal of this research is to create a robotized framework that can detect the presence of disease in plants. Based on the diversity in plant leaf health status, a computerised disease recognition framework is developed using sensors like temperature, moisture, and colour. The characteristics based on temperature, mugginess, and shading criteria are used to identify the proximity of plant disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans are characterized by their ability to interact, cooperate, and live as a society. Trust is an essential part of relationships between humans. The Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is a recently evolved paradigm that mimics human social relationships over a group of IoT devices (things). It is advantageous for things to come together as a cluster, enabling resource sharing, scalability, and improved efficiency. For a group of IoT devices to function coherently, trustworthiness management amid things in SIoT is crucial. Estimating a thing's trustworthiness is vital before initiating a friendship with it. Trustworthiness estimation acts as a gatekeeper for malicious nodes which intend to harm a network of devices. This paper briefly presents our ongoing work to create a system where a device can slowly be absorbed into a community based on how much trust it earns from the community members over time. Our work has been inspired by actual human relationships where friends or members of the same community are trusted implicitly. In contrast, strangers lack credibility and must gain the community's trust to be eventually included and reap its benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present and conventional charging methods for Lithium-Ion batteries primarily employs an open-loop strategy in which the temperature of the cells are not dynamically adjusted for the charging and discharging process. This results in faster deterioration of cell and battery life. This article presents the implementation of Constant Current - Constant Temperature - Constant Voltage (CCCTCV) charging technique which overcomes the above-mentioned issues by dynamically adjusting the charging process according to the cell temperature. Also, in this article, an EV charging station for a shopping mall is modeled using a guidebook published by WRI India and the Delhi Government for which the performance of CCCTCV charging technique is tested at both cell level and battery level and its performance is compared and analyzed with the conventional CCCV charging technique. Some interesting observations on the performance of CCCTCV charging for different C-ratings are also documented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the cells of the cervix, which links the uterus to the vagina. Cervical cancer can often be prevented by attending the cervical screening, which aims to find and treat changes to cells before they turn into cancer. Pap smear images are a more popular technique for screening cervical cancer. The nucleus and cytoplasm are present in the smear cell images. The spread of cancer is determined by the shape and structure of the nucleus. Thus, nucleus segmentation is an important step in cancer detection. However, overlapping, poor contrast, uneven staining, and other factors make cervical nucleus segmentation difficult. This paper proposes a new segmentation method for the cervical nucleus using digital image processing. In our proposed method, image processing techniques are employed to segment the nucleus. This method mainly compared the performance of using Red Green Blue (RGB) channels and Hue, Saturation, and Value (HSV). The best two channels from each two-colored image representation are compared, where the V channel is the best among H and S channels. On the other hand, G chancel is the best among the G and B channels. Therefore, the best two channels are compared, and the segmentation using the G channel is the best among all, with a sensitivity of 94.3%, specificity of 94.6% and precision of 88.3%. The main impact of this paper will be to assist doctors in diagnosing cervical cancer-based segmentation of the nucleus in Pap smear images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online shopping has become an alternative way for people in buying things, especially in the middle of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak crisis. Besides, it is also making life easier. The problem with online shopping is when sometimes customer could not able to receive the goods when nobody at home. And it also involved safety considerations as in normal case, the good will be left outside the premises by the courier when the recipient not at home the good might be stolen. This paper aimed to design a Smart Home Package Mailbox to secure the delivery packages receive safely with good condition by reducing the problems occurring during the delivery. The Smart Home Package Mailbox is a hardware that operates by using the Quick Response (QR) code to communicate with its system. It has two compartments level which levels two for receiving package and level one for storing the received packages. Two main android applications have been developed to support the project system. The Smart Postman application is for the postman to open the mailbox door and update data in the database. While Smart Home Mailbox application is for users to track the delivery and receive notification. Once the sending package is put inside the mailbox, the sender and the recipient will be notified regarding the delivered package. This project is able to increase courier management efficiency as well as packages being delivered within expected time with good condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimization of the cost of generation for any utilities is crucial to ensure the utilities will be able to maintain continuous supply and their survivability. Non-optimal amount of power generated by all generating stations in a country will possibly lead to monetary loss and ineffective operation of the power system. Thus, a robust and reliable optimization technique is the prerequisite to ensuring the lowest cost of generation can be achieved. This paper proposes a hybridized optimization technique that integrates the element of evolutionary programming (EP) into the barnacle mating optimizer (BMO), termed Hybrid Evolutionary Programming-Barnacles Mating Optimization (HEBMO). HEBMO is utilized to address the convex economic dispatch in a power transmission system. Its implementation on the IEEE 30-Bus Reliability Test System (RTS) in addressing the convex ED is remarkable, through the comparison with the traditional EP and BMO. The cost of generations in chosen cases such as base case conditions, stress conditions due to real power, and reactive power increments revealed the superiority of the proposed HEBMO over EP and BMO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of filters in medical devices have not only expanded tremendously but they have also become an important part of the electrocardiography (ECG). Filters are considered essential to the ECG device because they enable the device to separate and restore its contaminated and distorted signals as well as enhance its performance. Based on the review of the previous works on filters, this paper provides insight into their nature and uses as well as examines several of the most common filtering techniques used in ECG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algorithms are increasingly being used and recognized for their ability to improve the performance of diagnostic tools such as contemporary electrocardiogram (ECG). For instance, evidence from previous studies reveals that QRS enhancement and detection algorithms have enabled the ECG device to measure and classify heartbeat more accurately. Based on the review of the previous works on QRS detection in ECG, this paper examines the key components of the ECG, QRS detection features, the different techniques used for developing QRS enhancement and detection algorithms as well as the criteria for evaluating their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer is a major cause of mortality among women worldwide, and early detection is crucial for successful treatment. However, the interpretation of cervical whole slice images can be challenging due to poor image quality. This paper presents a study on the use of histogram techniques to enhance the quality of cervical whole slice images. The aim of the study is to improve the visibility of important structures in the image, such as blood vessels and cell nuclei, for more accurate diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. The study used histogram equalization and stretching techniques to enhance the contrast and brightness of cervical whole slice images. Experiments were conducted to test the effectiveness of these techniques in improving the image quality. The results show that the enhanced images are of higher quality and are easier to interpret than the original images. The histogram equalization technique improved the visibility of structures in the image by increasing the contrast, while the histogram stretching technique improved the brightness and color balance. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of histogram techniques in enhancing the quality of cervical whole slice images for better diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. The use of these techniques can greatly improve the visibility of important structures in the image and lead to more accurate diagnosis and treatment. These findings can have important implications for the development of more effective screening and diagnostic methods for cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of new books that appear on the market makes it difficult for readers to find books that meet their needs and desires. There are many new books every year. Sometimes there are productions with the same or similar titles but with different authors or publishers. The content may be other, even though the title is identical. It may also happen that a similarly titled book is a sequel to an earlier one. Therefore, this paper will focus on a content-based book recommendation system. The book content used in the system is the book title. The system provides book recommendations with book titles that are the same or similar to the book selected by the user. The way the system works is to extract the book title feature with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF). Then, all book titles are compared with cosine similarity. There are two kinds of results from this book recommendation system. First, 20 books are similar to the book selected by the user, where the 20 books have a similarity level above 50%. Second, 20 books have a similarity level below 50%. Both types of results are offered to users to be selected according to their preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microservices architecture is a modern approach to software development that offers numerous benefits over traditional monolithic architecture, including increased agility, availability, and fault tolerance. However, migrating from a monolithic architecture to a microservices architecture, can be a complex and challenging process. This paper provides an overview of the key steps involved in migrating to a microservices architecture, as well as the four main metrics for estimating migration costs. By adhering to the suggested evaluation metrics while assessing the ten approaches, organizations can determine the most appropriate strategy for transitioning to a microservices architecture. This approach can harness the advantages of heightened agility, improve availability and enhance fault tolerance. Future research could focus on developing more sophisticated evaluation metrics and conducting case studies of successful microservices implementations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the alternative applications of microwave photonics is hybrid Radio over Fiber (RoF) and Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems, which combines the advantages of radio frequency and optical communication together with wireless optical communication. In this paper, a hybrid radio over optical fiber and VLC system has been designed and simulated using OptiSystem Software by applying a Continuous Wave (CW) Laser at wavelength 1550 nm for optical fiber communication and 450 nm Visible Light LED for VLC system. The 8 Gbps of data was transmitted over 40 km of the fiber length and 3 m of VLC link with a Millimeter Wave (mmWave) frequency at 40 GHz. The proposed design system is analyzed based on the effect when varies the propagation distance for both fiber and VLC. The results show that as the number of fiber lengths increases, the BER performance is degraded until threshold limit 10−9. It is also shown that the proposed hybrid design system is working well even at a very high data rate of 8 Gbps for each user channel. The results also demonstrate that Non-Return Zero (NRZ) modulation technique has contributed to the better performance of the systems compared to Return Zero (RZ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of behavioural biometrics, such as movement patterns and keystroke dynamics, in human identity recognition research to strengthen smartphone security is growing. Users usually secure their phones with a PIN or pattern. This paper uses a smartphone keystroke dynamic open dataset with user age information. This Open Dataset is known as the RHU-Keystroke Dynamics dataset. A dataset classification study was conducted utilising the Weighted K-nearest neighbour (W-KNN) method in order to identify the three age categories with the highest accuracy. The four keystroke features that have been collected in this open dataset are used for this classification. The highest average accuracy obtained from this W-KNN method is 83%. The results of the study are explained with a Confusion Matrix diagram and a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) graph. A classification study using this method has successfully increased accuracy and can be utilized in the use of software, as demonstrated in the results of the study. It is expected that future studies will apply other classification methods to keystroke dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioral biometric traits are not fully distinguished in recognition tasks, but they can improve the overall performance of biometric recognition systems by adding them. The behavioral biometric studied in this paper is related to keystroke dynamic. This paper examines the touch keystroke dynamics of computer users for the purpose of identifying their culture by using four different SVM kernels. It has been confirmed that racial classifications can be made by gathering keystroke data from 250 respondents representing various culture in Malaysia. Results show that different culture categories display different typing patterns. The classification is made using four SVM kernels and a comparison of the accuracy results is shown. The four kernels are Linear, Quadratic, Cubic and Fine Gaussian. The linear kernel has provided the highest accuracy and consistent readings compared to other kernels for the four features evaluated for dynamic keystrokes, namely press-press time, release-release time, press-release time and release-press time. The linear kernel has the highest accuracy reading of 92.4% for classification using press-press time features for the Malay vs Chinese category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is a preface to the 1st International Conference on Advanced Computing, Systems and Applications (InCASA 2023). The conference took place in Bali, Indonesia and was organized by the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Computing, Universiti Malaysia Perlis. The conference aimed to explore the theme of "Advanced Computing for Humanity & Sustainable Environment: Responsive Design for Greater Liveability" and featured discussions on advanced intelligent computing, advanced networking and system integration, and high-performance computing and security. The conference received 120 paper submissions from various countries, with 89 papers selected for presentation and 25 included in the conference proceedings. The preface acknowledges the contributions of the organizing committee and highlights the expertise of the keynote speakers. [Extracted from the article]

This work deals with the bulk density of differently shaped raw materials, considering recycled, shredded film, spheroidal shaped virgin bulk material and two different cylindrical shaped polypropylene pellets. The mass flow rate and the pressure buildup behavior of single screw extruders, which are frequently used for the recycling of polymers, are strongly influenced by the shape of the raw material. The differences mainly affect the solids conveying zone, where the external coefficient of friction and the bulk density in the screw channel largely influence the behavior. In single screw extrusion applications, higher bulk density usually leads to a higher mass flow rate and a better pressure build-up behavior. In this paper, the density of differently shaped bulk materials is analyzed in detail at high pressures and high temperatures comparable to the conditions existing during extrusion. Especially the density of shredded film was not investigated in detail till now. It is shown that the density of virgin material and the two different cylindrical shaped pellets behave in a similar way, while the shredded film differs from the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pipes in heat exchanger systems are usually made of metallic materials to achieve a high level of thermal conductivity and thus high efficiency. However, substitution with polymer materials has a great potential. Plastics save weight, can be produced at lower cost and emissions, and are ideal for use in corrosive or chemically aggressive environments, where most metals fail. The challenge, however, is their much lower thermal conductivity in comparison. To reduce this disadvantage, fillers are used to transport thermal energy through the less conductive polymer matrix. In fact, high filler ratios are required to achieve an acceptable level of thermal conductivity for heat exchanger systems. However, these high filler ratios have a significant impact on the material properties of the polymer, such as the flexibility, which is drastically reduced. The result is a brittle material with limited suitability for use in heat exchanger systems. This paper describes a novel approach to effectively increase the thermal conductivity of polymer materials by optimizing the orientation of anisotropic filler particles by die design. Standard pipe extrusion dies result in continuous shear forces in the direction of extrusion. Accordingly, the resulting filler network has a higher thermal conductivity in the axial direction of the pipe than radially through the pipe wall. However, radial heat transfer is essential in pipe heat exchanger systems. To improve this, various die designs for targeted radial alignment of filler particles are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the potential for improvement of the die designs is investigated. So far, the most efficient die design achieves an increase in thermal conductivity of up to 74 % compared to a standard pipe extrusion die. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appearance of the interior and exterior of modern cars is characterized by a variety of chromed parts. Due to the lightweight construction requirements to reduce fuel consumption or to maximize the range of electric vehicles, the use of metallic parts is adversarial. Typically, these parts are injection molded parts made of ABS or PC/ABS and subsequently electroplated. If the requirements on mechanical properties increase, mineral-filled polyamide 6 (PA6) is often used. The particles and their distribution are primarily responsible for the surface quality of the electroplated parts. Unfortunately, the rejection rate of electroplated PA6 is up to 30 %. Therefore, in this paper, the particle distribution in the boundary layer was investigated for different operating points by performing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using ANSYS Fluent. The simulations were executed for a microscopic section in the boundary layer and the boundary conditions were derived from a macroscopic simulation assuming continuous material properties using Sigmasoft. Particle interactions were also set using the DEM-collision-model. Significant process parameters for the particle distribution in the surface layer were determined and correlated with surface parameters from real experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, additive manufacturing with polymers already allows the economical production of components in individual pieces or small quantities with good application-specific properties and a high degree of individualization and complexity. However, additive manufacturing processes are still associated with many manual post-processing steps and thus high costs. Consequently, series applications for additively manufactured parts fail today in most cases due to the high process costs as well as the lack of quality assurance tools. For the economic use of additive series production, the above-mentioned hurdles must be overcome. In order to be able to investigate powder-based additive manufacturing processes comprehensively up to the depowdered component, the research institution Neue Materialien Bayreuth GmbH (Germany) is currently setting up a demonstration factory for selective laser sintering (SLS) with polymers. This article presents the concept of this unique research environment. The demonstration factory represents the entire processing chain including automated de-powdering, surface cleaning, part identification and inline quality assurance. All subcomponents are connected to a central IOT platform. In addition to the parts workflow, the closed powder circuit is also the subject of consideration. With detailed in-line and at-line analytics along the process chain, the entire SLS process can be evaluated, potential problems during processing can be identified, process stability can be improved, and part properties can be precisely assigned. This paper presents the relevant methods. End-to-end digitization enables a transparent visualization of all media and material flows as well as a part-related life cycle assessment. The research infrastructure described here offers the optimal prerequisites for the establishment of robust manufacturing strategies and thus an economical use of SLS technology for series components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for energy-efficient methods for vulcanizing rubber extrudates requires the optimization and further development of existing vulcanization processes. Vulcanization by microwave irradiation makes it possible to introduce the energy required for heating directly into the material by means of dielectric losses. Microwave heating requires the polarity of the rubber compound so that the electromagnetic wave can vibrate the polar components in the compound. This oscillation results in internal friction, which leads to an increase in the temperature of the rubber compound. However, the polarity of rubber compounds is reduced due to corrosion protection, especially in the automotive sector. This requires optimization of the process parameters in the microwave crosslinking process. For this purpose, it is necessary to specifically adapt the setting variables of the electromagnetic wave as well as the geometry of the heating chamber to the different rubber compounds. The heating studies presented in this paper were performed with a solid-state microwave device using a nitrile butadiene rubber. The results show a material specific excitation frequency of the rubber compound in the range of 2436 MHz and 2478 MHz. In addition, investigations of the waveguide length of the microwave unit show that the geometry of the waveguide has a significant influence on the absorption behavior of the electromagnetic energy. In laboratory tests with optimized settings, 90% of the applied electromagnetic energy was converted into heat in the extrudate. In comparison, conventional processes such as hot air vulcanization have an efficiency of only 33%. In subsequent temperature tests of the extrudate surface, a temperature maximum was found in the center of the extrudate. This makes microwave technology an ideal complement to hot air vulcanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gelling polymers, used for the fabrication of hydrogels, are employed for various applications in medical engineering. The present paper explores a novel approach for the additive manufacturing of polypropylene-hydrogel composites by applying laser-based powder bed fusion of powder blends at ambient temperatures, hence allowing for the integration of additives sensitive to heat degradation. Based on applying superposed fractal exposure strategies for the temporally and spatially discretized melting of prepared powder blends, the processing of composites containing a proportion of up to 75% of agarose can be demonstrated. Prepared specimens depict a water absorption exceeding 100 wt-% while exhibiting non-linear, progressive mechanical properties under compressive stress and enhanced stress relaxation similar to human cartilage tissue. The results illustrate the suitability of fractal exposure strategies for the processing of materials sensitive to heat degradation with divergent thermal properties. Furthermore, the proposed approach provides a novel process route for the fabrication of functionalized polymer components, representing a foundation for the integration of hydrogels for medical applications, such as drug delivery applications and functionalized, load-bearing scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural rheologic balancing is being state-of-the-art in developing polymer melt channels for extrusion dies or hot runners in injection molding. For this, flow path lengths and channel diameters in a manifold system are defined identical on all paths and thus those channels are considered to be identical in pressure drop and cavity filling, respectively in mass flow distribution. However, the changes in direction of the melt flow due to the deflection of the melt are in most cases neglected but have a significant impact on the flow field in downstream components. Strong deflections, as they occur in conventional manifold systems, can be avoided by the use of additive manufacturing methods. However, the bionic design leads to curved melt channels which, when naturally balanced, may differ completely from one another regarding their overall course and curvature. Therefore, unequal mass flow distributions or cavity fillings occur in such geometries. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of channel curvature on the balancing of additively manufactured melt channels. For this purpose, a test specimen is designed and the curvature collectives along the neutral fibers are evaluated. The overall objective is a more specific balancing with respect to the mass flow distribution. The results indicate the necessity of considering the channels' curvature in the designing process in order to achieve a homogeneous melt distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In plastics processing, polymers are plasticized so that they can be further processed into end products or semi-finished products in the extrusion process. On the way from the raw material or granulate to the end product, the polymer is processed at least once on screw machines. In order to achieve an increase in throughput while maintaining product quality, the extrusion process must be optimally designed. Since the construction and testing of prototypes is very costly and time-consuming, only empirical values and simulations remain as reference points for screw design. However, state-of-the-art simulations do not allow sufficiently accurate predictions of the expected product quality. Up to now, product and melt quality can only be determined in experimental investigations and as a function of various process properties such as pressure variations and degree of melting. In this paper, the cause-effect relationships are demonstrated experimentally for the first time in an extensive extrusion test program. Since good melt quality has a significant influence on product properties, suitable criteria for assessing and evaluating melt quality are first selected and verified by experimental investigations. In order to determine the influence of changes in the geometry of a screw design on melt quality, two different screw geometries of a barrier screw and a standard three-zone screw as well as the influence of two combinations of shear and mixing parts were investigated. Thermal and material homogeneity were used as criteria for melt quality. Based on this, the relationships between input and output parameters are described in an analytical model. The integration of the model into extrusion simulations then enables the prediction of the expected melt and product quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When growing plants, it is important to ensure good protection from weather conditions (hail, frost, wind...) and from animals (birds, insects, wild pigs...) to improve plant growth and increase production and quality. For this reason, plants are grown in covering systems (greenhouses) where covering materials play a major role. The covering material can be in the form of film and as such has an extremely low price, easy application, resistance to cracking and low weight. However, films also have certain disadvantages such as a shorter service life due to atmospheric influences, reduction of transparency and water vapor condensation. Regarding the tendency to use film for a longer time, this paper analyzes the effect of aging on the viscoelastic properties of polyethylene (PE) as well as ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE). Viscoelastic properties were analyzed using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The film made of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) has better properties but is in a higher price range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decomposition of organic matter is sensitive to air flow, humidity and temperature, thus appropriate conditions are needed for effective composting which are achieved through a correct composter design. The paper focuses on a simulation analysis for the injection molding process of the bottom part of a composter. Contemporary injection molding machines require fine tuning to ensure successful mold filling and the attainment of satisfactory product quality. Addressing plastic product design from a manufacturing perspective helps ease challenges related to injection molding process and mold design. Process optimization commonly involves variables such as injection pressure, injection time, packing pressure, packing pressure holding time, melt temperature, mold cavity temperature and features of the cooling system. To ensure consistent product quality, it's crucial to optimize process parameters for specific cases due to substantial variability among injection molding input parameters. The use of Moldex3D software aids in identifying locations of critical values of defects, such as shrinkage and warpage. Warpage and shrinkage defects are minimized by Design of Experiments (DOE) optimization method. The results show that simulation, combined with optimization techniques, significantly improves product quality and process efficiency. Reducing warpage is achievable by extending the packing pressure time and using a lower coolant temperature. However, while extending the packing pressure time and reducing the melt temperature have a marginal effect on reducing shrinkage, higher cooling temperatures, as predicted, results in diminished shrinkage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In blown film extrusion, spiral mandrel dies are the most common die design. This type of die assembly consists of three main components dividing the course of the melt into a 90° deflection, an n-fold star division and the spiral mandrel itself. Conventional manufacturing processes are used to manufacture the components. Therefore, shaping inside the die is usually limited to straight-line flow paths particularly in the area of the melt deflection and distribution. Partially, this leads to inhomogeneous flow patterns as fillets can only be integrated sparsely due to the limitations of the manufacturing technologies. The use of additive manufacturing, on the other hand, offers the possibility of realising channels that are freely routed between the inlet and outlet, resulting in a gentler melt deflection. In a previous research project, a blown film die assembly consisting of a primary and a secondary distribution was additively manufactured. Many advantages were achieved by the additive primary distribution alone through the free design of the melt channels. This paper introduces a new die design concept containing a retrofit solution for conventional spiral mandrel dies which substitutes the conventional primary distribution with an additively manufactured one. For this, the die design developed in the preceding project is adapted to replace the conventional primary distribution and can be combined with an existing spiral mandrel manufactured conventionally. As spiral mandrels are well established in the industry and as they are expensive components, they are retained. In this way, the advantages of both concepts, such as the gentle melt deflection and the avoidance of weld lines, are combined. Additionally, it was possible to achieve improvements in terms of residence time and purgeability. Further work needs to be done to adjust the designing process to remedy the deterioration in mass flow distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While for several decades composites have been manufactured mainly from thermosets, such as epoxy- or polyester-based resins, a clear trend towards using thermoplastic matrix systems has recently emerged. Their reversible melting behavior gives them several advantages, including better recyclability and faster and more easily automated production. Increasing the productivity of thermoplastic composite manufacturing processes requires appropriate, reliable inline quality assurance systems. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), originally developed for biomedical applications, has been proven to be a powerful tool for non-destructive testing and characterization of unidirectional (UD) fiber-reinforced thermoplastic tapes made from glass fibers. Previous offline OCT measurements on a test rig demonstrated the reliability and robustness of the method in detecting visually apparent tape defects, such as gaps and fiber breakages and – one of the most critical bulk defects – insufficiently impregnated fiber regions. In this work, inline OCT measurements were performed on stationary Polycarbonate (PC)/glass fibers (GF) UD tapes in an industrial-scale production line. Systematic experimental analyses were carried out in which the OCT sensor was moved across the tape width, and the influences of (i) single scan sampling rate, (ii) single scan averaging, and (iii) sensor travel speed on measurement accuracy and data size were evaluated. Measurement accuracy was validated using optical microscopy. Optimal sensor settings were derived to improve the inline capability of the measurement approach under real production conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The co-kneader is a single-screw extruder, which performs an oscillating motion in extrusion direction additionally to rotating. The four rows of kneading pins along the cylinder walls combined with the interrupted screw flights make a high mixing possible, while enabling gentle processing at manageable shear forces and exact temperature control. Although the co-kneader is used for a wide variety of material systems as polyvinylchloride or polyamide and especially for special applications in the industry, its process design is mainly based on experimental trials. Therefore, an analytical model which allows a description of polymer melting and flow in the kneader was developed by Rudloff et al. In this previous work satisfactory simulation results could be achieved when using a retaining ring at the end of the melting zone which causes material backlog. This enables to define the melting start at the begin of the first mixing element and to assume a fully filled melting zone as well as apply dispersed melting models. However, if the co-kneader is operated without a retaining ring, the pellets can pass through the melting zone and only plastic deformation occurs, until the melt film is formed further towards the die by heat conduction. In this paper, a first model approach of plastic energy dissipation (PED) for Co-Kneaders is developed to specify the start of melting more precisely for all configurations. In the model, the energy dissipation was formulated as a function of granulate geometry and weight, mechanical material parameters and degree of granulate deformation. This allows to extend the existing dispersive melting model to include the melting contribution from PED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes more widely used, the danger of information leakage, the danger of information leakage, data leakage and theft of the internet of things is continuous increasing, as the communication channel for data transfer is open to the public. A considerable portion of this data includes sensitive and personal information for the user and the company as well. Because of the openness, distributed nature, and lack of control over the entire IoT environment, the number of attack vectors for bad users is significant. End-users must trust the system for the IoT to become a viable service platform. Consequently, in critical infrastructures like smart home, smart city, smart healthcare, and smart industry, information security and privacy are the major concern in the Internet of Things. In this paper, we present an information concealment strategy using steganography to protect communication in critical IoT infrastructure. RGB photographs are employed as the information carrier. Deep layers of low-distortion image channels in the least significant bit (LSB) are used to hide the data to be used as a data marker. Both mathematically and experimentally, we evaluate our method. We display mathematically that the striker's analysis cannot expect the current information. The proposed strategy outperformed previous strategies in terms of imperceptibility and capacity, as well as resilience to steganalysis attacks like histogram analysis, as demonstrated experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DeepFake, DeepFake detection, and face detection technologies have a strong relationship. DeepFake techniques have become a serious threat to celebrities, the general public, and the judiciary, which relies on visual media as evidence in criminal cases. DeepFake detection methods are responsible for detecting DeepFake through a series of procedures, the first and most significant of which is face detection. Note that face detection approaches are used in several methods to detect faces in photos, including those in DeepFake generating and DeepFake detection. Hence, the first part of this paper describes the concept of face detection and three of its tools, two of which are frequently utilized in DeepFake detection (Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Networks (MTCNN) and Dlib). MediaPipe has not yet been employed in this field to study and evaluate the performance of these tools through a practical comparison. Consequently, a group of modern DeepFake detection methods proposes a new taxonomy based on extracting the features utilized in each. Lastly, datasets of photos from DeepFake detection experiments were used to determine which one posed a genuine challenge to the three tools. The results presented that the MediaPipe tool is the best in accuracy, 99.3%, and the dataset Open Forensic (OF) is the most challenging due to the many mistakes generated when its works on it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]