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In this paper we have used a detailed reaction network, and the reaction experimental data that has been obtained from a thorough literature survey is used as a basis for the comparison and selection of plug flow reactor (PFR) and continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) for the synthesis of methanol over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalyst. The experimental data that has been obtained is operating between 210°C and 260°C and at pressure up to 70 bar. A generalized Machine learning-based data-driven methodology principal component analysis (PCA) is used for dimensionality reduction of the parameter presented in experimental data; further linear regression model is presented to compare the accuracy of the model with industrial-scale application. The data obtained was also utilized for the prediction of variable for the model which is proposed in this paper. The performance of the model for two different reactors has been compared using the R-Square value. Based on this comparison it is found that the plug flow reactor (PFR) is more efficient, with 94.48% prediction accuracy (R-Square) as compared to continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), with 91.98% prediction accuracy. However, more experimental data Is needed, as the used dataset is unable to differentiate for the regression of the adsorption isotherms. Model used is still performing well which suggests that this model can be further used for predictive analysis for experiments outside the training set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the development of a 3D educational simulator for teaching power supply system fundamentals. The simulator's creation followed a meticulously planned algorithm, beginning with clear educational objectives. It involved 2D conceptual designs and detailed 3D modeling of components like transformers and voltage regulators using software such as AutoCAD, SolidWorks, or Blender. The simulator's interactivity is a significant feature, allowing users to adjust parameters like voltage and observe real-time effects, enhancing understanding. It integrates theory with practical visualization, providing annotations and explanations for each component, creating a comprehensive learning experience. User feedback guided testing and iterative improvements, resulting in a user-friendly, adaptable simulator compatible with various educational platforms. This project highlights the importance of interactive learning tools in technical education, addressing challenges in accurate yet user-friendly educational technology design. It emphasizes the need for continuous improvement to align with evolving technical knowledge. In summary, this paper demonstrates the potential of advanced 3D simulations in STEM education, offering insights into effective tool design and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes an educational simulator developed for the "Fundamentals of Electrical Supply" course, focusing on its impact. The simulator enhances student understanding and engagement, known for its reliability, user-friendly design, and adaptability. It has received positive feedback from both educators and students. Quantitative assessments demonstrate improvements in grades and analytical skills. The study discusses its integration with traditional teaching methods as a complementary tool. Challenges in modeling electrical systems were overcome through collaboration and refinement. The paper concludes by emphasizing the broader implications of interactive tools in technical education and the potential for future enhancements like virtual reality to further improve the educational experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the development and implementation of a 3D functional scheme for educational simulators focused on power supply fundamentals. The growing complexity of electrical systems and the demand for interactive and engaging educational tools have led to the creation of this innovative approach. The scheme incorporates various components such as transformers, circuit breakers, power lines, and control systems, all interconnected in a 3D network. This paper discusses the step-by-step process, from requirement analysis to deployment, highlighting the benefits of 3D visualization in enhancing student engagement and comprehension. The results indicate a significant improvement in learning outcomes and user satisfaction. The potential for broader applications in engineering education is also explored, marking a promising avenue for future research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new method of soft start of high-voltage and high-power asynchronous electric drives of auxiliary units in mining enterprises, pumping stations and thermal power plants. Advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method are substantiated. The possibility of soft starting of asynchronous motors of high power from thyristors of low power has been proved. The disadvantages in the analysis of existing methods have been studied, and suggestions and solutions have been given. In soft starting of low and medium power induction motors, uses the system "Thyristor voltage converter-induction motor". In soft starting of high-voltage and high-power induction motors, a method of starting using combined low-power thyristors was proposed, taking into account the fact that the prices of high-power thyristors are expensive and that they are unreliable. A scheme of operation of parallel and series low power thyristor groups has been developed. The main disadvantage of this method is the need for uniform distribution of current and voltage values. In the paper, technical solutions for uniform distribution of current and voltage values have been developed. It was proposed to develop an improved system "Thyristor voltage converter-asynchronous motor" formed of parallel-sequentially collllected low-power thyristor groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils are chemical substances found in plants. Essential oil-producing plants include patchouli, clove, and lemongrass plants. Components of essential oil compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, terpenoids, and glycosides are thought to have antibacterial activity. The study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of patchouli essential oil, cloves, and lemongrass against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The antibacterial test method is carried out using diffusion of agar on disc paper. The test samples used were patchouli essential oil, cloves, and lemongrass from Batang district as much as 10 μL 100% concentration, positive control using 20% concentration chloramphenicol as much as 10 μL, and negative control using sterile blank disc paper. The results showed that there was a clear zone formed in the two test bacteria. The clear zone formed in the Escherichia coli test bacteria is until 9.5 mm in patchouli essential oil, until 20 mm in clove essential oil, and until 18 mm in lemongrass essential oil, while the clear zone formed in the test bacteria Bacillus subtilis is until 15 mm in patchouli essential oil, until 26 mm in clove essential oil, and until 20 mm in lemongrass essential oil. It can be concluded that patchouli essential oil, clove essential oil, and lemongrass essential oil have antibacterial activity against E. coli and B. subtilis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper exposes the controllability problem of the nonlinear smoking model. Mathematically, the form of smoking model is the first order of nonlinear differential equation system. The model consists of six variables and two controls. The most important thing before controlling a smoker is to determine its controllability. If the smoking model is in nonlinear standard control model, then it has drift. Applying the Lie Bracket method, the controllability matrix can be found. After determining the rank of the controllability matrix, the controllability of the model can be determined. The result can be stated that the smoking model is locally accessible. This means the control design can be made to control the smoker. In addition, if the optimal control approach is used in controlling the smoking model, through its cost functional model, we can make minimization of beginners and smokers. Another result of this paper is the presentation of optimal control analysis using the Pontryagin Principle approach. The analysis results can be stated as follows, first, each solution of the equation in the dynamic system model is a positive function, second, the model of the system of differential equations with the given initial conditions, has a solution, and that solution is a single solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of construction activities on the environment has become a significant global concern due to the environmental degradation caused by the development of construction projects and activities. Noise pollution, water pollution, and air pollution are some of the types of pollution caused by construction activities, which can lead to serious health and environmental consequences. This review paper aims to examine the various types of pollution that occur during different construction activities in construction projects. In addition, this paper also focuses on the impact of concrete batching plant operations on the environment and the techniques that can be used to minimize these impacts. Concrete batching plants have been identified as one of the significant contributors to environmental pollution due to the dust, noise, and exhaust emissions generated during their operation. This paper highlights the importance of adopting appropriate pollution control measures to minimize the impact of concrete batching plant operations on the environment. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the need to provide a better working environment for onsite workers and minimize the health impact on nearby communities. The use of advanced technologies and eco-friendly practices can contribute significantly to reducing the impact of construction activities on the environment. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the impact of construction activities on the environment and highlights the importance of adopting sustainable practices in the construction industry to protect the environment and promote a healthier and safer living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the detailed accreditation process of ABET, Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology, for accrediting engineering and Technology programs. ABET being non-governmental agency that accredits engineering & technology, applied & natural sciences, and computing sciences programs. ABET was founded on 10th May 1932 and was founded by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. International industries accept ABET accredited institute having highest standards in their academic programs. In this accreditation there are eight criterion in general, criterion 1 describes the student outcome evaluations, criteria 2 measures the program educational objectives, criteria 3 is the student outcome calculated from the marks obtained by students, criteria 4 establishes continuous improvement, criteria 5 focus on curriculum of the institute, criteria 6 is about faculties of this institute, criteria 7 measures the facilities provided by the institute and finally, criteria 8 focus on institutional support towards staff of the institute. In this paper we focused on the calculative part of each criterion with equations and suitable examples, the files and documentations required for each criterion and the total workflow of the process. The references and the values used to illustrate the calculations are all taken from the samples provided at ABET official website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since clayey soils are highly plastic therefore they are unstable for the purpose of construction. These soils continuously keep on changing temporarily or permanently once they come in contact with water. Soil stabilization is a process of enhancing the properties of soil especially from engineering point of view. This literature review scientifically scrutinizes the functioning features of clayey soils made using industrial wastes such as lime, Granulated Blast Furnace Slag(GBFS) and bagasse ash. The organized exploration was incorporated from Web of Science and SCOPUS by means of altered keywords, and 111paperworkshave been recognized. Following the screening and suitability progression in consistency with PRISMA guidelines, 30 papers have been chosen carefully and hence chosen to be assessed and explored. Here the working features of the soil keeping in view the physical properties, mechanical properties, durability criteria, microstructural examination, statistical examination, cost determination, etc. were scrutinized. Most of the studies using different industrial wastes in soil stabilization have seen to be emphasizing on determining the compressive strength, water absorption, Atterberg's Limits, strength and durability by wetting drying cycles. The PH, electrical conductivity, maximum dry density and optimum water content, thermal conductivity, tensile strength, and flexural strength have also been assessed in latest studies and recounted in this paper. The research papers used industrial wastes such as lime, GBFS, bagasse ash etc and conducted several tests for each of the materials like unconfined compressive strength(UCS), compressibility indices, Atterberg's limit, indirect tensile strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, California Bearing ratio(CBR) test, Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) test, SPC test, and many more tests and microstructural analysis during the stabilization of clayey soil via distinctive industrial wastes for advanced findings found to be short of in existing writings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we describe the dynamics of the spread of the COVID-19 disease. In this paper, a mathematical model of the problem is rewritten. Mathematical models can be used to find strategies to prevent the Coronavirus disease spread. A Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) mathematical model in the spread of COVID-19 disease is solved using fourth and fifth-order Runge-Kutta methods. The simulation results of the two methods show the same pattern of solution behavior as the results of the reference solution obtained using the ODE45 algorithm in the MATLAB software. Theoretically, the accuracy of the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is not better than that of the fifth-order Runge-Kutta method. We show the correctness of this theory through simulations in this paper by solving the SEIR mathematical model for the COVID-19 disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photonic crystals (PC) are atomic materials that have a periodic structure on the optical wavelength scale and can inhibit light transmission at specific wavelengths. In this paper, we use the literature study method with a review of several journals to see the Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method for calculating the two-dimensional photonic bandgap. The calculation of the band gap of the photonic crystal model in this paper is carried out for a cylindrical 2D periodic lattice and the lattice structure model used is a triangular lattice and a square lattice. From the calculation results, it is concluded that the calculation results for R<0,5a do not show a bandgap. While the calculation results of R<0,5a or R>0,5a on the TM polarization show a band gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A scaling method based on dimensional analysis was recently used in the research to predict the behaviour of the full scale model. However, this approach has a little impact on the deep drawing process due to the complexity of the structures. In this paper, zeroth-order finite similitude approach based on continuum mechanics is used to overcome these limitations. In this method, two spaces are assumed (physical and trial spaces) which are scaling by using transport equations (volume, mass, momentum and energy) with different time scaling, and dimensions. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new technique which has the ability to scale the full-scale cylindrical deep drawing process where the blank sheet of the full-scale model made from magnesium and conducts under a low-velocity and comparing with trial models where the blank sheets made of steel 3034, aluminium 7074 and copper OFHC. The numerical simulation of the deep drawing under the low-velocity is investigated by using the commercial finite-element program (ABAQUS 6.14). Results showed the capability of this new approach to accurate estimation of the full-scale model behaviour from the different trial material models, also an excellent correlation given with the force-time history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic purpose of this paper is to design and construct a reliable and low-cost system for generating electricity from the sun which represents the greatest renewable source of energy in nature. To achieve this goal, the system includes four sensors that are used to track down the sun to locate optimum solar radiation, and then send this data to Arduino-Uno which functions as a controlling device for this solar energy system. Next, Arduino signals to the servo DC motors to turn the PV panels to face optimum solar radiation. Matlab program was employed for analysis, calculations, and drawing figures in this research paper. The outcomes of experiments reveal that the tracking photovoltaic panels are superior to the static photovoltaic panels in producing electricity. However, the productive capacity of solar panels decreases when their temperature rises above the desired level. Moreover, windblown dust which daily accumulates on the surface of the PV panels reduces their efficiency. Therefore, the solar system is provided with controlled water sprinklers which serve cooling and cleaning purposes. It has been proved that providing the PV panels with this smart cooling technique can maximize relative power gain by (20.0698%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to contribute to ending the electricity crisis in Iraq, as it is country rich in solar energy due to its location close to the equator. Electric power stations, which use traditional fuels, are unable to provide the population's electricity needs throughout the day. Moreover, electricity distribution lines sometimes malfunction due to high temperatures. This paper recommends solar energy as an optimal solution to the electricity problem in Iraq. Because it is renewable and environmentally friendly. The paper also focused on techniques that would improve the efficiency of the solar power system. This was achieved by designing and building a solar tracking system to absorb the largest possible amount of solar energy and increase electrical energy production, in addition to building a cooling system consisting of a small pump and nozzles that pump water in the form of a volatile mist to get rid of excess heat from the solar panels at the temperature It rises to extreme levels. The system is also equipped with a cleaning mechanism to rinse the solar panel once, which is harmful to getting dirt and dust because dust is the negative factor that affects the generation capacity of the solar panels. The solar tracking system and the cleaning system are operated by a control unit made in the local markets that work with the Internet of Things (LOT) system and is programmed in the Python language and depends on data completely on the Internet. As for the cooling system, it supplies energy during the day directly from the solar panel, depending on the temperature sensor. The results reveal that the solar tracking, cooling, and cleaning system has significantly improved the production capacity of the solar system and can achieve an energy gain of 39.68%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the design of power electronics converters, the operating temperature of semiconductor devices is vital. In this paper, the electrical model is integrated with a more accurate thermal model, which was performed in a circuit simulator and includes a temperature-dependent power losses model. The bidirectional DC-DC converter operating concept and performance are investigated in this work. The PLECS simulation software is utilized to simulate the high-voltage and the low-voltage side switches, both of which have switching losses. In this paper, the performance of two prominent non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters (CUK and Buck-Boost) is studied. The SCT50N120 MOSFET model is employed to compare the performance of the two selected converters with an output power of 1 kW. The comparison is based on two nominated ambient temperatures which are 25 °C and 40 °C. A thermal simulation is performed to estimate the safe, better temperature for the MOSFET and higher efficiency. The results show that the Cuk converter exhibits better temperature and fewer losses than the buck-boost converter with the selected operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper described a hybrid methodology for analyzing a three-phase, four-pole, 1500 W brushless direct current (BLDC) motor. The motor is simulated and analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink with the assistance of RMXprt software to provide some motor missing data, since the motor is not available locally, also to use RMXprt simulation results to compare MATLAB results at full load operating performance, which includes efficiency, current, total losses, output power, and speed. The methodology of this paper succeeded in utilizing a combination of two software MATLAB and RMXprt in analyzing electric machines even with missing some machine data. The performance results of the BLDC motor taken from both software showed a good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, multi-element detection and tracking is an essential application of computer vision, including civilian or military surveillance systems. However, the precision and system's capacity to track cars is the key challenges these systems experience in their work. the speed of system interaction, and the reduction of noise associated with the video sequences captured by the system. Therefore, vehicle detection is an important stage in vehicle tracking. The approach to finding moving cars in a video is known as tracking. Vehicle tracking has many applications, including robot vision, traffic control, video surveillance, and simulation. Over the years, many scientists have sought to design useful and efficient algorithms. In this paper, a Kalman filter (KF) was developed to identify and track moving vehicles. The topic of vehicle monitoring and tracking with a fixed camera is addressed in this work. This includes a three-stage work in the first stage, the acquired video is converted to frames and the video is converted from RGB to gray in the first step of preprocessing, then the salt and pepper noise is eliminated using an average filter technology. Background subtraction is performed in the next phase of moving vehicle detection and extraction due to its ability to handle complex backgrounds and appearance changes due to lighting and size, and vehicle detection. The exposed front part is cleaned by applying the shaping process. The detected object is marked as a vehicle with a bounding box. The vehicles are then tracked using a Kalman filter in the next stage. This paper aims to identify and track vehicles in video frames sequence. An average filter was used to remove 70-80 percent of the noise during the noise reduction step. Since the noise, presumably salt and pepper, is less complex than that of the Wiener filter, an intermediate filter was used in place of the Wiener filter. KF was used as a discretionary filter during the tracing step. We conclude that the accuracy of the composite detection achieved using the Kalman filter approach is about 94 percent. It is a great technology for tracking the movement of moving vehicles and has a lot of potential in a traffic control system. The complete system was developed and tested using MATLAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an original algorithm for automatic resolution of a multitude of conflicts in real airspace, the code and the calculation method being explained in detail in this paper. In this proposed new form, the generated algorithm also takes into account the problems that are previously detected and thus proposes a method to solve all these problems that inevitably appeared in the scientific research process. The problem of automating Air Traffic Control is an extremely important problem, which is continuously studied, because it offers a concrete solution in the conditions of exponential growth of air traffic, an increase that is estimated for the next 30 years as a pressing problem that requires early resolution. A fully automated solution will thus increase air efficiency while increasing air traffic safety, while certainly reducing the amount of effort for today's Air Traffic Controllers. The new form of implementation of this algorithm is expected to be much faster and more efficient in successfully resolving all the multitude of air conflicts. Also, the new algorithm can resolve existing conflicts between aircraft and if there is no solution that is strictly based on changing the flight speed of the aircraft considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented paper is dealing with the UHPC specimens, which have been reinforced by basalt fibres. Primarily, the experimentally investigated specimens were subjected to three-point bending test, in order to evaluate fracture properties, such as Fracture energy Gf and Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) KI. The bending tensile strength fcf was evaluated as well. Measured mechanical parameters were observed and evaluated after one month of curing process. The results, presented in the paper, are part of the extensive material research supported by Czech Science Foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a model of generation of the powder bed which is a part of the modeling platform for the simulation of the additive manufacturing (AM) technologies to study physical mechanisms and oriented firstly on selective laser melting (SLM) process. In the paper, several variants of the model developed and adopted for the platform are reviewed, compared, and analyzed in terms of possibilities. Some simulation results are presented. The powder deposition results are transferred from the model to another part of the platform for simulation of the SLM process, and the simulation results are also presented. The novelty of the presented platform, which contains the powder deposition model, is the creation and modeling of one layer with several tracks of laser movements during the SLM, the possibility to design the complex technology, and its optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on kinematics theory, this paper proposes a computational tool that can rapidly assess the damage mechanism of aggregates in masonry structures. In this approach, some pre-assigned local mechanisms are assessed on a three-dimensional (3D) model of the whole aggregate, on which the shape of the involved macro-blocks is directly modelled. The method uses the principle of virtual work to calculate the horizontal load multiplier, judge the local failure mechanism, and carry out the reinforcement design. The method realizes coding in AutoLIS language function, uses AutoCAD software to model, and then realizes operation. The case analysed in the paper is an example from the 17 masonry aggregates located in the historical centre of Arsita. This aggregate is referred to as "Il Torrione". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to development of the evolutionary modelling approach for solving project management problems in IT sectors in dynamic setting. The usage of an evolutionary model for the project management is determined by the advanced methodology, constructive software and effective visualization. The proposed approach is treating an IT project not as an indivisible elementary activity in an IT-company, but as internally organized structure, requiring resource allocation. Within the framework of the proposed approach, the paper presents three models that evolve from the basic model to the complex one and cover all necessary aspects of project management. The models take into account three dimensions: large-scale IT-company project management issues, small IT-company management with unified project team, and the most detailed personalized project team approach, allowing accounting each staff member individual contribution and productivity. The developed models are unified, scalable and invariant to the project complexity by their structure, so they can be easily adapted to the wide range of tasks. Simulation experiments conducting via the proposed evolutionary models enables visualization of the project dynamic process over the time horizon and provides analysis of related aspects along the entire management chain from the employees' appointment to the project personnel training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the analysis of the economic growth model with CES-production function. The elasticity parameter of this function varies up to its limit value of one. In the limit case of the unit elasticity, the production function turns into Cobb-Douglas type. A special attention in the paper is devoted to this limit transformation and its impact on the stabilized solutions. Numerical examples finalize the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we show briefly outcomes of a pedagogical study using numerical methods, in particular the Arithmetic of Infinity, in teaching infinity for undergraduate level (for the detailed study, see [15]). This methodology, introduced by Yaroslav Sergeyev in 2003, provides a new way to deal with infinite quantities and infinitesimals. Though it is different from the methods used in traditional mathematics, those which are adopted in most school curriculums worldwide, yet it doesn't contradict those methods. The study presented in this paper highlights students' beliefs of mathematical infinity, as well as their ability to learn and use the new methodology. The results of evoking the Arithmetic of Infinity in school teaching seemed to be promising as it provides easy methods for computing infinite quantities and infinitesimals. In addition, students' beliefs of the mathematical infinity turned to be more confident and positive after being subject to the new method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is aimed at performing numerical simulations of the behavior of a planar model system consisting of a spherical absorber located in a supporting convex spherical cap. The derived system of nonlinear differential equations is subjected to a numerical solution. First, the time response of the system to harmonic excitation is analyzed. For this excitation, the frequency of the excitation was gradually changed, thus, resonance curves were created. This paper also examines the effect of initial conditions. For this purpose, numerical simulations of the system without an external excitation source have been performed. The results are phase portraits for selected pairs of initial conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is focused on the determination of mechanical fracture parameters of alkali-activated concrete (AAC) specimens of nominal dimensions 80 × 80 × 240 mm with central notches of the following types: straight-through notch, chevron notch with 90° notch angle and chevron notch with 120° notch angle. In accordance with the results of the experimental research, a numerical simulation of the fracture test of the specimens tested in three-point bending was carried out. The 3D FEM computational model is based on the configuration of the laboratory test and was developed in ATENA-GiD software. Artificial neural network (ANN)-based inverse analysis was used to identify the mechanical fracture parameters of studied composite. A neural network ensemble was created, with one robust network for each type of notch, covering the entire domain of identified parameters. The main goal of this paper is to present the results of the identification of the mechanical fracture parameters of the AAC and their comparison with the values obtained by direct evaluation of the experiments. Another objective is to investigate the influence of the notch type on the mechanical fracture parameters of the AAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the evaluation of the fracture test of high-strength structural (HSS) steel grades S460 using a finite element (FEM) numerical model. Steels with better strength characteristics may exhibit different stress-strain diagram behavior and therefore material models need to be adequately prepared. The numerical model, which accurately simulates the experiments, was prepared using known information from tensile testing of high-strength steel. The aim is to determine the material parameters with high accuracy using inverse analysis so that complex numerical models of building structures such as steel halls and bridges can be prepared. The paper contains results from an experimental investigation compared with results from a numerical model of a tensile fracture test. Due to the good agreement, the derived material parameters can be applied in future research on high-strength structural steel in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews an approach for formulation of an effective and accurate numerical model for description of brick firing processes in tunnel kilns. Within the paper, the key parts of the model are described and the motivation for introduction of those features given. The authors opinions are accompanied by preliminary results of a newly formulated model that is still being developed and will be published soon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, by implementing bosonic p-adic integral to some identities regarding the generalized and the non-central factorial coefficients, we derive some formulas that involves the first kind Stirling numbers and Bernoulli numbers, and also the Daehee numbers. Finally, we bring to an end of the paper by providing some concluding remarks with further observations on the findings of the current paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of telecommunications technologies (ICT) and especially the internet has changed and continues to change the ways of teaching and learning. Educational organizations are becoming heavily dependent on ICT for the effective performance of daily tasks. Lately, the concept of "Bring your own device" (BYOD) has been implemented to support better education. In this paper the teachers' and students' opinions are analyzed and reasoned by generation characteristics. This paper adds to previous research on BYOD by highlighting key opinions of the users as well as providing a brief summary of research done between 2016–2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document is a preface to the Proceedings of the International Conference on Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics 2022 (ICNAAM-2022). The conference aims to bring together leading scientists in the field of Numerical and Applied Mathematics and attract high-quality research papers. The selection of papers included in the volume was based on an international peer review process. The preface expresses gratitude to the Scientific Committee, organizers, invited speakers, and others involved in the conference. It also mentions the inclusion of the Proceedings in the AIP Conference Proceedings series. The document provides information about the conference details, the European Society of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering (ESCMSE), and the categories of membership in the society. [Extracted from the article]

The rapid development of new technologies and artificial intelligence offers the field of railway transports and not only that, a series of opportunities related to the aspects of safety, security, performance and other concerns that this sector faces. This paper presents the implications that artificial intelligence can have in railway transports and the relationship between this technology and the transport system. The implications of artificial intelligence in the field of rail transport can cover a wide range of problems that the system faces, such as: safety and security, maintenance and inspection, management and planning, driving and control of railway vehicles and, last but not least, passengers' mobility. This paper provides an overview of the role of artificial intelligence in the development of railways and what it can offer not only at the level of track maintenance, but also at the level of management and decision-making. Despite the rapid development of these new technologies, artificial intelligence research in the railway sector is still in its infancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gamification is not a new term nowadays and was coined back in the year 2002. It started becoming a hot topic when Gartner, technological research and consulting firm based in Stamford rewrote and emphasized it in their CIO New Year resolution 2011. Since then, gamification has achieved multiple objectives ranging from business, employee satisfaction, innovation skill development, and changing behaviour. Curios regarding how this gamification can be used to increase motivation in people lead to this paper. In this paper, an overview of 2795 paper articles and publications related to the area of gamification and motivation from the Scopus database (2011-2022) was conducted. The result of the bibliometric analysis for this research area was made using the VOSviewer program. This bibliometric analysis will give interested researchers in gamification and motivation a starting step to venture into this trend of gamification and motivation toward young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The migration of data between NoSQL databases faces challenges due to the heterogeneity of the data schema and storage paradigm between the data-bases. In addition, the flexibility of storage paradigm allows non-standardized schema between records in NoSQL database. For example, in MongoDB, documents within the same collection could have different schema. However, this flexi-schema may cause difficulties in data migration as there is without any standard data schema to follow by for the target data-base during data migration. This paper proposed a migration method ap-plied to suit the different data model or schema for different NoSQL databases. The paper focus on the migration between document-based database and column-based database. The paper also discusses on the database schema of the target database that need to store and support the data that is with different schema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the advancements of handling occlusions for Augmented Reality (AR) introduces neural network-based image segmentation methods. However, it comes with increased computational costs. There has been some research that try to tackle this issue. Therefore, this paper compiles and reviews the recent articles that covers on this topic in order to identify the current achievements and the future works. The structure of this paper consists of explaining the basics of neural network-based image segmentation, discussing the methods in the published articles and suggesting expected future improvements. 14 articles were identified and 6 of them are discussed in this article. From the discussions, it is found that the common image segmentation methods comprise of semantic and instance segmentation, with instance segmentation giving more accurate and robust results for tracking objects but with higher computational costs. Some methods also incorporate depth-based techniques and 3D reconstruction to improve the accuracy. Based on the advancements, it is concluded that future works on this topic will be more on improving instance segmentation methods in order to reduce the computational costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customer profiling is one of the important aspects for retailers or service providers used in analyzing consumer characteristics and needs. To build a customer profile, various customer information can be used ranged from demographic information (such as age, gender, salary, address) to customer behavior (such as the frequency to visit shop and money spent). Due to the enormous amount of information available, it becomes inefficient to analyze it through descriptive analysis. Instead, data mining can be used to cluster and summarize the huge amount of information without much information loss. This paper discuss method of utilizing LRFMP (Length Recency Frequency Monetary Periodicity) model and K-means clustering in data mining techniques to perform customer profiling. Furthermore, this paper will describe the evaluation of this work which is based on Elbow method, Silhouette Index, Davies-Bouldin Index, and Calinski Harabasz test. The result suggested LRFMP model is a viable model in customer profiling when use together with K-means clustering technique despite some variable may had contributed less than another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most widely renewable technologies used to generate power. In this paper, smart monitoring and fault detection on the off-grid solar system is proposed and designed to improve the solar PV system's operation more effectively. Environmental conditions, equipment interference, and changes in existing parameters normally cause problems in the system. A real-time monitoring system is required to monitor the performance of the solar PV system circuit. The internet of things (IoT) is used in this project to directly observe the energy in the system via an application platform. Also, this paper discussed solar PV system faults detection based on the difference in voltage and current values measured during usual and unusual periods based on parameters value. This project will reduce the time and effect in searching for faults in the solar system. The results show several categories, including open circuits and short circuits, are classified as faults in this system. In general, the fault detection system and smart power utilization using IoT monitoring for the photovoltaic system is the focus of this project's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This concept paper explores the challenges faced by employees from various industries as the world faces the COVID-19 pandemic at this point. The current situation finds that employees cannot go out to work face to face or are not allowed to come to the office physically as usual as a result of this COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Furthermore, all citizens from almost all countries are involved in the implementation of the movement control order (MCO). However, jobs that involve day-to-day operations in the organisation still need to carry out their activities as usual for the sake of the survival of their respective organisations. Thus, there are various online platforms that are used to enable activities in the organisation to continue in the interest of stakeholders. To continue daily work activities there are several online platforms that are often used as communication media in organisations such as 'Google Meet', 'Google Classroom', 'Zoom', 'Webex', 'Microsoft Team' and 'Skype'. When the COVID-19 pandemic situation was announced to have subsided, there were organisations that adopted hybrid methods where online and face-to-face communication media were practiced for the purpose of discussions and meetings. This concept paper aims to identify the challenges faced by employees throughout working from home (WFH) when faced with this COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers have proposed three (3) recommendations in facing employee challenges throughout WFH with reference to Sociotechnical Systems Theory (STS) and Motivation-Hygiene Theory based on reference highlights of papers reviewed from 15 journals in previous studies. The results of this study can contribute to knowledge and in addition to the highlights of the work for this topic, especially to employers and employees who practice the concept of WFH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper investigates the effects of body weight and physical activities on the electrical generating capability of piezoelectric generators. The objectives of this paper include investigating the application of piezoelectric generators in converting mechanical energy from human activities to generate electricity, assessing the effect of active and sedentary activities on piezoelectric generation, and evaluating if different body weight affects the electrical output. To accomplish these objectives, two piezoelectric generators were built. The first generator was built to harvest electrical energy from jumping, walking, and running, and the second was built to harvest electrical energy from sitting. Next, an Arduino device was programmed as an oscilloscope to track the power output from the piezoelectric device. The experiment's sample size was five participants, with three males and two females. The results of the investigation concluded that active activities are more capable of producing higher amounts of power than sedentary activities. However, fatigue is observed when doing active activities, whereas sedentary activities do not show any sign of fatigue. Furthermore, this experiment reported that the body weight factor does not significantly affect the final power generation due to a possible limitation of the piezoelectric material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), being the most common genetic variation, is found to be responsible for traits and complex diseases such as asthma. Polygenic risk scoring (PRS) and machine learning (ML) are the current two common types of genetic risk prediction models. PRS employs statistical association testing to identify alleles with risk. However, it was found not performing well in unraveling the SNP-SNP interactions and attaining low predictive value. In contrast, ML algorithms are more robust in detecting disease associated SNPs, resulting in an improvement in prediction performance. The challenge remains as the high dimensionality nature of SNP tends to cause overfitting problems and impact the classifier performance. This paper introduces a two-stage hybrid feature selection that integrates Mutual Information and Random Forest Recursive Feature Elimination for identifying informative SNPs from 176,287 SNPs in a dataset of 128 asthmatic and non-asthmatic samples. The reduced samples based on the identified informative SNPs are then used with Support Vector Machine to train a classification model. The model from this paper outperforms other ML models with an average accuracy, precision, recall and area under the curve of 98.91%, 98.36%, 99.72% and 0.99 respectively. Additional analysis shows that the genes associated with the top selected SNPs, namely Ring Finger Protein 217 (RNF217) and A-kinase-anchoring protein 6 (AKAP6) are correlated with respiratory diseases. This shows that the proposed method can identify important SNPs that are able to differentiate between asthmatic and non-asthmatic samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent models that tackle classification problems have shown that it can be developed using different algorithms that are available to use. Therefore, adding an additional level of complexity during the construction of such models. This paper focused on implementing Naive Bayes classification algorithm to the Optimized Electronic Nose System (OENS). Furthermore, the current implementation of the classification layer in OENS is by the usage of the SVM classification algorithm. This paper implemented and presented the results of the implementation of Naive Bayes algorithm by using the same dataset used during the development of OENS. In addition, the development of the Naive Bayes model was done by the usage of the WEKA tool. Apart from that, this paper served as an experiment to compare the results the Naive Bayes algorithm provided compared to the SVM algorithm used during the development of OENS. The classification model that was developed using Naive Bayes algorithm had an accuracy of 89.7% which is lower than the current accuracy of OENS classification model which is 98.1%. Therefore, the implementation of SVM for this problem has been deemed to be better than Naive Bayes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid UAVs have unique capabilities to take-off and land vertically. For these unique vehicles, there are several ways to achieve these phases of flight successfully. This paper proposes four strategies for a convertible hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle, to transition from forward flight to hover, and then land vertically. Strategy 1 and Strategy 2 suggest reducing forward airspeed gradually to zero while maintaining altitude by regulating the workload between the four motors and the main engine. The difference between these two strategies is the speed of reducing the forward airspeed to begin hovering. Strategy 3 proposes gradually losing altitude while reducing forward airspeed until transition airspeed is reached and hovering to commence. Strategy 4 suggests a way to drop the aircraft vertically by deep stalling in effort to lose altitude quickly but engage the four motors before the aircraft reach the ground. The paper concludes with a brief description of the role of the automatic flight control systems responsible for regulating this transition phase for convertible hybrid UAVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the increase of online learning platforms, obtaining learning behavior data from students, are becoming easy. However, analyzing the data to extract meaningful information remains challenging due to the data volume and complexity. Here, we apply Self-organizing Maps (SOM) to visualize the learning characteristics of many elementary students over many online assignments in mathematics class. As a case study, this research used the data log of MONSAKUN, a digital learning environment that focuses on exercising arithmetic using story-based questions by using a problem-posing approach with the integration of mathematical sentences. Our primary objective is to give intuitive understanding to the teachers regarding the students' performance that subsequently allows the teachers to generate meaningful advices. Here, SOM generates a two-dimensional map that preserved the topological order of high-dimensional learning characteristics data, in which students with similar learning characteristics are located close to each other, while students with significantly different characteristics are distanced from each other. We are interested especially in locating low-performing students, as they are the most important to be given advice by the teachers. By locating the low-performing students and other students in their vicinity on the map, the teacher may be able to use other students as references for improving the low-performing students' performances. The idea is to mimic the learning characteristics of the students designated as references. Due to the learning characteristics similarity, the low-performing students do not need to make drastic changes in their learning styles. It can be expected that by iterating this process over many assignments, the students' performances will gradually be improved. In this paper, we utilized a digital learning platform MONSAKUN, for learning arithmetic used in Japan. In this paper, we present our preliminary results in the form a learning-visualization of characteristics students of analytical and advisory tools and described our future goals for building a more flexible and general tool that can be deployed in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to create/proposea new hybrid root finding algorithm to solve the given transcendental equations. The algorithm proposed in this paper is built on the trigonometrical algorithm using hyperbolic tangentfunction to find a root. Couples of numerical examples and one sample computations are presented to explain the proposed algorithms, efficiency and accuracy. Implementation of the proposed algorithms is presented in a mathematical software tool Maple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with distinct problems of a woman faced in the social hierarchical order. This paper finds the significance of the title "The Inheritance of Loss". The main focus of this paper is to see how a deserted woman is degraded by the husband and predicament status of a widow in the society. It also discusses the elements of terrorism and political issues and a subaltern treated by the judge. This paper discuses on various post-colonial issues like the issues of poverty and subalternity. This paper also discloses people's longing and losses which are essential part of loss. This paper focuses the ordinary life of poor people in the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the reasons behind lack of communication skills of rural area students have been examined. The data for this study have been collected by observing English classrooms of rural schools, students of rural areas and also on the researcher's own experience of living with rural area students. The current study attempts to demonstrate the importance of English language and difficulties of rural area students in acquiring the second language. English language learning became compulsory for an individual to attain opportunities in today's world as it is a global language. The paper investigates the different factors influencing English language learning in rural areas and it examines English language education in rural Telangana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Paper deals with sufferings of lower-caste people. It brings out the logical consequence of an oppression and domination of a man. It finds the presentment of 'India's Darkness and India's Light'. It presents how a chauffeur breakdown the Rooster Coop. It shows the anticipation of Balram about his master. It presents how a poor man emerges as a successful entrepreneur. It describes the title's symbolization. This paper represents India as an emerging entrepreneurial power in the modern days. This paper employs that the class conflict and how the deprived one's struggle for achieving a right position in the world. It also explains that the oppressors change from place to place but the sufferings of the oppressed class never change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a brief summary of some linguistic characteristics of Lambada language. Lambada is a nomadic tribal language spoken by many speakers in India. Most of the linguistic features of Lambada are similar to those of various Indo-Aryan Languages like Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, and Rajasthani etc. In spite of the massive borrowing of lexical items, Lambada has retained several linguistic features that are not found in other Indo-Aryan Languages. This paper attempts to look at various basic linguistic features of Lambada language such as speech sounds of Lambada, phonological processes and grammatical features in a brief note. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A system which recognizes hand poses and gestures from the Indian Sign Language (ISL) in real time using grid-based features is presented in this paper. An attempt is made to minimize the gap between the hearing and speech impaired and the rest of the people in the society. The solutions that are existing now neither provide relatively high accuracy nor do good work in real time. Good results on both these parameters are provided in this paper. Some gestures and 33 hand poses from the ISL can be identified using grid-based features. A smart phone camera is used to capture the sign language and are transmitted to remotely placed server in the form of frames. It is user friendly and external hardware usage is thus avoided. For hand detection and tracking, techniques such as skin color segmentation, face detection and object stabilization are used. Further to represent the hand's pose in the form of feature vector, the image grid-feature extraction technique is implemented on the image. K-nearest neighbors' algorithm is used to classify the hand poses. Hidden Markov Model chain is fed with the motion and observation sequence of intermediate hand poses to classify the gestures in which 12 gestures are predefined in ILS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]