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2. Extreme Heat Affects Early Childhood Development and Health. Working Paper 1
- Author
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Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, Early Childhood Scientific Council on Equity and the Environment (ECSCEE)
- Abstract
Personal experience, common sense, and science all confirm that temperatures are rising across the United States and around the world. Record-setting heat waves are occurring with greater frequency and lasting longer than ever before. This working paper is the first in a series focusing on the ways that environmental conditions shape young children's development. Heat is just one component of a set of interrelated conditions that affect how children's bodies and brains develop. This working paper offers a summary of current knowledge about how heat impacts developing biological systems.
- Published
- 2023
3. Frequency and Content of the Last Fifty Years of Papers on Aristotle's Writings on Biological Phenomena.
- Author
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Sharpley CF and Koehn C
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- Animals, Insecta, Writing, Biology, Biological Phenomena
- Abstract
Aristotle is often named as the first zoologist or biologist because of his writings on animals. Although Aristotle's major intention in these books was to illustrate his ideas of how knowledge and understanding might advance, at least one modern biologist (C. Darwin) has recognized Aristotle's depth and breadth as being of surviving merit. Of greater surprise is the ongoing attention that his works continue to receive, including publications in contemporary scientific journals. This review identifies 38 peer-reviewed papers on various topics from Aristotle's biological writings that have been published during the last 50 years. These papers are described according to content (genetics, population biology, anatomy, brain, movement), specific creatures (fish, scorpions, elephants, insects, birds), publication outlet, distribution over the fifty year period surveyed, and visible trends in the topics studied. It is concluded that, in the highly-competitive field of peer-reviewed scientific publication and citation, Aristotle's biology continues to excite the interest of scientists and remains salient to modern science itself., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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4. How Do Readers at Different Career Stages Approach Reading a Scientific Research Paper? A Case Study in the Biological Sciences
- Author
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Hubbard, Katharine E., Dunbar, Sonja D., Peasland, Emma L., Poon, Jacquelyne, and Solly, Jeremy E.
- Abstract
Reading primary research literature is an essential skill for scientists. However, the high complexity of research papers may pose a barrier to the development of scientific literacy. In semi-structured interviews, we explore how 33 biologists including undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers approach reading an unfamiliar scientific paper. We find that some readers are data-centric, focusing on their own critical evaluation of the data presented, whereas others adopt a more narrative-centric approach, relying on the descriptions of authors to inform their understanding. There was a bias towards undergraduates adopting the narrative-centric approach and researchers adopting the data-centric approach. All postdoctoral researchers and academics prioritised critical interpretation of the data, indicating this is a characteristic of experienced scientific readers. The ability to demonstrate scientific reading skills was context-dependent, particularly with respect to time available and whether a paper aligns well with a reader's specialist area of knowledge. Inexperienced readers often lacked sufficient prior knowledge on which to base their reading, which represented a barrier to their engagement. We make recommendations for how scientific literacy should be developed within undergraduate teaching and beyond, noting that 'one-off' teaching strategies are insufficient when the development of scientific reading skills is a career-long process.
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- 2022
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5. A Comparison of Paper-Based and Computer-Based Formats for Assessing Student Achievement
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Scrimgeour, Meghan B. and Huang, Haigen H.
- Abstract
Given the growing trend toward using technology to assess student learning, this investigation examined test mode comparability of student achievement scores obtained from paper-pencil and computerized assessments of statewide End-of-Course and End-of-Grade examinations in the subject areas of high school biology and eighth-grade English Language Arts and math. Propensity score matching was used to generate comparable groups of students who were assessed using paper-pencil or computer-based formats. T-tests and generalized linear models were further used to examine test mode effect. Analyses revealed a small test mode effect for all three subjects such that students using the paper-based format achieved higher scores than students using the computer-based format. The findings are germane to school districts transitioning to computerized assessments and investigating test mode comparability.
- Published
- 2022
6. Proceedings of International Conference on Humanities, Social and Education Sciences (iHSES) (Denver, Colorado, April 13-16, 2023). Volume 1
- Author
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International Society for Technology, Education and Science (ISTES) Organization, Mack Shelley, Mevlut Unal, and Sabri Turgut
- Abstract
The aim of the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (iHSES) conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, discuss theoretical and practical issues, and connect with the leaders in the fields of "humanities," "education" and "social sciences." It is organized for: (1) faculty members in all disciplines of humanities, education and social sciences; (2) graduate students; (3) K-12 administrators; (4) teachers; (5) principals; and (6) all interested in education and social sciences. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2023
7. Science Teacher Educators' Engagement with Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Scientific Inquiry in Predominantly Paper-Based Distance Learning Programs
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Fraser, William J.
- Abstract
This article focuses on the dilemmas science educators face when having to introduce Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) to science student teachers in a predominantly paper-based distance learning environment. It draws on the premise that science education is bound by the Nature of Science (NOS), and by the Nature of Scientific Inquiry (NOSI). Furthermore, science educators' own PCK, and the limitations of a predominantly paper-based distance education (DE) model of delivery are challenges that they have to face when introducing PCK and authentic inquiry-based learning experiences. It deprives them and their students from optimal engagement in a science-oriented community of practice, and leaves little opportunity to establish flourishing communities of inquiry. This study carried out a contextual analysis of the tutorial material to assess the PCK that the student teachers had been exposed to. This comprised the ideas of a community of inquiry, a community of science, the conceptualization of PCK, scientific inquiry, and the 5E Instructional Model of the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study. The analysis confirmed that the lecturers had a good understanding of NOS, NOSI and science process skills, but found it difficult to design interventions to optimize the PCK development of students through communities of inquiry. Paper-based tutorials are ideal to share theory, policies and practices, but fail to monitor the engagement of learners in communities of inquiry. The article concludes with a number of suggestions to address the apparent lack of impact power of the paper-based mode of delivery, specifically in relation to inquiry-based teaching and learning (IBTL).
- Published
- 2017
8. Biology Undergraduate Students' Graphing Practice in Digital versus Pen and Paper Graphing Environments
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Gardner, Stephanie M., Suazo-Flores, Elizabeth, Maruca, Susan, Abraham, Joel K., Karippadath, Anupriya, and Meir, Eli
- Abstract
Graphing is an important practice for scientists and in K-16 science curricula. Graphs can be constructed using an array of software packages as well as by hand, with pen-and-paper. However, we have an incomplete understanding of how students' graphing practice vary by graphing environment; differences could affect how best to teach and assess graphing. Here we explore the role of two graphing environments in students' graphing practice. We studied 43 undergraduate biology students' graphing practice using either pen-and-paper (PP) (n = 21 students) or a digital graphing tool GraphSmarts (GS) (n = 22 students). Participants' graphs and verbal justifications were analyzed to identify features such as the variables plotted, number of graphs created, raw data versus summarized data plotted, and graph types (e.g., scatter plot, line graph, or bar graph) as well as participants' reasoning for their graphing choices. Several aspects of participant graphs were similar regardless of graphing environment, including plotting raw vs. summarized data, graph type, and overall graph quality, while GS participants were more likely to plot the most relevant variables. In GS, participants could easily make more graphs than in PP and this may have helped some participants show latent features of their graphing practice. Those students using PP tended to focus more on ease of constructing the graph than GS. This study illuminates how the different characteristics of the graphing environment have implications for instruction and interpretation of assessments of student graphing practices.
- Published
- 2021
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9. What's in a Teacher Test? Assessing the Relationship between Teacher Licensure Test Scores and Student STEM Achievement and Course-Taking. Working Paper 158
- Author
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National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research (CALDER) at American Institutes for Research, Goldhaber, Dan, Gratz, Trevor, and Theobald, Roddy
- Abstract
We investigate the relationship between teacher licensure test scores and student test achievement and high school course-taking. We focus on three subject/grade combinations--middle school math, ninth-grade algebra and geometry, and ninth-grade biology--and find evidence that a teacher's basic skills test scores are modestly predictive of student achievement in middle and high school math and highly predictive of student achievement in high school biology. A teacher's subject-specific licensure test scores are a consistent and statistically significant predictor of student achievement only in high school biology. Finally, we find little evidence that students assigned to middle school teachers with higher basic-skills test scores are more likely to take advanced math and science courses in high school.
- Published
- 2016
10. Bridging Research and Practice in Science Education: Selected Papers from the ESERA 2017 Conference. Contributions from Science Education Research. Volume 6
- Author
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McLoughlin, Eilish, Finlayson, Odilla E., Erduran, Sibel, Childs, Peter E., McLoughlin, Eilish, Finlayson, Odilla E., Erduran, Sibel, and Childs, Peter E.
- Abstract
This edited volume presents innovative current research in the field of Science Education. The chapter's deal with a wide variety of topics and research approaches, conducted in a range of contexts and settings. Together they make a strong contribution to knowledge on science teaching and learning. The book consists of selected presentations from the 12th European Science Education Research Association (ESERA) Conference, held in Dublin, Ireland from 21st to 25th August, 2017. The ESERA community is made up of professionals with diverse disciplinary backgrounds from natural sciences to social sciences. This diversity enables a rich understanding of cognitive and affective aspects of science teaching and learning. The studies in this book will stimulate discussion and interest in finding new ways of implementing and researching science education for the future. The twenty-two chapters in this book are presented in four parts highlighting innovative approaches to school science, emerging identities in science education, approaches to developing learning and competence progressions, and ways of enhancing science teacher education. This collection of studies showcases current research orientations in science education and is of interest to science teachers, teacher educators and science education researchers around the world with a commitment to bridging research and practice in science teaching and learning. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2019
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11. A Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) in Biology: Developing Systems Thinking through Field Experiences in Restoration Ecology
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Stanfield, Erin, Slown, Corin D., Sedlacek, Quentin, and Worcester, Suzanne E.
- Abstract
Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) introduce research leading to skills acquisition and increased persistence in the major. CUREs generate enthusiasm and interest in doing science and serve as an intervention to increase equity and participation of historically marginalized students. In the second-semester laboratory of our introductory sequence for biology and marine science majors at California State University Monterey Bay (CSUMB), instructors updated and implemented a field-based CURE. The goals of the CURE were to promote increased scientific identity, systems thinking, and equity at a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI). Through the CURE, students engaged in scientific writing through a research paper with a focus on information literacy, critical thinking, and quantitative reasoning as important elements of thinking like a scientist. Course exams also revealed that students showed gains in their ability to evaluate a new biological system using systems thinking. More broadly, because such field-based experiences demonstrate equity gains among Latinx students and a much greater sense of scientific identity, they may have impacts beyond introductory biology including in students' personal and professional lives.
- Published
- 2022
12. Connecting the Brain to the Rest of the Body: Early Childhood Development and Lifelong Health Are Deeply Intertwined. Working Paper 15
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National Scientific Council on the Developing Child
- Abstract
We know that responsive relationships and language-rich experiences for young children help build a strong foundation for later success in school. The rapidly advancing frontiers of 21st-century biological sciences now provide compelling evidence that the foundations of lifelong health are also built early, with increasing evidence of the importance of the prenatal period and first few years after birth. This Working Paper examines how developing biological systems in the body interact with each other and adapt to the contexts in which a child is developing--for better or for worse--with lifelong consequences for physical and mental health. It explains in clear language how these systems are affected by adversity early in life, and shows how those adaptations can result in costly, common chronic illnesses. The paper encourages us to think beyond early learning in policy and practice. It explores how policymakers, leaders of human services systems, intervention developers, and practitioners can also reduce disparities in preventable diseases and premature deaths and lower the high costs of health care for chronic illnesses that have their origins in early childhood adversity. Sections include: (1) What 21st-Century Science Is Teaching Us; (2) How Early Adversity Affects Developing Biological Systems; (3) Common Illnesses in Adults Have Roots in Early Childhood Adversity; (4) Facts About Health That Are Often Misunderstood; (5) Future Directions for Policy and Practice: Implementing Practical Strategies; Overcoming Longstanding Barriers; and (6) Final Reflections in a COVID-19 World.
- Published
- 2020
13. Learning Biology in the Early Years Through Nature Play in the Forest: An Exploratory Study from Slovenia
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Kos, Marjanca, Tunnicliffe, Sue Dale, Praprotnik, Luka, Torkar, Gregor, Hammann, Marcus, Series Editor, Yarden, Anat, Series Editor, Ergazaki, Marida, Founding Editor, Kampourakis, Kostas, Founding Editor, Zabel, Jörg, Editorial Board Member, Korfiatis, Constantinos, Editorial Board Member, Jimenez Aleixandre, Maria Pilar, Editorial Board Member, Harms, Ute, Editorial Board Member, Reiss, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Gericke, Niklas, Editorial Board Member, El-Hani, Charbel Nino, Editorial Board Member, Dawson, Vaille, Editorial Board Member, Nehm, Ross, Editorial Board Member, McComas, William, Editorial Board Member, Passmore, Cynthia, Editorial Board Member, Grace, Marcus, Editorial Board Member, Knippels, Marie Christine, Editorial Board Member, and Korfiatis, Konstantinos, editor
- Published
- 2024
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14. Announcing the 2019 Journal of Experimental Biology Outstanding Paper Prize shortlist and winner.
- Author
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Knight K
- Subjects
- Animals, Awards and Prizes, Biology, Invertebrates physiology, Vertebrates physiology
- Published
- 2020
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15. Paper to Plastics: An Interdisciplinary Summer Outreach Project in Sustainability
- Author
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Tamburini, Fiona, Kelly, Thomas, Weerapana, Eranthie, and Byers, Jeffery A.
- Abstract
Paper to Plastics (P2P) is an interdisciplinary program that combines chemistry and biology in a research setting. The goal of this project is 2-fold: to engage students in scientific research and to educate them about sustainability and biodegradable materials. The scientific aim of the project is to recycle unwanted office paper to the useful biodegradable polymer poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Through this program, students learn firsthand how chemistry and biology interact to form useful materials from waste. Students combine biological techniques, such as enzymatic digestion and fermentation, with chemical techniques, such as distillation and catalysis, to accomplish the conversion of waste paper into PLA. Through this summer program, students ultimately become familiar with diverse laboratory techniques, while learning how their scientific interests can be used to address important social problems.
- Published
- 2014
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16. Incorporating the Biological Bases of Behavior throughout Introduction to Psychology: A Review and Application of 7½ Lessons about the Brain
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Williamson, Manda J.
- Abstract
Introduction: Research suggests benefits for incorporating popular press books into courses to encourage critical thinking and student-instructor interactions about concepts. Objective: This article offers a summary and critique of "7 ½ Lessons about the Brain" by Lisa Feldman-Barrett along with pedagogical strategies for integrating the book within Introduction to Psychology courses. Teaching Implications: This popular press book affords an opportunity to incorporate a biopsychology thematic approach to Introduction to Psychology. Several pedagogical strategies using active learning and collaboration are provided. Conclusion: Choosing to include a popular press book in class to supplement student learning may benefit critical thinking about many concepts presented within "Introduction to Psychology."
- Published
- 2022
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17. International Trends in Biology Education Research from 1997 to 2014: A Content Analysis of Papers in Selected Journals
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Gul, Seyda and Sozbilir, Mustafa
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This paper provides a descriptive content analysis of biology education research papers published in eight major academic journals indexed in Social Science Citation Index [SSCI] of Thomson Reuters® from 1997 to 2014. Total of 1376 biology education research [BER] papers were examined. The findings indicated that most of the papers were published in the JBE and IJSE, and frequently studied topics were environment and ecology, genetics and biotechnology, and animal form and function. The findings were also indicated that learning, teaching and attitudes was in the forefront as the frequently investigated subject matters, undergraduate and secondary school students were mostly preferred as sample group and sample size mostly varies between 31-100 and 101-300. In addition, it was found out that interactive qualitative research designs were mostly preferred. Besides, that single data collection tool was generally used and this data collection tool included questionnaires, interviews and documents. Finally, frequency/percentage tables, central tendency measures, statistical analysis such as t-test and ANOVA/ANCOVA and content analysis were commonly used as data analysis.
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- 2016
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18. Review of the Leaving Certificate Biology Examination Papers (1999-2008) Using Bloom's Taxonomy--An Investigation of the Cognitive Demands of the Examination
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Cullinane, Alison and Liston, Maeve
- Abstract
It is widely recognised that high-stakes assessment can significantly influence what is taught in the classroom. Many argue that high-stakes assessment results in a narrowed curriculum where students learn by rote rather than developing higher cognitive skills. This paper describes a study investigating the various cognitive objectives present from Bloom's Taxonomy Educational Objectives on the Leaving Certificate biology examination. The study analysed examination papers from the past and current biology syllabuses. Analysis was also carried out to determine the marks being awarded to the different cognitive objectives. The findings show that the examination predominately includes questions that do not promote higher levels of thinking. The majority of the marks on the paper were allocated to the lower objectives of the taxonomy, suggesting students can rely on rote learning to succeed when undertaking the biology examination. This study strongly highlights how high-stake examinations have a narrow scope in terms of student achievement and shows how current biology examination procedures promote low-level learning. This low level of thinking promotes rote learning and regurgitation of facts, requiring little to no understanding of the topics. To prepare students for the working world, there needs to be a shift from only terminal exams to a mixed approach.
- Published
- 2016
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19. How do research faculty in the biosciences evaluate paper authorship criteria?
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Kassis T
- Subjects
- Humans, Peer Review, Research, Authorship, Biology, Faculty, Research Personnel
- Abstract
Authorship of peer-reviewed journal articles and abstracts has become the primary currency and reward unit in academia. Such a reward is crucial for students and postdocs who are often under-compensated and thus highly value authorship as an incentive. While numerous scientific and publishing organizations have written guidelines for determining author qualifications and author order, there remains much ambiguity when it comes to how these criteria are weighed by research faculty. Here, we sought to provide some initial insight on how faculty view the relative importance of 11 criteria for scientific authorship. We distributed an online survey to 564 biomedical engineering, biology, and bioengineering faculty members at 10 research institutions across the United States. The response rate was approximately 18%, resulting in a final sample of 102 respondents. Results revealed an agreement on some criteria, such as time spent conducting experiments, but there was a lack of agreement regarding the role of funding procurement. This study provides quantitative assessments of how faculty members in the biosciences evaluate authorship criteria. We discuss the implications of these findings for researchers, especially new graduate students, to help navigate the discrepancy between official policies for authorship and the contributions that faculty truly value.
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- 2017
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20. What's in a Teacher Test? Assessing the Relationship between Teacher Test Scores and Student Secondary STEM Achievement. CEDR Working Paper. WP #2016-4
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Center for Education Data & Research (CEDR), Goldhaber, Dan, Gratz, Trevor, and Theobald, Roddy
- Abstract
We investigate the predictive validity of teacher credential test scores for student performance in secondary STEM classrooms in Washington state. After replicating earlier findings that teacher basic skills licensure test scores are a modest and statistically significant predictor of student math test score gains in elementary grades, we focus on three subject/grade combinations--middle school math, ninth grade algebra and geometry, and ninth-grade biology--in which both current and prior year subject area test scores are available and estimate value-added models that provide within-subject estimates of the relationship between teacher licensure test scores and student achievement gains. We find that basic skills tests are modestly predictive of student achievement in middle and high school math and highly predictive of student achievement in high school biology. On the other hand, subject-specific tests are a statistically significant predictor of student achievement only in high school biology.
- Published
- 2016
21. What's in a Teacher Test? Assessing the Relationship between Teacher Licensure Test Scores and Student STEM Achievement and Course-Taking. CEDR Working Paper. WP #2016-11
- Author
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Center for Education Data & Research (CEDR), Goldhaber, Dan, Gratz, Trevor, and Theobald, Roddy
- Abstract
We investigate the relationship between teacher licensure test scores and student test achievement and high school course-taking. We focus on three subject/grade combinations-- middle school math, ninth-grade algebra and geometry, and ninth-grade biology--and find evidence that a teacher's basic skills test scores are modestly predictive of student achievement in middle and high school math and highly predictive of student achievement in high school biology. A teacher's subject-specific licensure test scores are a consistent and statistically significant predictor of student achievement only in high school biology. Finally, we find little evidence that students assigned to middle school teachers with higher basic-skills test scores are more likely to take advanced math and science courses in high school.
- Published
- 2016
22. Characteristics of papers that affect citations in the Journal of Fish Biology.
- Author
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Fenton, M. A., Fennell, H. L., and Kaiser, M. J.
- Subjects
- *
BIOLOGY , *AUTHORSHIP - Abstract
Identifying the factors that influence the citation of articles helps authors improve the impact and reach of their research. Analysis of publications in the Journal of Fish Biology between 2008 and 2021 revealed that variables such as the number of keywords, abstract length, number of authors, and page length were associated with higher impact papers. These trends applied to both review and regular papers. These findings suggest that papers that are more informative, have higher numbers of authors, and have more keywords are more likely to be cited. Adoption of some simple "best‐practice" behaviors can improve the likelihood that a paper is cited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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23. Jennifer Hobbs wins the 2015 JEB Outstanding Paper Prize.
- Author
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Knight K
- Subjects
- Animals, Exploratory Behavior, History, 21st Century, Illinois, Rats, Touch physiology, Vibrissae physiology, Awards and Prizes, Biology history
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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24. The sequential analysis of DNA interpretation and fingerprint ridge patterns on porous paper evidence
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Hegenbart, Sarah
- Subjects
Biology - Abstract
In forensic investigations, when porous substances are submitted for analysis, either fingerprint or DNA analysis can be performed. The purpose of this study was to see if it is possible to perform both fingerprint and DNA analysis on the same piece of evidence and to determine the sequence of analysis that produces the best results. Studies have focused on what fingerprint methods affect DNA analysis but have yet to focus on how DNA analysis affects fingerprint enhancement quality. There are many methods to enhance the visibility of fingerprints on porous substances, but this study chose to use ninhydrin and 1,2-indanedione. In this study, three volunteers deposited their DNA and latent prints onto five different paper substrates (money, copy paper, cardboard, cardstock, and thermal paper). The samples then went through one of the following sequences of analysis: 1) fingerprint enhancement first with ninhydrin method, 2) fingerprint enhancement first with 1,2-indanedione method, 3) DNA analysis first and then fingerprint enhancement with ninhydrin method, and 4) DNA analysis first and then fingerprint enhancement with 1,2-indanedione. The results show that the DNA analysis process significantly decreased the fingerprint enhancement quality while the fingerprint enhancement process with either ninhydrin or 1,2-indandione methods does not significantly decrease the quality and quantity of DNA. These results are important because both fingerprint enhancement and DNA analysis can be performed on the same paper substrates.
- Published
- 2023
25. Preparing Students for the Data-Driven Life Science Era through a Real-World Viral Infection Case
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Laukens, Kris, Eyckmans, Marleen, De Neuter, Nicolas, Naulaerts, Stefan, Meysman, Pieter, and Van Ostade, Xaveer
- Abstract
While computational biology and bioinformatics became an inherent part of most life science degrees, it remains challenging to encourage students to employ these diverse skills in a practical research context. In this education paper, we present a method to enable students to acquire hands-on skills by the data-driven study of complex biomolecular datasets. The course starts with a series of introductory lectures, including a practical session on Cytoscape and associated computational network biology techniques. As we believe that enabling students to work on their own research questions will increase their motivation and interest, we introduced a recent hallmark virus-host protein-protein interaction article from which the database served as a starting point for the students to develop their research goal, which was presented and discussed in a first informal meeting. Over the next two months, about four interactive sessions were held, where students presented their problems, progress and challenges and exchanged ideas to help each other reach their goals. The role of the lecturers was to assist the students with independently collecting data and exploring new software tools for their research question. We present this concept and methods, and we share our experiences from an evaluation of the student learning outcomes.
- Published
- 2021
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26. A Hypothetico-Deductive Theory of Science and Learning
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Steven T. Kalinowski and Avital Pelakh
- Abstract
This article presents a simple, cognitive theory of science and learning. The first section of the paper develops the theory's two main propositions: (i) A wide range of scientific activities rely heavily on one type of reasoning, hypothetical thinking, and (ii) This type of reasoning is also useful to students for learning science content. The second section of the paper presents a taxonomy of multiple-choice questions that use hypothetical thinking and the third section of the paper tests the theory using data from a college biology course. As expected by the theory, student responses to 24 scientific reasoning questions were consistent with a one-dimensional psychometric construct. Student responses to the scientific reasoning questions explained 36% of the variance in exam grades. Several directions for additional research are identified, including studying the psychometric structure of scientific thinking in more detail, performing randomized, controlled experiments to demonstrate a causal relationship between scientific thinking and learning, and identifying the relative contribution of other factors to success in college.
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- 2024
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27. Exposing the Hazards of Teaching 19th Century Genetic Science
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Jason McCartney
- Abstract
Science should provide students an accurate and contemporary education on genetic influence, particularly how it impacts trait variability and developmental norms. Stories involving familial, racial, and sexual differences routinely appear in the popular media and sales of over-the-counter genetic tests are mounting. Unfortunately, research suggests genetic curricula in secondary education and university courses have little impact on genetic literacy; instead they appear to amplify genetic essentialism. This position paper reports on genetic essentialism, the impact of three components of science education (teachers, students, curriculum), and critiques existing genetic lessons in two prevalent scientific disciplines, biology and psychology. Two entrenched 19th century genetic paradigms (e.g., Mendelian inheritance and behavioral genetics) are specifically examined. The paper closes with specific recommendations for improving students' genetic literacy including important contemporary genetic science (e.g., epigenetics) and instructional approaches (e.g., learning progression, refutational teaching).
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- 2024
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28. A Hierarchical Mentoring Program Increases Confidence and Effectiveness in Data Analysis and Interpretation for Undergraduate Biology Students
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Sorte, Cascade J. B., Aguilar-Roca, Nancy M., Henry, Amy K., and Pratt, Jessica D.
- Abstract
Science instructors are increasingly incorporating teaching techniques that help students develop core competencies such as critical-thinking and communication skills. These core competencies are pillars of career readiness that prepare undergraduate students to successfully transition to continuing education or the workplace, whatever the field. Course-based undergraduate research experiences that culminate in written research papers can be effective at developing critical-thinking and communication skills but are challenging to implement as class size (and student-to-instructor ratio) grows. We developed a hierarchical mentoring program in which graduate student mentors guided groups of four to five undergraduate students through the scientific process in an upper-level ecology course. Program effectiveness was evaluated by grading final research papers (including previous year papers, before the program was implemented) and surveys (comparing to a course that did not implement the program). Results indicated that primary benefits of hierarchical mentoring were improvements in perceived and demonstrated ability in data analysis and interpretation, leading to a median increase in paper score of ~10% on a 100-point scale. Future directions indicated by our study were a need to incorporate more approaches (e.g., low-stakes writing exercises) and resources into a revised program to improve outcomes for students whose primary language is not English.
- Published
- 2020
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29. Paper People
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Claire Chabot
- Subjects
art ,anatomy ,skeleton ,paper art ,collage ,biology ,Medicine - Abstract
The intersection of art and science is a space useful not only to communicate scientific concepts to the general public but also to allow those of us studying biology in depth to view our work in a different light. I myself enjoy playing with the universality of anatomy, that is its bits and pieces that compose every human being. In mixing these with an array of mediums, colours, and textures, I hope to evoke a multiplicity of emotions in the viewer.
- Published
- 2021
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30. Studies in Teaching: 2015 Research Digest. Action Research Projects Presented at Annual Research Forum (Winston-Salem, North Carolina, June 25, 2015)
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Wake Forest University, Department of Education and McCoy, Leah P.
- Abstract
This document presents the proceedings of the 20th Annual Research Forum held June 25, 2015, at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Included are the following 21 action research papers: (1) History Lives! The Use of Simulations in a High School Social Studies Classroom (Lydia Adkins); (2) Using Francophone Music in the High School French Class (Virginia Browne); (3) Fostering Public Speaking through Pecha Kucha in the High School English Classroom (Robert Ciarrocca); (4) Choosing to Read: Scaffolding Pre-Choice, Choice, and Post-Choice Reading of Student-Selected Texts (Quentin Collie); (5) Supporting Students to Ask Scientific Questions in a Biology Project-Based Learning Unit (Alexandria Packard Dell'Aringa); (6) Using Hispanic Music in the Secondary Spanish Classroom (Sarah DeMatte); (7) American Girl Rising: The Effects of Incorporating Inspirational Video into the Secondary Mathematics Classroom (Thomas Flood); (8) History as a Pathway to Social Justice Engagement (Brandon Hubbard-Heitz); (9) Constructing Explanations: How Teachers Can Support Students in Extracting Scientific Evidence from Documentaries (Rachel Key); (10) The Long and Short of It: The Effects of Sudden Fiction in the Secondary English Classroom (Rachel Koval); (11) Reflecting on Revision: Student Reflection and Metacognitive Awareness in the Writing Process (Stephen Langford); (12) Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in a Public Secondary Social Studies Class (Jacob D. Leonard); (13) Solving with Reflection: The Use of Writing in a Secondary Mathematics Course (Austin J. Love, III); (14) Problem Posing in the High School Mathematics Classroom (Jennifer Mastin); (15) Oral Presentations and the Writing Process: Improving Students' Confidence through Sharing Writing (Julia Means); (16) Exploring the Relationship between Student Filmmaking Projects and Motivation Levels in a History Classroom (Cody Puckett); (17) The Influence of Student Constructed Historical Fiction Narratives on Student Engagement and Understanding of History (John A. Reynolds, II); (18) Use of Pre-Reading Strategies in Facilitating Reading Comprehension of Authentic Texts in the Secondary Spanish Classroom (Dara Rosenkrantz); (19) The Effects of Introversion and Extroversion on Whole-Class Discussion (Lindsay Schneider); (20) Use of Authentic Film in a Secondary Spanish Classroom to Develop Language Ability and Cultural Knowledge (Spencer A. Willis); and (21) Inquiry before Instruction: How the Use of Mathematical Questioning before Presenting Methodology Affects Student Attitude and Performance (Kalyn A. Wyckoff). (Individual papers contain references, tables, and figures.) [For the 2014 Research Digest, see ED545622.]
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- 2015
31. Stability of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus varies across different paper types
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Tomo Daidoji, Hajime Miyazaki, Takaaki Nakaya, Risa Bandou, Ryohei Hirose, Takuma Yoshida, Naoto Watanabe, and Yoshito Itoh
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Paper ,Microbiology (medical) ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Virus transmission ,viruses ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,IP, inkjet paper ,PBS, phosphate-buffered saline ,Viral transmission ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ,Virus ,IPP, inkjet photo paper ,FBS, fetal bovine serum ,IAV, influenza A virus ,Influenza A virus ,medicine ,Humans ,Surface structure ,Pharmacology (medical) ,FFU, focus-forming units ,DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium ,TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious dose ,SARS-CoV-2 ,PP, plain paper ,Postcard ,COVID-19 ,MDCK, Madin–Darby canine kidney ,Orthomyxoviridae ,Virology ,Infectious Diseases ,Original Article ,Stability - Abstract
Introduction The assessment of the risk of virus transmission through papers, such as postcards, is important. However, the stability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV) on different types of papers is currently unknown. Investigation of the survival time of these viruses on different types of papers will provide insights into their risk of long-distance transport by postal items. Methods We evaluated the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and IAV, mixed with a culture medium, on the surface of postcards with various coatings, including plain paper (PP), inkjet paper (IP), and inkjet photo paper (IPP). The surface structure of each paper was microscopically assessed. Results The surface structures of PP, IP, and IPP varied greatly depending on the presence or absence, and type, of coat layer, regardless of the base material. IP and IPP surfaces were less conducive to virus survival than PP surfaces, because of the difference in surface shapes. The survival times of SARS-CoV-2 on each paper were approximately 59.8 (PP), 6.5 (IP), and 9.8 h (IPP), and significantly longer than those of IAV (10.3, 1.8, and 3.3 h, respectively). Conclusions The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via paper, such as postcards, is significantly higher than that of IAV transmission. While PP, IP, and IPP have the same base material, their surface structures differ, which affects viral stability. The IP and IPP surfaces are less suitable for virus survival. This study provides novel insights into the risks of viral transmission via paper.
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- 2022
32. Evaluation of pulp and paper making properties of Caesalpinia decapetela
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Tesema Hailu Asrat, Limenew Abate, Mesfin Getachew, and Rakesh Kumar Bachheti
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biology ,Pulp (paper) ,engineering ,Environmental science ,General Materials Science ,Forestry ,Caesalpinia ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
The world demand for paper has been increased due to the increasing population Therefore, to cop up the limited wood fiber resources introducing raw material in pulp and paper industries is necessary. The aims of this study to evaluate the pulp and paper-making properties of Caesalpinia decapetela based on proximate chemical composition, fiber morphology, pulping, bleaching, and physical test of the final product. The results proximate chemical analysis showed that C. decapetela has holocellulose content of 78.14±0.1 % and lignin content 18.0±0.04 %. Fiber morphology revealed that the fibers were 0.708 mm long, 18.63 μm width, and have 5.1 μm cell wall thicknesses. Kraft pulping of C. decapetale, was performed at different active alkali (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 %) and temperature (150, 160 and 170 °C), keeping the sulphidity 25 % constant. The pulp maximum yield 44.1 % was obtained at active alkali content of 15 %, temperature 160 °C, and cooking time 90 minutes. The effect of pulping on fiber morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy which showed the surface of fiber before pulping was tight, orderly arranged and the texture was relatively hard. After pulping, there was the removal of lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. Due to this fiber become soft loosened and contain micro-pores. Pulp produced was bleached, sheet preparation and testing were performed. The prepared paper sheets have a tensile index of 28.19 Nm/gm, burst index of 1.359 kPa m 2 / gm 1.359\hspace{0.1667em}\text{kPa}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{2}}/\text{gm} , and tear indices of 4.2 mN m 2 / gm 4.2\hspace{0.1667em}\text{mN}\hspace{0.1667em}{\text{m}^{2}}/\text{gm} . This study concluded C. decapetale can be the new raw material for pulp and paper making industries. However, pilot plant studies are required to check this raw material for the full recommendation of the pulp and paper industries.
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- 2021
33. Sterilization of paper during crisis
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Fwzah H. Alshammari and Hebat-Allah A. Hussein
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Paper structure ,Infection risk ,Materials science ,Dry heating ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,biology ,Biophysics ,Bacillus cereus ,Human decontamination ,Contamination ,Sterilization (microbiology) ,Salmonella typhi ,biology.organism_classification ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Gamma radiation ,Dry heat ,Escherichia coli ,Food science ,Respiratory pathogen ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Gamma irradiation ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Paper sheets represent one of the infection risk sources inside educational and administrative institutions under biological pandemics. So, the present study aimed to validate the efficiency of gamma radiation or dry heat techniques to sterilize contaminated paper sheets with different indicator pathogens while retaining their structure. The results showed that gamma radiation at 6, 12, or 24 kGy can successfully kill Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, and fungi such as Candida albicans. Moreover, dry heating at 100 °C for 60 min, 150 °C for 30 min, or 200 °C for 15 min can be successful in paper decontamination of all tested species. Surprisingly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs proved that gamma radiation at 6 kGy, dry heat at 100 °C for 60 min or 150 °C for 30 min or 200 °C for 15 min, is suitable for paper sheet sterilization while maintaining their structure. Ultimately, dry heat is a simple, effective, fast, safe, and inexpensive technique for paper sterilization. It may be used as a precautionary step inside educational institutions, especially during written examination periods, to ensure a safe life for academic members during biological pandemics such as COVID-19.
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- 2022
34. The Public's Understanding of 'Evolution' as Seen through Online Spaces
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Park, Hyoung-Yong and Seo, Hae-Ae
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Evolution is a central concept that unifies all areas of life sciences. Despite longstanding scientific efforts in science education, the public's scientific awareness of evolution still needs to improve. Furthermore, teaching evolution is subject to recurring controversy. This study aimed to investigate the gap between public understanding of evolution seen through online spaces and contents in a school curriculum and explore its reasons. A content analysis was conducted using data mining on a major online portal in Korea. It examined the characteristics of creating and consuming content on evolution through the online portal service based on analyzing the number of posts related to biological evolution and active participants. It also discussed the feasibility of automatic document classification to distinguish between scientific understanding and nonscientific beliefs on the evolution and related online circulating contents. The results show that there are tactics for public exposure and dissemination of creationism through online discussions. [For the full proceedings, see ED629086.]
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- 2023
35. Optimization of biodegradable paper cup packaging coated with whey protein isolate and rice bran wax as potential popcorn package
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Majid Javanmard Dakheli, Sedigheh Ganjizadeh Zavareh, and Behjat Tajeddin
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business.product_category ,Materials science ,biology ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,RSM ,food and beverages ,coating ,Paper cup ,engineering.material ,Whey protein isolate ,Coating ,engineering ,biology.protein ,TX341-641 ,Food science ,sense organs ,Rice bran wax ,business ,WVTR ,paper cup ,snacks ,Food Science ,Original Research - Abstract
Biodegradable paper cups coated with rice bran wax and whey protein isolate were designed to package popcorn. Coatings with different concentrations of whey protein isolate (5.5, 7.75, and 10% w/v) and rice bran wax (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% w/v) were applied on the outer surface of the paper cups. Thickness, color changes, Young's modulus and tensile strength, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the coated and uncoated cups, and also popcorns properties (pH, texture, and sensory properties) were evaluated. Water vapor transmission rate, Young's modulus, thickness, total color change index, and tensile strength of coated cups with the optimal coating formulation was 19.785 (g/m2 day), 11.810 (MPa), 276.583 (µm), 1.839, and 11.222 (MPa), respectively. The results showed that paper cup coating increased thickness and yellowness and reduced the brightness, Young's modulus, and WVTR. Coating had a positive effect on the pH and texture of popcorns packaged in coated cups than samples packed in uncoated cups (p, Biodegradable packaging is one of the best types of packaging that wishes not to harm the environment. Paper packaging coated with materials, such as rice bran wax and whey protein isolate, both of which are food waste, can improve paper color and resistance, and provide a good moisture barrier. This type of coating can be used in paper packaging of food such as snacks, noodle packaging, semi‐prepared foods, etc. This type of packaging can also maintain the physicochemical and sensory properties of food for a long time. Also, due to the edible nature of this type of coating, this coating can be used inside the package so that the printability of the packaging surface is not affected.
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- 2021
36. Non-destructive and Rapid Method for Monitoring Fish Freshness of Grass Carp Based on Printable Colorimetric Paper Sensor in Modified Atmosphere Packaging
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Enqiang Yin, Houbin Li, Yixiang Wang, Junwei Wen, Yu Sun, Xinghai Liu, Shibo Qiu, and Zhengjie Chen
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biology ,Food spoilage ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Analytical Chemistry ,Grass carp ,Color changes ,Modified atmosphere ,Non destructive ,Screen printing ,Environmental science ,%22">Fish ,Color response ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Safety Research ,Food Science - Abstract
The freshness indicator can detect the freshness of food through characteristic color changes, and has the advantages of high accuracy and visualization. However, existing freshness indicators cannot achieve low-cost mass production. Addressing this challenge, a printed colorimetric freshness indicator which can be used into the modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of grass carp for freshness monitoring is developed. A printable ink based on natural purple cabbage pigment, carboxymethyl cellulose, and glycerin was prepared, then it was printed in the paper by screen printing and applied to MAP. Additionally, the indicator labels were used in an application trial, which was conducted to monitor the freshness of grass carp under refrigeration (4°C) and at room temperature (25°C). The color response of freshness label was consistent with the spoilage threshold of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and trimethylamine (TMA) content in fish sample. Therefore, the paper-sensor label can be used as a simple and practical indicator for freshness monitoring of grass carp.
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- 2021
37. Adaptive Potential and Endocrine Profile of Pulp and Paper Workers in Arkhangelsk
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Viktoriya Alikina, A. E. Elfimova, and E. V. Tipisova
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Pulp (tooth) ,Endocrine system ,Adaptive potential ,Biology ,Pulp and paper industry - Abstract
Introduction. Maintaining good health and working capacity of the population is one of the main tasks of the healthcare system. Living under adverse climatic conditions of the North and being exposed to dangerous production factors of the pulp and paper industry, strongly represented in the Arkhangelsk Region, can significantly reduce the adaptive capacity of the body. Major role in providing an adequate response to the action of irritators and initiating the adaptation process is played by the neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and circulatory systems, which reflect qualitative and quantitative changes in the body while being reliable markers of homeostasis. The aim was to study the adaptive potential of workers showing the level of functioning of the circulatory system and to evaluate their endocrine profile depending on the revealed functional capabilities of the body. Materials and methods. The study involved 50 men aged 22–60 years working in the production departments of Solombala Pulp and Paper Mill (Arkhangelsk) with a body mass index of 19–25 and without earlier history of endocrine pathology. Serum levels of thyroxine-binding globulin and oestradiol were determined by means of radioimmunoassay, while serum concentrations of total cortisol, thyrotropin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, progesterone, testosterone, insulin, C-peptide, and somatotropin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The research demonstrated that in 2/3 of the examined employees of the pulp and paper mill the adaptation mechanisms were under strain, while the condition of two subjects corresponded to the physiological norm, which is characterized by good and satisfactory adaptation. Workers with decreased adaptive capabilities to the point of unsatisfactory adaptation showed increased levels of cortisol, thyroxine-binding globulin, oestradiol, C-peptide, and insulin against the background of a decrease in testosterone, progesterone, and the testosterone/oestradiol ratio. The authors recommend conducting periodic medical examinations of pulp and paper workers, including endocrine profile assessment, and monitoring changes that occur over time.
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- 2021
38. Evaluation of filter paper to transport inactivated bacteria to detect carbapenem resistance genes by multiplex real-time PCR using high-resolution melting
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Priscila Lamb Wink, Maiara dos Santos Carneiro, Marina Niada Crispim, and Afonso Luis Barth
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Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bacteria ,Ethanol ,Filter paper ,Microorganism ,Biology ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,High Resolution Melt ,Specimen Handling ,Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,Medical microbiology ,Carbapenems ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,Media Technology ,medicine ,Food microbiology ,Multiplex ,Clinical Microbiology - Short Communication - Abstract
Infections caused by resistant microorganisms are a complex global public health challenge, and the way to combat the increase of resistance is the development of more modern and faster techniques for resistance detection. This study aimed to evaluate the transport of inactivated bacteria impregnated in a filter paper disk to detect carbapenem resistance genes by multiplex real-time PCR (qPCR) using high-resolution melting (HRM). A total of 88 isolates of 10 different species of Enterobacterales harboring well-characterized carbapenem resistance genes were evaluated. A full 10-µL loop of fresh growth of bacteria were impregnated in a filter paper disk, which was left at room temperature for 2 days in order to simulate the time spent in transportation. Bacterial inactivation was performed with 70% ethanol at 15 min. Afterwards, the DNA was extracted from the paper disks for further analysis by qPCR HRM. The time of 15 min in 70% ethanol was enough to inactivate all the isolates tested. It was possible to correctly identify the presence of the carbapenem resistance gene by HRM qPCR in 87 isolates (98.87%) that were transported in the filter paper disks. Our results indicated that it is possible to use filter paper to transport inactivated bacteria and to identify carbapenem resistance genes by qPCR HRM. This alternative tends to facilitate the access to this technology by many laboratories which do not have the qPCR equipment.
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- 2021
39. #lets-discuss: Analyzing Student Affect in Course Forums Using Emoji
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Blobstein, Ariel, Gal, Kobi, Kim, Hyunsoo Gloria, Facciotti, Marc, Karger, David, and Sripathi, Kamali
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Emoji are commonly used in social media to convey attitudes and emotions. While popular, their use in educational contexts has been sparsely studied. This paper reports on the students' use of emoji in an online course forum in which students annotate and discuss course material in the margins of the online textbook. For this study, instructors created 11 custom emoji-hashtag pairs that enabled students to quickly communicate affects and reactions in the forum that they experienced while interacting with the course material. Example reporting includes, inviting discussion about a topic, declaring a topic as interesting, or requesting assistance about a topic. We analyze emoji usage by over 1,800 students enrolled in multiple offerings of the same course across multiple academic terms. The data show that some emoji frequently appear together in posts associated with the same paragraphs, suggesting that students use the emoji in this way to communicating complex affective states. We explore the use of computational models for predicting emoji at the post level, even when posts are lacking emoji. This capability can allow instructors to infer information about students' affective states during their "at home" interactions with course readings. Finally, we show that partitioning the emoji into distinct groups, rather than trying to predict individual emoji, can be both of pedagogical value to instructors and improve the predictive performance of our approach using the BERT language model. Our procedure can be generalized to other courses and for the benefit of other instructors. [For the full proceedings, see ED623995.]
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- 2022
40. Predictive model of geographical origin discrimination of paper mulberry and handmade paper using ICP-AES/MS and multivariate statistical analysis
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Tae Young Heo, Sir Lin Jeong, Tea Ho Choi, Ah Hyeon Jo, Kun Cho, and In Hee Go
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Archeology ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,02 engineering and technology ,Conservation ,01 natural sciences ,East asian region ,Fiber ,Spectroscopy ,Mathematics ,biology ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Paper mulberry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,0104 chemical sciences ,Horticulture ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Elemental analysis ,visual_art ,Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Bast fibre ,Bark ,Multivariate statistical ,0210 nano-technology ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance - Abstract
The fiber of paper mulberry, which is mostly grown in the East Asian region, varies in both length and width—even if from the same species—depending on the country, soil, and climate where it is grown. This accounts for differences in the quality of handmade paper between domestic and imported products. Once handmade paper is manufactured as sheets, its origin cannot be determined from a morphological perspective, regardless of macroscopic and microscopic observations. Therefore, this study attempted to determine the origin of Korean and imported products using mulberry bast fiber and handmade paper from a chemometrics perspective. The inorganic components of wood are absorbed from the soil and exist in the bark of trees; thus, metal and rare-earth elements in the bast fibers and handmade papers were quantitatively analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy/mass spectrometry (ICP-AES/MS). Following this, a prediction model of their origin was constructed by applying multivariate statistical analysis, i.e., a partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) loading plot was constructed, which helped in identifying the discrimination factors resulting from their origin. According to the ICP-AES results, Pb was only detected in the Gyeongbuk Mungyeong dak sample of the Korean bast fibers. The Chinese bast fiber sample had high contents of Ca, and B and Zn were detected only in the Chinese bast fiber samples. Bast fiber samples from China, Japan, and Thailand showed relatively high contents of Al, Ca, and Na. Meanwhile, Cu and Zn were detected in the handmade paper manufactured from the imported materials. According to the ICP-MS results, among the Korean handmade papers, the products from Gyeongbuk Mungyeong, Andong, and Chungbuk Goesan exhibited a high U content and that from Gapyeong had high Sc, Rb, Sr, and Ba contents. Thus, the elemental analysis employed in this study effectively identified the origin of the papers. The origin prediction by PLS-DA for the domestic and imported products revealed an accuracy of 86.4% and 72.7% for ICP-AES and ICP-MS methods, respectively, which is deemed acceptable to assess the origin. We believe this method significantly contributes to determining the origin of paper mulberry bast fiber and handmade paper manufactured in East Asia.
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- 2021
41. A Real-Time Method for Marking the Extent of a Lipid Plaque Based on IV-OCT Imaging
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Zhang, Cheng, He, Jian, Wang, Weidong, Yang, Shengqi, Zhang, Yuqing, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Editorial Board Member, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Kotenko, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Yuan, Junsong, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Sun, Fuchun, editor, Liu, Huaping, editor, and Hu, Dewen, editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. 高考综合改革背景下北京市等级考 生物学试卷特点的变化.
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孙 鹏 and 马会放
- Abstract
Copyright of Biology Teaching is the property of East China Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
43. Xylanolytic Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Industry: New Technologies and Perspectives
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Rajeev Kumar Kapoor, Pratyoosh Shukla, Guddu Kumar Gupta, and Mandeep Dixit
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Laccase ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Biomass ,Bioengineering ,Cellulase ,Raw material ,Biodegradation ,Pulp and paper industry ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biochemistry ,Xylan ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Xylanase ,Molecular Biology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry discharges massive amount of wastewater containing hazardous organochlorine compounds released during different processing stages. Therefore, some cost-effective and nonpolluting practices such as enzymatic treatments are required for the potential mitigation of effluents released in the environment. Various xylanolytic enzymes such as xylanases, laccases, cellulases and hemicellulases are used to hydrolyse raw materials in the paper manufacturing industry. These enzymes are used either individually or in combination, which has the efficient potential to be considered for bio-deinking and bio-bleaching components. They are highly dynamic, renewable, and high in specificity for enhancing paper quality. The xylanase act on the xylan and cellulases act on the cellulose fibers, and thus increase the bleaching efficacy of paper. Similarly, hemicellulase enzyme like endo-xylanases, arabinofuranosidase and β-d-xylosidases have been described as functional properties towards the biodegradation of biomass. In contrast, laccase enzymes act as multi-copper oxidoreductases, bleaching the paper by the oxidation and reduction process. Laccases possess low redox potential compared to other enzymes, which need some redox mediators to catalyze. The enzymatic process can be affected by various factors such as pH, temperature, metal ions, incubation periods, etc. These factors can either increase or decrease the efficiency of the enzymes. This review draws attention to the xylanolytic enzyme-based advanced technologies for pulp bleaching in the paper industry.
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- 2021
44. A Thematic Analysis of HBCU Biology Program Mission Statements
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Verleen McSween and Kiyarra Sealey
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Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) demonstrate success in facilitating pathways for STEM graduates into the STEM workforce, and this phenomenon has been widely documented (Gasman & Nguyen, 2014; Upton & Tanenbaum, 2014; Clewell et al., 2016). Although thematic analysis of the mission statements of HBCUs at the institutional level have been conducted (Albritton, 2012; Bryan & Stewart, 2016), similar analysis has not been conducted at the departmental or program level of many discipline- specific STEM areas at HBCUs. In the present thematic analysis, departmental and programmatic mission statements in biology at 28 HBCUs were evaluated to determine the emergent themes that characterize and potentially contribute to student retention and success in biology at HBCUs. Among all Carnegie classes, the 2 most frequent themes included: STEM/ Healthcare Workforce Preparation and Skill Development. The 2 least frequent themes were Diversity & Inclusion and non- STEM Student Science Education. This emphasis on workforce preparation and skill development at the level of the academic unit may provide additional insight into the success of HBCUs in facilitating pathways for URM graduates into advanced training programs and promoting retention of URM professionals in the STEM workforce. [For the full proceedings, see ED652228.]
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- 2023
45. The Effectiveness of an Interdisciplinary Approach in Biology Teaching in Primary School: A Comparison with Monodisciplinary Approach
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Županec, Vera, Lazarevic, Tihomir, Sekulic, Vanja, and Pribicevic, Tijana
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Interdisciplinary teaching and learning is an approach that synthesizes the curricular objectives and methods of two or more disciplines or subjects focusing on a specific topic or issue. While it is being increasingly implemented in universities, at lower levels of education there are still countries where science subjects are taught and learned fragmentarily. To assess the significance of the interdisciplinary approach in primary school biology teaching, the paper aims at an experimental verification of the effectiveness of this method in relation to the quality and retention of student knowledge, compared to the monodisciplinary approach to teaching and learning biology. The paper also describes a scenario for teaching a topic in which biological and geographical contents correlate. The study applied a pedagogical experiment with parallel groups. In total, 180 students attending two primary schools in the city of Novi Sad participated in the experiment and were divided into an experimental and a control group. The findings suggest that the interdisciplinary approach improved the quality and retention of student knowledge. The experimental group was more successful in completing tasks that required comprehension and practical application of knowledge. The study thus emphasizes the need for a professional curriculum development that would enhance the interdisciplinary correlation of various disciplines.
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- 2023
46. Linking Inclusive Narratives to Create STEM Synergy (LINCSS): A Framework for Culturally Responsive STEM Education and Engagement
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Chavarria, Sara P. and Knox, Corey
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This paper introduces a novel framework aimed at supporting non-education faculty and facilitators in creating inclusive educational programs and learning opportunities that address the needs, interests, and priorities of underrepresented individuals and communities in the field of STEM. The framework centers on the fundamental concept of understanding the learner's "why" to assist faculty in developing effective teaching strategies. The article outlines how this framework can be applied in various academic settings and contexts and provides educators and program facilitators with guidance to foster meaningful student connections. Each element of the framework is discussed, accompanied by a set of reflective questions that encourage educators to rethink and redesign their educational experiences. Furthermore, the paper illustrates the practical application of the framework through three distinct case studies that include a project-based learning program for high school students, a college undergraduate STEM course, and a summer research experience for undergraduates. By employing this framework, educators and facilitators can enhance their pedagogical practices, ensuring that traditionally marginalized voices and perspectives are elevated, acknowledged, and valued within STEM education. Ultimately, this work can contribute to a more equitable and inclusive educational landscape, fostering increased engagement and success among underrepresented learners in STEM fields.
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- 2023
47. Implementation and Student Perceptions of OneNote as an Electronic Laboratory Notebook in a General Biology Course
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Nyutu, Eva
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Paper Laboratory Notebooks (PLNs) have been used for centuries to document and archive the thoughts and work of inventors, scientists, students, and engineers. PLNs are the first formal means of scientific communication we teach our students and, in turn, a student's first training on cultivating and expressing scientific thinking. In the science teaching laboratory, PLNs are at the forefront and serve various purposes for students in the science laboratory curriculum, like good documentation practices and accurate record keeping. This paper discusses the reasons for switching to OneNote ELN, the criteria for selecting OneNote ELN software, how OneNote ELN was introduced and used in the course, and students' opinions on using this ELN. We successfully implemented the OneNote ELN in our General Biology Laboratory II sequence course for biology majors and nonmajor students entering the health professions. Students had a generally favorable response to using the OneNote ELN; 98% of students agreed that ELNs enabled them to keep a well-maintained laboratory notebook. Overall, student experience with ELNs was positive, with 85% of students indicating that they would recommend other future science laboratory courses they will be taking to adopt the OneNote ELN. In general, the OneNote ELN was viewed more positively in many respects than the PLNs in ease of its usage, access and organizing the notebook.
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- 2023
48. High School Students' Attitudes towards Learning Genetics and Belief in Genetic Determinism
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Merita Xhetani and Kristjana Lapi
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Students in high school tend to find genetics difficult to learn because it requires some crosslinked knowledge about subjects like genes, proteins, cells, tissues as well as organs and systems. It also becomes more difficult to connect and explain concepts such as the gene expression at the level of the cell to conceptualize the effect of the gene at the level of the organism. On the other hand, despite the fact that molecular genetics has progressed rapidly, its reflection in textbooks or even the qualifications of teachers in relation to the latest findings in genetics, have not responded to this pace. Here we present a survey study of Albanian high school students (grades 10-12, ages 15-19) on their attitude study genetics and their beliefs towards genetic determinisms. A number of 274 students participated in the survey, from 8 different public and private schools in the country. The response rate was higher than 90% for each group, 58.4% of the respondents were females, 32.6 0% were males and 4.1% did not answer. The mean age of the respondents was 16.8 (± 1.8) years. Students found genetics interesting, and relevant but also a difficult topic in biology (respectively: 36.5%; 33.2%: 39.2%). Their responses showed positive attitudes towards gene technology and acceptance of the use of gene editing (51.4%). Students' perception of the utility of genetics did not differ among them; female and male students had significantly different responses along attitude factors, however liking genetics was the only factor without gender difference. Our study suggests that in general students liked to study genetics and they had mostly favorable attitude towards gene technology. They are not completely convinced of genetic determinism; this is also made possible by updated books. A complete study combining the textbooks, the knowledge of the teachers, and their approaches are needed. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
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- 2023
49. An Examination of Reproduction and Development in Secondary School Biology Curricula: Türkiye and Germany
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Sena Seçil Akpinarli and Salih Levent Turan
- Abstract
Biology, a living science, is known as a balance and complement among other branches of science. Just like the science of biology, biology as a course also plays a very important role among other courses at all school types and grades. It is thought that the adults of the future should not be deprived of knowledge in the field of biology and should use every correct information they have acquired in their daily life to overcome related problems they may encounter. For the change that occurs in the individual's life to be permanent, the way to effective education is through a curriculum developed with socio-cultural, scientific and technological developments, taking into account the conditions of t he country. For example, comparing other countries' educational practices and curricula based on the results from international assessments such as PISA TIMSS. According to the PISA science scores (2018), Germany has performed above the average determined by the OECD. Therefore, current education programs in Munich are discussed as an example in this research. This study adopted document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, as the methodology. The "2018 Secondary Education Biology (9, 10, 11 and 12th Grades) Curriculum" published by the Ministry of National Education in Türkiye and the "Biology Curriculum of Germany" published by Kultusministerkonferenz were examined. While examining the documents in the study, they were subjected to content analysis. According to the findings, as in Bavaria, instead of encouraging rote learning regarding these topics for the sole purpose of university entrance purposes, Türkiye should include in curricula or teach in seminars the social and ethical aspects of HIV/AIDS, sexual/reproductive health, adolescent development, transmission and prevention of diseases, reproductive drug diagnostics, biomedical processes, opportunities, and risks. As a result, there are some differences in terms of content in the curriculum of both countries. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
- Published
- 2023
50. The Effect of Teacher Job Satisfaction on Learners' Academic Success in Biology
- Author
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Issah Ibrahim
- Abstract
This study sought to ascertain how job satisfaction affected learners' biology achievement in the New Juaben North District. The study's methodology was a survey design. The participants in the study are head teachers of senior high schools and teachers of biology in the district. To choose the participants for this particular research, purposive and random samplings were used. 84 individuals composed of the sample size, including 4 school heads and 80 biology teachers were used for this particular study. The main tool for data collection was a structured questionnaire, and the data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). According to the data analysis, 72.62% (61) of respondents were of the believed that changing teachers' working circumstances will have a favorable impact on students' academic achievement. Again, half of the biology teachers 32% (40) were of the view that their pay is insufficient and some must be done about it. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]
- Published
- 2023
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