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In the era of big data transformation, with the emergence of COVID-19, tourism has been given more social responsibilities. Tourism construction in the Yellow River Basin is an indispensable part of tourism construction in China. This paper analyzes the existing eco-tourism resources in Kaifeng City and Shandong Province, as well as the necessity and construction conditions of developing tourism. In this paper, principal component analysis is used to analyze the resource conditions, regional conditions and environmental conditions of the Yellow River tourism resources. The comprehensive evaluation model and index system of tourism resources are constructed. Big data transformation has been realized. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the current situation and potential of tourism in the Yellow River Basin, and to provide reference for the development of tourism in the Yellow River Basin during COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By exploring the coupling and coordination relationship between high-quality agricultural development and ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin, and providing scientific reference for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Ba- sin, this paper took nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin as the research object, and based on the panel data from 2012 to 2020, adopted the entropy value method, coupling coordination degree, spatial autocorrelation and spatial econometric model to study the coupling and coordination characteristics of high-quality agricultural development and ecological environment, and analyzed the spatial and temporal pattern evolution and driving factors of the coupling and coordination degree between them. The results show that the high-quality development level of agriculture and the ecological environment level in the Yellow River Basin are both on the rise, the regional pattern of the former is mainly "high in the upper and lower reaches and low in the middle reaches". The regional pattern of the latter is mainly "high in the middle and lower reaches and low in the upper reaches". The degree of coupling coordination between high-quality agricultural development and ecological environment is at a relatively low level, higher coupling coordination in the downstream than that of the middle and upper stream, there is a significant spatial agglomeration effect. Scientific and technological innovation and agricultural products trade play a significant role in the coupling and coordination level of high-quality agricultural development and ecological environment in the province (autonomous region), environmental regulation, scientific and technological innovation and agricultural trade have a significant positive space spillover effect, however, the spatial influence degree of each factor is different. In order to promote the improvement of coupling and coordination degree, the following suggestions are put forward; formulating development strategies in accordance with local conditions, strengthening interregional coordination and cooperation, and correctly playing the role of government and market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for improving the level of industrial green development in the Yellow River Basin and promoting the transformation and building industrial green development in the Yellow River Basin, the panel data of nine provinces (regions) in the Yellow River Basin from 2012 to 2021 were used to calculate the level of industrial green development in the Yellow River Basin by using entropy weight-TOPSIS model. The differences were analyzed from spatial distribution, temporal characteristics and provincial levels, and the obstacle factor diagnosis model was used to explore the main obstacle factors affecting the green industrial development in the Yellow River Basin. The results show that the level of industrial green development in the Yellow River Basin shows an over- all upward trend from 2012 to 2021, with the value increasing from 0.378 in 2012 to 0.498 in 2021. The main obstacles to green industrial development in the Yellow River Basin are industrial environmental control and industrial innovation. The main obstacle factors are the proportion of industrial pollution investment in industrial added value, industrial labor productivity, the proportion of industrial wastewater treatment funds in industrial pollution control investment, the number of valid invention patents per household of industrial enterprises above designated size, and the level of innovation capital investment. Finally, the paper put forward some suggestions to improve the level of industrial green development in the Yellow River Basin from three aspects of optimizing industrial structure, strengthening environmental governance and building green innovation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to quantitatively evaluate the impact of inter-industry water rights transfer on economy and society in the main stream of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia, the paper analyzed the impact of water rights transfer on agriculture, and the impact of water rights transfer on water use, production and operation, annual income, people's livelihood and economy of all industrial enterprises. The results show that the transfer of inter-industry water rights in the main stream of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia in 2019-2021 has driven the total investment of industrial projects to 599.58 billion Yuan, created 122 145 new jobs, the gross regional product is 44.709 billion Yuan, the industrial added value is 238.821 billion Yuan, the annual tax revenue is 19.47 billion Yuan, the newly paved road area is 13.161 7 million km², and the new green area is 30.995 million km². The agricultural output value and farmers' income have been significantly increased, local livelihood issues have been effectively solved, and ecological protection and social and economic development along the Yellow River have been promoted. The transfer of water rights between industries in the main stream of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia has alleviated the bottleneck of water resources of industrial enterprises along the Yellow River, realized the multi-win of farmers' production increase, economic efficiency increase and ecological restoration, and provided strong support for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to promote the implementation of the action of deep water saving and control in the Yellow River Basin and improve the level of intensive utilization of water resources in Shaanxi Province, this paper discussed the definition of deep water saving, using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to establish the evaluation index system of deep water saving level, evaluated the deep water saving level of cities in the Yellow River Basin of Shaanxi Province, put forward the existing problems and countermeasures, and calculated the deep water saving potential according to the deep water saving goal, which had theoretical support for the implementation of deep water saving in Shaanxi Province. The results show that in the current year, the level of deep water saving in Xi'an, Xianyang, Yan'an, Tongchuan, Baoji, Hancheng, Yangling, Yulin, Shangluo and Xixian New District is strong, and the level of deep water saving in Weinan is general. The deep water saving potential of the Yellow River Basin in Shaanxi Province during the 14th Five-Year Plan period is 323.9 million m³, which can increase the water saving potential of 82.7 million m³ compared with the general water saving situation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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It is essential to adhere to the optimization of national land use development patterns and the green development policy for achieving ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. This paper used the undesirable output SBM model to measure the green development efficiency of 36 prefecture-level cities in the restricted development zones of the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2019. It also used the Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FsQCA) method to explore the complex influence mechanism of the linkage of various influencing factors on the efficiency of green development. The results showed that: ① The green development efficiency of the restricted development zones in the whole basin showed an overall fluctuation and upward trend, and the green development efficiency of various regions in the basin varied significantly. The downstream restricted development zones had the highest green development efficiency, followed by the middle stream restricted development zones, with the upstream restricted development zones having the lowest efficiency. ② The areas with high green development efficiency in the restricted development zones of the whole basin changed from cluster distribution to contiguous distribution, the effective efficiency areas changed from being concentrated in the upper and middle reaches to the middle and lower reaches of the areas, and the green development efficiency of the restricted development zones on the southern bank of the Yellow River was significantly higher than that of the areas on the northern bank. ③ Each of these factors--the level of economic development, urbanization, environmental regulation, degree of trade openness, advanced industrial structure, and investment in science and education--could not singularly become a necessary condition for promoting the formation of high green development efficiency in the restricted development zone of the Yellow River Basin. ④ Four models were identified as those that could promote green development efficiency in the restricted development zones in the Yellow River Basin. In terms of the different types of cities, the 'environmental regulation + export-oriented economy' linkage model could promote the green development efficiency of agricultural cities in the restricted development zones of the Yellow River Basin. The linkage model of 'basic dynamic + environmental regulation + export-oriented economy + industrial upgrading' could promote the green development efficiency of resource-based cities in the restricted development zones of the Yellow River Basin. The two models of 'export-oriented economy + industrial upgrading' linkage and 'basic dynamic + industrial upgrading + science and education investment' linkage could promote the green development efficiency in the old industrial bases in the restricted development zones of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the perspective of configuration association, this paper provides policy suggestions for promoting green development in agricultural cities, resource-based cities, and old industrial base cities in the restricted development zones of the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecosystem services are the beneficial goods and services that ecosystems provide to humans. Urbanization is an important feature of human social development. While promoting economic and social development, it also brings about land degradation, resource depletion, environmental pollution and other problems, intensifying the transformation of natural ecosystems into semi-natural and artificial ecosystems, ultimately leading to the loss of ecosystem service functions and declining value. The study of the impact of urbanization on the value of ecosystem services is of critical importance for the conservation of ecosystems and sustainable development. This study examined the spatio-temporal patterns of urbanization's impacts on ecosystem service value in the Yellow River Basin from the perspective of spatio-temporal heterogeneity. Findings: (1) Both the ecosystem service value (ESV) and urbanization level (UL) in the Yellow River Basin were on the rise on the whole, but they were significantly spatially negatively correlated and mainly characterized by the high–low spatial clustering of "low ESV–high UL" and "high ESV–low UL". This negative correlation was gradually weakened with the transformation of the urbanization development mode and ecological restoration projects in the Yellow River Basin. (2) The impacts of the five urbanization subsystems on the value of ecosystem services were diverse. Landscape urbanization had a negative impact on the value of ecosystem services in all regions; economic urbanization and innovation urbanization changed from having a negative to a positive impact; and demographic urbanization and social urbanization had both a positive and a negative impact. (3) To promote the coordinated development of ecological environmental protection and urbanization in the YRB, this paper proposes to change the urbanization development model, implement ecological restoration by zoning, and formulate classified development plans. This study compensates for the shortcomings of current studies that ignore the different impacts of urbanization subsystems on ecosystem service value and lack sufficient consideration of the spatio-temporal heterogeneity characteristics of urbanization and ESVs, enriches the theoretical understanding of the interrelationships between natural and human systems in basin areas, and provides a scientific basis for the rational formulation of urban planning and ecological protection policies in the region, which is of great theoretical and practical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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How to raise the ecological compensation fund for the Yellow River Basin is one of the key difficulties for executing the ecological compensation mechanism and ensuring the high-quality development of the entire basin. This paper, which is based on systems theory, analyzes the social-economic-ecological compound system of the Yellow River Basin. It makes the point that the goals of human-water harmony, ecological compensation efficiency improvement, and coordinated regional development should be achieved in raising ecological compensation funds. Guided by the raising targets, a two-layer fundraising model based on efficiency and fairness is constructed for ecological compensation. The upper-level model is built to calculate the ecological compensation efficiency of each compensation subject from an input–output perspective. The initial fundraising scheme was further determined to implement the efficiency principle. Within the framework of sustainable development theory, the lower-level model adheres to the fairness principle based on efficiency. The social-economic development level of the compensation subject is considered to discriminate and optimize the initial scheme. Additionally, the two-layer model was utilized to conduct an empirical analysis with the data of the Yellow River Basin from 2013 to 2020. The results show that the optimized fundraising scheme is in line with the actual development level of the Yellow River Basin. This study can provide a reference for the fundraising of horizontal ecological compensation and promote the sustainable development of the whole basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clean utilization of traditional energy and renewable, clean energy utilization are the key points of the energy structure transition in the Yellow River Basin. This paper constructs an evolutionary game model, with the participation of local governments and energy companies, to analyze the dynamic evolution of each game subject. The results from the study highlight three important facts about the energy mix transformation in the Yellow River Basin: (1) the high ratio of traditional clean energy utilization and the low ratio of renewable, clean energy utilization align with the actual energy use in the Yellow River Basin, which can better promote the inclusive development of both types of energy; (2) increasing the capacity to utilize both energy sources can improve the energy system resilience gains of game players, for example, at the immature stage of renewable, clean energy utilization technologies, local government's willingness to subsidize renewable clean energy utilization is positively related to their energy system resilience gains; and (3) under the premise of ensuring the energy supply, the introduction of penalty parameters can ensure a reasonable share of both types of energy utilization, and an increase in the penalty parameters makes the game participants increase their willingness to implement energy structure transformation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research on high-quality development of the manufacturing industry (HQDMI) in the Yellow River Basin is in the exploratory stage, and little literature has systematically analyzed its influencing factors. Based on the grounded theory, this paper makes an exploratory analysis of the influencing factors of the HQDMI in the Yellow River Basin. This study finds that the influencing factors of the HQDMI mainly include six aspects: innovation capability, organization construction, industry resources, institutional environment, industry collaboration, and market demand. By using the HQDMI's endogenous and exogenous factors as the core, the realization mode of the HQDMI in the Yellow River basin is put forward, and the influencing factors and action model of the HQDMI in the Yellow River Basin are constructed. The findings have significant reference value for promoting the HQDMI in the Yellow River Basin and are helpful for improving the HQDMI research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

(1) Background: The Henan section of the Yellow River Basin plays an important role in the economic zone of the middle reaches of the Yellow River. However, ecological environmental geological problems such as soil erosion have seriously affected the lives of residents and economic development, resulting in increasingly prominent conflicts between humans and the environment. Therefore, this paper made use of remote sensing images and other reference data, integrated image classification, remote sensing inversion and statistical analysis methods to explore the ecological environmental geological problems and their causes in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin. (2) Results: the main eco-environmental geological problems in the Sanmenxia–Zhengzhou section are serious soil erosion, degradation of water conservation function and being prone to geological disasters. The main eco-environmental geological problems in the Zhengzhou–Puyang section are poor water and soil conservation function, degradation of water conservation function and poor biodiversity maintenance function. In the last 19 years, the eco-environmental geological problems in the Henan section of the Yellow River Basin have shown a significant improvement trend as a whole. Along the main stream of the Yellow River in Sanmenxia, Luoyang, Jiyuan, Jiaozuo, Zhengzhou and other areas, the eco-environmental geological problems are still prominent; altitude, vegetation and rainfall are the key driving factors of eco-environmental geological problems in the Sanmenxia–Zhengzhou section and rainfall, vegetation and land-use type are the key driving factors in the Zhengzhou–Puyang section. (3) Conclusions: This study comprehensively considered the three aspects of ecology, environment and geology in a total of five research topics. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and driving factors of ecological environmental geological problems in the Yellow River Basin were analyzed, which could provide technical support for ecological environmental protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For mankind's survival and development, water, energy, and food (WEF) are essential material guarantees. In China, however, the spatial distribution of WEF is seriously unbalanced and mismatched. Here, a collaborative governance mechanism that aims at nexus security needs to be urgently established. In this paper, the Yellow River Basin in China with a representative WEF system, was selected as a case. Firstly, a comprehensive framework for WEF coupling coordination was constructed, and the relationship and mechanism between them were analyzed theoretically. Then, we investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving mechanisms of the coupling coordination degree (CCD) with a composite evaluation method, coupling coordination degree model, spatial statistical analysis, and multiscale geographic weighted regression. Finally, policy implications were discussed to promote the coordinated development of the WEF system. The results showed that: 1) WEF subsystems showed a significant imbalance of spatial pattern and diversity in temporal changes; 2) the CCD for the WEF system varied little and remained at moderate coordination. Areas with moderate coordination have increased, while areas with superior coordination and mild disorder have decreased. In addition, the spatial clustering phenomenon of the CCD was significant and showed obvious characteristics of polarization; and 3) the action of each factor is self-differentiated and regionally variable. For different factors, GDP per capita was of particular importance, which contributed most to the regional development's coupling coordination. For different regions, GDP per capita, average yearly precipitation, population density, and urbanization rate exhibited differences in geographical gradients in an east-west direction. The conclusion can provide references for regional resource allocation and sustainable development by enhancing WEF system utilization efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water body in the Yellow River basin is complex. Rapid and accurate water extraction in the basin is of great significance to the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. However, the existing water body indexes can not meet the requirements of removing the inherent mountain shadow of remote sensing images and accurately extracting complex water bodies. Based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and Sentinel-2 remote sensing images, this paper proposed a Yellow River Basin Water Index (YRBWI), and the effect of water extraction results were compared with the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) and Shadow Water Index (SWI). The results show that YRBWI achieves an excellent water extraction effect in the Yellow River Basin, specifically: YRBWI can solve the confusion of mountain shadows and accurately extract water bodies with high sediment content; compared with NDWI, MNDWI, and SWI, YRBWI has the largest OA and Kappa values, indicating that YRBWI has the highest water extraction accuracy; the water body extraction accuracy of YRBWI is insensitive to the change of threshold value and has high robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology / Shuiwendizhi Gongchengdizhi is the property of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Virtual water flows have a profound impact on the natural water system of a country or region, and they may help conserve local water resources or exacerbate water scarcity in some areas. However, current research has only focused on the measurement of virtual water flows, without analysis of the causes of virtual water flow patterns. This study first obtained virtual water flow patterns across provinces by constructing a multi-regional input–-output (MRIO) model of the Yellow River basin in 2012 and 2017, and then analyzed its driving factors by applying the extended STIRPAT model to provide directions for using virtual water trade to alleviate water shortages in water-scarce areas of the basin. We found the following: (1) The Yellow River basin as a whole had a net virtual water inflow in 2012 and 2017, and the net inflow has increased from 2.14 billion m3 to 33.67 billion m3. (2) Different provinces or regions assume different roles in the virtual water trade within the basin. (3) There is an obvious regional heterogeneity in the virtual water flows in different subsectors. (4) Per capita GDP, tertiary industry contribution rate, consumer price index, and water scarcity are the main positive drivers of virtual water inflow in the Yellow River Basin provinces, while primary industry contribution rate, per capita water resources, and water use per unit arable area promote virtual water outflow. The results of this paper present useful information for understanding the driving factors of virtual water flow, which could promote the optimal allocation of water resources in the Yellow River basin and achieve ecological protection and high-quality development in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realizing the decoupling development between the economic expansion and carbon dioxide emissions of the transport sector is of great importance if the Yellow River basin is to achieve green and low-carbon development. In this paper, we adopt the Tapio decoupling index to examine the decoupling relationship within the transport sector in the Yellow River basin, and then introduce the standard deviational ellipse to dynamically analyze the spatial heterogeneity of carbon emissions and economic growth at the provincial level. Furthermore, based on the decoupling method, we expand the traditional logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition (LMDI) model to decompose the decoupling index into eight sub-indices, and we identify the impact of each factor on the decoupling relationship. The results indicate that the carbon emissions of the transport sector in the Yellow River basin show the non-equilibrium characteristics of "upstream region < midstream region < downstream region". The decoupling state of the transport sector shows obvious spatial differences. The less-developed regions are more likely to present non-ideal decoupling states. The growth rate of carbon emissions in Sichuan, Qinghai, and Shandong provinces is relatively fast, and the azimuth of the transport sector's carbon emissions shows a clockwise trend. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of urbanization on decoupling in the Yellow River basin are much greater than the non-urbanization factors. In addition to the effect of urbanization, the transport structure has a major negative effect on decoupling development in the upstream and midstream regions, while energy intensity and energy structure are key to realizing a decoupled status in the downstream region. Finally, we propose some differentiated policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to quantify trade-associated virtual water flows and evaluate their impact on regional water systems, this paper used the multi-region input-output model to reveal the pattern and structure of the virtual water trade inside and outsided of the Yellow River Basin in 2012,2015 and 2017 and used LMDI method to analyze the impact of the virtual water net output of the watershed relative to others, and used the QAP model to analyze the impact factors of the virtual water trade among provinces within the watershed. The results show that a) the Yellow River Basin as a whole presents a virtual water net input state, but the Yellow River Basin net exports virtual water to Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other 12 regions. b) The virtual water trade export industry is mainly the production and supply of agriculture, electricity, gas and water. c) Structure effect and intensity effect are important driving factors of virtual water net output in the watershed. d) QAP regression outcomes prove that economic development level, geographic distance and water use intensity differences are the main factors affecting the virtual water trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide reference for the institutional construction of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, from a methodological perspective, this paper analyzed the new institutional construction needs for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, and the contradiction of the overall requirements of basin governance between fragmented management in reality. On the premise of adhering to ecological priority and green development, and implementing tailored and classified policies, the above issues could be solved by finding the smallest tool unit that covered both ecological protection and high-quality development. Green credit is the minimum common multiple between ecological protection and high-quality development. Establishing a green credit system through laws, regulations and policy regulations is a necessary foundation and logical starting point for basin collaborative governance. Yellow River Conservancy Commission and the nine provinces (regions) in the Yellow River Basin can, in accordance with higher-level laws and relevant policies such as the Yellow River Protection Law, promptly introduce operational norms applicable to the basin and region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusive finance is an important way to promote farmers’ income increase and adjust farmers’ income structure. This paper uses the panel data of the Yellow River basin from 2011 to 2020 to explore the impact of inclusive finance on the income structure of farmers. The results show that:①The total inclusive financial index has a significant positive impact on the income of rural residents and income from all sources in the whole and all regions of the Yellow River basin, but only has a negative impact on property income in the upstream region, but the negative impact is not significant. ②The inclusive financial coverage index has a significant positive impact on the income of rural residents and income from all sources in the whole and all regions of the Yellow River basin, a significant negative impact on the income of downstream households, and a significant negative impact on downstream property income. ③The depth index of inclusive financial use has a significant positive impact on the per capita net income of rural households and the net income of household management in the whole Yellow River basin, but has no significant positive impact on wage income, while property income and transfer income have a significant negative impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the provincial panel data of the Yellow River basin from 2011 to 2020, this paper first calculates the agricultural modernization level of the Yellow River basin using entropy method, and then uses OLS model to empirically analyze the impact of agricultural scientific and technological innovation investment and agricultural modernization in the basin. The results show that:①The average agricultural modernization index of the Yellow River basin is 0. 399, which is in the initial stage, and shows an upward trend in 2011-2018; However, the decline occurred in 2018-2020, which cast a shadow on the development of agricultural modernization in the Yellow River basin. In all regions, the average value of the comprehensive index of agricultural modernization development in the downstream is significantly higher than that in the middle and upstream, and the development index in the upstream is the lowest. Among the provinces and autonomous regions, the average comprehensive development index of agricultural modernization in Shandong Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Henan Province is higher than that in other provinces (regions), while the average comprehensive development index of Gansu Province is the lowest. ②The scale of investment in agricultural scientific research has a significant positive impact on the overall and downstream agricultural modernization development of the Yellow River basin, and a significant negative impact on the upstream and midstream; The investment intensity of agricultural research funds has a significant positive impact on the development of agricultural modernization in the Yellow River basin, the upper and middle reaches, and a significant negative impact on the lower reaches; The impact of human investment in agricultural research on agricultural modernization in the Yellow River basin and the upper, middle and lower reaches is significantly positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of carbon budget and carbon compensation zoning is of great significance in formulating strategies to adapt to the low-carbon development of each region, promoting synergistic management of regional ecological environment, and realizing high-quality develop‐ ment. This paper takes 56 municipal units in the Yellow River Basin as the study area, and by constructing a conceptual structure of carbon income and expenditure as well as carbon compensation zoning of the cities in the basin, it studies the spatio-temporal differentiation law of carbon income and expenditure as well as carbon compensation zoning of the urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin by using methods such as the centralization index and the location-con‐ strained multivariate spatial clustering, and then it provides constructive theoretical solutions for the low-carbon development strategy in the process of urbanization. The study shows that: (1) the cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020 are characterized by obvious geographical differentiation of carbon expenditure and revenue, specifically, the carbon expenditure and revenue centralization index of the study area fluctuates up and down around the warning line of 0. 4, and the overall curve shows an obvious fluctuating upward trend. (2) The spatial and temporal variation of carbon income and expenditure among cities in the Yellow River Basin is remarkable, and the data show that carbon emissions in the Yellow River Basin show a structure of "low in the west and high in the east and central parts of the country", with the high-value centres in Gansu, Shaanxi and Shandong provinces in 2000, and then the number of high-value areas of carbon emissions has increased year by year, while at the same time, the absorptive capacity of carbon sinks in each city is roughly equal. (3) Based on the framework of carbon offset zoning, the study area is divided into five types of carbon offset spatial optimization zones, and suggestions are made for green and low-carbon development planning in different types of zones. (4) In the future, the study will refine the spatial scale of the study area, explore the balance of carbon budget and carbon compensation of smaller units, and strive to explore the optimization of the green and low-carbon development mode of small areas, so that the energy conservation and emission reduction and green development of small areas can lead the cities in the region to achieve the dual-carbon goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yellow River Basin plays an important role in economic and social development and ecological security; therefore, its ecological protection and high-quality development are vital. In order to understand the level of synergistic development between environment and industry in the Yellow River Basin, and to understand the change in synergy degree through spatial and temporal analysis, and finally to propose suggestions to provide a basis for the policy formulation of environmental protection and industrial development, informing the initiatives of the relevant parties—companies and residents, so as to ensure the high-quality development and sustainable development of the Yellow River Basin, this paper is based on the theory of synergetic and dissipative structure, and it expounds the synergetic mechanism by constructing the compound system of environment and industry in the Yellow River Basin and revealing their internal and external interactions. Based on the panel data of 57 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2020, the synergy degree of environment and industry in the Yellow River Basin and its temporal and spatial characteristics are discussed by using the synergy model of compound systems. The results show that: (1) the overall degree of environmental and industrial synergism in the Basin develops from mildly non-synergistic to mildly synergistic, but the level is still low; there are significant temporal and regional differences in synergy degree in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Basin and among cities. (2) The number of cities in the basin that are in mild synergy is increasing; the synergy degree shows an overall positive global spatial autocorrelation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Yellow River Basin assumes an important ecological and economic function in China. The study of carbon emissions from land use in the nine provinces (regions) of the pathway is important to achieve carbon reduction. Based on the dynamic data of land use, energy, and economic changes in nine provinces (regions) for the past 30 years from 1990 to 2018, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of land-use carbon emissions by using the carbon emission coefficient method in the IPCC inventory method and evaluating the low-carbon development model of the nine provinces (regions) by land-use carbon emission intensity. Finally, the LMDI model was used to analyze the factors influencing land-use carbon emissions. The results showed that: (1) in the past 30 years, the net carbon emissions have shown a continuously increasing trend, and the difference in the spatial distribution of carbon emissions in different periods was obvious. The carbon sink effect was not significant enough to offset the carbon emissions generated. (2) The continuously decreasing carbon emission intensity values per unit of GDP indicate that the coordination between land-use and economic development was getting better. (3) The factors of population size, economic size, and land-use structure accelerated land-use carbon emissions, whereas land-use efficiency limited land-use carbon emissions. Accordingly, this paper puts forward some corresponding policy suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Establishment of a watershed ecological compensation mechanism between multiple subjects is an effective means to realize the collaborative governance of water pollution and maintain the security of water ecology. This paper breaks through the conventional upstream and downstream perspectives of watershed ecological compensation design research and combines them with uncertainty factors. The watershed ecological compensation mechanism for the mainstream and branches was established based on the evolutionary game and the random process. Then, taking the midstream of the Yellow River as an example, some constraint conditions and influencing factors were explored. Results show that: (1) The branch government (i.e., the Shanxi provincial government) is the key to establishing an ecological compensation mechanism between the river mainstream and branches. (2) The proportion of pollution transferred by other branches, the initial probability and the random factors are the main factors affecting the decision-making of branch governments (Shanxi and Shaanxi provincial governments). (3) The compensation and reward of the mainstream government to the branch government and the compensation of the branch government to the mainstream government are the main factors affecting the decision-making of mainstream and branch governments (Shanxi–Henan provincial governments, Shaanxi–Henan provincial governments). The study may provide scientific guidance for the construction of a watershed ecological compensation mechanism between mainstream and multiple branches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide reference for solving the difficult issue of unbalanced and uncoordinated development of the Yellow River Basin, this paper built a high-quality development evaluation index system of the Yellow River Basin from five dimensions of innovative development, coordinated development, green development, open development and shared development. The paper used the weighted TOPSIS model to measure the high-quality development level of provinces（regions） in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2019. The results show that in 2010-2019, the high-quality development level of the Yellow River Basin is generally low, and there are obvious differences among provinces（regions） in space, showing a continuous upward trend in time, and the inter provincial gap is gradually narrowing. From all dimensions, the levels of innovative development and shared development shows a steady upward trend. The levels of open development and coordinated development both experience a slight decline from 2012 to 2015 and begin to rise significantly in 2016. The level of green development also shows an upward trend but fluctuates greatly. The coordination level of economic, social and ecological environment coupling in the Yellow River Basin is low, and it has been in a state of imbalance for a long time. After 2016, it has changed from a moderate imbalance to a mild imbalance and a near imbalance. Government capacity, the degree of opening to the outside world, the level of education and the degree of medical security have a positive impact on the degree of coupling and coordination. The level of technology and ecological conditions have different effects on the degree of coupling and coordination of the Yellow River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Based on the panel data of 58 prefecture level cities along the Yellow River from 2010 to 2019, the water resources green efficiency of these cities was studied and analyzed in this paper by using the Super-SBM model. The results show that the water resources green efficiency of cities along the Yellow River is generally improved. The absolute value of the green efficiency level of water resources in the middle and lower reaches is greater than that in the upstream, and the improving rate of the efficiency level in the upstream is greater than that in the middle and lower reaches. Tobit model was also applied in this paper to analyze the impact of the environmental regulation, industrial structure, economic development level, and the degree of openness on the green water resources efficiency. The results show that openness and economic development level have little impact on water resources green efficiency, while the industrial structure has a negative effect and the environmental regulation has a positive influence. Moreover, there are differences among regions in the Yellow River. Policy suggestions are proposed in this paper that the Yellow River Basin should take measures according to local conditions, strengthen water use supervision of upstream cities and collaborative governance of the whole basin, give full play to the agglomeration effect of water resources utilization, accelerate technology spillover and strengthen weak areas, and pay attention to the role of resources allocation in improving green water use efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the most basic physical geographic elements, basin terrain and river networks have high spatial complexity and are closely related. However, there is little research on the correlation between terrain and river networks. In this paper, the Yellow River Basin was selected as the study area. Topographic factors of multiple dimensions were calculated. The influence of different topographic factors on the river network structure at different scales and their correlation from a multifractal perspective based on geographical detectors and a geographically weighted regression model were determined. The explanatory power of topography on the river network structure at different scales was: multifractal spectrum width > multifractal spectrum difference > slope > average elevation > elevation maximum > elevation minimum, which generally indicated that the topographic factor that has the greatest influence on the river network structure is the complexity and singularity of the terrain. The second-order clustering of regression coefficients from the results of the geographically weighted regression model revealed that the Yellow River basin was divided into three types of high-aggregation areas, which are dominated by the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Loess Plateau, and the Huang-Huaihai Plain, respectively. The clustering results also revealed that the river network structure was affected by different key topographic factors in the different types of areas. This research studies and quantifies the relationship between basin topography and river network structure from a new perspective and provides a theoretical basis for unraveling the development of topography and river networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the response of vegetation to drought is of great significance to the biodiversity protection of terrestrial ecosystem. Based on the MOD13A2 NDVI, GOSIF, and SPEI data of the Yellow River Basin from 2001 to 2020, this paper used the methods of Theil–Sen median trend analysis, Mann–Kendall significance test, and Pearson correlation analysis to analyze whether the vegetation change trends monitored by MODIS and GOSIF are consistent and their sensitivity to meteorological drought. The results showed that NDVI and SIF increased significantly (p < 0.001) at the rate of 0.496 × 10−2 and 0.345 × 10−2, respectively. The significant improvement area of SIF (66.49%, p < 0.05) is higher than NDVI (50.7%, p < 0.05), and the spatial distribution trend of vegetation growth monitored by NDVI and SIF is consistent. The negative value of SPEI-12 accounts for 65.83%, with obvious periodic changes. The significant positive correlation areas of SIF-SPEI in spring, summer, and autumn (R > 0, p < 0.05) were 7.00%, 28.49%, and 2.28% respectively, which were higher than the significant positive correlation areas of NDVI-SPEI (spring: 1.79%; summer: 20.72%; autumn: 1.13%). SIF responded more strongly to SPEI in summer, and farmland SIF was significantly correlated with SPEI (0.3424, p < 0.01). The results indicate that SIF is more responsive to drought than NDVI. Analyzing the response of vegetation to meteorological drought can provide constructive reference for ecological protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to promote the sustainable development of a social economy and ecology, the social–economic–natural compound ecosystem (SENCE) conceptual framework was used to construct the water environmental carrying capacity index system. Taking the Gansu section of the Yellow River basin as an example, 18 indexes were selected from the 3 subsystems of social, economic, and natural ecology. Based on the unascertained measure theory and the obstacle factor model, the comprehensive level of water environmental carrying capacity in the Gansu section of the Yellow River basin from 2015 to 2020 was empirically evaluated, and the obstacles that hindered the water environmental carrying capacity were identified and analyzed. The results showed that the comprehensive level of water environmental carrying capacity fluctuated and increased overall, and it was grade III (critical load) from 2015 to 2017 and in 2019 and grade IV (weak load) in 2018 and 2020. Considering the ranking of the obstacle degree of each index, the obstacle factors were concentrated in the natural ecological subsystem, among which the obstacle factors were the discharge of wastewater, the population density, the urbanization rate, and the water resources development and utilization rate, which should be examined in the future. The research results and methods described in this paper could provide a theoretical reference for the evaluation of water environmental carrying capacity for other rivers and lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to provide scientific and technological support for the implementation of major national strategies for ecological protection and high-quality development and rural revitalization in the Yellow River Basin, this paper systematically summarized the research results, key technologies and typical models of the coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy in the Yellow River Basin over the years, analyzed the current existing and outstanding issues, and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Over the years, various regions in the Yellow River Basin have explored a variety of coordinated development models of ecological governance and ecological economy for serious soil erosion. It includes the comprehensive ecological and economic management model with high adaptability of soil and water conservation-geomorphology-ecological economy, the ecological agriculture economic model of soil and water conservation, the integrated development model of soil and water conservation and ecological economy in wind-sand area, the coordinated development model of ecological management and derivative industries in Pisha sandstone area, the virtuous cycle model of rural energy ecology in semi-arid areas, and the governance model of ecological and economic belt of soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau. At present, the existing outstanding issues include the concept of coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy is weak, the synergy between the two is not high, the space for coupling and coordination is unbalanced, and the development model has a single structure and low scale efficiency. The suggestions: To innovate the theory and key technologies of coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy; To establish a diversified investment mechanism, create a new model of coordinated development of ecological governance and economy and its production and industrial system with the goal of high-quality development, and explore the promotion mechanism and model of “full trust and full chain”; To build an appropriate technical system, industrial system, management system and talent support system; To establish a pilot demonstration county for the coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy, lead and optimize the coordinated development of regional modern ecological governance and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the sustainable utilization level of water resources in the nine provinces (autonomous regions) of the Yellow River Basin, improve the status of water resources and realize the sustainable utilization of regional water resources, this paper proposed a comprehensive evaluation index of sustainable utilization of water resources suitable for the nine provinces (autonomous regions) of the Yellow River Basin based on the water footprint model. Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the driving factors of sustainable water resources utilization in the nine provinces of the Yellow River Basin. The results show that the water resources footprint of the nine provinces (autonomous regions) in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2020 increases first and then decreases in a small amplitude, and the water environment footprint shows a decreasing trend, and the spatial distribution of water resources footprint and water environment footprint is very uneven. In the nine provinces (autonomous regions) of the Yellow River Basin, the level of sustainable utilization of water resources has increased to different degrees. The level of sustainable utilization of water resources in the upstream provinces (autonomous regions) is higher, while the level of sustainable utilization in the middle and downstream provinces (autonomous regions) is lower. The main driving factors of sustainable water resources use are population density, wastewater treatment rate and the proportion of secondary industry, followed by per capita water consumption and fertilizer application intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the dynamic evolution and regional differences of quaternity cooperation of water resources-ecology-city-industry in the Yellow River Basin, the paper adopted the synergy model, kernel density estimation, Dagum gini coefficient and its decomposition to estimate it based on the data of 76 major prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2016 to 2020. The results show that the number of cities in primary, intermediate and good coordination is 30, 33 and 13 respectively. The level of synergy among cities is on the rise, but the absolute difference between cities is expanding and the relative difference is narrowing. except for Hu-Bao-E-Yu urban agglomeration, the absolute difference of the coordination degree of the other six urban agglomerations all shows an expanding trend. The internal differences between the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River show a downward trend, while the internal differences in the middle reaches show an upward trend. The difference between the upper and middle reaches is the largest, and it shows a further expansion trend, and the difference between the upper and lower reaches is gradually narrowing. The difference in Hu-Bao-E-Yu urban agglomeration is the smallest and the difference in Guanzhong urban agglomeration is the largest. The difference between Guanzhong urban agglomeration and Shandong peninsula urban agglomeration is the smallest, and the difference between Jinzhong urban agglomeration and Shandong peninsula urban agglomeration is the largest. In the future, we should further strengthen factor coordination and regional coordination, give play to the dynamic comparative advantages of various regions, and promote the in-depth implementation of ecological protection and high-quality development strategies according to local conditions in the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]