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The article is devoted to substantiation from the standpoint of intercommunication as a social practice of the essential advantage of reading paper books and the relevance of book practices of the library service. The methodological tools of the study were based on the methods of hypothesis, included and external observation, extrapolation, survey, comparative and analytical methods, the use of which, along with the formulation of the general idea of the study created the basis for understanding the book as an object that represents the author, characters, and texts and can perform the function not only of an information source, but also of the narrator, and thus of the subject of communication; made it possible to identify common and special features of reading electronic and paper books, to draw conclusions about the priority format for young people reading literary texts, to identify modern scientific approaches to studying the role of books and reading for personal development. Based on the analysis of current professional publications, data on the study of reader behavior conducted in autumn 2018 by the cultural and publishing project “Chitomo” together with the digital publishing house Gutenbergz and the Razumkov Center ("Reading in Ukraine", 2018), the results of a survey of students majoring in 029 “Information, library and archival business”, which was carried out during 14.01.2021–14.02.2021, the relevance of maintaining the practice of reading books in paper format is proved, the formation of the space of communication as a social practice, based on the functioning of the paper book as a subject of communication, has been substantiated. The topic of such communication is both the text printed in the book and the whole set of historical, social and socio-cultural meanings associated with the authors of the books, their publishers and / or former owners. It has been found that e-books, being effective communicators, lose subjectivity, which creates risks for reading-oriented people to weaken communication and socialization skills, and thus – actualizes the need to maintain access to real bookshelves and paper books in the library. space. In the conditions of needs of access to electronic texts, dynamics of social processes, social mobility, the library remains a place that allows preserving and reproducing important for the formation and socialization of personality social practice of interpersonal communication, in particular by creating conditions for real communication with paper books.

Introduction. The issue of environmental management and protection of the environment from pollution are of paramount importance. Today, there is a big problem associated with the accumulation of polymer waste, which catastrophically pollutes the planet. Most plastic waste is not recyclable, but can be decomposed in landfills for decades. As an alternative to plastic products, world experts suggest the use of paper, biodegradable (biopolymer), reusable packaging. Many countries are now working to develop and produce packaging from affordable and environmentally friendly and natural materials that can degrade in soil or compost. The purpose of this work is to determine the resistance of paper samples of different densities to microbiological contamination after treatment with bactericidal agent «ADALUX». Objects of research - samples of paper which are widely used in the industry, with a density of 80 g/cm2, 52 g/cm2, 50 g/cm2; liquid bactericidal drug «ADALUX» (hereinafter - the drug) - a disinfectant that does not contain chlorine compounds. Research methods and techniques. The paper samples were treated with a 0.1% solution of the drug in the form of an aerosol and stored at room temperature for a month and monitored. Raw paper samples were stored in the same conditions. The study of samples for microbiological contamination was performed for 7, 14 and 30 days on the following indicators: total microbial count (ТMC), bacteria of the Escherichia coli group (BЕCG), enterococci (EC), fungi and yeast-like microorganisms. The resistance of paper samples to microbiological contamination, or bactericidal properties of the paper treated with the drug, was determined by the following methods: contact (disk), agar filling, artificial contamination of the paper surface - test object - Escherichia coli B (hereinafter - E. coli В). By comparing the number of colonies that grew in the variants with treated and untreated paper samples, the resistance of the test paper samples to high bacterial contamination was determined. Results and discussion. On paper samples that were not treated with an antibacterial agent, growth of saprophytic bacteria (GSB) was observed during the storage period, mold and yeast-like fungi were also found, and a small number of bacteria belonging to the group of E. coli were found. Processing of paper samples with 0.1% solution «ADALUX» provided bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties of the paper. They especially manifested themselves on the day of treatment and after 7 days of storage. Bacteriological crops from the surface of the samples on the day the paper was treated with a bactericidal agent showed a complete absence of microorganisms on the surface of all the studied paper samples. After 7 days of storage, the contamination of the treated samples with saprophytic microorganisms was observed 1.6 - 2.9 times less than in untreated ones. After 14 and 30 days of paper storage, the bactericidal effect against TMC and BЕCG decreased, but the development of bacteria on the surface of the samples was slower than on untreated paper samples. Molds and yeast-like fungi were observed on both processed and untreated paper samples of various densities. Probably, the 0.1% solution «ADALUX» has a more pronounced bactericidal effect, but its fungicidal properties are much less. Microscopic studies of colonies grown on a selective medium for fungi showed a predominance of growth of yeast-like fungi and less mold. On all investigated paper samples (processed and unprocessed), stored for more than 14 days, colonies of microorganisms belonging to spore bacteria were identified. Morphological features and microscopy of the colonies of these microorganisms suggested that they belong to the spore bacteria of the genus Bacillus, tentatively of the species - Bacillus subtilis (hay bacillus), which are widespread in the environment. Due to the ability to form spores, these microorganisms easily tolerate adverse living conditions and continue to live on the surface of the paper. After processing paper samples with «ADALUX» disinfectant (0.1% solution), paper with a density of 80 g/cm2 had the most bactericidal properties, least of all with a density of 50 g/cm2. A study of the resistance of treated paper samples to artificial bacterial contamination with the Escherichia coli B test-object (at a concentration of ~ 103 - 106 cells/ml) showed that after 7 days of storage, there was no growth of the test object on paper samples with a density of 80 g/cm2 and growth retardation on paper samples with a density of 52 g/cm2. Studies of paper samples during storage for 30 days showed that all paper samples (processed and unprocessed) did not have resistance to artificial bacterial contamination upon contact with the test object, which resulted in fouling of paper samples with colonies of E. coli bacteria. Conclusions. Based on the results, it was found that the disinfectant «ADALUX» (chlorine-free) in a concentration of 0.1% has a bactericidal effect when processing paper samples for seven days and bacteriostatic effect (inhibition of bacterial growth) when stored for a month against saprophytic microorganisms and BЕCG, but not very effective against microscopic fungi. It is likely that paper products that have been treated with such a disinfectant, on the one hand, have bactericidal properties for some time, on the other hand, in case of impossibility of recycling after their direct use, as waste can decompose naturally without harming the environment., {"references":["Butko A.E.Ukrainian market for the disposal of polymer waste and key trends in its development. Young Scientist. 2015. № 2 (17). С 139 – 42.","The European Parliament has banned the production and sale of disposable plastic. URL: https://ukr.segodnya.ua/world/europe/evroparlament-zapretil-proizvodstvo-iprodazhu-odnorazovogo-plastika-1243502.html","Deynichenko G. V., Gorєlkov D. V., Dmitrevs'kiy D. V. Reference syllabus of lectures on the subject \"Packaging materials and equipment in the food industry\" [Electronic resource]. Electron. data. Kh .: KhDUHT, 2017.","Lutsenko L. І., Veseliy V. A., Sumakova N. V. Tests of disinfectants for disinfection of invasive elements of helminths in the environment. Veterinary medicine. 2010. Iss. 94. pp. 280-282.","Magiorakos A. P., Srinivasan А., Carey R. B. et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2012. Vol. 18. P. 268–281.","About claim of the methodical pointing in relation to determination of sensitiveness of microorganisms to antibacterial preparations: order № 167. Operating from 05.04.2007. Kyiv. Ministry of Health Care of the Ukraine. 2007. 63 P.","Methodical recommendations on sanitary and microbiological control of household items and equipment of children's institutions. URL:https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v0024400-77#top","DSTU ISO 8199:2009 Water quality. General guidelines for counting microorganisms in culture (ISO 5667-1:1993, IDT)"]}

Problem setting. The paper is the Part II o f the large research, dedicated to both revision o f the system o f basic logical categories and generalization o f the modern predicate logic to functional logic. Basic categories o f functional logic are the following: an individual, a function, representation, and a sequence. Paper objective. The main task o f the paper is to describe every one o f the categories in question. The more expansive task of all the paper series is to expose the whole system o f functional logic and to prove its advantagies. Recent research and publications analysis. Functional logic was discovered by the author in 1997, and there is no investigation in this field up today except ofpapers o f the autor.Paper main body. An individual is any theoretical object regarded as atomic. Functions are regarded as ambiguous in general case, maybe nullary, and are treated as methods to represent some (any) objects. Most important types o f functions are individuals ’functions (for example, arithmetic operations), functionals, and operators. Representation is the ultimate generalization o f equality; we treat representation as any specification o f an object, as a way to make it present. Fundamentals of the theory o f representation are following: any individual can be represented either by itself as a function, or by a nullary function, or via other objects by a function with argument places. The correctedform (with respect to the Paper I) o f representation formulas, i. e., atomic formulas o f functional logic are involved. The form o f terms that represents general names in formal languages o f functional logic is present. Both these corrections use the machinery of choice functions, i. e., functions that “elect” one value o f any ambiguous function in any case o f its use. A sequence treated as a basic nondefinable logical notion. The nondefinability o f the notion o f a sequence will be proved in another paper. When we operate with individuals, functions, and representation, we structure them in sequences such that every latter has the first element and is discrete (and many o f them also have the last element).Conclusions o f the research. An individual and a function are relative categories because, first, when we start to talk about a function, it became an individual with the name “such and such a function” and, secondly, when an individual is represented by itself, it became a function. Also, categories o f an individual, a function, representation, and a sequence are basic but not universal for logic, i. e., not every logical object is either an individual or a function or representation or a sequence. Say, semantical categories o f an expression, a sense, and a denotation are independent o f four described above. This means that we described above the field o f logic, independent from semantics. The author calls this field (and its theory) logistics.

Materials of reports of the 9th International scientific conference «Modern problems of Mathematical Modelling, Forecasting and Optimization» &nbsp

In the article, it is considered the need to increase the degree of business processes’ automation at the enterprise. The main principles and indicators of electronic document flow are defined, the concept of “business process” from the point of view of the totality of various types of enterprise activity is given. The principles of electronic document management in modern conditions are characterized and the main advantages of its use are investigated. Attention is focused on the problems that arise during the implementation of electronic document systems, and it is concluded that the efficiency of any enterprise at the current stage depends on the efficiency of working with documents. Анотація У статті розглянуто необхідність підвищення ступеня автоматизації бізнес-процесів на підприємстві. Визначені основні принципи та показники електронного документообігу, надано поняття “бізнес-процесу” з погляду сукупності різних видів діяльності підприємства. Охарактеризовано принципи електронного документообігу в сучасних умовах та досліджено основні переваги його використання. Зосереджено увагу на проблемах, що виникають при впровадженні систем електронних документів та зроблено висновок, що ефективність будь-якого підприємства на сучасному етапі залежить від ефективності роботи з документами., {"references":["1.\tІванченко Н.О., Карпець О.А. Система управління документообігом бізнес-процесів в організації. Науковий вісник Херсонського державного університету. Серія Економічні науки. Випуск 26. Частина 2. 2017. С. 157-160. [Електронний ресурс]. URL: file:///C:/Users/Dell/Downloads/Nvkhdu_en_2017_26(2)__40.pdf","2.\tПустовіт О.Г., Пустовіт Є.В. Особливості бізнес-процесів у туристичних компаніях // Розвиток методів управління та господарювання на транспорті: Зб. наук. праць, 2020. № 1 (70). С. 115-126. DOI 10.31375/2226-1915-2020-1-115-126.","3.\tТітяєв В. В., Бутко В. С. Особливості управління бізнесом на основі процесного підходу // Підприємництво та бізнес-адміністрування: матеріали міжнар. наук.-практ. інтернет-конф., Харків, 01-28 лютого 2020 р. / [редкол. : П. Т. Бубенко, О. Ю. Палант, С. Ю. Юр'єва]; Харків. нац. ун-т міськ. госп-ва ім. О. М. Бекетова [та ін.]. – Харків : ХНУМГ ім. О. М. Бекетова, 2020. C. 63-70.","4.\tКукарін О. Б. Електронний документообіг та захист інформації: навч. посіб. / за заг. ред. Н. В. Грицяк. Київ: НАДУ, 2015. 84 с.","5.\tМіхляєва Д.С., Бєлозерцев В.С. Системи управління документами підприємства. ІV Міжнародна науково-практична конференція «Сучасні тенденції розвитку фінансових та інноваційноінвестиційних процесів в Україні». Вінниця. ВНТУ. 2021. С. 871-872. [Електронний ресурс]. URL: file:///C:/Users/Dell/Downloads/zbirn2021%20%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F%20%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%20(2).pdf","6.\tПреображенський М.М. Особливості процесу впровадження системи електронного документообігу. 2020. С. 312-314. [Електронний ресурс]. URL: https://biblio.suitt.edu.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/3405/Preobrazhenskyi_Lavreka.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","7.\tПрограмні технології захисту інформації: конспект лекцій для студентів за напрямом підготовки 6.050103 «Програмна інженерія» факультету інформаційних технологій УжНУ / Розробник: к.т.н. Поліщук В.В. Ужгород: 2018. 80 с.","8.\tТукало С. М. Особливості автоматизації електронного документообігу в наукових установах [Електронний ресурс]. URL: file:///C:/Users/Dell/Downloads/admin,+652-1986-1-RV.pdf","9.\tДолгова Л., Ямненко Г. Використання інструментарію інформаційних систем для автоматизації бізнес-процесів підприємства. Економічний аналіз. 2021 рік. Том 31. № 2. С. 90-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35774/econa2021.02.090","10.\tГончаренко Є.О., Цюцюра М.І. Система електронного документообігу ЗВО. The V International Scientific and Practical Conference «Trends of modern science and practice», February 8 – 11, 2022, Ankara, Turkey. С. 581-585. [Електронний ресурс]. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lyudmyla-Antypenko/publication/358425125_Anticovid-19_lollipops_and_chewing_candies_from_jellyfish_of_Azov_sea/links/62021d775bdf0f2ef854c8fb/Anticovid-19-lollipops-and-chewing-candies-from-jellyfish-of-Azov-sea.pdf#page=582","11.\tНіколенко Л.А. Технологія автоматизації та управління бізнес-інформацією. 2017. С. 236-238. [Електронний ресурс]. URL: http://projects.dune-hd.com/bitstream/handle/2010/23432/236-238.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","12.\tМаколкіна О., Грушко О. Система електронного документообігу як інструмент автоматизації бізнес-процесів підприємства. Всеукраїнська студентська конференція «Кібернетичне управління економічними об'єктами». Вінниця. 2017. С. 69-70. [Електронний ресурс]. URL: http://81.30.162.23/repository/getfile.php/13115.pdf#page=69","13.\tМикитенко Н. В. Системи електронного документообігу як імператив сучасних тенденцій інформатизації. Наукові записки Національного університету «Острозька академія». Серія «Економіка»: науковий журнал. Острог: Вид-во НаУОА, березень 2019. № 12(40). С. 213–217. DOI: 10.25264/2311-5149-2019-12(40)-213-217"]}

The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the formation of competitive stability of enterprises of rural green tourism on the principles of marketing. The purpose of the study is to identify the features and use of marketing in the process of forming the competitive stability of rural green tourism enterprises. Research methods. In this work the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, the method of analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, the method of data generalization are used. Results of work. The paper outlines the methods of forming competitive stability on the principles of marketing; the components of the marketing complex concerning their role in forming competitive stability of enterprises of rural green tourism are considered; features and distinctive features of the tourist product are defined. Conclusions. The results of the research resulted in the following conclusions: the conducted analysis of the peculiarities of the formation of the competitive stability of rural green tourism enterprises on the basis of marketing has proved that rural tourism is a sector of the tourism industry focused on the use of the natural, cultural–historical and other resources of the countryside and its specificities for the creation of a comprehensive tourist product The agritourism product includes an assortment of services of cognitive, entertainment and recreational nature.

The article examines artistic creativity of young Ukrainian artist Teresa Barabash in diachronic and synchronous aspects, range of her innovative propositions, means of artistic expression in her works, environmental and plastic embodiment of ideas. Her artistic work is fruitful, including victorious participance in 15 International Triennale of Tapestry in Lodz. Trying to learn space and time, Teresa attracts means of weaving, arrangement of paper, methods of multimedia art, lend-art, affirming integration nature of modern art.

The article examines artistic creativity of young Ukrainian artist Teresa Barabash in diachronic and synchronous aspects, range of her innovative propositions, means of artistic expression in her works, environmental and plastic embodiment of ideas. Her artistic work is fruitful, including victorious participance in 15 International Triennale of Tapestry in Lodz. Trying to learn space and time, Teresa attracts means of weaving, arrangement of paper, methods of multimedia art, lend-art, affirming integration nature of modern art.

Introduction. The intensity of development, production and use of homeopathic medicines has been increasing both in Ukraine and throughout the world. The relevance of the research is due to the rapid growth of industrial production of combined homeopathic medicines, and hence the need for research and systematization of homeopathic terminology and nomenclature. The purpose of the article is a structural and semantic analysis of the names of complex homeopathic medicines that are most widely represented in Ukraine. The task of the analysis is to investigate the methods of creating the names of combined homeopathic medicines, to identify general approaches to the construction of the names of medicines common to all manufacturers of homeopathic drugs, as well as individual features of individual companies. Material & methods. The object of the study is the names of combined homeopathic medicines specified in two documents: the State Register of Medicines (the "Homeopathic Medicines" section, which contains a list of 553 homeopathic medicines, including different dosages of certain medicines) and Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 876 dated 18.04 2019. "On the approval of the List of medicines allowed for use in Ukraine, which are dispensed without a prescription from pharmacies and their structural subdivisions." The State Register of Medicinal Products contains the drugs of 37 homeopathic manufacturers, five of which are domestic. The list of medicines contains both a larger number of manufacturers and a larger number of homeopathic medicines. As a basis for the analysis, are taken the names of medicines of those manufacturers that are most widely represented in Ukraine. The main research methods are continuous sampling, comparative, descriptive, statistical, component analysis, semantic analysis, and others. Results & discussion. In the analysis process both general approaches to the construction of the names of medicines common to all manufacturers and definite features of individual companies were determined. According to the structure, all the names of homeopathic medicines like the names of allopathic medicines are divided into three groups: one-word, two-word and multi-word. The largest is one-word names group, almost the same number of two-word names is represented while multi-word names are much less common. In general, in the names of homeopathic medicines, there is an indication of the name of the disease, painful condition or organ, on which the action of the drugs is directed, the name of the medicinal raw material from which they are made or the active pharmacological substance, which can sometimes be combined with the characteristic of the drug according to its type or purpose. The homeopathic nomenclature is also characterized by the use of an indication of the manufacturer in the names of drugs: Heel, Dr. Theiss, ARN and others. Conclusion. The conducted analysis shows that the names of combined homeopathic remedies are mostly created on the same basis as the trade names of allopathic medicines, i.e. taking into account the consumer psychology. They also share a lexical base: Latin and ancient Greek languages. Some manufacturers of homeopathic products quite consistently follow homeopathic nomenclature traditions, which can be conditionally called "informative", including in the name clear information about the pharmacological and pharmacotherapeutic properties of the medicine, medicinal raw material or active substance. Traditionally, the names of many homeopathic medicines indicate the name of the manufacturing company or the characteristics of the drug by type and purpose. However, recently, the main attention is paid to the linguistic aspects of word creation, the search for short, original, bright and expressive names that would attract attention and be easily remembered. In contrast to short names, the number of descriptive nominative constructions with extended information for a consumer is also increasing: manufacturer, name or list of main ingredients, dosage form, purpose. That is, market priorities come to the fore. This indicates that homeopathic terminology is changing today, developing in the same direction as allopathic, which is also confirmed by the appearance of medicine names formed in national languages, and especially, by the powerful influence of the English language, which is manifested at all levels: lexical, morphological and syntactic, and which has not yet been observed in homeopathic terminology., {"references":["1.\tLukovenko T. Thematic classification of Ukrainian homeopathic terminology (thematic divisions of medical, psychological and pedagogical terms).Theoretical and applied problems of modern philology. 2019. Vol. 8(1). P. 101-105.","2.\tState Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Addendum 1 / \"Ukrainian Scientific Pharmacopoeial Center for the Quality of Medicinal Products\". 2nd edition. 2016. 360 pp.","3.\tState Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Addendum 3.\"Ukrainian Scientific Pharmacopoeial Center for the Quality of Medicinal Products\". 2018. – 416 pp.","4.\tState Register of Medicinal Products of Ukraine. URL: http://www.drlz.com.ua/","5.\tOn the approval of the List of medicines approved for use in Ukraine, which are dispensed without prescriptions from pharmacies and their structural units: Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine dated 04.18.2019 № 876. URL. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0509-19#Text","6.\tBoericke's New Manual of Homeopathic Materia Medica with Repertory. B. Jain Publishers. 3rd edition (January 4, 2010). 1268 p.","7.\tKent's Repertory. URL: http://homeoint.org/books/kentrep/index.htm","8.\tState Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine: in 3 volumes - 2nd edition. 2015. Vol. 1. 1128 pp. Vol. 2. 724 pp.Vol. 3. 732 pp.","9.\tState Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Addendum 2 / \"Ukrainian Scientific Pharmacopoeial Center for the Quality of Medicinal Products\". 2018. 336 pp.","10.\tCompendium 2019 medicines: URL: https://compendium.com.ua/uk/handbooks-uk/compendium-uk/","11.\tSierhieieva О., Tykhonova S., Tykhonov O. Comparative analysis of the nomenclature of monocomponent homeopathic medicines of different countries of the world. Journal of Pharmacy. 2007. Vol. 3. P. 43-46.","12.\tSierhieieva O., Vyshnevska L. Ukrainian nomenclature of monocomponent homeopathic medicines. Х. НфаУ. 2014. 221 pp.","13.\tLukovenko T. Compilation as one of the methods of term formation in the field of homeopathy. Terminological bulletin. Scientific papers. IUL NASU.2013. Vol. 2(2). P. 28-31.","14.\tTykhonov O., Tykhonova S., Yarnykh T., Soboleva V. Fundamentals of homeopathic pharmacy. NUPh. 2002. 574 pp.","15.\tTykhonova S., Piminov O., Tykhonov O., Kvitchataya A., Sierhieieva O. Complex homeopathic preparations: Ref. allowance. NUPh. 2006. 320 pp.","16.\tModern issues of homeopathy. The miasmatic doctrine of S. Hahnemann and its practical application: Papers of the Intern. scientific-practical. Conf. 3 - 6 Oct. 2003. Kharkiv. Tykhonova S. NUPh. 2003. - 200 pp.","17.\tBoericke's New Manual of Homeopathic Materia Medica with Repertory. B. Jain Publishers. 3rd edition (January 4. 2010). 1268 p."]}

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical process of formation and use of business models in e-commerce. The authors analyse the growth trend of digital business models research at the global level. The paper considers directions of principles of formation of corporate business models. As an example of using the Osterwalder’s canvas of a business model, the authors studied the online rental service Airbnb. The article shows the business model design of e-commerce based on the drop shipping business model. The paper defines the consistent and successive stages of development of this type of business and compares the advantages and disadvantages of adopting the drop shipping business model in business projects. Due to the research, there will be an increase in sales as a result of the use of the drop shipping business model. Essentially, the study acquired the importance of formation, evolution and use of business models in general company management, taking into consideration contemporary features of e-commerce.

Problem setting. Political ideology is a complex, ambiguous social phenomenon that is constantly in the focus of attention of scholars and is considered in various scientific discourses. The problematic situation is related to contradictions in the definition of the concept and place of political ideology in the socio-political space. In this regard, it is advisable to analyze the historical evolution of the concept of political ideology and explore the forms in which it is integrated in modern conditions. Recent research and publications analysis. The study of the problems of political ideology belongs to the sphere of scientific interests of both Ukrainian and foreign scholars. Among modern domestic researchers who deal with theoretical and methodological issues of political ideology should be noted such scientists as V. Andrushchenko, L. Gubernsky, N. Degtyareva, V. Denisenko, D. Dontsov, V. Zablotsky, F. Kirilyuk, V. Korablyova , V. Lisovy, I. Myhul, M. Mykhalchenko, O. Postol, A. Sukharina and others. Foreign scholars T. Adorno, T. Boyd, J. Habermas, M. Gorkheimer, D. Jost, P. Kisak, S. Krauthammer, K. Mannheim, D. Martin, N. Pulantsas, K. Federico, M. Frieden, M. Foucault, K. Harrison and others. Despite the fact that the scientific literature has widely reflected the understanding of various problems of political ideology, there are still a number of debatable issues that need to be constantly considered. Paper objective. The aim of the article is to study the essence of the concept of political ideology in modern socio-philosophical discourse; consideration of methodological approaches to the analysis of this phenomenon; identification of structural levels and components of political ideology, study of the features of its functional system. Paper main body. In the modern scientific literature, the concept of "political ideology" has many interpretations. This significantly complicates his research. To reveal the essence of this social phenomenon, we must first turn to the analysis of the concept of "ideology". Ideology is one of the forms of social consciousness. It is a theoretically generalized system of views and beliefs about society, in which theoretical and empirical knowledge is intertwined with beliefs and values. Ideology, in fact, is an intellectual expression of the activities of different classes and social groups that have their own conceptual and moral value systems. The basis of the ideological system of society is political ideology. Any ideology has a political character, but the concept of "political ideology" is used in a specific sense, namely - to characterize the rational-value motivation of political behavior and ideological basis of politics. Political ideology is a system of conceptually designed ideas, ideas and views on political life, which reflects the interests, worldview, ideals, moods of people, classes, nations, society, political parties. To analyze ideology as a factor in the political process, it is important to understand its structure and functions. After all, the structural elements of ideology have varying degrees of influence on the political process. According to Ukrainian scholars (M. Mikhalchenko, M. Ostapenko, О. Voronyansky, Т. Kulishenko and others) political ideology includes the following structural components: political ideas; political hypotheses, concepts, theories, doctrines; political ideals, values, slogans; political myths and political utopias; political programs. The functional system of political ideology includes a wide range of functions, including the following: orientation, mobilization, integration, depreciation, the function of expressing and protecting the interests of a particular social group. Conclusions of the research. Political ideology, which is a set of mostly systematized ideas, views, ideas of certain social groups, society as a whole, contains theoretical (conceptual) understanding of political life and protects their interests and goals through political power or influence on it. Its role in society is determined by the influence it exerts on the state of public consciousness through the implementation of its specific functions.

Дослідження розкриває проблеми фахової передвищої освіти в умовах війни, зокрема організації освітнього процесу, використання різних форм навчання та дослідженню рівня задоволеності освітнім процесом серед здобувачів фахової передвищої освіти. Метою дослідження є вивчення впливу військових дій в Україні на розвиток фахової передвищої освіти, проаналізовано переміщення закладів фахової передвищої освіти із території, яку тимчасово окупувала росія, проведено дослідження зміни чисельності кадрового складу педагогічних працівників у Хмельницькій області, проаналізовано зміни у складі контингенту здобувачів освіти, проведено порівняння форм навчання, проаналізовані основні ресурси дистанційної освіти. Установлено, що для продовження освітнього процесу в умовах військових дій можна використовувати різні форми навчання, які адміністрація закладів, заступники з навчальної роботи та дотичні фахівці можуть розглядати у відповідній конкретній ситуації, а також вивчаючи рівень потенційної загрози як для працівників, так і для здобувачів., The use of different types of training for vocational education students in the conditions of war, theory, and practice Our research reveals the problems of vocational education in wartime conditions, in particular the organization of the educational process, the use of different forms of education, and the study of the level of satisfaction with the educational process among students of vocational education. The purpose of the study is to research the impact of armed conflict in Ukraine on the development of vocational education, the relocation of vocational institutions from the temporarily occupied territories by Russia was analyzed. The study was conducted on changes in the number of teaching staff in Khmelnytskyi region, and changes in the composition of the contingent of education seekers. The comparison was made to forms of education; the main resources of distance education were analyzed. It was concluded that to continue the educational process in the conditions of armed conflict, it is possible to use different forms of training, which the administration of institutions, deputies for academic affairs and related specialists can consider in accordance with each specific situation, as well as studying the level of potential threat, both for teaching staff and for students. In addition to physical violence, the war brought a number of psychological problems that need to be solved, as well as building an educational process under the constant threat of missile strikes, artillery or bombing. The norms of full-time education change depending on the institution's ability to provide conditions for the protection of participants in the educational process during air raids. Institutions are recommended to conduct the educational process in mixed forms of education, introduce shift training and plan large winter vacations, to avoid an economic collapse due to the heating of the educational facilities, increase the working hours for teaching staff to 60 hours per week, continue the educational process after June 30. The Ministry of Education and Science, international organizations, regional military administrations and the international community are putting a lot of effort into developing recommendations and mechanisms to protect participants in the educational process, and planning the educational process in emergency situations and military operations. 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The article is devoted to highlighting some of the applied research results to study the system formation of the national-patriotic education of youth in Ukraine, namely, the issue of intersectoral cooperation in the field of national-patriotic education, according to the conditions of the current geopolitical situation. This research is aimed at identifying the specifics and problems of formation of the nationwide integrated system of national-patriotic education of youth. The material uses the method of systematic analysis, which allows to identify and describe the process of functioning and prospects for further development of the system of national-patriotic education of youth in Ukraine. Also there are usedthe method of expert assessments, survey methods, the method of generalization of independent characteristics and more. This paper focuses on the development of dialogue between the state and civil society (civil dialogue). It aims to increase trust between government and society, which in turn is the key to establishing productive forms of communication and interaction between them. It is established that intersectoral cooperation between the state and civil sectors in matters of national and patriotic education is being successfully established. This civil dialogue takes place through procedural and competitive mechanisms of cooperation and partnership at both national and regional levels. According to the results of the study, the authors proposed and substantiated recommendations and proposals to the Ministry of Youth and Sports and other executive bodies to improve national and patriotic education in the direction of its formation as a holistic national system. The paper shows the need for systematic, monitoring sociological research in order to obtain reliable information on the development of this area, the impact on it of current circumstances. The results of the research and its main provisions and conclusions provide a scientific and methodological basis for ensuring the functioning of national-patriotic education, an effective mechanism for forming and implementing public policy in this area, the mechanism of interagency cooperation, interaction of state and public institutions.

According to the Global Gender Gap Report 2019, Ukraine ranked 65 place among 149 countries on its progress towards gender parity in four dimensions: Economic Participation and Opportunity (97 place), Educational Attainment, Health and Survival and Political Empowerment. The most topical problems of gender inequality in Ukraine today are: theproblem of violence (90% of domestic violence victims are women), thepay gap (women in Ukraine are paid on average 25-30% less than men), minority in power (in the Ukrainian parliament only 20% of women, in the parliament of the previous convocation 12%) and gender stereotypes. Most of the problems of gender inequality are based ongender stereotypes, which form barriers for women to enter politics, non-interference of the police to family relations in case of committing crimes with domestic violence, etc. Gender stereotypes are supported bysociety and broadcasted through the media, in particular advertising. That actualizes the study of advertising in the context of the gender (in) equality formation. The aim of the paper is to consider advertising as a tool for the gender (in) equality formation. To achieve the aim it was necessary to solve the following tasks: to investigate the theoretical and practical foundations of the study ofadvertising as a tool for the gender (in) equality formation, to analyze theproblem of sexism and violence in advertising. Methods: gender analysis and synthesis in order to consider the theoretical foundations of advertising research as a tool for gender (in) equality, case study of advertising practices in Ukraine in accordance with the Advertising Standards of Non-Discrimination on Gender basis, secondary analysis ofdata "Women's Welfare and Security" 2019 to demonstrate the high level of violence against women in Ukraine, the prevalence ofpsychological violence associated with gender inequality in general andgender stereotyping of society in particular. Conclusions. The paper further develops the concept of gender in advertising ontheoretical and practical principles basis and studies advertising asatool for gender (in) equality formation. That allowed to provide appropriate recommendations and identify barriers to achieving gender equality in advertising. Barriers of gender equality formation in advertising were identified: 1)unprofessionalism of advertisers; 2)imperfection oftheUkrainian advertising law; 3)lack of a comprehensive state policy onthe gender equality formation; 4)the absence of education activities ongender, discrimination, human rights at all educational levels: preschool, school, higher education, advanced training; 5)insufficient level of consciousness of advertising customers and consumers who do not recognize the existence of discrimination; 6)the stability of gender stereotypes in society. To promote gender equality in advertising following recommendations were suggested: 1)advertiser’s professional growth; 2)introduction courses ongender theory, discrimination and human rights at all levels of education (preschool, primary, secondary, higher education); 3)bachelor's degree programs for advertisers, journalists, marketers should include disciplines such as "Gender and Media", "Professional Ethics", "Fundamentals ofLaw" (with a focus on anti-discrimination rules and laws); 4)“update” tothe Adwertising Law of Ukraine (regarding the necessary legal terminology (including the definition of sexism); the existing mechanism fordetecting violations, restoring law and order and imposing fines; forced dismantling of advertising; delimitation of liability and establishing theoptimal subject of liability); 5)self-regulation of the advertising sphere (affiliation of advertising agencies to professional associations, which have undertaken to comply with current legislation and non-discriminatory advertising standards will prevent the creation of such advertising, asviolation will mean exclusion from the professional community andadvertising services market); 6)state policy to pursue gender equality and elimination gender stereotypes (mandatory training for opinion leaders, civil servants, politicians, journalists, educators in the form oftraining on gender, non-discrimination, human rights); 7)development of "universal rules" in advertising with analogy to universal design inarchitecture, when advertising can be made gender sensitive (using avariety of non-discriminatory female and male images) or gender neutral (with a focus on the product or the use of animal images). РЕКЛАМА ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ФОРМУВАННЯГЕНДЕРНОЇ (НЕ) РІВНОСТІ За даними Global Gender Gap Report 2019 Україна посіла 65 місце із 149 країн за рівнем гендерної рівності, враховувались чотири критерії: економічна участь, рівень освіти, політичне представництво (97 місце) та сфера здоров’я. Найбільш актуальними проблемами гендерної нерівності в Україні сьогодні є: проблема насильства (90% потерпілих від домашнього насильства це жінки), розрив у оплаті праці (жінки вУкраїні отримують зарплатню в середньому на 25-30% менше зачоловіків), меншість у владі (в українському парламенті тільки 20% жінок, у парламенті попереднього скликання 12%) та гендерні стереотипи. На погляд авторки, в основі більшості проблем гендерної нерівності лежать саме гендерні стереотипи, що формують бар’єри для жінок у прагненні йти у політику, невтручання поліції у сімейні відносини у випадку скоєння злочинів з домашнім насильством і т.д. Гендерні стереотипи підтримуються суспільством та транслюються через медіа, зокрема рекламу, що актуалізує вивчення реклами вконтексті формування гендерної (не) рівності. Мета. Метою роботи є розглянути рекламу як інструмент формування гендерної (не)рівності. Для цього авторка планує дослідити теоретичні та практичні засади дослідження реклами як інструмента формування гендерної (не)рівності, проблеми сексизму та насильства у рекламі. Методи. Гендерний аналіз та синтез з метою розгляду теоретичних засад дослідження реклами як інструмента формування гендерної (не)рівності, кейс-стаді рекламних практик в Україні відповідно доСтандартів недискримінаційної реклами за ознакою статі, вторинний аналіз даних Дослідження насильства над жінками вУкраїні (проведено під керівництвом ОБСЄ „Добробут і безпека жінок” 2019) для демонстрації високого рівня насильства щодо жінок вУкраїні, поширеності психологічного насильства, що пов’язане ізгендерною нерівністю в цілому та гендерною стереотипізацією суспільства зокрема. Результати. У роботі дістав подальшого розвитку концепт гендеру у рекламі на основі розгляду теоретичних та практичних засад вивчення реклами як інструменту формування гендерної (не)рівності, що дало змогу надати відповідні рекомендації та виділити бар’єри на шляху досягнення гендерної рівності у рекламній сфері. Таким чином, можна виділити бар’єри формування гендерної рівності у рекламі: 1)непрофесіоналізм рекламістів; 2)недосконалість українського закону „Про рекламу”; 3)відсутність комплексної державної політики із формування гендерної рівності; 4)відсутність на рівні освіти (дошкільна, шкільна, вища, підвищення кваліфікації) обов’язкової просвітницької дільності стосовно гендеру, дискримінації, прав людини; 5)недостатній рівень свідомості замовників реклами таспоживачів, які не визнають існування дискримінації; 6)стійкість гендерних стереотипів у суспільстві. Висновки. В якості рекомендацій із сприяння гендерній рівності у рекламі можна виділити наступне: 1)підвищення кваліфікації вже існуючих рекламістів; 2)впровадження обов’язкових модулей із основ гендеру, дискримінації та прав людини на всіх рівнях освіти (дошкільна, початкова, середня, вища); 3)в рамках бакалаврських навчальних програм для рекламістів, журналістів, маркетологів введення в якості обов’язкових дисциплін на кшталт „Гендер та медіа”, „Професійна етика”, „Основи права” (з фокусом на антидискримінаційні норми тазакони); 4)внесення правок до Закону України „Про рекламу” (щодо необхідної правової термінології (зокрема визначення слова сексизм); існуючого механізму виявлення порушень, відновлення правопорядку і накладання штрафів; примусового демонтажу реклами; розмежування відповідальності і встановлення оптималь_ного суб’єкта відповідальності); 5)саморегуляція рекламної сфери (належність рекламних агенцій до професійних асоціацій, що взяли на себе зобов’язання дотримуватись чинного законодавста та стандартів недискримінаційної реклами унеможливлять створення подібної реклами, оскільки порушення буде означати виключення ізпрофесійної спільноти та ринку рекламних послуг); 6)планомірна політика держави із побудови гендерної рівності та боротьби ізгендерними стереотипами (обов’язково роходження підвищення кваліфікації для лідерів думок, держслужбовців, політиків, журналістів, освітян у вигляді тренінгів з основ гендеру, недискримінації, прав людини); 7)розробка „універсального дизайну” реклами за аналогією із універсальним дизайном в архітектурі, коли рекламу можна зробити гендерно чутливою (використувоючі різноманіття недискримінаційних жіночих та чоловічих образів) чи гендерно нейтральною (із фокусом на продукт або використання образів тварин).

The purpose of the articleis to investigate and theoretically justify ways to increase the percentage of the scientific paper uniqueness, defining the basic procedure of text modification based on studying the principles sites work designed to increase the originality of the research material artificially. Research methodology.The authors have applied general scientific research methods as empirical, analysis, logic, comparison, experiment, and visualisation methods to achieve the purpose. Scientific novelty.The article first describes the working principle of the following sites ‘The First Ukrainian Service to Increase Uniqueness and Reduce Plagiarism’, ‘Pidvyschyty-antiplagiat.rf’, ‘Anti-antiplagiat.rf’, ‘Anti-plagiat killer’, the work’s mechanism of which is to increase artificially the originality of the text. Conclusions.The study has established that eye-catching site titles that promise to increase the percentage of the work uniqueness are not a guarantee that such cheat will not be noticed during verification. Identifying methods for modifying the text of the scientific paper is one of a specialist’s tasks who checks academic papers. Therefore, there is an increasing need to deepen knowledge in the field of computer technology every time, to develop the ability to think logically, to improve the level of qualifications, getting acquainted with the experience of colleagues. The presence of anti-plagiarism systems, the software of which is constantly updated, simplifies the search for matches, saves time and human resources aimed at analysing the submitted file and identifying signs of academic integrity violation.

The article provides a methodological justification for assessing the state of financial management of the enterprise using the category of "technological way". The paper presents a conditional view of the sedentary technological structure in the form of: axes as a group of interconnected new industries, technologies, enterprises; disk as a manufacturing sector that unites large industrial enterprises that produce competitive serial products; Tires are mainly small and medium-sized enterprises that generate the latest products and technologies and undergo trial marketing. The paper considers the structure of the axis of the technological structure of financial management of the enterprise, as well as providing financial instruments – financial assets and financial liabilities.

The paper analyzes the specifics of the formation and implementation of cultural policy in the EU and participation of Ukraine in the Creative Europe programme. Using systematic and comparative methods, as well as historicism and objectivity, the paper presents the main areas of cooperation of Ukrainian cultural and creative industries in the implementation of the Programme. The formation of cultural policy in the EU remains the domain of the governments of the member states; but launched in the early 2000s comprehensive programmes��Culture��, intended to last several years, aimed at preserving cultural heritage, supporting various creative sectors ��� art, literature, architecture, etc. ��� aimed at developing intercultural dialogue and mutual respect of all EU citizens. Summarily, the mechanism to implement them is as follows: the European institutions approve the strategic document ��European Agenda for Culture��, and implementation of it is regulated by Work Plans for Culture with specific priorities, methods, steps, and deadlines. The Creative Europe programme has become the first full-scale practice of Ukraine in the area of cultural policy together with the EU countries. The Creative Europe programme consists of three sub-programmes that define individual sectors of the cultural and creative industries. International partnership and partial funding of the Programme are the prerequisites for participation in it. The participation of Ukrainian artists in the EU Programme enriches the experience of international cooperation, promotes new creative initiatives, changes in cultural management, mastering new forms of interaction and coordination between state institutions and art centers, better understanding, tolerance and openness of Ukrainians on the path to European integration., {"references":["Butsenko, O. (2015). Natsionalnyi zvit po Ukraini [National report on Ukraine]. Council of Europe, ERI Carts.","Farinia, K. (2017). Rozvytok kulturnykh ta kreatyvnykh industri [Development of cultural and creative industries]. Kyiv, Ukraine.","Kern, P. (2017). Zvit nezalezhnykh ekspertiv «Nezalezhna ekspertna otsinka kulturolohichnoi polityky Ukrainy» [Report of independent experts «Independent expert assessment of cultural policy of Ukraine»]. Council of Europe.","Kern, P., Vorobei, V. (2017). Funktsionalnyi ohliad Ministerstva kultury Ukrainy [Functional review of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine]. Kyiv, Ukraine.","Pezenti, M. (2020). Kulturne vidrodzhennia ta sotsialna trasformatsiia Ukrainy. Rol kultury ta mystetstva u zmitsnenni stiikosti post maidannoi Ukrainy [Cultural revival and social transformation of Ukraine. The role of culture and art in strengthening the stability of post-Maidan Ukraine]. Ukrainian Forum, November 2020."]}

The subject of research is the development of accounting as a tool for strategic management of the enterprise in a competitive environment. The purpose of the paper is to determine the role, place and tasks of accounting in the system of strategic management of the enterprise. Research methods. The dialectical method of scientific cognition, the method of analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, the method of data generalization are used in the work. Results of work. The paper defines the meaning of the term «strategy». Two main directions in the context of strategic management are outlined. The role and place of accounting in the system of strategic management of the enterprise are determined. Conclusions. The results of the conducted study were the following conclusions. Effective development of accounting is possible under the condition of normalization and clear definition of its theoretical provisions, conceptual apparatus, tools. Among the relevant today issues in the development of accounting are determining the place and role of accounting in strategic management. The enterprise management system as a whole consists of two main blocks (processes): strategic and tactical management. In this case, the tactical block is more connected and has a direct impact (through tactical management) on the production process, and the strategic block is more connected and has an impact on the external environment. The role and place of the accounting system in enterprise management are determined. Exactly the type of activity of the enterprise determines the essence and content of the accounting system of a particular environment.

The subject of the study is the mechanism of prevention and counteraction to legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime in the financial security system of the banking system. The purpose of the paper is to determine the main provisions for improving the methodological and regulatory organizational aspects of financial monitoring. Research methods. The dialectical method of scientific cognition, the method of analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, the method of data generalization are used in the work. Results of work. The paper outlines two categories on which the system of prevention and counteraction to legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime is based. Three main systems of organization of financial control are defined. The directions of the state policy of counteraction to money laundering in Ukraine are considered. Conclusions. One of the most relevant global financial problems in recent years is the growing number of cases of banks participating in the process of money laundering. This causes huge losses to credit institutions, undermines the confidence of bona fide depositors, in addition, the circulation of such funds harms the economy. Given the urgency of this problem, the main aspects of improving the methodological and regulatory organizational aspects of financial monitoring are considered. The main issues that need to be addressed are: the formation of methodological principles in the field of money laundering in relation to the detection and avoidance of operational risk; improving the system of identification and study of clients conducting financial transactions; in respect of which there is a motivated suspicion.

Problem setting. Human actions and deeds that tend to deviate from institutionalized expectations are becoming less predictable, contrary to existing cultural and moral norms, social rules and responsibilities in a given society, and can be seen as a potential threat to the social order. That is why the need to analyze the problem of the nature of mass deviations is relevant. Recent research and publications analysis. The results of scientific investigations of deviant behavior as a social phenomenon have found theoretical justification in the numer- ous works of sociologists, conflictologists, philosophers, culturologists, psychologists, jurists: I. Bakum, K. Bartol, G. Becker, R. Blackborn, T. Garasimov, J. D. Downs, P. Rock and Y. McLaughlin, I. Zhdanova, T. Zelinskaya, M. Inderbitsin, K. A. Bates, R. R. Heine, N. Kivenko, Z. Kisil, R.-V. Kisil, J. Kleiberg, L. Kozer, L. Kotlyarova, A. Crossman, C. Lom- broso, E. Manuylov, Y. Kalinovsky, N. Martyniuk, V. Mendelevich, T. Parsons, B. Tkach, K. Horne, E. Erickson and many others. Paper objective – disclosure of the functional conditionality of the objective nature of deviation as a social phenomenon inherent in any society. Paper main body. A methodological distinction between deviance as a system of cer- tain individual and social anti-values has been made. The methodological basis of this distinction was the comparative analysis of nonconformist (“fundamental deviation”) and aberrant (“appropriate deviation”) behavior proposed by R. Merton. It is shown how the morphogenesis of aberrant behavior forms the mechanism of transition of individual anti- values into social ones. Initially, aberrations remain in the private sphere and have no social consequences, but over time, deviations spread, especially when most people see that violators thrive and become a “role model” (according to R. Merton), and the devia- tion becomes regular. The next step – common in society aberrant behavior seeks to weaken or even destroy the legitimacy of institutional norms in force in the system, result- ing in the institutionalization of deviations. This is due, firstly, to the regular nature of aberrations, secondly, the transition of deviations from the private to the public, thirdly, the well-established “social mechanics” of deviations and, finally, the rarity of penalties for aberrant behavior or its symbolic sanctions. As a result, three variants of institutional- ized deviations are formed: “normative erosion”, which is associated with the slow liber- alization of certain norms; «Resistance to norms», when new norms are introduced by order “from above”; “Substitution of norms”, when the current norms are not refuted, but common deviations seem to become legal due to the scale and duration of their ap- plication. Regardless of which option is implemented, it is through aberrations that the transition of individual anti-values into social ones is completed. The objective nature of social deviations has a functional conditionality. First, soci- ety’s desire for development requires a change in the usual ways of acting, which, in turn, involve deviations from social norms. The destruction of the standards of action proposed by the norms, due to mass repetitive deviations, performs a signal function of the obsoles- cence of those existing norms and values that inhibit social progress. Secondly, the increase in the number of interactions and, consequently, social roles that are simultaneously performed by a socially active person in the development of society, leads to the fact that within the system of social norms governing social interactions, contradictions arise when compliance with one rule effective need to violate another. Therefore, there are forced deviations. Based on this, a classification of deviant behavior is proposed, where the cri- terion for typology is the rationality / irrationality of the choice of actions: unconscious (is the result of mental disorders that lead to violations of human adaptation to social norms, when deviations from officially established or actually existing standards in soci- ety have no rational explanation) and conscious, which is divided intovoluntary (is a form of disorganization of human social behavior, which on the basis of their own rational moral choice consciously demonstrates inconsistencies with expectations and/or require- ments of society) and forced (is a kind of behavior influence of objective external factors, characterized by the inevitability of violation of one rule in favor of another due to the presence of logical contradictions in the system of norms governing a certain type of social relations). Conclusions of the research. Violation by the individual of the internalization process of social experience can lead to impoverishment of the role repertoire, its deformation, entry into the antisocial plane and, as a consequence, the emergence of various manifesta- tions of personality antisocialization, its desocialization, and subsequent social maladaptation. At the same time, the transfer of emphasis in the value orientations of people from spiritual priorities to material ones intensifies the emergence of zones with a high level of social entropy in the social space. Social entropy provokes the spread of aberrant behav- ior – actions associated with a conscious hidden violation of social norms by the indi- vidual, when he is clearly aware of the asociality of their actions, creating a system of individual anti-values. Unlike nonconformist (“fundamental deviation”), which usually initiates normative innovation, aberrant behavior (“appropriate deviation”) produces normative deviations. The lack of choice in the dilemma “to violate – not to violate the norm” leads to forced deviations, the analysis of the possible consequences of which requires further study.

The Digital Age has created new challenges to understanding the rules of intellectual property law in today's context. The purpose of this article is to conduct a qualitative and quantitative systematic review of international scientific databases of humanities and general sciences in the projection of determining the scope and specifics of disclosure of intellectual property rights in research in the context of public relations in the digital space. The analysis of the four digital competence frameworks (Digital Competence Framework for Citizens DigComp 2.1, Microsoft Digital Literacy (ver. 4), Digital Intelligence (DQ) Framework, and UNESCO Global Media and Information Literacy Assessment Framework) revealed that the issue of intellectual property rights in the majority of the frameworks is disclosed superficially, where intellectual property is understood as synonymous with copyright. To determine the prerequisites and methodological approaches to creating the content of such frameworks, we carried out a study of trends in the analysis of intellectual property rights in the context of improving the digital literacy of citizens. According to the results of a systematic review of 93 scientific papers on ERIH PLUS and ScienceDirect databases, we found that interest in intellectual property issues has had a clear tendency to increase in the last five years. However, among the appeals to intellectual property rights, copyright and the general term "intellectual property" prevail. At the same time, the scale of references is mostly limited to mentions. Moreover, studies have insufficient multidisciplinarity or low quality of interdisciplinary connections. In the scientific context of research, the papers reveal purely pedagogical issues in the vast majority; fewer studies contain the predominant aspects of socio-economic, legal, engineering, philosophical, and psychological issues. We determined that increasing the interdisciplinarity of research, considering existing legislation and current proposals for its improvement, and more active involvement of intellectual property rights specialists in the development of appropriate digital competence frameworks can accelerate the improvement of digital literacy.

The Digital Age has created new challenges to understanding the rules of intellectual property law in today's context. The purpose of this article is to conduct a qualitative and quantitative systematic review of international scientific databases of humanities and general sciences in the projection of determining the scope and specifics of disclosure of intellectual property rights in research in the context of public relations in the digital space. The analysis of the four digital competence frameworks (Digital Competence Framework for Citizens DigComp 2.1, Microsoft Digital Literacy (ver. 4), Digital Intelligence (DQ) Framework, and UNESCO Global Media and Information Literacy Assessment Framework) revealed that the issue of intellectual property rights in the majority of the frameworks is disclosed superficially, where intellectual property is understood as synonymous with copyright. To determine the prerequisites and methodological approaches to creating the content of such frameworks, we carried out a study of trends in the analysis of intellectual property rights in the context of improving the digital literacy of citizens. According to the results of a systematic review of 93 scientific papers on ERIH PLUS and ScienceDirect databases, we found that interest in intellectual property issues has had a clear tendency to increase in the last five years. However, among the appeals to intellectual property rights, copyright and the general term "intellectual property" prevail. At the same time, the scale of references is mostly limited to mentions. Moreover, studies have insufficient multidisciplinarity or low quality of interdisciplinary connections. In the scientific context of research, the papers reveal purely pedagogical issues in the vast majority; fewer studies contain the predominant aspects of socio-economic, legal, engineering, philosophical, and psychological issues. We determined that increasing the interdisciplinarity of research, considering existing legislation and current proposals for its improvement, and more active involvement of intellectual property rights specialists in the development of appropriate digital competence frameworks can accelerate the improvement of digital literacy.

Problem setting. One of the complex and controversial theoretical issues is the meteorological division and construction of the taxonomy of parts. After all, humanitarian and social subjects, due to their own specifics related to their existence, need other grounds for distribution. Thus, the study of the taxonomy of parts and its logical principles in meteorology will help to deepen the understanding of the specifics of the humanities and social sciences and the development of the logical basis of the methodology of the humanities. Recent research and publications analysis. Analysis of sources of origin, modern theoretical works on meteorology indicate unresolved issues regarding the taxonomy of parts, the possibility of involving mathematical set theory, doubts about the stability of the principles of part ratio, the problem of identity and more. Paper objective. The purpose of the study is to consider the problem of division of the whole into parts and the principles of construction of the taxonomy of parts, the reasons for their stability or doubt in meteorology. Paper main body. Mereological structure consists of a whole and parts. Parts can be constituent elements, components, ingredients, portions, aspects, parties, members, etc. Parts can be considered in the abstract (as a part in relation to any whole) or in relation (taking into account the function, ie as a component of the whole). Parts can be concrete or abstract. When analyzing the types of parts, there may be a problem of identity. The order of the parts, their distribution and relationship are determined by reflexivity, transitivity and antisymmetry. All three principles – reflexivity, transitivity and antisymmetry, together with taxonomy appear as the theoretical basis of classical meteorology. Conversely, in nonclassical meteorology, arguments are developed regarding doubts about the stability of these principles. Additional principles are the principles of composition and decomposition. Extensional mereology demonstrates its limitations in relation to living objects. Conclusions of the research. The article analyzes the types of parts, the principles of their relationship, doubts about the stability of these principles and their assessment of the identity of parts and the whole. In our opinion, this opens the possibility of further distinguishing between extensional mereology and meteorological approach in hermeneutic logic, which determines the further success of building an authentic logic of humanitarian and social cognition.

Problem setting. Today new generation of future military professionals must be prepared for professional activity and life in the ever-changing conditions of military affairs. Military activity is a specific type of activity. Therefore, higher military education should become school of high culture of thinking of future military specialists. The formation of a logical culture of the future military specialist and a holistic personality is inconceivable without the formation of professional thinking. One of the main shortcomings in the training of cadets is the problem of solving new technical problems. Recent research and publications analysis. On the basis of theoretical analysis of scientific sources and expert assessment of the significance of components of the creative activity of military specialists professional thinking, the criteria for the development of each component and their indicators have been defined. This problem is considered by Zavalishin, Teplov, Yagupov, technical thinking (Kudryavtsev, Kulyutkin, Reshetnikov) and othes. Paper objective. In the research the theoretical basis and experimental study of peculiarities of the development of the logical component of future military specialists’ professional thinking in the process of professional training in a higher education institution have been carried out. Paper main body. On the basis of theoretical analysis it has been determined that logical thinking is an important component of the professional skill of a specialist, which ensures the successful accomplishment of professional tasks, the adoption of optimal solutions in a certain area of activity, and it is the embodiment of the professional competences of the individual and the condition for his or her professional development. The paper deals with the problem of logical thinking as an important component of training military specialists in psychological and pedagogical sciences. The analysis of thinkingas a psychological cognitive process, in scientific works of foreign and native scientists, considering the regularities of the human psyche functioning in extreme situations, has carried out, in order to improve the moral and psychological support of the personnel. The model of future military specialists training for the development of primary school pupils’ logical skills has been developed and tried out. It includes such units as: purposeful (social control, aim, tasks); methodological (approaches, principles, interaction subjects); content and activity (content, forms, means, methods, technologies); assessment and resultative (criteria, rates, levels, result). Forms, methods and means of educational process according to the future military specialists training for the development of cadets logical skills have been improved. This notion has historical character and complex structure: levels of formal logic and dialectics. The pedagogical ways of formation of culture of thinking of students are also given. The transition in the educational dialogue from oral to written, from the external to the internal dialogue, and vice versa, ensures the development of thinking interlocutors in the process of solving educational problems. Educational dialogue is not only an exchange of remarks between its participants, but it is their social interaction, communication, which activates their mental, emotional, sensuous activity. The characteristics of professional thinking of the organizers of future military specialists, which need to be developed to achieve professionalism in the professional military activity, have been considered. Conclusions of the research. Practical meaning of the obtained results lies in the development and implementation into the educational process of establishments of higher education the diagnostics methodology of the future teachers’ readiness levels for the formation of military specialists logical skills. The number of academic hours has been increased to study the methodology of solving tasks in logic. The characteristics of professional thinking of the cadet, which need to be developed to achieve professionalism in the professional military activity, have been considered.

Problem setting. The relevance of our study is due to the excessive popularity of the concept of «socio-cultural identity» as a scientific term and tool for studying the postmodern world. As a concept of socio-humanitarian knowledge, it remains one of the most uncertain and at the same time actively used in modern research for theoretical and practical analysis and typology of socio-cultural processes. Understanding the specifics of socio-cultural identity and its formation in postmodern conditions is one of the most relevant and acute topics of modern science, which can provide a full understanding of the essence of this world. Recent research and publications analysis. Representatives of almost all humanities are involved in the discussion about identity. The fundamental development of the concept of sociocultural identity of the postmodern world is contained in the works of J. Habermas, E. Giddens, E. Erickson, A. Etzioni, M. Castells, F. Cassidy, S. Huntington, E. Smith, F. Fukuyama, W. Hesle and etc. Ukrainian researchers have also contributed to understanding the problem of identity. They have a large number of works that are directly or indirectly related to the phenomenon of identity and have such a wide variety of topics that it is not possible to present it exhaustively. A specific feature of their work is the indepth attention to everything related to the national component of socio-cultural identity. The main result of the accumulation of knowledge about socio-cultural identity by the social sciences and humanities is the understanding that adequate research of this phenomenon is possible only in an interdisciplinary space. The tendency to comprehend identity in science persists and in parallel new directions of research are developing – first of all, it is a study of the social construction of identity in the postmodern era. Paper objective. The purpose of our study is resource of the peculiarities of the transformation of socio-cultural identity as an object and subject of social construction, which has specific features in the postmodern conditions, which has specifics in Ukrainian society. Paper main body. The tendency to study identity in a socio-cultural perspective was formed at the end of the XX century, when it began to be positioned as a set of positive signs of combining oneself with a community based on a common historical past and cultural values. Socio-cultural identity has a personal, individual level and social, group and combines different modifications that depend on its basic criteria – civilization, regional, civic, political, ethnic, national and others. An indisputable sign of the times isthe active formation of a hybrid, multiple identity (national, regional, civilizational), when different criteria are used for self-identification, as well as mosaic identity, when selfdetermination criteria are quickly adjusted according to the new life situation. Postmodern is a historical epoch that begins in the XX cent. and continues to this day, increasingly acquiring such features as dynamism, nonlinearity, ephemerality and conflictgenerating development of socio-political processes, exacerbation of territorial, demographic, national, religious, environmental and other problems. Transformational processes of the ending of the XX century led to a weakening of its clarity and the formation of «soft», «fluid» identity, which is associated with the departure into the past of the classical forms of class structure of modern society. The arena of the struggle for identity is politics, various economic, political and social processes that act as mechanisms for constructing socio-cultural identity. The construction of identity is directly based on the problem of social construction of reality. The transformation of socio-cultural identity of the postmodern is due to the following features of the era: pluralization; continuous dynamism, variability that often destroys, devalues, marginalizes traditional basic spiritual values; bifurcation of cultural space; absolutization of freedom and opportunities for individual choice; high level of tolerance; formalization and virtualization of identity, its blurring. Based on this, we identify the leading features of socio-cultural identity of the postmodern: first, personalization, individualization of identity, which is seen as a personal project that allows the individual full self-expression; secondly, flexibility, plasticity, variability. Scientists have repeatedly pointed out the lack of a project of postmodern identity acceptable to Ukrainian society, the need to construct a «new» Ukrainian identity, however, understanding this problem in the context of globalization, called for the uniqueness of the Ukrainian nation. Conclusions of the research. The debate about socio-cultural identity in Ukraine is growing and gaining popularity due to social crises and constant transformations, and, in our opinion, because for a long time (after independence) identity policy was not a priority and the elite did not care about its construction.The Ukrainian elite, trying to build a sociocultural identity in postmodern society, must use the full potential of cultural space – historical and cultural attractions, language, science (especially the humanities), literature and art, education, museums – to develop a consolidated identification project. The solution to the problem of building a socio-cultural identity in Ukraine can be manifested in two directions – a radical change of identity in accordance with the complete modernization of society in post-Soviet times; – creation of non-conflict (low-conflict) socio-cultural identity on the basis of continuity and preservation of cultural tradition, which could become an effective resource for the development of society

Problem setting. National liberation movements have always occupied an important place in international relations and domestic politics. As a rule, they are a reaction to legal, political, economic or cultural injustice on the part of the state in which they originate. Representatives of the movement are trying hard to defend their rights to their own identity, and sometimes to independence and self-determination. The «Green Book» of the Irish Republican Party is the conditional name of the official protocols of the Irish Republican Army, which at some point in time became open to the public. These documents allow us to better understand the political and economic goals of the IRA, the structure of the organization, tactics, as well as the morale and ideology of volunteers. The publication of these sources is a very important factor for their further study in order to improve measuresto prevent separatist terrorism and guerrilla warfare, which in the XXI century are gaining new meanings and opportunities for implementation. Recent research and publications analysis. Despite the great interest in the study of national liberation or separatist movements and their ideological basis, there is still no unambiguous explanation of the conditions for the emergence of separatism and the significant spread in society of ideas of self-determination of a particular ethnic group. It is customary to take into account a rather superficial understanding of the main purpose and reasons for the struggle of individual liberation movements, which sometimes turn into armed formations such as the IRA. As a result, researchers ignore the program documents and statutes of various separatist organizations, which allow us to better analyze the basic principles and purpose of their activities. Paper objective. The purpose of the article ‒ is to consider the content of IRA program documents, which are conventionally called the «Green Book», the features of ideological principles and practical methods of functioning of the republican army. Paper main body. The origins of separatism in Ireland date back to the 12th century under the leadership of Art Og McMorrow Caven, who as King of Leinster (Eastern Ireland) waged a very successful guerrilla war. the culmination of nationalism was the guerrilla war in 1916, when the social movement of the Irish people against Britain reached incredible proportions. It was during this period that the Irish Republican Army (IRA) intensified its activities, transforming local nationalism into a politically motivated struggle against the clear features of separatism and later terrorism under the auspices of the IRA. The British Crown tried for a long time to stop the organization, but it failed to do so due to the strong system and tactics of the IRA guerrilla struggle. The Green book consisted of three main parts, which together constituted a separate collection of documents that had been hidden from the public for decades and only after the official cessation of the IRA’s publication were published its basic tenets. the arrest of the Chief of the General Staff of the Provisional IRA, Seamus Twomi. Many researchers of the history of the Irish Republican Army believe that there are other parts of this collection, but at the moment there is no information about them. Upon joining the organization, the future recruit took an oath of allegiance to the IRA’s top management, promising total commitment to the organization’s ideas and understanding that a volunteer could be imprisoned and tortured at any time. In addition, the recruit must be clearly aware of his or her own political motives and articulate them clearly when joining the IRA. The republican movement did not support any political and economic blocs in either the West or the East, that is, against military organizations such as NATO and the Warsaw Pact.The IRA declares that it is in the interests of other oppressed nations of Europe, as well as neutral non-aligned peoples of the Third World. and labor resources, the destruction of original culture and language, and, most importantly, the loss of independence in deciding their own destiny. Republican ideology, in fact, created the ideal soldier who is ready to fight for their freedom and the state until death. At the moment when the recruit was imprisoned, it remained important for him to remain calm, steadfast and in no case to release secret information, because it would threaten not only the detainee, but also the activities of the entire organization of the Republican Army.All these guidelines, described in the Green book, are important for understanding the political and ideological goals of the Republican insurgents. It is quite clear that an IRA volunteer could be a person with clear convictions, ready to endure torture and psychological pressure and in no way betray his brothers and the «high idea» of the Irish state, which does not depend on anyone. Conclusions of the research. The functioning of the IRA is impossible without its ideological justification and the behavior of the insurgents in an armed uprising. Such a statutory document for the IRA was the «Green Book», which is extremely important in understanding the purpose and features of the organization of the republican-insurgent movement. Thanks to access to such program documents, we can analyze the content, reasons, features of not only the organization as a whole, but also the moral aspect and psychology of a person joining the ranks of such an organization or national liberation movement. Considering the content of the «Green Book», the explanation of the political and economic component and the psychological state of IRA volunteers becomes quite clear. The «Green Book» is valuable primarily because it explains the morale of an IRA member, tells about his willingness to give his life at any time for the highest value of the ideas of the republican movement, also explains the way of life of such a person in society and the importance of the mystery of the organization. It should be noted that any national liberation movement, except for the outer shell of militancy, has a developed structure, as well as, above all, the motivation and ideological beliefs of volunteers, which always becomes the most powerful driving force of any liberation movement. Studying and understanding such documents helps us to better understand the nature of such uprisings, the emergence of separatism within a particular ethnic group and allows us to use this knowledge to prevent their formation by developing holistic concepts of interethnic dialogue within a single state, but also apply this experience globally.

Problem setting. There is evidence that Political power plays a crucial role in regulating social processes. But it is also a difficult concept to understand and define. That’s why this phenomenon has been studied by many researchers using different methods and absolutely different scientific approaches, what has made it an ambigious term. It causes an actuality of synthesizing the most significant innovative concepts into unite theoretical background.Resent research and publication analysis. Previous research has established that Political power is related to Power of law. A number of cross-sectional studies suggest an association between Political power and Public governance, State Power. The issue has been a controversial and much disputed subject within the multidisciplinary field of sociological, culturelogical, psychological and even linguistical researches. As a result, this concept has recently been challenged by postmodernist’s studies demonstrating its hidden features. We should notice a big number of scholars, from M. Faucault and P. Bourdieu to S. Lukes and K. Dowding, whose developments in the field of Cratology have led to a renewed interest in political power. Paper objective. The purpose of this investigation is to explore the innovative approaches to political power understanding and to give own definition of this phenomenon. Paper main body. The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology based on qualitative and quantative, theoretical and empirical studies. The overall structure of the study takes the form of two conditional parts. The first part of this paper examines the innovative approaches to general power understanding. In the section we are proving that power is based on information. The second part also begins by laying out the theoretical dimensions of the research, and looks what is political power at postmodernist’s context. In summary, information is seemed to be the most efficient power resource, because it touches each part of people existence. Conclusions of the research. So, we can confirm that political power is perceived rather as communicative, mental concept than a part of state’s institution system. In other words, now it is believed that modern power as kind of social influence is appearing from every part of social life due to its cognitive nature, but at the same time it is almost disappearing as traditional part of government structure. The result of the analysis is also proclaimed by the author’s approach to the rationalization of «political power»: «classical» (power and political power are the same), «institutional» (based on the law and the state form of political power) and «functional» (based on the information power that is aimed to political processes. The next result of the article is our political power clarifying. According to the R. Dahl’s definition and the V. Ledyaev’s classification we define political power as a «A’s possibility to construct B’s «picture of the world». So, this study seems to be relevant. In conclusion I’d like to say that this topic is perceived as inexhaustible and that theme is still so actual for further multidisciplinary researches.

Problem setting. Ukraine continues its integration processes with the international community, in particular, with the European Union and NATO. But comprehensive integration leads to the fact that Ukraine is forced to integrate into the negative processes from which the modern world suffers and with which it tries to fight. With the rapid development of the Internet, its use with criminal intent is probably developing at the same rate. Novelty, level of danger, volumes of received and future possible losses of this type of crime contributed to the formation of such a dangerous phenomenon as cyberterrorism. Accordingly, there is a new task for world scientists – to understand the essence of the concept of cyberterrorism most accurately and generally, to explore its deep aspects, to develop a single conceptual apparatus and to propose a system of preventive measures.Recent research and publications analysis. The topic of information terrorism within the Ukrainian cyberspace, as well as its inseparable interaction with the world wide web, theoretical aspects of this phenomenon, disclosure of concepts related to cybercrime are covered in the publications of such domestic researchers as S. Hnatyuk, О. Gerashchenko, V. Ostroukhov, M. Prysyazhnyuk, I. Diorditsa, O. Trofimenko, Yu. Prokop, I. Aristova, V. Tsymbalyuka, O. Zadereiko, O. Bogdanov, O. Drozhchan, M. Gutsalyuk and others. A number of well-known foreign scientists and philosophers have devoted their works to the study of the phenomenon of terrorism in the context of globalization and the rapid development of information and communication technologies, in particular E. Toffler, B. Hoffman, A. Schmid, D. Bell, J. Baudrillard, E. Giddens, F. Fukuyama and others. Paper objective. This article aims to formulate a generalized definition of «cyberterrorism», its key elements, sources, features of implementation, specificity and classification through the method of deduction (derivation of true knowledge from the general term «terrorism» to specific – «cyberterrorism»). Paper main body. The opinion of domestic and foreign scientists on the concept of cyberterrorism is analyzed. Based on the considered opinions, the authors try to show the peculiarities of cyberterrorism and reveal its danger to society as a whole and individuals. Finally, the authors turn to the analysis of Ukrainian legislation on cyberterrorism. Conclusions of the research. Taking into account all the mentioned above, the state should introduce appropriate training systems for integrated skills and abilities that are necessary to support the goals of cybersecurity in secondary and higher schools, conduct cybersecurity briefings, increase digital literacy and the culture of safe behavior in cyberspace, as well as timely report about new threats and ways to avoid them.

Problem setting. Manipulations are the main thing in «black rhetoric». Nowadays, it is not difficult to influence with the help of words, different techniques can be used, but they all act as a forced verbal influence on the listener. All of them are formulated and sound based on the power of words. However, where the coercion of submission to another’s will is disguised and hidden, there is always contempt and speculation. Therefore, it is no coincidence that most experts raise the question of the moral side of the use of black rhetoric. However, it is fair to say that «black rhetoric» does not mean that it is «forbidden rhetoric.» Most likely – this is the reverse side of the classic rules of the communicative process. These are two reverse sides of the same coin: on the one hand, argumentation and logic are clearly presented. On the other hand – rhetoric as a method of securing beliefs. It is believed that black rhetoric is constructive under certain conditions. Paper objective. An article devoted to the study of the problems of the application of manipulations with «black rhetoric», coverage of the technology of black rhetoric and methods of resistance to the means and technical manipulative influence on consciousness. The aim of the study is to reveal the techniques of «black rhetoric» and find ways to overcome several methods of manipulating consciousness. Paper main body. According to K. Bredemayer, «black rhetoric» is the manipulation of a complex of rhetorical, dialectical, polemical and rabid methods in order to direct the conversation in the desired direction and lead the opponent or the audience to the desired conclusion and result for the manipulator. «Black rhetoric» and logic are interconnected, they are united not only by a common process of proof, but also by the fact that each of the sciences is based on thinking, in fact, the main type of rhetoric is verbal thinking, and the most important argument is manipulation. Verbal thinking – thinking that operates with fixed concepts in words, thoughts, conclusions, analyzes and summarizes, builds hypotheses and theory. It takes place in forms that are constant in the language, ie carried out in the processes of internal or(«thinking aloud») external language. Communication through verbal means is nothing more than the use of a living word in the transmission of information. But in addition to language, speech, there are other means of communication. People exchange information through gestures, facial expressions, looks, postures, body movements, which are called non-verbal (non-verbal) means of communication. Nonverbal communication is a system of nonverbal cues that serve as a means of exchanging information between people. There is no consensus on the composition of nonverbal components of communication, their classification is based on different criteria. Thus, the communicative nonverbal components of communication are praxodic, kinetic, toxic and proxemic means. «Black rhetoric» uses primarily verbal manipulations. Manipulation is the covert control of people and their behavior. The peculiarity of all manipulative language techniques is that the speaker does not directly state his true purpose. The interlocutor seems to come to the conclusion that the manipulator needs. Language manipulation can be found in almost all spheres of human life: in advertising, trade, politics, education, psychotherapy, jurisprudence, literature, family communication and more. In addition to language manipulation, there is also psychological manipulation, which has the following characteristics: the attitude of the manipulator to the objects of manipulation as a means to achieve one’s own goal; the desire to gain a unilateral advantage; the latent nature of the influence (both the fact of influence and its direction); use of psychological vulnerability of the person. The analysis of the listed manipulative techniques of «black rhetoric» shows the absence of logical methods of proof and refutation. Psychological factors, emotional influences, suggestive possibilities are emphasized – thinking avoids logical principles of proof and refutation. Conclusions of the research. Strategies such as: take the initiative in the conversation to prevent manipulation; do not allow a skillful interlocutor-manipulator to disturb the normal course of your thoughts in his favor, because black rhetoric seeks to use linguistic means, the purpose of which is the ability to argue and discuss, emphasize and propagate so that the speaker always wins, despite the erroneous judgments. To effectively counteract «black rhetoric», psychological influence through critical thinking and reflection should be avoided; emphasize the logical means of discussion; analyze the information by comparing the proposed facts to be verified. Mastering the logical methods of introducing a discussion allows you to overcome the dangerous effects of «black rhetoric», to resist suggestions. Information security is thus achieved by mastering logical knowledge and skills of logical proof and refutation.

Problem setting. Due to the rapid development of digital technologies, the issue of status settlement and the use of artificial intelligence technologies is especially relevant. This fact indicates the need and importance of finding answers to the question and aims to intensify and unite the efforts of the scientific community to address relevant issues. One of the areas of scientific research is the doctrinal development of new phenomena and processes that have arisen and are taking place in the state and legal sphere under the influence of digitalization of economics, management and law. The tasks of scientific research are to comprehend the impact of the digitization process on the state and legal sphere of society; law as such; assessment of the transformations that are taking place and identification of trends in their dynamics; forecasting the state of these phenomena in the future; formulation of fundamental and applied problems of legal science in terms of doctrinal development of the laws of development and functioning of law, state and legal sphere of society in the conditions of digital reality, determination of approaches to their solution. Recent research and publications analysis. An analysis of recent research and publications shows that scientific research on this issue is carried out mainly within the economic, political, computer, legal sciences, although the problems and prospects of digitization of law require a deep and thorough philosophical, including philosophical and legal understanding. The rapid development of new technologies, in particular artificial intelligence technologies, the Internet of Things, cloud technologies, etc., is contributing to changes in current legislation. Today, advanced economies are already pondering the question of regulating the status and use of AI technologies. While these are only the first bold steps, in the future, all of these can affect global changes in the legal system – perhaps full-fledged comprehensive institutions of law, even the branches of law. Paper objective. The purpose of this article is a philosophical and legal understanding of the impact of digitalization on the state and legal sphere of society and law as such. Paper main body. One of the practical aspects of digitalization is the manifestation of the state’s ability to provide various services. If necessary, citizens receive certificates, records, statements, responses to electronic inquiries, electronic payments. Other practical aspects, provided that these technologies are used wisely, can improve welfare in education, public safety, and health. In addition, digital imaging can also help address common global issues, such as climate change and greater access to health care and mobility. At the same time, according to many researchers, along with the benefits of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, new types of ethical issues are being raised, namely compliance with legal ethics standards by artificial intelligence systems and justice, the most important of which are respect for human rights and democratic values. , as well as the danger of transferring prejudices from the analog to the digital world. Researchers have linked the legal challenges of using artificial intelligence technologies in legal practice to a number of issues. In particular, with such as: ensuring data confidentiality; access to confidential law enforcement information; lack of regulatory framework for the use of artificial intelligence systems in legal practice; protection of intellectual property; risk assessment of the use of artificial intelligence systems by a lawyer when working with a client; other potential problems of lawyer’s liability; dangers of unauthorized access and modification of artificial intelligence systems by attackers; damage to artificial intelligence systems by malicious virus programs; violation of the terms of providing advice from artificial intelligence systems in case of technical problems, etc. Therefore, the development of systems that transparently use artificial intelligence and are responsible for their results is critical. Artificial intelligence systems must function properly and safely.According to experts, the unresolved in Ukraine of many political and legal issues related to the rapid development of the information and communication sphere with the advent of digital technologies has become dangerous. It is obvious that the transformations in society associated with these processes require new approaches to the development of national policies for the digitalization of society, which should be based on international agreements. Due to these transformations, there is a need to develop strategic documents that will regulate this area. These documents should be flexible and designed to take into account the maximum amount of data, as well as ensure the free development of innovative technologies and prevent possible risks. Issues of development of the digital economy and society of Ukraine do not fully meet today’s conditions, not enough account is taken of the transformations that have emerged and are currently taking place both in law and in the field of legal regulation under the influence of digitalization. Digital technologies are able to change the image of law, to influence its regulatory potential and efficiency, to open the way or to block its action in new dimensions of social reality. Traditional rather than digital vision of law, legal technologies and certain types of legal activity by legislators is a consequence of the lack of relevant scientific developments that will identify and explain the impact of the digitization process on the law and the legal sphere of society. The practical need for this kind of research is now greater than ever. In order to satisfy it, scientists should intensify work in this direction. Conclusions of the research. The new digital reality puts forward new requirements for legal science and legal practice, including the development of effective tools and models of legal regulation of various spheres of public life. In modern conditions, law becomes not only a means, a tool that provides digitalization of the economy, government and other segments of social life, but also the object of digitalization. With the development of digital technologies, the contradiction between the need for quality both in terms of form and content of regulations, as well as the ability to meet it in a short time. The task of the state is both to provide favorable conditions conducive to digitalization and to create opportunities for their implementation.

The paper analyzes the legislation of the Provisional Government of Russia of 1917 which ensured the democratization of the Zemstvo electoral system by introducing general, equal, direct elections by secret ballot. According to the transitional legislation of 1917, elections of county and provincial councillors were held according to the proportional electoral system. As a result of the elections, the provincial and county zemstvos were Ukrainized and democratized by involving peasants’ representatives. However, given voters’ low political culture and lack of political experience, this electoral system proved ineffective. Participation in the elections of mainly one public organization – the Peasants’ Union, which received the right to elect provincial councillors, led to a decrease in the zemstvo governors’ professional training level, which was one of the reasons for the zemstvo self-government decline.Elections of volost councillors on the resolution of county zemstvos representatives’ congresses could be held under both majority and proportional electoral systems, which indicates the expansion of suffrage. On the territory of the Left Bank of Ukraine, the elections of volost councillors were held under the majority electoral system, which was quite justified, as voters were not ready for elections on the basis of tThe paper analyzes the legislation of the Provisional Government of Russia of 1917 which ensured the democratization of the Zemstvo electoral system by introducing general, equal, direct elections by secret ballot. According to the transitional legislation of 1917, elections of county and provincial councillors were held according to the proportional electoral system. As a result of the elections, the provincial and county zemstvos were Ukrainized and democratized by involving peasants’ representatives. However, given voters’ low political culture and lack of political experience, this electoral system proved ineffective. Participation in the elections of mainly one public organization – the Peasants’ Union, which received the right to elect provincial councillors, led to a decrease in the zemstvo governors’ professional training level, which was one of the reasons for the zemstvo self-government decline.Elections of volost councillors on the resolution of county zemstvos representatives’ congresses could be held under both majority and proportional electoral systems, which indicates the expansion of suffrage. On the territory of the Left Bank of Ukraine, the elections of volost councillors were held under the majority electoral system, which was quite justified, as voters were not ready for elections on the basis of the proportional system. Holding the volost elections showed a number of shortcomings, which, objectively, included insufficient level of election commissions’ preparation and, as a result, violations of the law. The low level of voters’ political and legal culture did not allow to ensure the proper conduct of the election campaign. Opposition by anti-democratic and anti-Ukrainian forces in the process of holding zemstvo elections led to absenteeism among votershe proportional system. Holding the volost elections showed a number of shortcomings, which, objectively, included insufficient level of election commissions’ preparation and, as a result, violations of the law. The low level of voters’ political and legal culture did not allow to ensure the proper conduct of the election campaign. Opposition by anti-democratic and anti-Ukrainian forces in the process of holding zemstvo elections led to absenteeism among voters.

The subject of the research is the processes of socialization of ICT risks in Pascal and Visual Basic for Applications programming environments. The purpose of the paper is to identify the mechanisms of socialization of ICT risks in Pascal and Visual Basic for Applications programming environments. Research methods. The dialectical method of scientific cognition, the method of analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, the method of data generalization are used in the work. Results of work. The paper investigates the features of socialization of risks of introduction of information and communication technologies in Pascal and Visual Basic for Applications programming environments, and also defines the mechanisms of overcoming these risks with the help of the tools of the listed above high–level programming languages. Conclusions. At a qualitatively new stage of informatization of educational processes in Ukraine, it is important not just local cases of introduction of information and communication technologies, but a deep process of socialization of ICT risks, which is comprehensive in the field of modern secondary and higher education. We are talking about the adaptation of the human personality to modern information technologies, the building a system of protection against threats posed by these technologies, ensuring its social communications (e.g., social networks), the formation in society of a developed information culture based on information security values.

The paper deals with the problem of comic translation. The cinematic text of fiction film “Guardians of the Galaxy” was taken as the research material. The main purpose of this research is to cover the problems the translators and the dubbing team face in providing translations of comic into the cinematic text. A novelty in the science involves an approach to the analysis of comic in cinematography, because we chose a fantasy film, which does not always contain comic in contrast with comedies. The article reveals the main characteristics and functions of comic in cinematic text. The main difficulties arising in translation are the adaptation of the already translated phrases to the actors' articulation; the translation of comic phrases in such a way that they trigger a similar reaction on the Ukrainian audience; translation of the realities of another culture and general parlance. The paper analyzes the particular examples of the above mentioned difficulties in translation. In the study, the author concludes that the result of a comic translation depends on the translator, as well as the dubbing team. The issue of comic transmission still needs further study. This subject will be of interest to specialists in film translation and duplication.

The paper deals with the problem of comic translation. The cinematic text of fiction film “Guardians of the Galaxy” was taken as the research material. The main purpose of this research is to cover the problems the translators and the dubbing team face in providing translations of comic into the cinematic text. A novelty in the science involves an approach to the analysis of comic in cinematography, because we chose a fantasy film, which does not always contain comic in contrast with comedies. The article reveals the main characteristics and functions of comic in cinematic text. The main difficulties arising in translation are the adaptation of the already translated phrases to the actors' articulation; the translation of comic phrases in such a way that they trigger a similar reaction on the Ukrainian audience; translation of the realities of another culture and general parlance. The paper analyzes the particular examples of the above mentioned difficulties in translation. In the study, the author concludes that the result of a comic translation depends on the translator, as well as the dubbing team. The issue of comic transmission still needs further study. This subject will be of interest to specialists in film translation and duplication.

Introduction. The paper deals with the problem of the impact of digital technologies on various fields, including education. This was due to the digital revolution, which is associated with the progress of computer technology, the breakthrough of which occurred in the last quarter of the twentieth century. The paper highlights the facts that digital technologies are being introduced into the economic and social sectors that are changing people’s lives. With the advent of digital devices in human life, education has led to adapt to the new demands of the times. It is noted in the paper that digital transformation is expressed through computerization and informatization. Such changes cannot but affect the system of training teachers of natural sciences. It is suggested that in the formation of relevant competencies it is necessary to focus on the model of the hierarchy of digital skills and the list of digital competencies defined at the legislative level. In order for a specialist to be in demand in the labor market, he/she must possess and apply modern methods, forms and technologies. The result of digital competencies can be such components as: didactic (application of digital competencies according to the goal), creative (look for new approaches to the use of technical means), practical (organization of the educational process with digital means), informational (giving information, visualization, content creation). All this should be reflected in new teacher’s professional standard, where he/she must use information and digital competence, in particular: to work in the information space and use information resources for educational purposes. Thus, in the training of teachers of natural sciences a model should be developed in which attention should be paid to digital competencies. It is necessary to form a methodological approach to the organization of the educational process, to integrate into the educational process such forms of work as: adaptive learning, blended learning, making, analytical learning. Formulation of the problem. The catalyst for change in the middle of the twentieth century was the digital revolution, which led to the development of semiconductors, which led to the advent of personal computers. Today, the main source of change is digital technology, which is transforming almost all spheres of life. The digital transformation is associated with the advent of thefourth industrial revolution, which aims to adapt to new challenges. The issue of digital transformation is studied by a number of scientists who understand it as: process, strategy and paradigm shift. Thus, there is no clear understanding of the phenomenon of “digital transformation” in the context of education. However, it is no longer possible to ignore the current advances in the world, as we should pay attention to the fact that the fundamental changes that are taking place in our world should be linked to the spread of digital technologies. Therefore, important key points should be identified that should be taken into account when training teachers in the twenty-first century. Emphasize the digital transformation, which will in particular prepare teachers who will respond to the new realities of the third industrial revolution and force the educational process to be organized in such a way that students develop the appropriate digital skills and competencies that a modern teacher should have. The purpose of the article is to analyze the concept of “digital transformation”, to identify transformational changes that occur in education, to identify the processes that take place to understand the meaning of “computerization of education” and “informatization of education”. Research methods: description, analysis. Conclusion. The digital transformation is evolving in the economic model of the fourth industrial revolution. This term should be understood as the translation of real processes into a virtual process with its own structure. Transformation in education occurs as a result of changes in the field of information technology, which is characterized by human interaction with a device that changes both the economic and social spheres. In the educational sphere, there are changes in three directions. Personal – the emergence of new requirements for teachers, governed by professional standards, the results of which are enshrined in the form of competencies. Infrastructural– provision of material and technical base to institutions that provide educational services in accordance with the requirements of the time. Strategic – training of a teacher-specialist of a new formation, which is competitive in the labor market.

The presented paper is devoted to the consideration of public speaking as one of the genres of the argument text. This paper considers English-language argumentative speech as a means of influence on an audience. The rhetorical argumentation concept as a verbal activity is considered, which is aimed at convincing the audience to accept (or reject) a certain point of view using statements or arguments. Also, an attempt was made to analyze the English-speaking public speech. The structure, arguments, theses, and the means that are used by the speaker to influence the audience were highlighted in the course of the analysis of public speech. It was found that argumentation is a complex multi-level phenomenon that is in the field of interest of a whole range of scientific disciplines: philosophy, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, psycholinguistics, psychology, hermeneutics, social sciences, and pedagogical sciences. By using logically formulated arguments and authoritative data (statistics, references to scientific sources, etc.), the speaker discovers a purposeful speech impact on the audience to convince listeners to accept the point of view/position necessary in a given situation, make a choice or contribute to the organization and implementation of certain value attitudes.

The presented paper is devoted to the consideration of public speaking as one of the genres of the argument text. This paper considers English-language argumentative speech as a means of influence on an audience. The rhetorical argumentation concept as a verbal activity is considered, which is aimed at convincing the audience to accept (or reject) a certain point of view using statements or arguments. Also, an attempt was made to analyze the English-speaking public speech. The structure, arguments, theses, and the means that are used by the speaker to influence the audience were highlighted in the course of the analysis of public speech. It was found that argumentation is a complex multi-level phenomenon that is in the field of interest of a whole range of scientific disciplines: philosophy, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, psycholinguistics, psychology, hermeneutics, social sciences, and pedagogical sciences. By using logically formulated arguments and authoritative data (statistics, references to scientific sources, etc.), the speaker discovers a purposeful speech impact on the audience to convince listeners to accept the point of view/position necessary in a given situation, make a choice or contribute to the organization and implementation of certain value attitudes., {"references":["Anderson, C. (2016). Ted Talks: The Official TED Guide to Public Speaking. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.","Anisimova, T.V., & Gimpel'son, E.G. (2002). Sovremennaya delovaya ritorika [Modern Business Rhetoric]. Voronezh: Izdatel'stvo NPO «MODEK» [in Russian].","Crystal, D. (2016). The Gift of the Gab: How Eloquence Work. Oxford, U.K.: Yale University Press, 2016.","Jay, M. (2013). Transcript of \"Why 30 is not the New 20\". Retrieved February 15, 2021, from https://www.ted.com/talks/meg_jay_why_30_is_not_the_new_ 20/transcript","Kostyunina, M. (2011). Sravnitel'nyi analiz ritoricheskoi argumentatsii v predvybornom diskurse B. Obamy i Dzh. Makkeina [Comparative Analysis of Rhetoric Argumentation in the Election Discourse of B. Obama and J. McCain]. Politicheskaya lingvistika, 2, 125–132. [in Russian].","Perelman, Ch. (1978). The New Rhetoric and the Humanities. Dordrecht","Sahach, H.M. (2000). Rytoryka [Rhetoric]. Kyiv: T.G. Shevchenk KNU [in Ukrainian]"]}

The paper focuses on the pragmatic load of anthroponyms in a literary text on the material of modern Turkish television serials. Using J.L. Austin's speech act theory as a theoretical basis for this research, the choice of a character's name by the author of a literary text and the choice of a name’s variant in a certain communicativesituation are respectively considered as a speech act of naming and a speech act of calling, which are conditioned by communicative intentions of the speakers (the author or the characters) and have a certain speech influence on the recipients (film viewers or other characters). The paper analyzes contexts with formal and informal and symmetrical and asymmetrical communication (by age and social status) in Turkish TV serials and reveals the illocutionary force of the use of different variants of Turkish personal name and name models (full names, short names, names + honorifics, names + family terms, diminutive and hypocoristic forms of a name) in various communicative situations. It is concluded that the choice of a name or a name variant in a literary text depends on the communicative traditions of the Turkish society, ideological and artistic intentions of the author and pragmatic attitudes of the communicators.

The paper focuses on the pragmatic load of anthroponyms in a literary text on the material of modern Turkish television serials. Using J.L. Austin's speech act theory as a theoretical basis for this research, the choice of a character's name by the author of a literary text and the choice of a name’s variant in a certain communicative situation are respectively considered as a speech act of naming and a speech act of calling, which are conditioned by communicative intentions of the speakers (the author or the characters) and have a certain speech influence on the recipients (film viewers or other characters). The paper analyzes contexts with formal and informal and symmetrical and asymmetrical communication (by age and social status) in Turkish TV serials and reveals the illocutionary force of the use of different variants of Turkish personal name and name models (full names, short names, names + honorifics, names + family terms, diminutive and hypocoristic forms of a name) in various communicative situations. It is concluded that the choice of a name or a name variant in a literary text depends on the communicative traditions of the Turkish society, ideological and artistic intentions of the author and pragmatic attitudes of the communicators., {"references":["Danyl'chuk, D.V. Akt movlennievyi. Velyka ukrayins'ka entsyklopedіya. Reviewed from: https://vue.gov.ua/Акт мовленнєвий/ [in Ukrainian].","Lesіns'ka, O.M. (2020). Doslіdzhennia onomastykonu khudozhn'ogo prostoru tekstіv D.G. Lourensa. L'vіvs'kyi fіlologіchnyi chasopis, 6, pp. 132-136 [in Ukrainian].","Lopatina, K.V. (2010). Antroponimy v khudozhestvennom diskurse. Sistemnye i diskursivnye svoistva ispanskikh antroponimov (pp. 105-181). Voronezh: Izd-vo VGU [in Russian].","Austin, J.L. (1986). Slovo kak deistvie. Novoe v zarubezhnoi lingvistike. Vyp. 17: Teoriya rechevykh aktov (pp. 22-129). Moscow: Progress [in Russian]."]}

Problem setting. An identity is formed and develops on a border social and personal realities, by submitting a soba their contradictory unity the study of that helps social philosophy to expose the features of life of modern society. For the study of virtuality the analysis of totality of spatially-judicial descriptions of authentication is needed, that will allow to overcome the context of her opening out in the conditions of virtualization of society, when the potential prevails above available. Life is impossible out of time and space, it has specific spatial descriptions. Recent research and publications analysis. Despite the growing interest in the study of the virtual, in modern scientific discourse there is still no unambiguous interpretation of the term «virtual reality»: it is understood as an artificial environment supported by computer programming tools (including the Internet and computer simulators), a number of human mental states ( hypnotic trance, dreams, creative process, etc.), as well as a set of phenomena associated with the functioning of the media environment (media, digital economy, etc.). As a result of this posture, the attention of researchers remained the problems of the influence of spatial parameters of virtuality in the social environment. Paper objective. The purpose of the article is to consider the features of spatiality inherent in virtual reality in general, as well as the specifics of cyber-virtuality as a special manifestation of the virtual in social reality. Paper main body. Entering the virtual environment involves going through the initial registration procedure and subsequent identification, a kind of simplified initiation rites, «initiation» into users. In addition, the user gets the opportunity to identify himself as Вісник Національного юридичного університету імені Ярослава Мудрого № 1 (48) 2021 «his», acquires a different status than the «guest», which is anonymous, invisible, in many cases does not have access to information or cannot leave comments. Leaving the Web returns a person to a state of anonymity, while re-entering leads to individuation and return to the cyber-virtual microspace, the person’s immediate environment on the Web. The concept of «virtual ghetto» is considered, which means a space that isolates subjects within the framework of a virtual social community from other groups through borrowing patterns of social interaction and through the choice of contexts of selfpresentation that allow them to best «fit» into their environment. The Internet is a new space for social practices, a space of boundless, relatively free, communication, despite the desire to control the processes taking place there by the authorities. This is a space for free self-expression of a person, a refuge for creative research, a repository of wisdom, an arena for debate, a work of art that can be valued as a masterpiece of music, painting or architecture. Here it is possible to create social movements based on value identities, independent of the so-called flows (informational, symbolic, monetary, etc.) that regulate social life, set its pace and often contribute to human alienation in the modern world, in particular, through control over access to the Internet. Comprehension of the category of virtual space leads to the statement that traditional spatial oppositions are erased here, and any point in the world can become close and even central. The cycles of entry and exit from this space set the rhythm of relations within virtual communities, self-developing intellectual systems, united by a semantic field that is significant for each of their members. Conclusions of the research. Relations within virtual communities are determined in a certain way by the functioning of social fields characterized by a set of norms, the internalization of which leads to the inclusion of the individual in the field, where he is endowed with some freedom of action. Human limitation by the framework of the field, his dependence on the virtual microspace in decision-making, being on the «virtual periphery» is opposed to absolute freedom, leading, ultimately, to the limitation of the framework of personal space, fraught with alienation from society, the loss of the need for communication and society.

Problem setting. Although modern humanity has proclaimed the universality of human dignity and desperately upholds this value, which is fully in harmony with freedom, equality andfraternity, the truth is that in reality it has not yet been able to go beyond the status of a citizen of the nation state in its legal and political conventions. . In this sense, a very important issue is the representation of the real situation around the categories of «universal citizenship», «human rights» and «globalization» in the midst of the geopolitical conflict in Latin America caused by the persecution of 21st century socialism. Paper objective. This critical essay aims to discuss the real significance of such political and legal categories as «universal citizenship», «human rights» and «globalization» in the midst of the geopolitical conflict that led to the persecution of 21st century socialism in Latin America. Methodology. The methodologicalfield of the research uses documentary observation and dialectical hermeneutics, which help to compare and reconcile categories with different semantic contexts to reconstruct their true meaning. The technique of writing this research was the methodological procedure of the hermeneutic circle, which is a sequential analysis of numerous written documentary sources, combined in a kind of dialogic context with hidden messages that can be read between the lines, as well as interpretive theories and critical thinking. Paper main body. There is much in common between the contemporary political and philosophical programs of the Western cultural space, ofwhich Latin Americans are a part, and the ideas of universal citizenship, globalization, and human rights in a spirit of deep militant universalism that function fully today not only as abstract theories at the disposal of peoples and nations who continue to work to improve their living conditions and strengthen their freedom to exist and act in a better world. As for the tradition of human rights as a modern expression of natural law, it dates back to ancient times and even dates back to the great religions, which in their own way developed and substantiated the idea of human dignity. The history of the Institute of Human Rights has a pronounced anthropocentric character and deserves to be expanded in accordance with the geopolitical realities of the modern world, in order to protect the indisputable value ofall life forms affected by such phenomena as global warming and the associated greenhouse effect. economic growth that requires technological and industrial modernization. For its part, «globalization with a human face» means the ability to interconnect and enrich not only material andfinancial resources, due to the insatiability of international markets, but also the cycle of knowledge and people required by modern world democracies to strengthen their social and human capital. . In this context, the idea of global or universal citizenship, while seeming utopian, is of paramount importance as it broadens the political phenomenon of citizenship, which is vital to modern democracies or polyarchies, forgetting the tradition of history ruled by supreme forces and structures. Although, according to K. Popper, already the historicist concept assigned a fundamental role in building a reality conducive to the exercise of freedom, the citizen, conscious and active. Thus, if globalization is reduced purely to the internationalization of capital and selective human and technological resources solely in the interests of corporate elites and does not turn into a globalization of social welfare and dignity - a process in which universal citizenship would be a logical consequence, then partial globalization, which can do little to promote an open society in the 21st century. Conclusions of the research. The study concludes that if globalization is reduced to the internationalization of capital and individual human and technological resources for the benefit of the corporate elite and does not extend to the globalization of social welfare and dignity, where universal citizenship would be a logical consequence, such globalization is unlikely to contribute building an open society of the XXI century.

The aim of the paper is to analyze the concept and structure of a biology teacher’s mathematical competence. In the research described in this paper, theoretical methods of systems analysis, theoretical modeling of pedagogical process, superficial peer review, and sampling methods are used. The nature of a biology teacher's activity made it possible to identify 21 areas of mathematical activities; peer rating thereof was conducted; three mathematical competence levels (Elementary, Intermediate, Advanced) were identified. According to the developed model, mathematical competence includes blocks of subject-methodological and scientific analytical activities of a biology teacher, blocks of analytical, operational and gnoseological functions, a block for selecting mathematical activity types, a core and a block of secondary types of activities. Estimates of complexity of main types of mathematical problems for biology teachers were also obtained and key problem types were identified: operation problems on fractions and decimals, standard index form, and division in a given ratio, combinatorial, probabilistic theoretical problems, and data analysis problems. The research conducted makes it possible to develop a methodological mathematical competence development system in the continuing postgraduate pedagogical education system and improve the level of mathematical training of future biology teachers at pedagogical universities. Developed mathematical competence of a biology teacher enables quality teaching of the corresponding subject taking into account key interdisciplinary relationships. Further research in this area includes detailing the structure and content of a biology teacher’s mathematical competence, study of the correlation between mathematical competence levels and other components of a biology teacher’s subject-methodological competence, and development of methodological systems for developing a biology teacher’s mathematical competence in the postgraduate pedagogical education system

Problem setting. The development of society is constant. New technologies require the formation of skills that affect both professional and domestic activities of people. Employers seek to select employees who will be interested in their professional activities, which will contribute to the personal development of the individual and will have a positive impact on the work of the enterprise. Recent research and publications analysis. In the works of sociologists, the process of self-development of the individual, which contributes to his promotion by professional ladder, is defined as a «career». The analysis of literature sources shows that over time, the interpretation of this concept changes somewhat, acquires new approaches, but its conceptual essence, however, is not definitively defined. Paper objective. This article aims to define the conceptual meaning of the concepts of «career» and «career strategies» based on the definitions proposed by researchers from different eras. Paper main body. The analysis allowed to identify two main conceptual approaches to the concept of «career», according to which the conceptual essence of career is the individual’s desire for professional self-development, which is reflected in his professional activities, on the one hand, and on the other, life - this is a career, so the standard of living and success directly depend on the level of activity of the individual, his desire to develop. Career strategy is a model of behavior that an individual chooses during professional growth. The literature offers many variations of this definition and classification of models of career strategies, but the most complete and generalized is the classification proposed by E. Shane and the conceptual essence of the concept of «career strategy» is reduced to a conscious choice of behavior by the individual both in the professional sphere and in life in general. Sociological research shows that the model of career strategy is a direct reflection of the behavior and lifestyle of the individual in his professional activities, which affects and determines the rate of career growth. Conclusions of the research. Analysis of scientific publications and scientific works allows to characterize the term «career», in a conceptual sense, in two perspectives, the first of which is formed on the basis of definitions proposed by the classics of sociology, and characterizes it as a process ofprofessional growth. and from another point of view, which is defined by both foreign and domestic sociologists of the twentieth century, life is a career, it is a continuous movement in a certain direction of professional and personal growth. «Career strategy», according to the generalized definitions, is a model of an individual’s behavior during his movement up the career ladder, which determines the speed of the individual’s development, the ability to succeed in his career and personal life.

Problem setting. Anthropological issues are one of the key areas of research in both the humanities and natural sciences. Karol Wojtyla’s philosophical and theological heritage is a valuable object of study in view of the thinker’s study of human problems in various philosophical fields, analysis of the results of scientific achievements and the distinctive features of methodology. The importance of Karol Wojtyla’s anthropological teaching is determined by its practical nature. Recent research and publications analysis. Ofparticular interest are the works of the following researchers: Gh. Pilusj, J. Kupnyj, I. Galjarovich, P. Bortkevych, F. Ghrenjuk, Ch. S. Bartnik, S. Kovaljchyk, M. Ghrabovsjkyj, P. Jarocjkyj, O. Kyrylova, I. Savynsjka, O. Bondar. The variety of theories and often the fragmentary nature of research reveals the needfor their systematization and rethinking the anthropological teachings of Wojtyla. Paper objective. The goal of the paper is to study the peculiarities of Karol Wojtyla’s adequate anthropology. Paper main body. The paper reveals the basis of the philosophical and anthropological doctrine of the thinker, which is represented in the unity of spiritual, religious, and moral manifestations of human transcendence. It analyzes the connection of Wojtyla’s anthropological heritage with personalism, phenomenology, and Thomism. It is established that the creative heritage of Karol Wojtyla is characterized by a kind of conceptual and categorical apparatus that combines philosophical and theological concepts based on ethical terms. Conclusions of the research. It is established that, in contrast to the Aristotelian- Thomistic interpretation, Wojtyla consideredfreedom to be the basis of all human qualities. It is investigated that the basic concepts of adequate anthropology of Wojtyla include: person, work, freedom, experience, love, law, beauty, truth, goodness, duty, and responsibility. Based on the research, I concluded that Karol Wojtyla is a representative of ethical personalism.

Problem setting. During the period of expansion of the practice of argumentation in society, thanks to the media, the theory of argumentation is also actively developing. In the process of interdisciplinary research and the influence of irrationalism, the problem of rethinking the rationality of argumentation, the conditions for its rationality to preserve the civilizational orientation of the development of modern society, arises. Recent research and publications analysis. At the present stage ofdevelopment of the theory of argumentation, differences in the correctness and incorrectness of argumentation and proof are investigated, various concepts of the logic of argumentation, its role in communication, the rationality of the rules in argumentation as a characteristic of human rationality are proposed. Paper objective. The aim of the study is to reveal the reasons for the rationality of argumentation by analyzing the logical rules and values, their relationship in the construction of the structure of argumentation, the differences from the evidence. Paper main body. The rules for the structural elements of argumentation are divided into: rules of the thesis, rules of arguments and rules of demonstration. Arguments as bases in the structure of argumentation are connected with the thesis of causation. The logical rules of truth of implication establish a strict relationship between cause and consequence. Based on a certain rule, it is possible to obtain one or another logical value. It is in the peculiarity of causation that the difference in the argumentation in which it is modified lies. Modified argumentation changes the implicit connections. Logical rules and values are also implicitly related. If the logical meaning of truth in the traditional and classical sense represents the highest level of reason, which is identified with the perfect form, then the different derived values (probabilities, sufficiency, etc.) are associated with different types of rationality. An essential feature of rationality is the ability to justify. Rational reasoning related to speech contexts is crucial for argumentation. Contextual coherence and communicative nature allow us to generally determine the type of rationality of such an argument as discursive rationality. Different types of justification determine different types of rationality. The difference in the logic of argumentation appears as the difference in the conditions of the antecedent in implicit relations. The effectiveness of discursive rationality depends on the strength ofjudgments. The open nature of the argument means that there is no final rule; the rules are intersubjective; their establishment and choice requires strong-willed efforts and reflection, the involvement of the criteria of truth. Conclusions of the research. Analysis of modern research on the theory of argumentation shows a certain expansion of the possibilities of intelligent human activity in relation to the limited model of perfect pure reason according to the rules. But argumentation in its various forms is a rational activity connected with the logical criteria of truth. In this case, a significant difference between man as an intelligent being is justified through the awareness of rational activity that occurs according to certain rules.

Problem setting. Given that voters usually react more to the past than to the vague future that their candidates for power «paint» in their minds during the election campaign, the problem of analyzing the phenomenon of electoral memory of Ukrainians in today’s challenges is relevant. The manipulation of collective memory by political elites in the electoral space is reflected in a process called «memory politics». Recent research and publications analysis. Based on the analysis of the concepts of collective memory of M. Halbwachs, A. Assmann, J. Olvik, M. Bloch, D. Zhukov, the commemoration of P. Nora, A. Megill, E. Romanovskaya, G. Gornova and the policy of memory. According to V. Achkasov, A. Miller, D. Gigauri, electoral memory is defined as the intentional orientation of the voters’ consciousness to the past, when the result is memory as a representation of a specific electoral behavior. Paper objective. The aim of the article is to study the influence of electoral memory on the political choice of citizens and socio-political consequences of its recoding. Paper main body. Electoral memory has been shown to involve external coding using certain political and psychological technologies, including and manipulative. The example of the analysis of the presidential and parliamentary elections in 2019 shows how the meaningful recoding of the electoral memory of Ukrainians took place. The structure of electoral memory includes codes that: 1) do not position politics as a professional activity that requires special professional training; 2) give a positive color to dilettantism in politics under the slogan of ensuring the constitutional right of everyone not only to vote but also to be elected; 3) given that memory operates not with facts but with images, has the ability to sort, organize and select these images and regulates their storage (short-term-long), deform the mechanism of transformation of short-term memory into long-term (so-called, «Consolidation of the trail»), produce a cult of «new faces» in politics. Such changes in the characteristics of the electoral memory of voters in Ukraine will inevitably lead to changes in the mechanism offunctioning of its electoral space. According to the electoral process, the concept of space is three-dimensional and characterizes the positioning of its actors in conditions ofelectoral competition, determines (1) the rating of the candidate (applicants) for power in the political landscape of society, (2) «distance» separating him (them) with competitors in the struggle for the vote, (3) the ability to change this distance. Changes in the structure of electoral memory most actively affect the processes that determine the third dimension of electoral space - the «drift» of the electorate from election to election according to patterns of social tectonics. Given the predominance of short-term electoral memory, the electoral space becomes very mobile and unpredictable, dependent on a large number of situational external factors, and the unstable socio-political situation slows down the process of rationalizing political choices and forming long-term electoral memory. Conclusions of the research. As a result of the analysis the author’s typology of electoral memory is offered, which includes the characteristics of permanent, situational and ambivalent (transitional) types, selected on the basis of the following indicators: main resource, implementation mechanism, information storage time, formation factors, degree of volitional regulation, mental activity regulators. The conclusions emphasize that the structural elements of electoral memory are embedded in the political process and are constantly reproduced in appropriate actions that should be aimed at creating and maintaining a collective identity.

Problem setting. One of the distinguishing features of the modern era is the marginal and dubious nature of explanations of complex social realities. Cognitive and symbolic specifics of conspiratorial thinking, marked by a sense of predictability, regularity and explicit simplicity, contribute to the development and dissemination of political mythology. Recent research and publications analysis. In recent decades, concepts have been actively used in the body of social science works: paranoid style, conspiratorial narrative, power discourse, unstable ontologies, crisis of production of meanings, conspiratorial worldview. The latest scientific search takes place in the context of abandoning the strict framing of conspiracy theories in favor of a pluralistic approach that combines epistemic, existential and social dimensions of the subject. Paper objective. The aim of the article is to try to identify the features of conspiracy in the latest conditions of cultural development. Paper main body. The article shows the features of modern conspiracy theories in terms of its paradoxical stability, information and cognitive attractiveness. It is emphasized that the conspiracy discourse determines the peculiarities of the conspiratorial mentality, influencing, in particular, the existential aspects of human life. The consequences of the influence of conspiracy theories can be not only feelings of alienation from politics or radicalization of society, but also the blurring of semantic boundaries between conspiracy theories and more respectable forms of socio-political criticism. Such features make it possible to distinguish positive and critical understandings of conspiracy theory, as well as to outline the main vectors in further theoretical studies of conspiracy theories. Among the distinctive features of conspiratorial meaning formation are the cultural-temporal universality, the paradoxical combination of irrational and rationalist ways ofperception, and others. The peculiarities of conspiratorial thinking in comparison with the radical- constructivist specifics of the explanation of the world, as well as in the communicative- narrative logic are analyzed. The difference between conspiratorial meaning formation and the picture of the world in unstable ontologies is shown. Differentiated conspiracy narrative and political imagination. Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of agency in the context of a multi-vector model of social organization. Conclusions of the research. The dynamics of the multifaceted study of conspiracy correlates with the growing awareness that conspiratorial narrative tends to grow significantly and affect society and culture. The stability and success of the conspiracy narrative is ensured by the realization of the claim to «correct» understanding, which makes it quite convincing, and therefore in demand. Conspiracy theories, manifested in various ways of agent communication, range from simple conspiracy through complicity to structural prejudices and ideologies.

Problem setting. One of the modern forms of violence that requires careful analysis is hybrid war. The events of recent decades have shown that hybrid war is not only a scientific concept, but also a reality today. The phenomenon of hybrid war requires a comprehensive study from both theoretical and practical points of view. Recent research and publications analysis. The problem of hybrid wars is reflected in the scientific works of both foreign and domestic scientists. Among foreign scientists, research in this direction was carried out by R. Glenn, D. Lasik, M. McLuhan, F. Hoffman, who focused on determining the characteristics of hybrid wars in comparison with classical wars, analyzed the strategies and tactical algorithms for conducting such wars, andfocused on poly-straightness and multimodality of this type of violence. On the other hand, domestic scientists, in particular V. Kravchenko, focus on the fact that hybrid war is not an absolutely new phenomenon in world history and gives a number of examples of manifestations of «hybridity» in wars of the past. In turn, M. Senchenko, analyzing hybrid war as an integral phenomenon, defines its information component as the main one which the strategy of this type of war is built around. Paper objective. The purpose of this work is to define the essential characteristics of hybrid war as a new form of violence. Paper main body. The understanding of the essence and content of hybrid warfare in the scientific literature is presented by a number of points of view that complement the understanding of this complex and little-studied phenomenon. As you know, the concept of «hybrid war» was introduced into scientific circulation by the American scientist M. McLuhan. Domestic scientists generally understand hybrid war as military actions that are carried out by combining militaristic, quasi-militaristic, diplomatic, informational, economic and other means in order to achieve strategic political goals. The specificity of this combination lies in the fact that each of the military and non-military methods of conducting a hybrid conflict is used for military purposes and is used as a weapon. The researchers note that hybrid warfare is not a fundamentally new type of violence, and its elements have been used by opponents in wars throughout the entire existence of mankind. «Hybridity» in this sense is understood as the complex application of various means and strategies of warfare - from information-psychological to purely military ones. Conclusions of the research. Thus, hybrid war as a modern form of violence is aimed primarily not at the seizure of territories, but at mastering the public consciousness of the target country and at dominating its information and cultural field. The victory on the «information and cultural front» provides further economic and political dividends for the initiator of the hybrid war.

Problem setting. Modern global challenges have significantly changed the landscape of higher education and intensified the process of its internationalization, the consideration of which has become one of the most discussed scientific problems in the field of higher education. Socio-philosophical understanding of the internationalization of higher education allows us to present it not only as an effective toolfor improving the competitiveness of universities, but also as a basis for their social responsibility, a significant factor in improving the quality of higher education. This is extremely relevant to the study of the process of internationalization of higher education in a globalized world. Recent research and publications analysis. The study of the problems of internatio­nalization of higher education belongs to the sphere of scientific interests of both Ukrainian andforeign scientists. Among modern domestic researchers who deal with theoretical and methodological issues of internationalization of higher education and analysis of the peculiarities of internationalization of higher education in Ukraine in the context of global challenges should be noted such scientists as Boychenko M., Verbytska A., Voronkova V., Gorbunova L., Debych M. , Zinchenko V., Kiykov A., Krasovska O., Kurbatov S., Mishchenko M., Nitenko O., Sbrueva A., Sikorska I., Stepanenko I., Terepyshchy S., Shipko O. and others. Significant contribution to the theoretical development of ideas for the internationalization of higher education in the context of globalization has also made foreign scientists - Altbach F., Bergmann H., Branderburg W., Brooks R., Wang M., H. de Wit., Geissler M., Knight J. , Robertson S., Scott P., Hudzik J., Hundt S. et al. Despite the fact that the scientific literature has widely reflected the understanding of various problems of internationalization of higher education, still remain debatable a number of issues that need to be constantly considered. Paper objective. The aim of the article is to study the essence of the concept of internationalization of higher education in modern socio-philosophical discourse; consideration of methodological approaches to the analysis of internationalization of higher education; identifying the prerequisites for the development of internationalization of education in a globalized world; disclosure of the national strategy for the internationalization of higher education in Ukraine. Paper main body. The development of modern higher education takes place in the context of global challenges, among which the most important, as stated in the founding document of UNESCO «Higher Education in a Globalized Society», are: the growing importance of the knowledge society / knowledge economy; development of new trade agreements, which include, inter alia, trade in educational services; innovations in the field of information and communication technologies; the growing role of the market and market economy. To date, according to many scholars, the most comprehensive and scientifically sound of the existing definitions of the internationalization of higher education is the definition given by H. de Wit and F. Hunter. According to them, the internationalization of higher education is a deliberate process of integrating the international, intercultural or global dimension into the purpose, functions and methods of higher education in order to improve the quality of education and research for all students and staff and make a significant contribution to society. Experience shows that in the field ofinternationalization of higher education there are two institutional models: traditional and complex. The first model includes components such as academic mobility; internationalization of the curriculum; international cooperation in the field of scientific research; partnerships with foreign higher education institutions. The comprehensive model of internationalization of higher education includes academic mobility; internationalization of the curriculum; international cooperation in the field of scientific research; partnerships with foreign higher education institutions; international educational programs of joint / double / multilateral diplomas; branches abroad; online / electronic training courses. Currently, the main ideas of the strategy of internationalization of the market of educational services in Ukraine are: 1. strengthening international competitiveness in higher education and research; 2. active participation of Ukraine in the development of European higher education; 3. expanding the opportunities of Ukrainian higher education institutions to enter the European educational market; 4. positioning Ukraine as a leader in the international market of educational services; 5. expanding opportunities for improving the system of higher education and research infrastructure of universities; 6. development ofcross-border higher education. Conclusions of the research. For leading Ukrainian universities seeking to become competitive members of the global education market, internationalization has already become an imperative and has become one of the most important tools for innovative development of higher education in Ukraine, its successful integration into the European and global educational space.

Problem setting. Nowadays, social networks have become an integral part of communication processes in society. The influence of social networks on the socio-cultural development of Ukraine has both positive and negative manifestations, since both values and antivalues are spread in these communication systems, there are subjects who are guided by the norms of morality and law, and those who neglect them, direct their efforts to the harmonization of a certain sphere of public life, or vice versa, produces xenophobic sentiments, inciting enmity in the domestic society at the cultural, national, religious and other levels. Recent research and publications analysis. Significant numbers of scientific works are aimed at elucidating the signs and criteria of deviating as a social phenomenon. According to A. Demkiv, those values, the worldview and behavior that deviate from the organizational culture that exist in a certain social community are considered deviant. In the context of this research, it is important to note A. Khlebnikova’s reflections on the recognition and determination of the axiological status of the social network in modern society and the scientific work of P. Kravchenko, which proves that religion, morality, values, language, traditions contribute to the internal consolidation of local social groups, and in this process, social networks perform a leading role. Researchers A. Onishchenko, V. Gorovoy, V. Popik and others devoted their scientific research to uncovering the negative impact of social networks on the development of the Ukrainian state and its socio-cultural and informational spheres. Paper objective. This research involves the disclosure of the negative impact of value deviations of social network subjects on the domestic socio-cultural area, information and spiritual security of Ukraine. Paper main body. The wide range of values presented in social networks has a consolidating, humanistic nature - they are reproduced by scientific and creative communities, spiritual and cultural associations, volunteer and human rights organizations, and so on. In turn, anti-values are presented in the content of extremist organizations, xenophobic associations of various orientations, which creates an ideological basis for the emergence of social conflicts, disintegration processes, and civil confrontation. Thus, social networks have become an influential actor in the development of the socio-cultural, spiritual, value, information space of our country. Considering Ukrainian society as a holistic formation, it is worth noting that value deviations are those ideas about the ways of being and about spiritual life that do not correspond to the humanistic and national guidelines for the democratic development of Ukrainian society. In the context of the research, worldview guidelines that contradict moral attitudes, existing legal norms, accepted traditions of the domestic society, etc. can be considered as value deviations in social networks. Freedom in social networks has a dual manifestation: on the one hand, it is free opportunities for self-realization of individuals and diverse perspectives for the development of the country’s socio-cultural space, and on the other hand, freedom in social networks creates conditions for the popularization of antihuman attitudes, pseudo-values, xenophobic ideologies and worldview systems. Conclusions of the research. The value deviations of social network subjects are a logical continuation of the deformations of the moral, political, legal, spiritual and other humanistic direction attitudes that are widespread in Ukrainian society. Undoubtedly, the influence of value deviations on domestic socio-cultural development is destructive and it can manifest itself in illegal, immoral, aggressive models of behavior.