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This collection, the last of four volumes on the history of compulsory education among the nations of Europe and the western hemisphere, analyzes statistics, methodology, reforms, and new tendencies. Twelve of the document's 18 articles are written in English, 3 are written in French and 3 are in Italian. Summaries accompany most articles; three of the foreign language articles have English summaries. Bibliographies are included with many selections. Titles and authors are as follows: "From the Methodology of Pedagogical Study of Obligatory Education" (Wlodzimierz Goriszowski); "Les Peres de l'Ecole Obligatoire Pris au Piege de la Statistique Scolaire (1876-1906)" (Jean-Noel Luc); "Primary Compulsory School at Viareggio (1860-1900)" (Luciana Bettalla and Fanny Coli); "School Attendance in The Netherlands" (Th. F. M. Boekholt); "L'Offre d'Ecole Avant l'Obligation Scolaire: L'Enseignement des Premieres Enquetes Bataves (1799-1811)" (Willem Frijhoff); "A Danish Reform Concerning the First Years of School" (Hans Vejleskov); "The Vanloese Experiment: New Education in Compulsory Education in Denmark in the Twenties" (Ellen Norgaard); "Historical Development of Compulsory Education in Socialist Countries (1917-present time)" (Gottfried Uhlig); "Parents and Compulsory Education Laws in England & Wales (1880-1980)" (Geoffrey Stevenson); "Prospettive dell'Istruzione Obbligatoria in Italia" (Luigi Ambrosoli); "La Continuite Scolaire et 'l'Ecole de Base' en Italie: Aspects Historiques et Perspectives" (Giovanni Genovesi); "Formazione Generale, Orientamento per gli Studi e/o per la Professione nell'Elevazione dell'Obbligo Scholastico al 16 Anni: La Questione Italiana, Oggi" (Vittorio Telmon); "From Optional to Compulsory: The Introduction, Development and Extension of 'English' in Norwegian Compulsory Education" (B. Brandtzaeg Gundem); "Reforms and New Tendencies: Norwegian Compulsory Education (Olav Sunnana); "Compulsory Education in the Canary Islands" (Pedro Sosa Also); "Compulsory Education in the United States: Its development and Some Recent Considerations" (Erwin v. Johanningmeier); "La 'Compulsory Education' nel Contesto Sovietico" (Giorgio Vuoso); and "A New Look at the Act of Teaching FL Reading" (Yvonne Poser and Gunter G. Pfister). (CJH)

This first of four volumes on the history of compulsory education among the nations of Europe and the Western hemisphere deals with historical antecedents and early development. Of the 29 total articles, 18 are in English and 2 have English summaries. Many selections include bibliographies. Titles and authors are as follows: "The Political Institutionalization of Compulsory Education" (Francisco O. Ramirez and John Boli); "L'Obbligo Scolastico e la Scuola di Base Nello Scritto d'un Pedagogista Cileno" (Alessandro Leonarduzzi); "Beginnings of Compulsory Education in the Republic of Columbia" (O. Negrin Fajardo and D. Soto Arango); "L'Obligation Educative en France des Origines a Nos Jours" (Paul Gerbod); "L'Introduction de l'Obligation Scolaire dans l'Allemagne Protestante du XVIe au XVIIIe Siecle" (Jean-Luc Le Cam); "Karl August Zeller (1774-1846). Aide-Camps pour la Prusse, Pays en Voie de Developpement en Matiere d'Education Nationale, dans le Contexte du Decalage Sud-Nord des Pays Germanophones" (Rudolf Koschnitzke); "The Historical Development of Compulsory Schooling in Germany" (Gabriele Weigand); "The History of Compulsory Education in Germany" (Karl-Heinz Guenther and Gert Geissler); "The Advent of Universal Compulsory Elementary Education in England and Wales" (D. K. Jones); "Gradual Regulation of Schooling Age and School Attendance in Hungary since 1777 up to Now" (Otto Vag); "The Debate about the Introduction of Compulsory Elementary Education of 1848 in Hungary" (Sandor Komlosi); "Compulsory Education in the Twenty Years after Italian Unification (1860-1880)" (Enzo Catarsi); "Chiesa e Obbligo Scolastico Nell'Italia Post-Unitaria (1860-1900)" (Carmela Covato); "Compulsory Education in The Netherlands" (J. F. A. Braster and N. L. Dodde); "School and Literacy. Introduction of the Elementary School in Norway in the 1730's and 1740's" (Knut Tveit); "The Idea of Unbroken Primary School in Norway" (Knut Jordheim); "L'Introduction de l'Obligation Scolaire dans la Pologne, la Prusse et l'Autriche" (Marianna Krupa); "Legal Foundation and Accomplishment of Compulsory Education in Poland in 1918-1939" (Jozef Zerko and Romuald Grzybowski); "L'Introduction et la Prolongation de la Scolarite Obligatoire au Portugal" (Joaquim Ferreira Gomes); "L'Enseignement Obligatoire dans les Constitutions Espagnoles due XIXe Siecle" (Federico Gomez Rodriguez de Castro); "Le Chemin Vers l'Enseignement Obligatoire en Espagne Avant 1857" (Anastasio Martinez Navarro); "Apport des Municipalites Constitutionnelles a l'Introduction de l'Enseignement Obligatoire en Espagne" (Julio Ruiz Berrio); "Compulsory Education in the Swiss Canton of Zurich from 1798 to 1859" (Fritz-Peter Hager); "La Reproclamation de l'Instruction Obligatoire, a Geneve, au XIXe Siecle: Du Refus de 1842 a l'Acceptation de 1872" (Charles Magnin); "Towards Compulsory Education: The School Revival Movement in the United States" (Jurgen Herbst); "The Roots of Compulsory Education in America" (L. Glenn Smith); "Compulsory Education in Utopia: Owen and Neef" (Dieter Jedan); "Compulsory Education in the Waldorf Schools in America" (Joseph A. Baust); and "Compulsory Education in Chicago" (Joan K. Smith). (CJH)

This second of four volumes on the history of compulsory education among the nations of Europe and the western hemisphere covers schools, pupils, teachers, programs, and methods. Of the volume's 16 selections, 13 are written in English and 3 are written in Italian. Most selections contain summaries; summaries of the Italian articles are written in English. Bibliographies accompany most articles. Titles and authors are as follows: "Child Labour and Compulsory Education. Acceptance and Resistance of Belgian Working-Class Families (1880-1920)" (Bie De Graeve); "The Belgian Primary School Teacher and Compulsory Education (1830-1914)" (Franky Simon); "A Major Educational Controversy in Finland: Are Six-Year Olds Ready for School?" (Mikko Ojala); "19th Century Ideas on Compulsory Education: Who Was Compelled?" (Patricia Smart); "Scuola dell'Obbligo e Nuova Alfabetizzazione: Parlare e Scrivere dalla Scuola Media Unificata (1962) agli Anni Ottanta" (Patrizia Mazzotta); "Normal and Non-Normal Children in the Light of Compulsory Education in The Netherlands, Circa 1850-Circa 1920" (Jeroen Dekker); "The Problem of Compulsory Schooling and Universal Elementary Education in the Kingdom of Poland in the Second Half of 19th Century and the Beginning of the 20th Century" (Julian Dybiec); "School Buildings, Programmes and Methods after the Introduction of Compulsory Education in Finland (1921-1939)" (Martii T. Kuikka); "Primary School Architecture and the Retreat from Open-Plan" (Peter Cunningham); "Compulsory Schooling and the Redefinition of English Education" (Roy Lowe);"The Effects of Compulsory Education on School Architecture" (Attila Horvath); "Rapporti tra Igiene e Scuola nella Seconda Meta dell''800 Inizi del '900. L'Igiene Pedagogica" (Maria Teresa Bassa Poropat and Diana De Rose); "L'Estensione dell'Obbligo Scholastico Fino a Quattordici Anni, in Italia, in Rapporto agli Effetti Sui Contenuti e Sui Metodi" (Franco Bochicchio); "Pedagogic Modeling and Criteria for the Construction of Public Schools in Spain at the Beginning of the Century" (Isidoro Gonzalez Gallego); "An Essay in Schooling of Illiterates in Spain (1963-1966)" (Jose Romero Delgado); and "Compulsory Education and Curriculum Expansion in the United States (1880-1940)" (William J. Reese and Ronald D. Cohen). (CJH)

This study investigates the relationship between School Library and Students’ achievement on a population sample of 9896 Schools. Many international researches confirmed the importance of the School Library for the Students learning. Recently the IEA PIRLS survey has revealed a positive relationship between the Reading comprehension performance and the size of the School Library collection. In this paper, we verify the relation between the results of INVALSI tests in Italian and Mathematics - on school grades 5,8,10 - with the presence and functioning of the School Library. The information on the School Library comes from the School Questionnaire compiled by the School Principal in the course of the Self-evaluation Report. The analysis confirm a positive relationship in each school grade and in both subjects of investigation.

The Statement of International Cataloguing Principles (2009, under revision) by IFLA declares to be "applicable to online catalog and beyond as its primary objective with respect to the text of 1961." In fifty years the technology changed so much in depth the bibliographic universe and the possible ways to describe it, it was necessary to update the founding principles of the catalog (not the catalog!). Similarly, it is assumed that the skills required to cataloguer has to be changed with respect to this despite the recent past. It is easy to think of how many new knowledge are essential today, such as software for cataloging. Instead, we can say that some first necessary skills now they are not more? We create granular data and related that they may be reused by Google: just about data or cataloging is also something else? The use of our data on the local and global at the same time also as formative consequences door cataloger? You can think of, so to speak, of the catalogs regardless of their reality, yesterday's paper and bits today? You can even talk about data regardless of how and where will they appear?

The paper briefly describes the context and the origin of the Open Access (OA) movement whose main goal is to maximise the dissemination and the impact of publicly funded scholarly research results published in peer reviewed journals and more recently of underlying data collected or generated during a research. It continues with a short analysis of OA main features and benefits for the various stakeholders (researchers, academic and research centres, research funders, publishers, librarians, SME) followed by a description of the main barriers and obstacles that delay the OA process. It concludes presenting the necessary actions to its full implementation.

Library catalogs automation and bibliographic data management in electronic format have almost half a century of life. In recent years the media through which the information is spread, the conceptual models that describe the bibliographic universe, the structures of the data, the cataloging rules that provide guidance and constraints on the content of the data have changed. Through a diachronic overview of the evolution of the tool we still call OPAC, the purpose of this paper is to outline the state of the art and the future of library catalogs, focussing in particular on opening the catalog and data which contains the semantic web environment.

The Department of Musicology houses a collection of nearly 1000 piano rolls. Most of them were produced by FIRST, the most important company of perforated rolls at the time, which had its headquarters in Cremona. This collection is one among the widest collections of FIRSTS's production concentrated today in a single institution. Together with the publishers' catalogs, this fund is an essential basis to reconstruct and appreciate the importance of the Cremonese company. To ensure its conservation a digitization project (in collaboration with AMMI) has been planned, as well as a cataloging action. The cataloging of the piano rolls requires a preliminary study on descriptive criteria. The aim is to examine themorphological peculiarities of the carriers for the mechanical music and to establish a correct and complete description within the cataloging current rules. In fact, they do not explicitly cover this type of material: it is therefore necessary to propose appropriate amendments to them.

E-books are slowly appearing on the scene of the Italian academic libraries because the format of the book is not perceived by users in the same way as journal articles, and commercial offer is still inadequate.

Copyright of Convegni Nazionali IGF: Acta Fracturae is the property of Gruppo Italiano Frattura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Convegni Nazionali IGF: Acta Fracturae is the property of Gruppo Italiano Frattura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Proceedings of the Design Society is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

These slides have been presented at the Stelline 2013 National Congress. In this work is analysed the relationship between science and society, and how the role of the academic library acts inside new balance environment changed by new technologies. The first point treated is the market of economy of knowledge focused on the value of the information chain in scholarship communication which can not be merely an "economic" value. Then we arrive to the role of the academic library in penetrating the society ... passing through the reflection of business models, not so much what are existing today, but what is meant by business model ...towards distribution model. Open Access is perceived as social pervasiveness tool. On the basis of the old paper (published 15 years ago) by the Dutch Roosendaal and Guerts focused on the forces and functions of scientific information we reflect and compare on the light of their recent work (written after 15 years) the new strategical positioning of scientific research towards social environment. In this dimension we detected 4 possible ways to act as researchers in the social environment. Because as a result of the platforms and social networks 2.0, research and society meet emerging new ways of communicating science and new ways to incorporate scientific results within the social environment. The researchers, in other words, leave the Ivory Tower and placed in a new way in order to build a real scientific citizenship (mode3 research entrepreneuse). The libraries in this dimension are placed in constant equilibrium with new professions emerging, and some of which are the legacy of a tradition passed, but some are new activities and also strategically positioned relative to the ecosystem.

This paper, written for the Biblioteca di Scienze sociali dell’Università di Firenze (Library of Social Sciences, University of Florence), proposes the verbal description of the Dewey Decimal Classification classmarks by using the indexing language drawn up by GRIS, Gruppo di ricerca sull’indicizzazione per soggetto (Research Group on Subject Indexing). In the subject strings that are descriptions of the Dewey notations, the indexing terms should be controlled by the same thesaurus used for subject indexing, to establish a common language for all the semantic indexes of the catalogue. This proposal was presented during the meeting L’indicizzazione semantica nei cataloghi italiani (Semantic indexing in Italian catalogues), at the Biblioteca nazionale centrale di Firenze (Central National Library of Florence), on 13 September 2004.

Copyright of Convegni Nazionali IGF: Acta Fracturae is the property of Gruppo Italiano Frattura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Convegni Nazionali IGF: Acta Fracturae is the property of Gruppo Italiano Frattura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Extract from speech at the conference "Convegno delle Stelline" «La biblioteca che cresce», in the Section "Collections building" (Milano, Palazzo delle Stelline, 14-15 marzo 2019). https://www.editricebibliografica.it/scheda-ebook/aa-vv/la-biblioteca-che-cresce-9788893570763-579263.html In the complex and "fragmented" information ecosystem, which also includes the world of academic publishing, are emerging controversially and illegally "shadow" channels, defined as Shadow Libraries, "duplicate or substitute copies" and "counterparts" of the official ones, with the "pirate libraries" Library Genesis (LibGen) for e-books and "Scientific Hub" (Sci-Hub) for articles in academic periodicals. For full version of this presentation or for full text published, please send email: f.giuseppe.meliti@gmail.com

This article points out the difficulty of finding computer assisted language learning (CALL) software that is both appropriate for teachers' pedagogical needs and user friendly. Authoring programs offer simplicity but little flexibility. Innovative software requires the use of authentic programming languages or more sophisticated software. The ideal place to create programs is a university language center. Two examples in which such centers played a fundamental role are presented. The first is a "musical dictation," which develops and tests listening comprehension, phonetic-phonological discrimination, and spelling. The student listens to the Italian song "Belli Capelli" and completes the text that appears on the computer screen with missing words. The program then analyzes the student's responses. The second example is CALIS (Computer Assisted Language Instruction System). A fundamental characteristic of CALIS is the various categories of windows available to the author and to the student (question, text, and tutorial windows). The second important characteristic is the organization of the program in tasks. The student must give a correct answer before proceeding to the next task. The program allows the insertion of sound tracks and films in the tasks. Although this program has tremendous flexibility, it is not particularly user friendly for the author-teacher. Contains 18 references. (CFM)

The Coming AUTH project is about the enrichment and deduplication of authority data in SBN catalogue; the project will have both a professional procedure and a social one. Thanks to the cooperation between ICCU and AIB Lazio, the first one involves young professionals, and the choice of the data to be enriched will be decided later on. The second one will take advantage of services like Wikimedia Mix’n’match, and will be open to everyone; anyone could register and then try to match the names of different entities.In doing so, we will be able not only to clean and enrich the authority data, but also to improve the visibility of the SBN catalogue and the participation of users to its improvement.