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The coefficient of safety is an important index for the evaluation of slope stability. The safety coefficients calculated based on different instability criteria are significantly different, and the variability of the results will directly affect the evaluation of the stability state of slopes. In this paper, taking the step-type excavated slope of the Wanhuashan Trench Construction Project as the object, FLAC3D finite difference software was used to calculate the safety coefficient of loess slopes based on three different types of instability criteria, namely the calculation non-convergence criterion, the plastic penetration criterion and the displacement abruptness criterion, and to compare and analyze the differences, advantages and disadvantages of the evaluation results of the three criteria. The results of the study shows that there is a certain difference in the magnitude of safety coefficients obtained by using different instability criteria, with the order of magnitude being displacement abrupt change criterion > computational non-convergence criterion > plastic penetration criterion. The computational non-convergence criterion is easy to use and fast to solve, but does not show the change in the plastic zone of the slope during the discounting process. The plastic penetration criterion is not suitable as a criterion for slope instability on its own, but needs to be combined with the unbalanced force rate to be assessed, but it can show the area of shear damage and stretching of the slope. The sudden change of displacement criterion is tedious to solve, but the solution process truly reflects the critical damage state due to the change of slope displacement. For practical conditions such as loess slopes, it is recommended to use the fast computational non-convergence criterion to evaluate the slope stability in combination with the plastic zone penetration and the slope displacement change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strengthening of arch dam foundation is an important engineering measure to ensure the stability of dam abutment and the safety of arch dams. This paper took the reinforcement measures for the foundation of Dongzhuang arch dam as the research object, systematically simulated the discontinuity layer, mud fissures, wide joints and corresponding reinforcement measures of the dam abutment rock mass. The finite element analysis was conducted on the reinforcement effect of the dam foundation using elastic-plastic constitutive law. The calculation results indicate that the foundation reinforcement measures have little effect on the maximum displacement and stress of the dam body, but to some extent, they reduce the yield zone of the dam body and the foundation surface, improving the stress on the dam body. Through overload calculation and analysis, it is found that the foundation reinforcement measures have little effect on the plastic zone of the arch dam body, but the yield zone of the foundation surface is significantly reduced after the foundation reinforcement. The foundation reinforcement measures have a relatively smaller impact on the yield zone volume of fault f5 and muddy fissure Rnj3, but a significant impact on the yield zone volume of large fissure L22. In summary, the foundation reinforcement measures taken for Dongzhuang arch dam have improved the stress on the dam body and foundation, and improved the stability of the dam foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on J. Boussinesq's analytical formula of stress component at any point in the elastic half space under load, the spatial stress state of soil at any point was obtained and it was introduced into the settlement calculation model. A method of introducing confining pressure into the settlement calculation of remolded loess was proposed. The influence of three parameters including deviatoric stress, moisture content and confining pressure to the strain development of remolded loess was analyzed by stress loading triaxial test. The strain law of remolded loess under different parameters was obtained, and the settlement calculation formula of remolded loess strain affected by multiple parameters was put forward. Finally, the reliability of the formula was verified by engineering examples. The results show that the deviatoric stress, moisture content and confining pressure have a significant effect on the strain of remolded loess. The deviatoric stress and moisture content are positively correlated with the compressive deformation of remolded loess, while the confining pressure is negatively correlated with the compressive deformation of remolded loess. The empirical formula of remolded loess strain fitted by three parameters is effective. Through the engineering case verification of Shanxi Lyuliang Airport, the model settlement calculation results are basically consistent with the actual settlement monitoring results, indicating that the model in this paper can be more reasonably and conveniently applied to the settlement calculation and analysis of the remolded loess engineering site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the concept of ecological civilization building, how to realize the coordinated development of resources environment carrying capacity and economic development level in ecologically vulnerable regions have become one of the urgent issues to be solved in our country. This paper took 21 prefecture-level cities in the backward U-shape bend urban circle of the Yellow River, a typical ecologically fragile area as an example. Based on the resources environment and economic development data in 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020, the entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to analyze the resources environment, and introduced the coupling coordination model to reveal the coupling coordination relationship and its spatial-temporal evolution patterns between resources environment carrying capacity and economic development level. The results show that the resources environment carrying capacity of the urban agglomeration of that area has a fluctuating upward trend with significant regional differences. The degree of coupling and coordination between resources environment carrying capacity and economic development level gradually tends to a higher degree of coupling as a whole. Through Moran index analysis, it is found that the resources environment carrying capacity and economic development level in the urban agglomeration of the backward U-shape bend of the Yellow River show a significant positive spatial correlation in terms of coupled coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of agricultural water use, the negative benefits of water supply, water consumption, drainage and pollution collection will cause certain losses to the ecological economic system of agricultural water resources and then affect the sustainability of the system. Based on the negative benefits of the output of each link in the process of agricultural water consumption, this paper built an evaluation index system of loss degree of agricultural water resources eco-economic system. The economic loss rate, social instability rate and ecological load rate were used as indicators and the system loss rate was used as a comprehensive indicator. The energy method and AHP analytic hierarchy process were used to quantify the loss status and development trend of agricultural eco-economic system in Zhengzhou City from 2012 to 2017. The results show that during the study period, the economic loss rate of the agricultural eco-economic system in Zhengzhou is maintained at about 0.25% in 2012 to 2016, rising to 0.29% in 2017. The social instability rate is decreased from 21.46% in 2012 to 7.04% in 2017. The ecological load rate is basically stable at 11.7%, rising to 13.7% in 2017. The system loss is mainly affected by social instability rate and ecological load rate. The loss degree of the system as a whole shows a downward trend, from mild unsustainable to critical unsustainable and gradually tends to a benign development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basin ecological compensation can effectively solve the externality issues generated in the process of resources development and utilization, and it is of great significance in promoting the coordinated development of economy-society-ecology in the basin. Based on the evolutionary game theory, this paper analyzed the tripartite dynamic evolution scenarios of the higher government and the upper and lower local governments. Taking the Bosten Lake basin in Xinjiang as the research object, it set up a basin ecological compensation mechanism. The results indicate that only when the fines imposed by the higher government on the defaulting party are higher than the ecological protection costs and compensation fees in the upstream and downstream of the basin, the upstream and downstream can reach a stable equilibrium state of "protection" and "compensation" strategies. Based on the evolution results, the ecological compensation and ecological protection cost of Bosten Lake are 2.64×107 and 2.20×107 Yuan/year. Adopting the "compensation method for key pollution factors exceeding the standard" to determine penalty standards. The penalty standards based on exceeding the standard for CODM, NH3-N and TP pollutants are 1 312.51, 9 181.56 and 13 115.08 Yuan/t respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to effectively manage the groundwater, this paper provided a method of choosing the monitoring wells and determining controlled and assessed water level in over-exploitation areas from the perspective of regional and depression cone areas control. For the whole over-exploitation areas, Thiessen polygon method was used to assign control areas to each observation well, and the ratio of the control area of each well to the total area of the region was used as a weight to calculate the weighted average water level of the areas. Then, according to the proximity to the average water level, one regional water level of the controlled well was selected, regarding the water level of the controlled well at the end of the most recent normal year as the controlled and assessed water level. However, if the assessed year was a dry year, assessed water level should set slackness. For groundwater depression cone areas, it used the water level contour map to judge the distribution of the depression cone, and then chose a controlled well which was located near the center of the cone. Then, it similarly regarded the water level of the controlled well at the end of the most recent normal year as controlled and assessed water level. Applying this method to Guantao County, Hebei Province, the monitoring wells of W16 and W17 were selected as regional and depression cone areas of the controlled wells respectively. When the government had not formulated a plan for the water level recovery, the regional controlled water level was determined as 17.13 m. When the government had formulated a plan for the water level recovery (for example, the water level was recovered by 0.5 m within 5 years), the regional controlled water level was needed to increase by 0.1 m every year on the basis of 17.13 m. The assessed water level was equal to the controlled water level in wet and normal years, but the assessed water level in dry years was equal to the controlled water level minus 0.93 m (slackness). The controlled and assessed water levels in the depression cone areas were all determined to be 12.19 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide reference for the institutional construction of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, from a methodological perspective, this paper analyzed the new institutional construction needs for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, and the contradiction of the overall requirements of basin governance between fragmented management in reality. On the premise of adhering to ecological priority and green development, and implementing tailored and classified policies, the above issues could be solved by finding the smallest tool unit that covered both ecological protection and high-quality development. Green credit is the minimum common multiple between ecological protection and high-quality development. Establishing a green credit system through laws, regulations and policy regulations is a necessary foundation and logical starting point for basin collaborative governance. Yellow River Conservancy Commission and the nine provinces (regions) in the Yellow River Basin can, in accordance with higher-level laws and relevant policies such as the Yellow River Protection Law, promptly introduce operational norms applicable to the basin and region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the advantages of water saving, high efficiency and low cost, the self-suction dredging pipeline has gradually become one of the main measures for reservoir dredging projects. However, when the soil particles are fine and the silt has been deposited for a long time, its dredging effect decreases obviously. In order to explore the mechanism of breaking soil and influencing factors of sediment incipience, model test method was adopted in this paper. A cohesive sediment sample was prepared by negative pressure consolidation, and then the vertical submerged jet experiment with different jet velocity, jet spray nozzle size and jet target distance was carried out. The experimental results show that the erosion breaking mechanism of the cohesive soil sample is quite different from that of the non-cohesive soil due to the existence of viscosity. The development process of the scour hole has certain randomness and self-similarity. The erosion efficiency of the jet flow is proportional to the jet velocity and the Jet spray nozzle size, and inversely proportional to the jet standoff distance. At the same time, the jet target distance has the most obvious influence to the shape of scour holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the fact that there are many majors in water conservancy and hydropower engineering, the difference of modeling tools will lead to the difficulty of data transfer and even data loss when professional collaboration or phased results are transferred. This paper innovatively proposed to extend the original IFC (Industry Foundation Class) data structure on demand, established the extended data structure method of digital twin water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and formed the extended IFC expression method of water conservancy and hydropower engineering for semantic expression, geometric expression and attribute set expression, so as to provide standardized storage space for the easily lost data in water conservancy and hydropower engineering. On this basis, based on Autodesk Revit software, with the help of Revit IFC Exporter open source toolkit, the extended IFC export function including geometric information and attribute information was developed, and the dam structure was extended and exported, which verified the operability of the extended data structure establishment method. Finally, through the data transfer case, it is proved that the method can effectively ensure that the engineering information is not lost during the transfer process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the incongruity issue（in the time dimension） of water supply and demand of Hongsibu water pumping system. Taking the water demand process line and the design flow line of pumping station as the comparison object, this paper analyzed the difference between the demand flow and the design flow of pumping station caused by factors such as the irrigation area, the proportion of efficient water-saving area and irrigation quota（fixed value） at different time periods in the pumping irrigation area, and built the optimization regulation model of water supply flow and irrigation demand flow of pumping station in the multi-stage pumping system of Hongshibu. Based on the water demand process line multi-stage pumping station water supply and demand optimization scheduling model, including flow balance model, water demand process line model and flow regulation model, the simulation analysis of four working conditions in Hongshibu irrigation area show that when the high-efficiency water-saving area accounts for 60%, as the irrigation area increases from 6.02×104 hm² to 6.77×104 hm², the regulated flow in the controlled irrigation area of Hongsan Pumping Station gradually increases, that is, the regulated storage capacity increases from 1.47 ×106 m³ to 8.49×106 m³, while the regulated storage scale of the other three pumping stations basically remains unchanged. When the high-efficiency water-saving area accounts for 80%, there is basically no need for regulation and storage at Hongyi Pumping Station and Hongsan Pumping Station, while the regulated flow at Hongsi Pumping Station and Hongwu Pumping Station maintains a constant value, and the regulation and storage scales are 3.08×106 m³ and 0.47 ×106 m³ respectively. The water supply and demand optimization scheduling model of multi-stage pumping station based on water demand process line is simple to build and apply. The model can better reflect the water distribution relationship between the construction of multi-stage pumping station and the branch lines of pumping station, and the adjustment period and allocation flow are flexible, which can be suitable for the water supply system of multi-stage pumping station with different storage demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide scientific and technological support for the implementation of major national strategies for ecological protection and high-quality development and rural revitalization in the Yellow River Basin, this paper systematically summarized the research results, key technologies and typical models of the coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy in the Yellow River Basin over the years, analyzed the current existing and outstanding issues, and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Over the years, various regions in the Yellow River Basin have explored a variety of coordinated development models of ecological governance and ecological economy for serious soil erosion. It includes the comprehensive ecological and economic management model with high adaptability of soil and water conservation-geomorphology-ecological economy, the ecological agriculture economic model of soil and water conservation, the integrated development model of soil and water conservation and ecological economy in wind-sand area, the coordinated development model of ecological management and derivative industries in Pisha sandstone area, the virtuous cycle model of rural energy ecology in semi-arid areas, and the governance model of ecological and economic belt of soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau. At present, the existing outstanding issues include the concept of coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy is weak, the synergy between the two is not high, the space for coupling and coordination is unbalanced, and the development model has a single structure and low scale efficiency. The suggestions: To innovate the theory and key technologies of coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy; To establish a diversified investment mechanism, create a new model of coordinated development of ecological governance and economy and its production and industrial system with the goal of high-quality development, and explore the promotion mechanism and model of “full trust and full chain”; To build an appropriate technical system, industrial system, management system and talent support system; To establish a pilot demonstration county for the coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy, lead and optimize the coordinated development of regional modern ecological governance and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the vertical pipe test data of riverbed sediment in the downstream section of the main stream of Hotan River, the paper carried out the application and evaluation of different vertical pipe test parameter calculation methods. The HTST01 test point was selected for vertical permeability test, and the HTST02 test point was selected for horizontal and vertical permeability tests, respectively. The rationality of the permeability coefficient value obtained by the traditional calculation method and the difference between its calculation results and the linear graphical method were analyzed. The results indicate that: the array of permeability coefficients obtained by traditional calculation methods approximately follows a non-standard normal distribution with certain skewness and kurtosis, all of which have moderate variability. The use of arithmetic mean values for parameter values has certain rationality and applicability. When using random calculation values, the error size of parameter values has contingency and uncertainty. The straight line graphical method can effectively avoid the generation of random errors, but the calculation results obtained by it differ from the arithmetic mean of traditional calculation methods to some extent. The average relative error value is 10.59%, and the maximum relative error value exceeds 27.00%. In the application process of vertical pipe tests, the influence of the rationality of parameter values obtained by calculation methods should not be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the sustainable utilization level of water resources in the nine provinces (autonomous regions) of the Yellow River Basin, improve the status of water resources and realize the sustainable utilization of regional water resources, this paper proposed a comprehensive evaluation index of sustainable utilization of water resources suitable for the nine provinces (autonomous regions) of the Yellow River Basin based on the water footprint model. Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the driving factors of sustainable water resources utilization in the nine provinces of the Yellow River Basin. The results show that the water resources footprint of the nine provinces (autonomous regions) in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2020 increases first and then decreases in a small amplitude, and the water environment footprint shows a decreasing trend, and the spatial distribution of water resources footprint and water environment footprint is very uneven. In the nine provinces (autonomous regions) of the Yellow River Basin, the level of sustainable utilization of water resources has increased to different degrees. The level of sustainable utilization of water resources in the upstream provinces (autonomous regions) is higher, while the level of sustainable utilization in the middle and downstream provinces (autonomous regions) is lower. The main driving factors of sustainable water resources use are population density, wastewater treatment rate and the proportion of secondary industry, followed by per capita water consumption and fertilizer application intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the particle size distribution of suspended load and bed material load in river channels helps to analyze the overall sedimentation situation of river sediment and provide feedback to guide the optimization of reservoir operation. In order to systematically grasp the distribution pattern of suspended load and bed material load particle size in the lower Yellow River, this paper collected and organized the water and sediment series data from 6 key sections such as Huayuankou in the lower Yellow River. Recursive feature elimination algorithm was used for variable selection, and a prediction model for sediment particle size in the lower Yellow River was built based on different machine learning algorithms. The results show that the variable selection algorithm can effectively extract the main influencing factors in the model, and when using machine learning models to predict the sediment particle size of different sections, the overall performance is good on the test set. The R² values of suspended load and bed material load particle size prediction under each section optimization model are between 0.64 and 0.89, and 0.37 and 0.72 respectively. At the same time, when using 2020 data to further verify the predictive effect of the model, the predicted and actual values of suspended load and bed material load particle sizes R² are also up to 0.609 7 and 0.445 6 respectively, which indicates that the built model can effectively achieve the prediction of sediment particle sizes in the lower Yellow River channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focused on analyzing the runoff characteristics of the Yellow River source area during the late-flood season, based on the data of Tangnaihe Station from 1956 to 2022 by using mathematical and statistical methods. Combined with the full-load power generation flow of Longyangxia Reservoir, the water storage capacity of Longyangxia Reservoir in the post-flood period was analyzed and discussed in different scenarios. The results show that a) the inter-annual variation of the late-flood runoff at Tangnaihai Station is significant, with uneven abundance and predominantly normal parity, accounting for 29.1% of the flood runoff. b) The average runoff volume above 1 000 m³/s during the late-flood season at the station is 896 million m³, with greater inter-annual variation. And applying with 1 000 m³/s power generation flow to meet the guarantee rate of Longyangxia Reservoir storage to the normal storage level is only 10%, and the water level at the end of the flood season cannot reach to the normal storage level of 2 600 m. Thus, it is suggested to adjust the time of entering the post-flood season according to the incoming water in the later period, optimize and adjust the annual operation scheme of Longyangxia Reservoir, and lay a foundation for efficient and reasonable utilization of the late-flood season water resources in the source area of the Yellow River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to utilize the joint operation of reservoir groups to maximize sediment discharge efficiency is a key technical challenge in water and sediment regulation. This paper selected the joint operation of Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs in the period of water and sediment regulation in 2023 as the object, analyzed the water and sediment processes of the two reservoirs under different matching opportunities and matching water levels, and quantified the water and sediment regulation effect under different matching opportunities and matching water levels between the two reservoirs. Although the Sanmenxia Reservoir has a smaller water storage capacity and limited water transfer capacity, by changing the discharge time of the reservoir, the scouring effect of Xiaolangdi Reservoir is quite different. As the matching water level decreases, the amount of erosion in the reservoir area gradually increases. With the delay of the relative discharge time of Sanmenxia Reservoir, the erosion amount in the reservoir area shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the dynamic evolution and regional differences of quaternity cooperation of water resources-ecology-city-industry in the Yellow River Basin, the paper adopted the synergy model, kernel density estimation, Dagum gini coefficient and its decomposition to estimate it based on the data of 76 major prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2016 to 2020. The results show that the number of cities in primary, intermediate and good coordination is 30, 33 and 13 respectively. The level of synergy among cities is on the rise, but the absolute difference between cities is expanding and the relative difference is narrowing. except for Hu-Bao-E-Yu urban agglomeration, the absolute difference of the coordination degree of the other six urban agglomerations all shows an expanding trend. The internal differences between the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River show a downward trend, while the internal differences in the middle reaches show an upward trend. The difference between the upper and middle reaches is the largest, and it shows a further expansion trend, and the difference between the upper and lower reaches is gradually narrowing. The difference in Hu-Bao-E-Yu urban agglomeration is the smallest and the difference in Guanzhong urban agglomeration is the largest. The difference between Guanzhong urban agglomeration and Shandong peninsula urban agglomeration is the smallest, and the difference between Jinzhong urban agglomeration and Shandong peninsula urban agglomeration is the largest. In the future, we should further strengthen factor coordination and regional coordination, give play to the dynamic comparative advantages of various regions, and promote the in-depth implementation of ecological protection and high-quality development strategies according to local conditions in the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to expedite the transition of the Yellow River Simulator into the operational phase and quickly make use of its positive role in the difficulties of water resources shortage, economic imbalance and ecological fragility in the Yellow River Basin, an intelligent calculation method system for the Yellow River Simulator had been thoroughly sorted out and implemented. Drawing upon the concept of intelligent computing, the vital importance of the Yellow River Simulator’s intelligent computing was articulated from the perspectives of data storage and preprocessing, simulation computing power, and swift responsiveness, as well as its significance in ecological conservation and management, efficient water resources utilization and disaster evaluation and mitigation. Based on the architectural framework of the Yellow River Simulator, four branches of intelligent computing methods, namely biomimetic intelligent computing, machine learning, fuzzy computing and intelligent computation were summarized in detail. Envisioning the transformative potential of intelligent computation methodologies for the Yellow River Simulator, this paper explored its huge application prospects in development planning, disaster management and resources allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xinjiang, located in the arid region of the northwest, is an important agricultural province and water resources are an important guarantee and a necessary condition for the development of local agriculture. Taking Shache irrigation area of Xinjiang as an example, this paper discussed the possibility of promoting the sustainable development of agricultural economy in the irrigation area by optimizing the crop planting structure and rationally using water resources according to the “14th Five-Year Plan” for Kashgar region and the outline planning document for the long-term goals in 2035. Specifically, from the three perspectives of agricultural ecological benefits, economic benefits and irrigation water consumption, the multi-objective comprehensive optimization model was built in this research to adjust and analyze the crop planting structure in Shache irrigation area. The results show that a) the optimization of crop planting structure in the current year can increase carbon sequestration by 0.8 t, economic benefits by 584 538 800 Yuan and save 1 110 200 m³ of total agricultural irrigation water. b) After the multi-objective planning of the crop planting area in 2025 and 2035, the ecological and economic benefits will be greatly improved, the water saving effect will be remarkable and the purpose of adjusting the crop planting structure will be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between water resources utilization and urban development in urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin is the key to the high-quality development of urban agglomerations in the basin. There is an urgent need to explore the coupling and coordination relationship between the two under the sustainable development goals, and provide new ideas for exploring the collaborative mechanism of ecological protection and high-quality development of urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin. Taking 72 cities and five urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin as examples, this paper established an analysis framework for the coupling of water footprint and city development index in 2010-2019 according to the sustainable development goal proposed by the United Nations and the difference of water resources utilization. The Theil variation index method was used to evaluate the spatial differences in coupling coordination results. The results show that the water footprint is decreasing year by year and the city development index is increasing year by year. The coupling relationship between water footprint and city development index is in an unstable state of “rising-falling-rising”. The difference in the level of urban water resources utilization within the urban agglomeration is the main reason for the difference in the level of development, and there are significant differences in the coordination relationship between water resources utilization and urban development in different urban agglomeration development stages. It suggested to build a trans-regional water resources co-governance system, give full play to the regulatory role of public water resources policies in urban agglomerations, and systematically plan the safety pattern of aquatic environment protection and water resources development and utilization among urban agglomerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are great distances between the embankments from Baihezhen to Taochengpu in the Yellow River where historically erosion and deposition of the channel had been changed rapidly and the river is in the wandering and varying regime. After years of improvement, the river regime has been basically controlled on the whole and the channel has gradually become stabilized. Under these conditions, in order to promote the ecological protection of the Yellow River and the development of floodplain areas, upgrade the level of river management, the river was simply divided into channel and floodplain. This paper proposed the concept of channel alignment for the first time, provided the definition and the principle of alignment setting, emphasized that establishing the channel alignment should take the safety of flood control as the premise, explained setting methods and on-site marking methods and also analyzed the functions of channel alignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing carbon productivity is an effective means to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality. To coordinate the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions reduction in the Yellow River Basin, the carbon productivity of 9 provinces（regions） in the Yellow River Basin from 2007 to 2017 is calculated. Based on DEA-Malmquist’s total factor carbon productivity model, the spatiotemporal evolution trajectory and spatial distribution pattern of total factor carbon productivity of 9 provinces（regions） is deduced. The potential improvement space of total factor carbon productivity is scientifically decomposed and the influencing factors of the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon productivity is identified. Based on this, the improvement path of carbon productivity in the Yellow River Basin is condensed. The results show that, 1) in the time dimension, the carbon productivity of 9 provinces（regions） rise steadily with the growth of per capita GDP,an increase of 283.3%, while the total factor carbon productivity remains at around 1.000. 2) In the spatial dimension, the regional heterogeneity of carbon productivity and total factor carbon productivity is relatively large affected by economic development and resource endowments, showing a spatial evolution pattern of “downstream significantly higher than midstream, and midstream slightly higher than upstream”. 3) From the point of influencing factors, the midstream and upstream belong to technical efficiency-driven, the role of technological progress is weak, while the downstream is a co-promotion type of technological progress and technological efficiency. Based on this, this paper proposes strategic suggestions such as innovating institutional mechanisms, promoting low-carbon development models, focusing on lowcarbon technology innovation, accelerating energy structure adjustment, strengthening regional integration cooperation, and improving factor allocation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify the current situation of digital economy and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin, explore the coupling coordination and interaction between these two aspects and provide a reference for implementing ecological protection and high-quality development strategies in the Yellow River Basin, the interactive mechanism between digital economy and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin was analyzed theoretically. Based on the panel data 2011 to 2020, a total of 64 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin were selected. This paper measured the development level of the digital economy and high-quality development level, empirically examined the coupling coordination relationship between these two dimensions by using coupling coordination degree model and explored the interactive relationship between the two through a PVAR model. The results of the study show that a) the development level of the digital economy in the Yellow River Basin has shown improvement during the research period, however, it remains generally lower with significant regional differences, which forms a circle distribution pattern with Jinan, Zhengzhou, Xi’an, Taiyuan and Hohhot as the core cities, and has the spatial distribution characteristics of high in the east and low in the west. b) The imbalance of high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin is prominent, characterized by the polarization and a distinct circle structure. This has resulted in the formation of a high-value area with Jinan, Zhengzhou, Taiyuan, Xi’an, Lanzhou and other provincial capitals as the core cities. c) The coupling coordination degree between the digital economy and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin has been increasing annually, but the overall coordination level remains insufficient. The current implementation only achieves the transition from the mild imbalance to near imbalance levels, and the coordination degree also illustrates a pattern of lower reaches＞middle reaches＞upper reaches. d) Both the digital economy and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin are characterized by self-reliance. High-quality development plays a significant role in promoting the digital economy, while the role of the digital economy in enhancing high-quality development needs to be reinforced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xiaolangdi Reservoir is the key project of flood control and security in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and the sediment retention period of the reservoir is the most significant period for flood control and sediment reduction benefits. This paper analyzed the new requirements for flood control and security of Xiaolangdi Reservoir under the new situation of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and pointed out that it was of great strategic significance to extend the sediment retention period of Xiaolangdi Reservoir as much as possible, so as to maintain the effective storage capacity of the reservoir as long as possible, especially the flood control storage capacity. The research shows that the larger reservoir capacity has a strong ability to deal with large floods, which is conducive to the prevention of “black swan” events; after the flood control operation of the reservoir, the loss of the beach storage capacity is small, which is conducive to the long-term maintenance of the reservoir’s strong flood control capacity; the combination of sediment storage capacity and water and sediment regulation capacity can significantly enhance the vitality of water and sediment regulation, and create storage conditions for the Guxian Reservoir to exert the overall joint force of the water and sediment regulation system after putting into operation; the use of the sediment storage capacity for flood control in the downstream beach area is conducive to improving the flood control standard of the beach area and reducing the loss of the beach area in the normal flooding. Optimizing the operation mode of reservoir operation, implementing reservoir dredging and building Guxian Water Control Project as soon as possible are important measures to extend the sediment retention period of Xiaolangdi Reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“River chief system” management information system is a necessary bridge to realize the transition of “river chief” system from the stage of comprehensive establishment to the stage of full effect. This paper studied the design and application of "river chief system" management information system of Guanchuan River in arid area of Loess Plateau from six modules of hydrologic water resources, water quality, physical structure, video monitoring, data query and background management, combined with computer, remote sensing, video monitoring and other modern information technology. At the same time, this paper had analyzed the flood flow, ecological flow, water quality characteristics, river curve degree, riparian vegetation coverage and other changes of the Guanchuan River, in order to strengthen the management of the Guanchuan river basin and promote the sustainable use of the river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1950 s, the planning of Heishanxia reach of the Yellow River has been nearly 70 years old. In the long-term demonstration process, relevant departments and local governments put forward a number of different development schemes according to the situation and research results in different periods. In view of the different viewpoints of different subjects on the functional orientation and development scheme of the river reach, no decision has been made so far. This paper reviewed the main planning demonstration process of Heishanxia reach of the Yellow River. From the point of view of ensuring the long-term safety of the Yellow River water resources and building the national water network system of “four-horizontal and three-vertical”, this paper puts forward some opinions on the possible development schemes and the issues that need to be further studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide reference for solving the difficult issue of unbalanced and uncoordinated development of the Yellow River Basin, this paper built a high-quality development evaluation index system of the Yellow River Basin from five dimensions of innovative development, coordinated development, green development, open development and shared development. The paper used the weighted TOPSIS model to measure the high-quality development level of provinces（regions） in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2019. The results show that in 2010-2019, the high-quality development level of the Yellow River Basin is generally low, and there are obvious differences among provinces（regions） in space, showing a continuous upward trend in time, and the inter provincial gap is gradually narrowing. From all dimensions, the levels of innovative development and shared development shows a steady upward trend. The levels of open development and coordinated development both experience a slight decline from 2012 to 2015 and begin to rise significantly in 2016. The level of green development also shows an upward trend but fluctuates greatly. The coordination level of economic, social and ecological environment coupling in the Yellow River Basin is low, and it has been in a state of imbalance for a long time. After 2016, it has changed from a moderate imbalance to a mild imbalance and a near imbalance. Government capacity, the degree of opening to the outside world, the level of education and the degree of medical security have a positive impact on the degree of coupling and coordination. The level of technology and ecological conditions have different effects on the degree of coupling and coordination of the Yellow River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As one of the key technologies of artificial intelligence, image recognition has been widely used in various industries. The development of digital and intelligent water conservancy cannot be separated from the application of artificial intelligence image recognition technology. This paper firstly summarized the development and recognition process of image recognition technology, introduced the traditional image recognition technology, including statistical method, syntactic recognition method and geometric transformation method, and the image recognition technology with neural network algorithm, including depth confidence network, convolution neural network, cyclic neural network and graph convolution neural network and compared the advantages and disadvantages of the above image recognition technologies. This paper summarized the application of artificial intelligence image recognition in water conservancy industry from the four aspects of river velocity measurement, remote sensing water body recognition, water level monitoring and three-dimensional prediction. Finally, It was proposed that improving the adaptability, compatibility and recognition accuracy of technical scenarios would be the development direction of artificial intelligence image recognition in the water conservancy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the panel data of 58 prefecture level cities along the Yellow River from 2010 to 2019, the water resources green efficiency of these cities was studied and analyzed in this paper by using the Super-SBM model. The results show that the water resources green efficiency of cities along the Yellow River is generally improved. The absolute value of the green efficiency level of water resources in the middle and lower reaches is greater than that in the upstream, and the improving rate of the efficiency level in the upstream is greater than that in the middle and lower reaches. Tobit model was also applied in this paper to analyze the impact of the environmental regulation, industrial structure, economic development level, and the degree of openness on the green water resources efficiency. The results show that openness and economic development level have little impact on water resources green efficiency, while the industrial structure has a negative effect and the environmental regulation has a positive influence. Moreover, there are differences among regions in the Yellow River. Policy suggestions are proposed in this paper that the Yellow River Basin should take measures according to local conditions, strengthen water use supervision of upstream cities and collaborative governance of the whole basin, give full play to the agglomeration effect of water resources utilization, accelerate technology spillover and strengthen weak areas, and pay attention to the role of resources allocation in improving green water use efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable operation of irrigation areas contains multi-level governance logic and multi-dimensional value demands. By analyzing the domestic historical development of irrigation areas’ water tariff system and the modern experience of typical irrigation areas, it is clear that water tariff has been playing roles in both costing recovery and regulating leverage in sustainable operation of irrigation areas. To achieve the goal of sustainable development, the corresponding water tariff system should be established. At the same time, the limited nature of the water tariff system should be recognized. Based on the objective reality, this paper analyzed three possible risks during the implementation of the water tariff system in irrigation area, which included the risk of market failure based on traditional inertia, the risk of mechanism failure based on individual rationality and the risk of self-factor based on objective location in. This paper proposed to establish a water price risk compensation fund to cope with market failure, to implement “price increase subsidy” and strengthen regulation to cope with policy lapses, and to establish a flexible water price adjustment to cope with self-factored water price risk, in order to achieve the sustainable goal of the irrigation area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to explore the feasibility of polymer grouting technology in the repair of underwater concrete cracks in deep-water dams, this paper was based on the central push test and model test to determine the bonding performance of the polymer and concrete interface and the grout in the concrete cracks. The law of diffusion was studied. The test results show that the bonding force of the interface between polymer and concrete increases linearly with the increase of polymer density, but it will reduce the bonding performance of the interface when saturated with water; at the same time, the polymer slurry will be dry and wet or waterlogged. The concrete cracks can be filled quickly and completely. The pressure of each measuring point first increases and then decreases with time, and then tends to stabilize. At the same time, the farther away from the grouting port, the lower the pressure of the measuring point, and the presence of water will make the slurry reaction solidification time lag, and the pressure dissipation rate slows down; in addition, the polymer density distribution is more uniform when the crack is saturated with water, while the density first increases along the axis and then decreases hyperbolicly when the crack is saturated with water, combined with the mechanics of polymers of different densities The performance proves the effectiveness of the polymer grouting technology in this paper for the repair of deep-water concrete cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to scientifically analyze the coordination degree between various water use processes, this paper proposed the coordination degree indicator to quantify the multiple water use process coordination degree based on the competition and cooperation relationship of multiple water users. Taking the Yellow River Basin as the study area, this paper quantified the long-term evolution process of cooperation degree, competition degree and coordination degree among 3 water use processes ( off-stream water supply, in-stream sediment transport water and instream ecological water). The results show that during 1988-2019, the cooperation degree is low ( mean value 0.06) while the competition degree is high ( mean value 0.33) ; the coordination degree changes between 0.10-0.82 ( mean value 0.46) ; the coordination degree shows a trend of increasing-decreasing-increasing after 2002, and the mutation points are 2012 and 2016; natural runoff, unified water regulation and reservoir operation mode impact the coordination degree of multiple water use processes in the Yellow River Basin. Under the influence of runoff attenuation and water use growth, the low coordination degree of multiple water use processes will exist for a long time in the Yellow River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)