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[Objective] The present paper aimed at determining the occurrence of chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) in tobacco in Guizhou and the genetic evolution relationship between the ChiVMV strains in Guizhou and in other provinces in China, so as to provide a basis for formulating scientific and reasonable prevention and control measures. [Method] 80 tobacco leaf samples suspected of virus infection were collected from the tobacco fields of Guiyang, Zunyi, Anshun and Tongren in Guizhou province, showing the symptoms of leaf mottling, wrinkling, necrosis and mosaic. Multiple viral primers were designed to detect the collected samples by RT-PCR method, and the detected ChiVMV was further amplified by PCR to obtain the whole genome sequence of Guizhou tobacco ChiVMV. Based on all ChiVMV genome sequences published by NCBI, sequence consistency analysis was performed and phylogenetic evolutionary tree was constructed to study the genetic evolutionary relationship of Guizhou ChiVMV tobacco isolates. [Result] The results of RT-PCR showed that the detection rate of ChiVMV was 37. 50%, the detection rate of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was 48. 75%, and the detection rate of potato virus Y (PVY) was 35. 00%. The detection rate of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was only 8. 75%. Four complex infection types TMV + PVY, PVY + ChiVMV, PVY + CMV and ChiVMV + PVY + TMV were detected, and the detection rates were 26. 25%, 6. 25%, 10. 00% and 3. 75%, respectively. Guizhou tobacco isolate ChiVMV-GZ (GenBank: OP589298) was obtained by PCR. Sequence consistency analysis showed that ChivMV-GZ was identical with tomato isolates from Sichuan (KC711055) and Sichuan tobacco isolates (MK405594) with high sequence consistency (98. 70% and 98. 50%). Phylogenetic tree was constructed and it found that ChivMV-GZ clustered with ChiVMV strains from Sichuan and Yunnan. [Conclusion] The damage of ChiVMV in Guizhou tobacco has been increasingly serious and sufficient attention should be paid. ChiVMV-GZ was isolated from Guizhou tobacco and amplified to obtain the whole genome of the virus in the study. Based on genetic evolution analysis, it was found that ChiVMV-GZ was most closely related to ChiVMV strains from Sichuan and Yunnan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to comprehensively and systematically study organic matter in arable soil as well as pH spatial distribution in the entire region of Guizhou, rationally plan and exploit cultivated land, and provide support for food security. [Method] Statistical analysis and ArcGIS space interpolation method were combined to analyze the spatial distribution of organic matter and pH in cultivated soil under the traditional cultivation pattern in Guizhou, and to study the influencing factors. [Result] The spatial distribution of soil organic matter content in cultivated land was uneven, with average content of 31. 13 g/kg, but the organic matter in cultivated land of Guizhou stayed abundant in general, and the content in each region showed as Liupanshui ( 52. 39 g/kg) > Guiyang ( 36. 01 g/kg) > Qianxinan (34. 02 g/kg) > Bijie(33. 89 g/kg) > Qiannan(32. 97 g/kg) > Anshun(31. 28 g/kg) > Qiandongnan(29. 92 g/kg) > Zunyi(25. 59 g/ kg) > Tongren(23. 01 g/kg). The pH of arable soil in Guizhou were 3. 99 - 8. 66, with the average value of 6. 06, and 90. 55% of the arable soils were dominantly acidic, weak acidic and neutral, accounting for 29. 48%, 38. 11 % and 22. 96% respectively. In the study area, the soil types display yellow-brown soil had the highest organic matter content and red soil had the lowest organic matter content The organic matter content with different soil utilization types was paddy field > irrigated land > dry land, while the pH showed as irrigated land > paddy field > dry land. [ Conclusion] The spatial distribution of organic matter content in arable soil of Guizhou province is uneven because of terrain, elevation and other influence factors, but the overall content stayed abundant. The spatial distribution of organic matter demonstrated as high in the west and south, low in the east and north. The pH of the provincial arable soil is mainly acidic or weak acidic, and its spatial distribution appeared uneven, showing a macro pattern of high in the west and north, low in the east and south. Soil type has a significant influence on pH of the soil, while it has insignificant impact on soil organic matter. Land utilizing type has extremely significant effect on both soil organic matter and pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of the digitaleconomic, computing power has become an important indicator to measure the degree of national economic development. With analyzing the two national strategies of "Channel Computing Resources from the East to the West" progect and "Construction of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle", and based on the construction of Chengdu-Chongqing Hub Node, the reasons that why Chengdu-Chongqing hub node has been laid out as one of the eastern hub nodes were analyzed. It due to four aspects, namely, strategic location advantage of computing, data integration system guarantee, computing infrastructure compaction, and maturity of computing application scenarios. Further, the operations in the advanced data center of Western (Chongqing) Science City demonstrate that the nationalcomputing hub built in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle boosts the project that channels computing resources from the east to the west. Then the paper discussed the coordinated development between Tianfu data center cluster and Chongqing data center cluster, as well as the coordinated development between national computing hub built in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle and national computing hub built in Guizhou province. It suggested that Tianfu data center cluster and Chongqing data center cluster should build coordination mechanisms from six aspects, including the network, data, computing power, industry, algorithm and energy. The neighboring national computing hubs can implement coordination based on the allocation of computing power business, the cross-domain circulation of data elements, and new business formats for digital cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the progress of beneficiation technology, the proportion of fine-grained tailings in beneficiation production is gradually increasing, which makes the requirements for hydraulic classification equipment for filling higher and higher. In view of the high proportion of fine-grained tailings for filling in Jinfeng Gold Mine, Guizhou, and the serious aging of hydraulic classification equipment, this paper studies the optimization of hydraulic classification equipment selection. The necessity and equipment parameters of replacing hydraulic classification equipment are determined through material balance calculation. The effect of replacing hydraulic classification equipment is evaluated from 5 aspects: tailings particle size, underflow yield rate, aggregate concentration, production test block strength and economic benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unbalanced pattern of population urbanization in Guizhou is mainly restricted by natural background conditions such as karst landform environment, and is also closely related to economic and geographical factors such as the developing difference in various regions in the province, the number and density of cities and towns. Based on the regional differences in the population scale and density in the Qing Dynasty, this paper discusses the regional distribution of the number, density and hierarchical status of towns, and analyzes the internal relationship between urban distribution and regional geographical factors such as population, immigration, historical construction, economic development and ethnic situation, which can deepen the understanding of the evolution process of Guizhou's population distribution and urbanization pattern, and provide a certain historical basis for Guizhou's population development and urbanization policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Laizishan anticline area is an important part of the Ceheng — Wangmo high gold concentration area in Guizhou province. In the area, a super large gold deposit and many small gold deposits and gold spots are dis-covered. At present, the area still has a good prospecting prospect. This paper systematically summarizes the geological features and tectonic ore control law and points out that Laizishan anticline area has obvious three-stage tectonic ore control characteristics, and that the migration and enrichment of deep-sourced ore-forming fluids are closely related to the three-stage tectonics. The tectonic system composed of hidden syngenetic faults of late Paleozoic + regional Laizishan anticline, interlaminar slip structure + mineral-grade faults and folds has an obvious control effect on gold deposit for-mation. The study established the ore-controlling model of the Laizishan anticline area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Intelligent interpretation based on high-resolution remote sensing is an important way to realize the fine generation and rapid update of geographic information. Based on the background of fine-accurate geographical application using remote sensing, this paper analyzes the limitations of remote sensing information products in production and application. We explain the necessity of remote sensing serving geographical research and the key of coupling the fine shape of the map and the accurate content of the spectrum. Methods: Based on the basic understanding that geography guides the research of intelligent remote sensing, we first put forward the development direction and technical ideas of high-resolution remote sensing geoscience analysis based on fine geographical scenes. Then, we propose an intelligent computing mode via the space-time/satellite-ground collaboration. Furthermore, we take the evaluation of rocky desertification cultivated land in Guanling County, Guizhou Province, China as an application case. Results: Through this case study, three basic models, namely zoning-stratified perception, spatiotemporal synergistically inversion and multi-granular decision-making, are used to show how to carry out fine-accurate application by high-resolution remote sensing collaborative computing in complex mountain areas from a comprehensive perspective of refinement, quantification and topicalization. Conclusions: Combined with the previous work experience and practical cognition, several key scientific problems are discussed, such as spatial expression using irregular grids, multimodal reconstruction of temporal features, multi-source un‐ certainty analysis and iterative optimization guided by uncertainty. We give some potential study directions and research ideas in order to establish a more complete and feasible theoretical system and explore the development paths for the research on intelligent remote sensing under the guidance of geography and the fine-accurate geographical application with remote sensing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to provide a reference basis for the safe production in tobacco fields with medium risk of Cd pollution and remediation, the uptake of Cd by tobacco and its distribution pattern in the whole plant were studied. [Method] The tobacco planting soil with medium risk of Cd pollution was selected for pot experiments to explore the remediation potential of 5 tobacco varieties for Cd in the contaminated soil and safety production about of tobacco. [Result] The concentrations of Cd（1.510-2.110 mg/kg) in 5 tobacco varieties were far less than the limit value of Cd（5.0 mg/kg) in Guizhou tobacco leaves. The order of Cd concentration of 5 tobacco varieties was as follows: Guiyan 8 > Yunyan 87 > CF225 > Nanjiang 3 > Bi’na 1.The Cd concerntration of Guiyan 8 was significantly higher than others. There were no significant difference between Bi’na 1 and Nanjiang 3, and they were significantly lower than others. All of 5 tobacco varieties had strong enrichment ability for Cd（127.695%-204.549%), and the order of enrichment ability was as follows: Bi’na 1>Yunyan 87>CF228>Guiyan 8>Nanjiang 3. The accumulation of Cd in Bi’na 1 had 583.102 μg/plant and the remediation efficiency of Cd in soil was 4.113%, more than 4 other tobacco varieties（2.269%-3.262%). The Cd of Bi’na 1 was mainly stored in the unusable parts such as roots, stems and leaf veins in the tobacco. The distribution rate of Cd in leaves of Bi’na 1 was the lowest with 41.03% concentration, which was lower than that of other tobaccos（above 50%). Bi’na 1 reduced the adverse factors（Cd concentration and distribution rate) in the tobacco production. [Conclusion] Among 5 tobacco varieties, Bi’na maximum accumulation amount of Cd, which mainly exists in unusable part, including root, stalk, leave vein, etc. Compared with other four tobacco varieties, Bi’na 1 reduces the disadvantages during tobacco production. Hence, Bi’na 1 has the potential for safe utilization and restoration of tobacco field medium-polluted by Cd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Purpose] The present paper aimed to study the physical properties, soil enzyme activities and their correlation characteristics of wild Bletilla striata soil in different producing areas in Guizhou, so as to provide a theoretical basis for realizing high yield and quality of B. striata artificial cultivation. [ Method] 8 soil sample plots for the wild B. striata were collected in Guizhou province to detect and analyze the soil physical and enzyme activity index characteristics and the correlation between them. [ Result]The soil density was between 2. 06 -2. 55 g/ cm³ with weak variation. The soil texture was mainly clay loam and sandy loam. In most soils, the proportion of the > 0. 25 mm size soil water-stable aggregates reached 70% . The distribution of the soil water-stable aggregates size fraction were different, 2 - 5 mm size fraction was the dominant size fraction in 4 soil plots, < 0. 25 mm size fraction was the dominant size fraction in 3 soil plots. The dominant size fraction of soil micro-aggregate was 0. 25 -0. 05 mm size fraction. The activities of urease, acid phosphatase and sucrase in soil were significantly different with strong variation. The activities of catalase in soil were not significantly different with weak variation. Soil enzyme activity was strongly influenced by the soil density, soil aggregates and microaggregates. There was a significant positive correlation between urease and acid phosphatase, which could promote each other. [Conclusion] Guizhou wild B. striata has strong adaptability to soil environment. It mainly grows in sandy soil or clay with soil clay content less than 25 %, and some wild B. striata can also grow in clay with soil clay content more than 30% ; Soil specific gravity, soil aggregates and micro aggregates are important factors affecting soil enzyme activity of B. striata. The suitable soil specific gravity is 2. 06 - 2. 55 g/ cm³, the dominant particle size is 2 - 5 mm or < 0. 25 mm, and loam is the best soil texture; Urease and acid phosphatase can promote each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been commonly considered that ecological fiscal transfer has the dual goals of equalizing basic public services and improving the quality of local ecological environment. However, the diversity of the goals could impact the outcome of local financial transfer payment and the successful realization of the goals. Based on the mediating effects of financial expenditure on environmental protection, and moderating effects of financial expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water, this paper made a theoretical analysis of the ecological environmental goals of ecological fiscal transfers, and implemented a research hypothesis, using the panel data of 199 counties in Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei and Henan provinces from 2010 to 2018. The empirical study showed that ecological fiscal transfers promoted the quality of local ecological environment during the sample period. As to the effects of local ecological fiscal transfers, the expenditure on environmental protection played a partial role of mediating effect, while the expenditure on agricultural, forestry and water not only regulated the effects of local environmental protection expenditure, but also improved local environmental quality. Since the local government had the information advantage regarding environmental governance, the goals of the provincial-level system could better reflect the ecological needs of the jurisdiction area. Consequently, the province-to-county ecological fiscal transfer system could effectively promote the quality of local ecological environment, and the incentive effect of environmental protection was obvious. Therefore, local governments at the county level should gradually abandon the practice of ‘pollution first, treatment later’, and take up the model of ‘co-ordinated development with dual goals’ involving both economy and environment. To coordinate those two goals of ecological fiscal transfer, the ‘bottom-up participatory decision-making’ concept can be a beneficial supplement to environmental governance by improving environmental quality through diversified practices of local governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the accuracy of traffic flow forecasting model based on least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), this paper proposed a novel modified gravitational search algorithm (TCK-AGSA) for parameters optimization. Firstly, this paper improved the Kbest function based on tent map, so that the algorithm had a mechanism to jump out of local optimum. Then, it introduced the guidance of global optimal to accelerate the movement of agents towards optimal solution. Furthermore, it introduced the evolutionary factor and converge factor into the weighted coefficient of agent's velocity to make the algorithm more adaptive. The simulation results for 12 benchmark functions show that the performance of TCK-AGSA is better than GSA and its variants. Finally, this paper proposed a LSSVM model optimized by TCK-AGSA, and selected the 2016 actual traffic flow data of Guizhou Expressway for experiment. The results show that the proposed model has better prediction accuracy, robustness and generalization capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The objective of the paper is to provide a reference for screening high-yield and good-quality tea cultivars suitable for planting and popularization in Guizhou. [Method] By using Li-6400XT portable photosynthetic system and ethanol extraction-colorimetry, taking Furling White Tea as the control, the leaf photosynthetic physiological indexes, leaf functional traits and their correlations of 15 tea cultivars (lines) cultivated in the same habitat were measured to determine the photosynthetic potential of 15 tea cultivars (lines). [Result] There were differences among photosynthetic physiological indexes, photosynthetic pigment content and leaf functional traits of 15 tea cultivars (lines). Mabianlv, Zhenong 901, Chuannonghuangyazao and Chuanmu 28 had higher photosynthetic characteristics, and photosynthetic efficiency was stronger, P n was 8. 89 - 9. 81 f.LmoV (m2 • s), which had higher high-yield potential compared with other 11 tea cultivars (lines). Chuannonghuangyazao was an etiolation cultivar. Its photosynthetic pigment content was lower, and was equivalent to Furling White Tea (CK). P n, SLA and WUE were higher. The cultivar was featured with higher etiolation specificity, photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency, which had better cultivation and utilization prospects. Zhongxuan 10, Zhongcha 112 and Baojing Golden Tea had higher WUE, respectively 3. 77 - 3. 91 f.LmoVmmol, and lower transpiration rate[2. 08 - 2. 20 mmoV (m2 • s) J. The three cultivars (lines) had stronger drought resistance potential, which could be researched on resistance indexes deeply. [Conclusion] From the perspective of photosynthetic characteristics, Mabianlv, Zhenong 901, Chuannonghuangyazao and Chuanmu 28 have higher photosynthetic capacity, which can be cultivated and popularized in Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In order to understand the content characteristics and ecological risk of heavy metals in agricultural soils in small-scale areas of karst regions, the present paper provides reference for the utilization of land function and the protection of cultivated soil environment. [Method] A total of 27 sites were laid on soil on agricultural land in the southwestern of Guizhou Province, samples of surface soil ( 0 - 20) cm were collected, and 8 heavy metal elements such as pH and Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni were analyzed and determined. The 'Soil Environmental Quality-Soil Pollution Risk Control Standard for Agricultural Land' (GB15618 - 2018) was used as the evaluation criteria to analyze its distribution characteristics, ecological risks and sources. [Result] The results showed that the soil pH in the study area was 5. 46 to 8. 07, and the average contents of heavy metals Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni, As, Cu, Cd and Hg were 154. 24, 153. 71, 64. 25, 61. 76, 50. 38, 49. 86, 0. 41 and 64. 25 mg/kg, respectively. The soil pollution index of agricultural land in the study area was 1. 68 and 1. 38, respectively. The hazard index (IR) value of 8 kinds of heavy metals was 69. 00, which was less than the limit of ecological hazard (IR = 150) . Cd and Pb, Hg and As, Cu, Zn, Ni, As and Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cr and Cu, Zn, Ni, Zn and Ni have homology respectively, and there is compound pollution. The results of the main component analysis show that As, Hg, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni have a higher load in the first main component, the variance contribution rate is 57. 565%, the content is mainly caused by the long-term application of heavy metal fertilizer; Cd and Pb have higher load in the second principal component, and their variance contribution rate is 80. 277%. The higher content is mainly due to the higher content in the parent material. [Conclusion] The soil pH of agricultural land in the study area is 5. 46 - 8. 07 which has been polluted by As and Cd to different degrees. Cr and Ni pollution is still clean range; Hg, Pb, Cu and Zn are in the clean range. The pollution level is slight ecological hazard [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pteris insignis, which has the medical function of clearing heat and draining dampness as well as activating blood to subside swelling, is widely distributed and rich in resources in Guizhou. As far as we know, there is no literature report on the study of its chemical constituents and biological activity. The purpose of this paper was to explore the material basis of this species, to reveal the related bioactive constituents and lead compounds. The aerial part of P. insignis was extracted with 95% methanol to give crude extract, which was then isolated and purified by silica gel, MCI gel CHP 20P, YMC gel ODS-A-HG and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structures of obtained compounds were deduced by the analysis of comprehensive spectral data. Eighteen compounds were isolated and identified as ( -) -a-tocospirone (1), cyclolaudenol ( 2), ( 25, 35) -pterosin C ( 3), ( 2R, 35)-pterosin C ( 4), pterosin ll (5), plerosin F (6), a-ionone A(7), saurnpunol C/D (8/8'), ficusol (9), palmilic acid ( 10), 2-dodec-2-envlsuccinic acid dimdhyl esler (11), nwlhyl-9-phen1'l-lO-hydmxy(1cladecanoale (12), hexadecarn1ic acid-2,3-dihydmxypmpy 1 esler ( 13), mdhyl daidale ( 14), ( Z, Z)-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid mdhyl esler ( 15), ( Z, Z, Z) -9, 12, 15- ocladecalrienoic acid esler ( 16), carnlenoid ( 17), /J-siloslernl ( 18) . All Lhe compounds were isolated fmm P. imignis for Lhe firsl Lime. The results of Lhis sludy will lay a scientific foumlalion for Lhe rational use of ils r'f'.sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to verify pathogenic bacteria of kiwifruit canker and provide effective strain resources for biological control against kiwifruit canker.【Method】The pathogenic bacteria were isolated from infected issues of kiwifruit plants infected with canker by a convention tissue isolation method. The antagonistic strains were screened from the bacteria isolated from soil and healthy kiwifruit tissues by an inhibition zone method. The isolated antagonistic strains were identified by morphology and molecular biology methods. 【Result】9 strains isolated from the infected tissues of kiwifruit plants infected with canker were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidae. 35 strains were isolated from soil and healthy kiwifruit tissues. 3 screened Bacillus strains had the good antagonism effect against Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidae and the average diameter of inhibitory zone was 20.8-23.7 mm.【Conclusion】Three screened Bacillus strains lay a foundation for development and application of biological agents against kiwifruit canker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to provide the scientific basis for rational land-use planning, soil resources conservation and pollution-free agricultural development in Luodian County, Guizhou. [Method] The effects of five typical land-use patterns (forestland, natural grassland, artificial grassland, cropland and abandoned farmland) on content and environment contamination of Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Hg and As in topsoil were evaluated by Nemerow comprehensive index, single-factor contamination index and Hakanson potential ecological hazard methods. [Result] The content of 6 heavy metals in topsoil was Cr > Pb > Ni > As > Cd > Hg and lower than the contamination background value of heavy metals in Guizhou overall. The topsoil Cd content was the highest in abandoned farmland and lowest in forestland. The topsoil Cr content was the highest in abandoned farmland and lowest in natural grassland. The topsoil Pb and Hg content was the highest in cropland and lowest in forestland. The topsoil Ni content was the highest in artificial grassland and lowest in natural grassland. The topsoil As content was the highest in natural grassland and lowest in cropland. The topsoil Cd, C.r, Pb and Hg content was high relatively and greatly influenced by human activity. Topsoil Cr had the same source as Ni, Hg and As. The topsoil As content was closely related to soil pH. The topsoil Cd and Cr content was closely related to soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) . The topsoil Pb, Hg and As content was closely related to soil organic matter (SOM). [Conclusion] Six heavy metals in topsoil do not cause soil contamination. The single-factor contamination index and potential ecological hazard index both are at the clean level. The pollution-free agriculture can be vigorously developed according to local soil nutrient, soil fertility and land-use pattern in Luodian County, Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aims to provide theoretical and technical support for the efficient pesticide application of spring potato in high altitude areas of Guizhou. [Method] A field experiment was conducted on Weiyu 5, to explore the effects of different pesticide application dosage on disease index and biological effect of spring potato in Guizhou. [Result] After spraying the potato seedling rate were 89. 63% — 93. 37%, the disease index were 2.71% — 6. 17%. Compared with CK, the yield, number of single tuber and the yield of single plant increased by 1.55% —22.97%,2. 50% —30.00%,and 12.29% —42.68%,respectively. The best performance was obtained with 80% of the customary spraying dose. Pesticide spraying can significantly improve reducing sugar and starch content of potato, increase the reducing sugar content by 0. 01 —0. 14 percentage and starch content by 0.76 —7.43 percentage compared with CK. But the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and moisture content were not obviously affected. In terms of soil nutrient changes, the contents of soil organic matter, available potassium, available phosphorus, and alkalize nitrogen were increased by 6. 96% — 15. 47%, 1 . 75 — 36. 84%, 3. 57% —56. 09% and 10. 00% —14.99% respectively compared with CK. [Conclusion] In summary, 80% of customary spraying dose is recommended for high-yielding dryland spring potato cultivation in Guizhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aim of this paper was to explore the function of LEA3 gene and the molecular mechanism of drought resistance of Festuca Arundinacea, for which LEA3 gene from two Guizhou native F. Arundinacea cultivars ( Qiancao 1 and Qiancao 2) were cloned and the bioinformatics of LEA3 genes and their expression under drought stress at seedling stage were analyzed as well. [Method] In this experiment, we cloned LEA3 genes of Qiancao 1 and Qiancao 2 by RT-PCR, referring to the sequences recorded by NCBI. At the same time, the amino acid sequence was analyzed by relevant software, and the expression of amino acid under drought stress was analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR ( qRT-PCR). [ Result ] In this study, we found that LEA3 genes in Qiancao 1 and Qiancao 2 consisted of open reading frame (ORF) of 609 bp and 642 bp respectively, which encoded proteins of 203 and 213 amino acids residues, respectively. Compared with Qiancao 2, the LEA3 protein of Qiancao 1 lacks the motif composed of 11 amino acids. At the same time, 11 amino acid differences were found between Qiancao 1 and Qiancao 2. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the molecular weight of Qiancao 1 LEA3 protein was 20. 72 kDa, the isoelectric point was 8. 55, and the grand average of hydropathicity ( GRAVY) was - 0. 971. The LEA3 protein of Qiancao 2 has a molecular weight of 22. 01 kDa, an isoelectric point of 8. 99, and a GRAVY of - L 069. The hydrophobicity analysis showed that both Qiancao 1 and Qiancao 2 LEA3 proteins had no transmembrane structure, and the hydrophilicity of Qiancao 2 LEA3 was stronger than that of Qiancao 1 LEA3. Alpha-helixes are dominant in Qiancao 1 and Qiancao 2 LEA3 proteins. LEA3 proteins of Qiancao 1 and Qiancao 2 have high homology with that of barley, goatgrass, wheatgrass and wheat. The phylogenetic tree showed that LEA3 proteins of Qiancao 1, Qiancao 2, wheat, ryegrass, barley, goatgrass, bromus inermis and wheatgrass were clustered into one group. The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of Qiancao 1 LEAJ was higher than that of Qiancao 2 in the whole process of drought stress at seedling stage. Compared with mild stress, the response of LEA3 in Qiancao 1 and Qiancao 2 under severe stress was stronger. [ Conclusion] It was found that the drought resistance of Qiancao 1 and Qiancao 2 was positively correlated with the expression of I.EAJ gene. Under the same conditions of drought stress, the expression of Qiancao 1 LEAJ gene was higher than that of Qiancao 2. Therefore, it can be inferred that Qiancao 1 is more adaptable to arid environment than Qiancao 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The objective of the paper is to explore a rapid and accurate method for diagnosing the biochemical components of Guizhou premium fruit plant. [ Method] Taking hyperspectral data of Passiflora edulis leaves and its corresponding leaf chlorophyll content as the data source, mathematical transform and discrete wavelet transform algorithm were used to process and analyze the spectrum data of P.edulis leaves, the sensitive bands were extracted by correlation analysis, and then the estimating model of chlorophyll content in P.edulis leaves was established by using partial least square algorithm. [ Result] The low frequency information of logarithmic transform separated from discrete wavelet transform and mathematical transform could significantly improve the estimation of spectrum to chlorophyll content in P. edulis leaves. The model established based on discrete wavelet transform L1 scale was optimum, which had high estimated accuracy and stability with R² = 0. 578 and RMSE = 1. 104. [Conclusion] As affected by complex geographical environment and climate condition, the spectrum data of P. edulis leaves contains a large amount of noise. The high frequency information extracted by mathematical transform and discrete wavelet transform has weak abilitying estimating chlorophyll content in P. edulis leaves. Compared with high frequency information, low frequency information has strong estimating ability of chlorophyll content in P. edulis leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective ] The objective of the paper is to provide the scientific basis for reducing chemical fertilizer and improving efficiency for vegetable in acidic yellow soil area of Guizhou. [ Method] The effects of combined application of biochar and yellow phosphorus slag on yield and nutrient uptake and utilization of Chinese cabbage cultivated in acidic yellow soil are studied by a pot experiment in green house. [ Result] The yield of Chinese cabbage under different treatments of biochar and yellow phosphorus slag combination is increased by 37.22 % - 82.07% compared with that of non-fertilization treatment, and the yield of Chinese cabbage applied with chemical fertilizer + 70 glpot biochar + 11.7 glpot yellow phosphorus slag is the highest ( 553. 5 g/ pot) . The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in Chinese cabbage under different treatments of biochar and yellow phosphorus slag combination is increased by 39.9% - 57.9%, 1.31% - 35.22% and 1.99 % -39.09% respectively compared with that of non-fertilization treatment. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of Chinese cabbage under different treatments of biochar and yellow phosphorus slag combination is increased by 107.8% - 188.9%, 65.89% - 128.82% and 61.73 % - 122.97% separately. Except there is no obvious difference in phosphorus uptake of Chinese cabbage applied chemical fertilizer + 18.0 glpot yellow phosphorus slag and non-fertilization treatment, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of Chinese cabbage under other treatments of biochar and yellow phosphorus slag combination is higher than that of nonfertilization treatment significantly. Among various fertilization treatment, chemical + 70 glpot biochar + 11.7 g/pot yellow phosphorus slag has the highest nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency, respectively 59. 01 % and 8. 83 %, while chemical fertilizer+ 100 glpot biochar + 9.00 glpot yellow phosphorus slag has the highest potassium utilization efficiency, which is 92. 10 % . [Conclusion ] Rationally combined application of biochar and yellow phosphorus slag can improve yield, nutrient uptake and utilization of Chinese cabbage, and low amount of biochar combined with high amount of yellow phosphorus slag has the best effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The objective of the paper is to discuss soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous content and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics, to explore ecological stoichiometric characteristics of soil nutrient elements and to provide the scientific basis for improvement of soil nutrient content in Guizhou province. [Method] The ecological stoichiometric characteristics of topsoil in Guizhou province are analyzed by using literature collection and ANO VA methods. [Result] The average value of SOC, TN and TP in soil of the research area was 27. 34, 2. 11 and 0. 7 4 g ·kg-1, respectively. C N, C: P and N: P was 14. 27, SO. 92 and 3. 75, respectively. The variance coefficient of SOC, TN, TP, C N, C P and N: P was 71. 22 %, 61. 61 %, 79. 73 %, 7S. S4 %, 90. 67 % and 78. 93 %,respectively. The spatial variability in TP and C P was the maximum. Soil SOC, TN, TP and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics were correlated significantly. [Conclusion] SOC, TP and C N in soil of Guizhou province is higher than SOC (17. 12 g ·kg-1), TP (0. S6 g ·kg-1) and C N (12. 30) of national land soil. The variance coefficient of soil SOC, IN, TP and their stoichiometric ratio ranges from 0. 1 to 1l. SOC is the main factor affecting TN, C N and C: P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】This paper aims to select turf grass cultivars suitable for vegetation restoration in Guizhou mercury mine wasteland and mercury pollution environment.【Method】Four turfgrass cultivars suiting southern China, including Motor, Feast, Pernille, and Legend, were selected as the experimental materials. The seed germination test and soil culture test under different concentration of Hg2+ stress were conducted to explore the seed germination and seedling growth of four cultivars.【Result】With Hg2+concentration increasing, the germination rate,germination potential,germination index and vigor index of the four cultivars were obviously inhibited. The tolerance limit of Feast and Motor was 120 mg/L; In the range of experimental treatment, the seed germination rate of the four cultivars was Pernille>Legend>Feast>Motor. The growth of the four cultivars was inhibited by high Hg2+ concentration, and the survival rate of the four cultivars decreased with the Hg2+ increasing. When the concentration of Hg2+ reached 100 mg/kg,the survival rate of the four cultivars was Feast>Pernille>Legend >Motor.【Conclusion】In the range of experiment,the comprehensive growth of Feast under Hg2+stress was the best. However, Feast showed stronger enrichment ability in mercury-containing 25 mg/kg soil, which was suitable for restoration of low-mercury soil and establishment of lawn, Legend had the strongest ability to enrich mercury in mercury-containing 50 and 100 mg/kg soil, which was suitable for restoration of high-mercury soil and establishment of lawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The objective of this paper was to understand the content and enrichment characteristics of trace elements in soil and plant(root) of wild Berberis in Guizhou Province and to provide the theoretical reference for cultivation of wild Berberis. 【Method】The contents of trace elements in soil and plant(root) were determined, and the correlation of trace elements between soil and plant(root) and the enrichment ability of plant(root) to trace elements were discussed. 【Result】Total amount of soil trace elements of Berberis guizhouensis Ying, B. pruinosa var. barresiana Ahrendt, B. weiningensis Ying, B. tsienii Ying and B. deinacantha Schneid. was Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Mo; B. veitchii Schneid., B. wilsonae var. guhtzunica(Ahrendt) Ahrendt, B.pingbaensis M.T.An was Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn>Mo. The highest content of the soil total amount of Cu was B. veitchii, the total amount of Fe was B. tsienii, the total amount of Mn was B. weiningensis, the total amount of Mo was B. deinacantha, the total amount of Zn was B. weiningensis. The highest content of the soil available amount of Cu was B. guizhouensis, the available amount of Fe was B. veitchii, the available amount of Mn and Mo was B. weiningensis, the available amount of Zn was B.wilsonae var.guhtzunica.The highest content of Cu and Mn in the roots of was B.wilsonae var.guhtzunica., Fe was B. deinacantha, Mo was B. deinacantha, Zn was B. tsienii. 【Conclusion】The trace elements between soil and plant(root) were correlated to some extent. The enrichment coefficient of Cu of B. guizhouensis was the highest and was greater than 1, and the other trace elements enrichment coefficient was less than 1.The content of the available trace elements in the soil of non-area of Berberis in Guizhou Province was more obvious than that of the whole area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The objective of the paper is to provide the scientific basis for rational fertilization in Jianhe County of Guizhou Province and similar areas. [Method] The effects of soil nutrient indexes(total N .organic matter, available N .available K, available P, total P and total K)on soil fertility are explored by using variation coefficient method, correlation coefficient method and weighted mean method, and then the soil fertility in paddy field and dry' land is evaluated by using improved Nemerow comprehensive evaluation method combined with the weight coefficient mean value of the three methods. [Result] The soil available k in paddy field and total P in dry land were at a lower level, while other nutrient indexes were at a medium-high, high and higher level. The soil available N content in six dry' land sampling sites with different plants was high. Soil total P and available k fluctuate greatly among sampling sites, while organic matter content fluctuates less. The soil available P in fertility factor weighted coefficient of paddy field and dry land was the highest, respectively 0. 2710 and 0. 2358 comparing the mean value of the three weighted method weighted coefficient. The available P is the main factor influencing soil fertility in paddy field and dry' land and soil fertility indexes is 1.52 and 1.63 separately. The soil comprehensive fertility was at a fertile level. [Conclusion] The soil fertility of paddy field and dry land in Jianhe County is at a fertile level, and available P is the main factor influencing soil fertility in paddy field and dry land. The soil N content in paddy field and dry land is high, which can meet the demand of crop production. Therefore, N fertilization should be reduced in production. The soil K content in paddy field is low, and the corresponding fertilization measures should be taken to improve K supply level in paddy field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The objective of the paper is to provide a reference for soil nutrient management and sustainable operation in Karst areas.【Method】The soil samples were collected from woodland and dry land in Baiduo Village(dolomite areas) and Shiqiao Village(limestone areas) in Shibing County,Guizhou Province,and then the soil nutrient was analyzed.【Result】The soil developed from dolomite was featured with higher organic matters,total N,available P,available K and hydrolysable N.The soil developed from limestone was featured with higher total P and total K.Total N was positively and very significantly related to hydrolysable N and organic carbon in soil developed from limestone and dolomite.Hydrolysable N was positively and significantly related to organic carbon in limestone areas.Hydrolysable N was positively and very significantly related to organic carbon in dolomite areas.Land use patterns had obvious effects on nutrient content in soil developed from limestone and dolomite.Soil total K,total N,hydrolysable N and organic carbon content in limestone woodland was higher than dry land,and available K,total P,available P and pH was lower than dry land.Soil total P and available P in dolomite woodland are lower than dry land,and other indexes are higher than dry land.The organic matter,total N,total P and total K content in dolomite-developed soil was Grade II,Grade I,Grade VI and Grade III respectively.The organic matter,total N,total P and total K content in limestone-developed soil was Grade II,Grade I,Grade V and Grade I separately.【Conclusion】Soil nutrient was not only affected by soil forming rock,but also affected by land use pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective】The objective of the paper is to evaluate fruit quality of pitaya cultivated in rocky desertification control area, to pro¬vide the theoretical basis for building the evaluation index systemof pitaya quality and to provide the theoretical guidance for development of pitaya industry in rocky desertification control area.【Method 】12 important quality indexes of fruit shape index, average single fruit weight, edible rate, soluble solids, soluble solids, soluble sugar, titratable acid, solid-acid ratio, sugar-acid ratio, protein, Vc and dietary fiber in red pitaya cultivated in plateau valley of typical karst rocky desertification in Guizhou were determined and analyzed by principal component analysis and clustering analysis.【Result】The accumulative contribution rate of three extracted principal components was up to 93. 508 '. The load value of fruit flavor indexes in three principal components was higher and the fruit flavor indexes focused on seven indexes of dietary fiber, soluble sugar, solid-acid ratio, protein, soluble solids, titratable acid and sugar-acid ratio. 15 pitayas groups were divided into three types based on clustering analysis and the quality score of 15 pitayas groups was N > K > F > H > L > G > I > C > B > E > A > M > 0 > D > J according to quality comprehensive evaluation. The fruit quality of pitaya with mediumfruit shape was the best overall, followed by lar¬ger fruit shape and small fruit shape.【Conclusion 】The flavor and taste of pitaya are the important factorr to evaluate fruit quality of pitaya in rocky desertification control aea. The fruit quality of three pitaya sizes is mediumfruit shape > larger fruit shape > small fruit shape. The built evaluation index system of pitaya quality has a certain guiding significance for development of pitaya industry in rocky desertification control area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aims to investigate incidence of four strawberry viruses in Guizhou Province and the evolutionary relationship between strawberry vein banding virus SVBV-GZ and other SVBV isolates. [Method]77 strawberry plants and the tissue culture seedlings were collected from greenhouses located in Guiyang City, Kaili City and Qiandongnan Vocational & Technical College for Nationalities.Strawberry plants were collected for detection of four strawberry viruses. The full genome sequences and CP nucleotide sequences of SVBV were cloned to the vector for sequencing and analysis. [Result] Both SVBV and strawberry mild yellow edge virus(SMYEV) were detected by RT-PCR, and the rate of virus carrying SVBV and SMYEV were 19.5 % and 2.6%, respectively. However strawberry mottle virus(SMoV) and strawbeny crinkle virus(SCV) viruses were not detected among these samples. The complete genome sequence of SVBV-GZ(GenBank accession No.:M H894295) is 7859 bp, and the genome structure might be composed of seven open reading frames.Phylogenetic analysis showed that the highest homology was observed between SVBV-GZ and SCBV-BJ(GenBank accession No.:KR080547) nucleotide sequences. [Conclusion] The nuclear sequence analysis of SVBV CP showed that the SVBV isolates in Guizhou are the most related to different isolates from different area in China. This may be caused by importing the strawberry seedlings from different area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】This paper provides a theoretical basis for further researches on the nutrient utilization and ecological adaptation strategies of V.zizanioides as well as the use of V.zizanioides for vegetation restoration of coal gangue. 【Method】The stoichiometric characteristics of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) in roots,stems and leaves were measured to evaluate the nutrient utilization efficiency of Vetiveria zizanioides L.,which were already planted 4,5,8 and 15 years in the coal gangue at Dahe Coal Mine in Liupanshui, Guizhou Province. 【Result】(i) The concentrations of N and K in roots,stems and leaves were basically constant with the extension of planting years,while the content of P in stems and leaves gradually decrease;(ii) The nutrient concentrations in roots were lower than that in stems and leaves at the four different planting years of V.zizanioides;(iii) The N∶P values of roots,stems and leaves of V.zizanioides with different planting years were less than 14.The value of N∶ K in leaves slightly with the increase of planting years,while the value of P∶K in stems and leaves decrease;(iv) There were significant or extremely significant correlations between N,P,K concentrations and stoichiometry in roots,stems and leaves. 【Conclusion】 Therefore,V.zizanioides is mainly restricted by N during the growth of coal gangue. In order to adapt to its harsh environmental conditions,it is necessary to regulate its own nutrients to the minimum nutrient demand level and maintain a dynamic balance. The nutrient content of the aboveground part should be assigned properly so as to ensure its normal growth in the coal gangue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The aim of this paper was to screen Paspahim dilatalum germplasms with strong drought resistance, and provide theoretical basis for the breeding and promotion of drought resistant germplasm. [Method] A drought simulation pot experiment was carried out with six P. dilatalum germplasms, and then the changes of various physiological indexes under drought stress were evaluated by means of principal component analysis and membership function. [Result] Under drought stress, the malondialdehyde contents of all the six germplasms gradually increased from the start to the 21st day, then a sharp increase was observed during 21st -28th days. The peroxidase activity, catalase activity,and soluble protein content increased first and then decreased,reached the maximum at 14 day,with one exception that the soluble protein in P. dilatalum germplasm coming from Meitan, Guizhou reached the maximum at 7th d. The total soluble sugar content displayed a significant upward trend,while the chlorophyll content showed a significant downward trend. The results of principal component a-nalysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components reached 92.64 % ,which could be identified as a comprehensive index for drought resistance evaluation. Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance showed that the drought resistance of the P. diliilatum germplasm from USA was the strongest,followed by the one from Anlong (grass slope) , Guizhou, the one from Vietnam was relatively weak, and the other germplasms rank in the medium position. [ Conclusion ] In the breeding and promotion of drought-resistant P. dilaUitum germplasms, American P. ddalatum germplasms with stalwart drought resistance should be selected priorly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The aim of this paper was to provide a reference for edible rose cultivation and industrial development in Guizhou, and to know the adaptation of the four edible roses, Rosa glauea(RG), Rosa damascene(RD), Pingyin rose(RP) and White rose(RW), to the climatic environment in Guiyang, Guizhou, through the quality analysis of color of flowers, shape of petals, weight of flowers, characteristic of leaves, and composition of essential oils. [Method]Biological traits were obtained by field invesligation and statistics;the essential oils were extracted with steam distillation, and analyzed by GC-MS. [Result] 39 aroma components were observed in RG, RD, RP and RW19, 22, 10, and 26 kinds of components were respectively detected from RG, RD, RP, and RW, accounting for 99. 48 %, 98. 00 %, 94. 00 %, and 100. 00 % in total aroma components. Flavoring composition in RG were citronellol and geraniol(51. 44 % and 20. 47 %), and that in RD were geraniol and nerol(32. 72 % and 22. 71 %), in RP were citronellal and geraniol(55. 87 % and 24. 59 %), and in RW were also citronellal and geraniol(28. 21 % and 30. 38 %). Essential oils component in RD and RW were the closest to ISO 9842:2003. Linalool, terpineol, geraniol, acacia alcohol and n-heptadecane were observed in volatile oils of RG, RD, RP, and RW, accounting for respectively 24. 78 %, 46. 28 %, 30. 83 %, and 37. 54%. [Conclusion] RD, RW and RG well adapted to the climatic environment of Guiyang area, and could be cultivated and generalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical basis for efficient fertilization of pepper in yellow soil region of Guizhou province. [Method] Field test method was used to test the application of three slow-release fertilizers(stable fertilizer, nitro dualeffect fertilizer and controlled-release fertilizer) on pepper in the typical yellow soil area of Guizhou province, and to study their effects on yield, quality, nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization of pepper. [Result]The yield of pepper increased by 14. 3 %-19. 4 % after applying three slow-release fertilizers, which was significantly higher than that of conventional fertilization and no fertilization. The amino acid content of pepper was 8. 9 %-22. 7 % higher than that of conventional fertilizer, and the crude protein content was 2. 4 %-10 % higher. The nutrient contents of pepper leaves, stems and fruits were improved as well as the agronomic efficiency, partial nitrogen productivity and apparent nitrogen utilization rate of pepper. [Conclusion] The application of three slow-release fertilizers significantly increased the yield of pepper, improved the quality of pepper and increased the fertilizer utilization rate of pepper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to understand chemical properties and available microelement characteristics of soil for growth of wild Bletilla striaes, explicit suitable soil environment of Bletilla.striaes cultivation and provide a reference for soil environment selection of Bletilla.striaes artificial cultivation. [Method] The microelement effective state and chemical properties of soil for growth of wild Bletilla.striata were investigated by field survey and the sufficient and lack level was analyzed by indoor analysis to discuss restriction factors affecting soil available microelement content. [Result] The pH and content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, rapid available potassium, available Cu, available Zn, available Fe and available Mn in soil of Bletilla.striata cultivation are 7.65-7.99, 26.86-280.58 g/kg, 1.55-14.44 g/kg, 0.47-0.99 g/kg, 1.89-19.52 g/kg, 99-641 mg/kg, 2.40-18.75 mg/kg, 70-122 mg/kg, 0.45-1.70 mg/kg, 0.83-14.66 mg/kg, 11.80-119.85 mg/kg and 24.88-52.55 mg/kg respectively. [Conclusion] The suitable soil environment for Bletilla.striats growth is alkalescence and needs higher content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and rapid available potassium. The soil organic matter, N, P and K content has no obvious effect on Cu and Mn content in soil. The content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil is positively related to Zn and Fe content very significantly.Selecting the soil with higher content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus can improve available Zn and Fe content in soil during Bletilla.striata artificial cultivation process, which is beneficial to growth and quality of Bletilla striata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The aim of this paper was to explore the distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in different recovery modes of rocky desertification control, and to provide scientific basis for further optimizing the vegetation allocation of rocky desertification control. [Method] Taking soil from five sampling sites as the study object, including Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Lonicera japonica, mixed forests, cardamom and abandoned farmland in Huajiang Rocky Desertification Control Demonstration Area in Guizhou. Soil layers of 0 - 10, 10 -20 and 20 -30 cm were sampled and monitored for 3 years before, during and after rainy season, and the distribution characteristics of soil nutrients under different recovery modes were analyzed. [Result] With the restoration of vegetation, compared with abandoned farmland, average values of soil bulk density, soil retention ability and capillary porosity in the four plots decreased respectively by 0.61 %, 7.97 % and 1.12 % , soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium increased by 53.45 %, 45.72 %, 80.81 % and 1.44 % respectively, hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus increased by 53.36 % and 25.80 % , respectively. In the same plot, the contents of soil organic matter and soil nutrient contents were all shown as during rainy season > after rainy season > before rainy season. With the increase of depth of the soil layer, content of soil nutrients of different recovery models decreased, nutrients mainly concentrated in the surface layer. [Conclusion] There were differences in nutrient contents between different restoration models, and vegetation restoration in karst rocky desertification area had an ameliorative effect on ecological environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longtan shale is widely developed in Guizhou Province and is an important part of the unconventional natural gas for the development in coal-bearing formations. Some mudstones have special characteristics due to some siderite minerals contained. This paper takes the Upper Permian Longtan shale in the northern Guizhou as an example to examine the coal-bearing mudstone reservoir. Based on the canister desorption, well logs and test results of siderite-bearing mudstones( core samples from LC-1 well), the authors present systematic pore structure, inorganic and Rock-Eval analyses of the mudstones to examine their gas content, reservoir properties, depositional environ-ment and origin. The results show that the Longtan shale contains type Ⅲ gas-prone organic matter with an over-mature stage and has total organic carbon values ranging between 0. 90% and 2. 71%. Carbon isotope data clearly indicate the terrestrial organic matter source dominating the Upper Longtan formation. Desorbed gas content( obtained by canister desorption, dominated by methane) of core samples ranges from 0. 08 to 7. 79 m3/t with an average of 1. 60 m3/t. The mudstones are mainly composed of clays( 35%) and quartz( 15. 7%), and most of them contained high siderite and dolomite with an average of 38. 1% and 9. 5%, respectively. Desorbed gas content of core samples are positively correlated with TOC but negatively correlated with quartz and clay mineral contents, BET specific surface areas and BJH total pore volumes measured by gas injection method, which suggests that the organic matter is the main material source for desorbed gas, but the storage space is not provided by mesopores or micropores. However, the negative correlation between siderite content and specific area with pore volume( obtained by gas injection method), suggesting that the intercrystalline pore of siderite is insufficient to provide the storage space for the occurrence of the desorbed gas. The distribution of siderite around the organic matter is stratified, botryoidal, lenticular or tuberculous, and the stratigraphic continuity remains intact. The siderite surrounding the organic matter, as analogous to a "micro-trap"inside the mudstone, blocks the hydrocarbon gas migration in the organic matter. This may be the main reason for the positive correlation between desorption and siderite content. The organic matter always adsorbed and stored the hydrocarbon gas generated and sealed by"micro-trap". With the increase of organic matter and"micro-trap", the amount of enclosed gas increases. The sideritebearing mudstone with filled gas may further reach as an overpressure reservoir for a certain pressure gas sealing. Furthermore, the siderite-bearing mudstone can have independent "micro-gas system"for the lacking of gas migration and exchange with adjacent coal seams. The reducing conditions during the deposition of Longtan formation for the response of elemental geochemical index is closely interrelated to the fluctuation of sea level, indicating that the typical sedimentary environment provides favorable conditions for the siderite. The desorbed gas, siderite and organic carbon content change regularly with the process of sea level falling and rising from bottom to top of the Upper Permian, indicating that the siderite and organic matter deposited in tidal flat-lagoon with relatively stable Eh and p H values and limited water circulation. The high ferric ions brought into by sand interstitial water chemically react with reducing gas from the reduction of organic matter to create hydrocarbon gas. The gas sealed by "micro-trap"is stored as adsorbed gas on organic matter, suggesting a controlling effect on the desorbed gas of siderite-bearing mudstone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western Guizhou has the most abundant coalbed methane resources in South China. In order to efficiently exploit the coalbed methane in this area, it is important to understand the drainage decompression and orderly development methods of coal seam groups under the control of Unattached multiple superposed CBM-bearing system. This paper took Feitian Block of Zhina coal field in Western Guizhou as the researching area, analyzing the meticulous hydrogeological condition of coal-bearing strata and the difference of development condition of different coal seam groups in vertical. Based on pumping test data from previous coal exploration, useful information was generated, including the apparent reservoir pressure, pressure gradient, unit water inflow, permeability coefficient and radius of influence. The difference of hydrogeological condition in different parts of coal-bearing strata in three-dimensional space was compared. Eventually, the factor of evaluating CBM development priority was established through fuzzy mathematics synthetical judgement. Accordingly, the developing potential and development order of different coal seam groups in vertical of the three coal mine areas was discussed. It is concluded that the Feitian 2 and Feitian 3 mine areas have a better CBM development condition than Feitian 1,among which Feitian 2 medium part, Feitian 3 upper part and medium part are prior for CBM development. Generally, The development order of each part of coal-bearing strata of each coal mine area is : Feitian 3 upper part → Feitian 2 medium part →Feitian 3 medium part →Feitian 3 lower part →Feitian 2 lower part →Feitian 2 upper part →Feitian 1 upper part /Feitian 1 medium part →Feitian 1 lower part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has long been debate among cross-cultural researchers on whether Freudian dream interpretation is applicable to non-Western societies. Psychoanalysts and anthropologists alike stress the significance of dream interpretation and meaning when dealing with myth and ritual action discourses, both of which can be addressed as examples of acting out, and both of which are viewed as vividly revealing symbols of cultures, especially the subjectivity of the collective self. In this paper I use Lacanian psychoanalytical perspective (esp. language and symbolism) to examine how the Kam people of Guizhou, China interpret dreams, myths, and ritual performances for purposes of understanding their senses of self/personhood and cultural symbols. The Kam have traditionally practiced patrilineal cross-cousin marriage, which requires two generations of wife-takers and wife-givers to complete a marriage exchange cycle. When dealing with issues of the self and personhood in anthropology, sociality is central to any analysis of the relationship between wife-takers and wife-givers. Whereas psychoanalysts would likely emphasize the aspect of inner self when analyzing this practice, anthropologists are more likely to focus on the external mechanism for establishing self/personhood from such embedded contexts as events, social activities (actions and behaviors) and language (speech and discourse) to locate the position of a subject. In other words, ways that the self and personhood are constituted, either individually or collectively, are embedded in social life. There are various mechanisms (e.g. myths, taboos, social exchange and ritual performance) in Kam society to inform men and women that they have to learn and to practice an appropriate form of self/personhood. For example, wei33 keh55 is an social exchange between two villages which can be understood as a reflection and an act of performance the completion of marriage transaction between two social groups. First, I describe a dream account told by a Kam woman which foretold an occurrence of death in the village. A dream is not only a social reality but also carries the cultural message to inform Kam men and women to enter marriage exchange practice. Then, I move to the Kam songs performed by Kam men and women during social exchange activities. Through the lyrics and symbols contained in the Kam songs, men and women express their loves, emotions and desires towards their desirable marriage partners. Although Kam song singing is an institutional mechanism, individual men and women are able to convey their internationality[1] by selecting suitable songs to express their personal desires and situations. Third, I discuss how taboo observations constitute the Kam self, one is aimed at pregnant women (birth) and the other towards the surviving family of a dead person. It is through the taboo practices that the Kam people complete their transformation of sociality: from birth to death or from death to social reproduction. In addition, I examine Kam myths and their practices of sa323 goddess [the goddess of a Kam female ancestor] worship to further my discussion of the significance of marriage exchange. In the myths and ritual performance to honor sa323goddess, 12 male representatives of Kam clans enter the sa323 goddess shrine to worship sa323 and then to engage in drinking and eating which I regard as an imitation of marriage exchange or social reproduction. Finally, I describe the content of ritual action performed by the Kam people whenever a disharmonious event occurs in the family or in the village. Pa55 kou323, which refers to empty words, is the ritual practiced constantly by the Kam people to prevent "being gossiped or being talked about" by other people, including either the living or the deceased. Although ritual practice such as pa55 kou323 is an external action, however, it is effective in the constitution of the Kam self by reminding people not to engage with actions of "empty words" or "being gossiped about." That is, the ritual of pa55 kou323 is not only a symbolic action but also serves as a regulatory mechanism to constitute the Kam self. My conclusions are (a) dream accounts and cultural interpretations of dreams foretell Kam social realities; (b) myths as story-form of living reality legitimate ritual action and verify the effectiveness of social practices; and (c) rituals as fictions and imitations of social reality serve as imaginary social ideals for Kam cultural ideology. Dreams, myths and rituals all contain some characteristics of fantasy and imagination but are all able to express, articulate and verify what social realities are in their own ways. Symbols are the basic mechanisms which have the capacities to connect fantasy and imagination with social realities. In sum, dreams, myths and rituals provide the inner, subjective and the imaginary of social realities, and its significance is no less than that of the external, objective and practical aspect of social realities. For human society to move on from generation to generation, it needs both operating mechanisms: the imaginary and the practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]