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This paper focuses on how social group work is integral to teaching and learning about critical reflection on practice (CRoP), on three different levels. The paper provides an overview of the theory and practice of CRoP, followed by a description of group work in two MSW CRoP course sections at a school of social work in Ontario, Canada. The paper describes the process of integrating CRoP into practicum integration seminar groups to sustain skills in critical reflection, as well as our own group process in our small faculty research and teaching group. By integrating group work and critical reflection literature and by focusing on the development of critical acceptance and mutual aid, this paper will outline benefits, challenges, and opportunities related to the use of groups in facilitating the CRoP process, along with next steps and further discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of learning practices that enable students to transfer knowledge across contexts, is a dominant topic in Physics Education Research. Assessment is a key activity in the learning process. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the value of analysing introductory physics assessments using the Semantics dimension of Legitimation Code Theory. We discuss the tools used to analyse the test and exam question papers of two consecutive calculus-based introductory physics modules. An analysis of past question papers over 5 years revealed various weaknesses. The outcomes of an intervention based on critical self-evaluation of question papers, using the same tools, are presented. The results indicate that the intervention increased focus on core concepts and context and supported learning that enables transfer. We argue that the use of semantic gravity to analyse assessments is a useful starting point for change in educational practices in order to support transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As HE professional educators in Social Sciences, we teach a curriculum which foregrounds inequalities. This includes inequalities related to diverse social groups and differences of race, class, gender, disability and sexuality, underpinned by global approaches. Learners are asked to reconsider the social world through a critical lens with perhaps very different explanations of inequalities and the (re)production of power. This paper illuminates early considerations arising from primary research of those teaching moments described as 'difficult' by our participants. The difficulty created for the teacher/student partnership is often experienced by us through the resistance by students who often cannot imagine a world view beyond their own. They can believe their way of knowing themselves in the world is how the world is for everyone. The critical educator recognises that in any given moment they are required to consciously manage the pedagogical illuminations of structural inequalities and individual agency. These difficult moments produce struggle for the student who is learning and pedagogical challenges for the lecturer. This paper captures a snapshot of some of the experiences of educators teaching diversity across a range of subject areas. We also reflect on the potential for professional development and possibilities for embedding best practice in preparing academic staff to deal with difficult moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the communication theory course to be successful, instructors must tap into their students' lives and create a sense of how communication theory is not only relevant to their needs, interests, or goals, but also practical when applied to their social, personal, and organizational relationships. One way in which instructors can create a sense of relevance and practicality is through this activity, which requires students to develop a communication theory that is rooted in some aspect of their personal lives. This activity unfolds over the course of a semester and requires a total of seven class sessions, with the culminating part of the activity resulting in a two- to three-page report that requires students to develop and evaluate an original communication theory using content discussed in class and taken from the course textbook. Overall student evaluation of the activity is positive, with students being able to identify its challenges and rewards clearly. Communication Theory. By the end of this activity, students should be able to (1) identify the properties and criteria associated with theory development and evaluation, (2) create a theory using the properties of theory development, and (3) critique their theory using established theory evaluation criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nomophobia, often known as a 21st-century disorder, is a recent condition that has received considerable attention, with numerous studies conducted to better understand it since it was first introduced in 2008. To better understand the present research status and prospects to assist practitioners, policymakers, and funding agencies in protecting the population from nomophobia-related harm, a bibliometric study of nomophobia-related publications was conducted. We used Scopus and dimensions.ai to perform a search between 2008 and 2022. The HistCite, R software, and VOSviewer were used to analyze the data and extract relevant keywords indexed in medical databases using mesh heading phrases. Between January 2008 and April 2022, 1,781 papers, 30 datasets, two grants, six patents, four clinical trials, and five policy documents were identified. The bulk of the articles included in this review were published after 2017 with the majority written in English. Most of the research focuses on determining the prevalence of nomophobia in various populational groups, such as students, clinical samples, and the general adult population. Several studies examined the possible association between nomophobia symptoms and other psychiatric or physical health issues, such as changes in sleep, learning and attention, academic performance, coping strategies, etc. The current body of research knowledge of nomophobia in the main includes epidemiologic and diagnostic effort that has provided mixed results regarding its assessment and prevalence rates, and appreciable data on its treatment and prevention are lacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the spatial attributes in the hospital ward environment and their impact on medical students' learning and experience of the clinical workplace. An ethnographic study was conducted in a Scottish teaching hospital, combining observations and interviews over a period of 10 months. Two teaching wards served as the field-sites where approximately 120 h of non-participant observations took place sequentially. In addition, 34 individual interviews were conducted with identified key informants that included medical students, junior doctors, postgraduate trainees, consultant supervisors, ward nurses and hospital pharmacist. A combination of Actor-network Theory (ANT) and Social cognitive theory (SCT) was applied to analyse data pertaining to spatial attributes and their relevance to clinical teaching and learning. Analysis of the observational and interview data led to generation of the following themes: spatial attributes in the clinical workplace can enable or constrain teaching and learning opportunities, inadequate spaces impact students' and junior doctors' sense of value, short clinical rotations influence a sense of ownership of doctors' spaces, and contested nature of space in the clinical environment. Several illustrations of the field-sites help to contextualise the themes and aid in understanding the participants' experiences and perceptions. Our findings suggest a complex entanglement of space with medical students learning and wellbeing in the clinical workplace. Provision of suitable spaces needs to be a core consideration to realise the full potential of work-based learning in medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Especially in higher education – but true for any setting – what students do within a learning environment determines their learning outcomes. Given that they regulate their own learning, students do not always act in accordance with the instructions and intentions of the designed learning environment, which in turn has implications for their learning and achievement. To better understand this phenomenon, a variety of research examined factors that are presumed to influence students' learning behavior within learning environments. This paper aims to broaden this research by pointing attention to students' knowledge of micro-level education as a type of domain-independent prior knowledge. This so-called 'instructional knowledge' of students is also presumed to have important implications for learning in educational settings. An attempt was made to map this construct by thematically analyzing 91 drawings depicting Flemish higher education students' spontaneous and general knowledge of instruction. Findings confirm previous research by revealing that students' instructional knowledge is (a) very similar, and (b) rather 'classical' in nature. In extension to previous findings, it was also revealed that in addition to classical and common elements, many drawings portray new (especially digital) and individual elements. This study contributes to understanding instructional knowledge as a complex and personal set of shared and unique experiences susceptible to slow structural change. Moreover, it provides opportunities for further research and – in time – the enhancement of instructional design models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present our development of a previously articulated approach to counselling education of transformational learning through a relational dynamic approach (Macaskie et al., 2013). We replace the idea of integration with a values-based approach and supplement the notion of transformational relational learning with a not-knowing attitude. This perspective on education and learning in counselling parallels the attitude within psychotherapy that we teach our students. We argue that this unites relational approaches to learning and psychotherapy across modalities and offers a trans-theoretical approach that could explain the common factors research in psychotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines disciplinary differences in the combinations of approaches to learning (i.e., learning profiles) among students, and how those combinations are related to academic achievement. In addition, the study focuses on how different learning profiles are related to students' self-efficacy beliefs in different disciplines. Data consist of HowULearn survey responses from 4,294 full-time students from six different disciplines. We used a person-oriented approach; that is, the latent profile analysis (LPA) with various functions. The results showed that it is possible to detect different learning profiles of students in different disciplines. The study highlights that students who struggle in almost every discipline have a dissonant learning profile or the deep unorganised profile. Therefore, special attention should be paid to identifying the students with dissonant learning profiles and to support them in recognising their own learning processes. Moreover, students' time and effort management skills should be fostered during university studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how university staff in Denmark, Germany, and England perceived higher education (HE) policy as impacting the experience of being a student in their respective countries. While, in each nation, different policy mechanisms were identified as having triggered transformations in the experience of being a student, the transformations themselves were described in a strikingly similar manner across all three countries: staff stressed that students had become more instrumental in their approach to learning; that the student experience had become more circumscribed; and that students were under greater stress. We analyse how staff's narratives about the impact of policy on the experience of being a student were mediated by their own ideas about what constituted 'good education', which in turn were strongly rooted in national traditions. Furthermore, in each country, staff's assessment of the impact of specific policies on HE differed sharply from those of policy actors. Our findings contribute to the scholarship on the marketisation of HE, through drawing attention to how the rationality underpinning policy does not determine how it is engaged with by key stakeholders on the ground, and by demonstrating how the neoliberalisation of HE can unfold in different formats, some more explicit than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiential learning is considered important to develop managerial skills. Several archetypes are developed to facilitate learning, and various outcomes of experiential learning have been studied by organizational scholars. In an effort to contribute to the literature about learning, this research pursues (1) to examine the effect of students' learning behaviours on their perception about the quality of learning experience in business education, (2) to examine the mediating role of psychological safety between learning behaviours and students' perception about quality of their learning experience. Based on Kolb's experiential-learning theory and Mezirow's transformational learning theory this research used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 208 students studying in the final semester of their master degree program. Initially, the use of confirmatory factor analysis helped in assessing the validity of the scales in this research context. Later on, hypothesized relationships were tested through structural equation modelling (SEM). Results revealed significant positive impact of critical reflection, student-to-student interactions, and instructor-to-student interactions on students' perceptions about the quality of learning experience. Moreover, psychological safety was found to mediate the relationship between learning behaviours and students' perceptions about quality of learning experience. Practical implications for management educators have also been discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are theoretical arguments and empirical studies to support the benefits of early participation in an online course. However, little research has been conducted to investigate the relationship between students' early start in online learning and their course performance, which limits its application to online education research and practice. This study aims to fill this gap by examining and quantifying the relationship of early participation in course activities with students' learning performance. Using multilevel logit modeling, the relationship of early participation in online courses and student final performance are modeled with student log data and other individual information from over 30,000 students enrolled in 22 online university courses. Results show that early participation in online course activities is significantly correlated with student final performance. As the first study to quantify the relationship between early participation and students' academic performance, this paper provides important insights for online teaching and learning research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary higher education systems, the processes of assessment and feedback are often seen as coexisting activities. As a result, they have become entangled in both policy and practice, resulting in a conceptual and practical blurring of their unique purposes. In this paper, we present a critical examination of the issues created by the entanglement of assessment and feedback, arguing that it is important to ensure that the legitimate purposes of both feedback and assessment are not compromised by inappropriate conflation of the two. We situate our argument in the shifting conceptual landscape of feedback, where there is increasing emphasis on students being active players in feedback processes working with and applying information from others to future learning tasks, rather than regarding feedback as a mechanism of transmission of information by teachers. We surface and critically discuss six problems created by the entanglement of assessment and feedback: students' focus on grades; comments justifying grades rather than support learning; feedback too late to be useful; feedback subordinated to all other processes in course design; overemphasis on documentation of feedback; and the downgrading of feedback created by requirements for anonymous marking. We then propose a series of strategies for preserving the learning function of feedback, through models that give primacy to feedback within learning cycles. We conclude by offering suggestions for research and practice that seek to engage with the challenges created by the entanglement of assessment and feedback, and that maintain the unique purposes of assessment and feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasingly, attention is being turned toward the actions of students in relation to feedback. This paper presents the outcomes of a questionnaire study researching what undergraduate and postgraduate architecture students perceive as the purpose of feedback, how they use feedback on their coursework, and what makes them more likely to act on it. An overarching theme in their conception of feedback's purpose was that of a guide for improving coursework and learning. Two key dimensions that facilitated use over the longer term were feedback being generative and informing their working methods. The study revealed students engaging in a range of strategies with both formative and summative feedback to prioritise their next work; these could form the basis of facilitating wider adoption of these methods across the student body. There were similarities, but also substantial differences, between how undergraduate and postgraduate students reported perceiving and utilising feedback, which may have impact on feedback provision to enhance uptake and use. Whereas undergraduate students saw feedback's purpose in terms of directing improvement, postgraduates were more likely to see their own role in the process. Postgraduates were more likely to question feedback's validity over the longer term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More often than not, notes are conceptualized as a technology for helping students stay focused on and attentive to subject matter deemed educationally valuable. This article concerns itself, however, with how notes may interrupt and render inoperative this learning function. To probe the question of attention and distraction, the authors devised an experiment in note taking. Our question is whether or not these forms of rendering the learning function of notes inoperative have any educational value. In conclusion, we suggest that such activities, while divorced from official, outcomes-based learning, do indeed have educational meaning: they make present the potentiality for thinking and acting without forcing such potentiality into measurable forms. What remains is the notes themselves, and the notational effects they in turn generated and continue to generate. (Nota bene: The reader might wish to take notes on the following, in some form.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of taking hand-written notes in lectures has been rediscovered recently because of several studies on its learning efficacy in the mainstream media. Students are enjoined to ditch their laptops and return to pen and paper. Such arguments presuppose that notes are taken in order to be revisited after the lecture. Learning is seen to happen only after the event. We argue instead that student's note-taking is an educational practice worthy in itself as a way to relate to the live event of the lecture. We adopt a phenomenological approach inspired by Vilém Flusser's phenomenology of gestures, which assumes that a gesture like note-taking is always an event of thinking with media in which a certain freedom is expressed. But Flusser's description of note-taking focusses on the individual note-taker. What about students' note-taking in a lecture hall as a collective gesture? Nietzsche considered note-taking 'mechanical,' as if students were automatons who mindlessly transcribed a verbal flow, while Benjamin considered it an inaesthetic gesture: at best, boring; at worst, 'painful to watch.' In contrast, we argue that the educational potentiality of note-taking—or better, note-making—can be grasped only if we account for its mediaticity (as writing that displaces the voice), together with but distinct from its political potentiality as a collective mediality (as a 'means without end'). Note-taking enables us to see how collective thinking emerges in the lecture, a kind of thinking that belongs neither to the lecturer nor the student, but emerges in the relation of attention established between the lecturer, students and their object of thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interprofessional education (IPE), as preparation for interprofessional practice (IPP), is essential for quality, coordinated, outcome-focussed patient care. To develop capacity for IPP in future healthcare practitioners, IPE needs to be developed within curriculum and applied within authentic settings. The study aims were threefold: (a) determine if an established type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) exercise and healthy lifestyle program could be replicated and delivered at a satellite health precinct; (b) report on changes in students' attitudes to IPP in response to involvement in the program; (c) explore the perceptions of students in response to participation in the program whilst on placement. This paper reports on the quantitative changes in perceptions of IPE as measured by the SPICE-R2 instrument and a qualitative analysis of the student reflection of participating in IPP. Thirty-five students, from 4 health professions, participated in the study. The quantitative outcomes showed significant improvement in the perceptions of IPE (p <.01), including significant improvements understanding of roles and responsibilities, teamwork, and patient outcomes (p <.01). The qualitative analysis included a subset of 18 students who participated across two focus groups, highlighting four key themes: (a) health students reported varied initial experience with, and understanding of IPE; (b) the IPE program enabled students to see the value of teamwork for patient care; (c) IPE enhanced role clarity amongst the students, and (d) the IPE program provided an authentic learning experience, best suited to final year students. Our findings reinforced the value of a partnership between higher education and health services to deliver IPP care and learning, student valuing of the importance of IPE as part of authentic learning, and need for a scaffolded approach toward IPE is needed across health curriculums, and clinical placement to ensure all students can develop IPE capabilities that will enable them to work together to deliver the best healthcare to clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities strive to acquire resources to improve learning outcomes for students. This paper describes technology introduced in core undergraduate business classes and students' assessment of their value. Despite their widespread use, student enthusiasm for them was tepid. It also gauges student preferences for pedagogical methods and finds the preferred method was power point lectures, independent of the type of the course. Homework ranked second for quantitative classes, while in-class discussions ranked second for qualitative classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many college educators have concerns about their students' writing in general and within disciplines and may wish to understand more about their students' writing practices and preferences. Therefore, this Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) case study investigated hospitality and tourism students' perceptions of their own writing. For this case study, 111 surveys were collected from hospitality and tourism students at a university in the southeastern United States. Several themes connected to their writing habits were identified. Based on the results of the study, implications are discussed, strategies for enhancing writing skills are provided, and further research is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on using the Internet for learning becoming one of the most crucial factors of students' study success in higher education (HE). Topics include reliable and valid data on student learning being necessary for the future development of both academic and societal education; and focusing on learning in digital environments and students' use of online media from a variety of disciplinary perspectives.

While the benefits of reflection for students are well documented, there is a parallel body of research pointing to varying levels of engagement with reflection. Students on a four-year business information systems programme have to complete a reflection as part of their placement assessment. Using a constructivist qualitative methodology, this research explores the students' experience of reflecting with a view to identifying what supports could be useful to guide students in the future. Using semi-structured interviews, the students described a focus on description of activities and overall uncertainty on what to write. There are multiple possible interventions which could support the students but some would require significant and high-level support within the university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers are facing increasingly diverse classrooms globally. To support all students efficiently, teachers need to know their students. Drawing from the literature of teacher learning and inclusive education, we explored how teachers learn to know their students in a co-teaching context. Analysis of interviews and diaries of five co-teaching teams showed that teachers learned about their students in a co-taught classroom by observing students and by obtaining knowledge from and co-constructing knowledge with their co-teaching partner. Moreover, teachers' learning led to shared responsibility for the student and a better understanding of student diversity. Thus, sharing knowledge of students can lighten teachers' workload in inclusive settings and benefit both teachers and students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although sound is an everyday phenomenon that we hear about constantly, numerous studies have reported that students often exhibit learning difficulties in understanding this subject. Only a few studies have proposed programs involving practical learning experiments to provide students with solid conceptual knowledge. Moreover, little research to date has dealt with the topic of sound from the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) perspective. The need for this research is rooted in the general lack of learning materials developed according to integrative STEM and in the shortage of interdisciplinary contents that specifically address the subject of sound. The Sound, Waves and Communication Systems (SWCS) program was developed in Sakhnin in Israel to integrate the learning of science and technology through the extensive use of Information and Computer Technologies (ICT). The study aimed at exploring middle school students' achievements and motivation in learning the program and discovering the factors that might affect these elements. The participants in the study are 120 middle school students (7th-graders), divided into six separate groups: two groups (40 students) participated in the pilot study, whereas four groups (80 students) took part in the main study. The study adopted a mixed method research design, and combined quantitative and qualitative methods that included observations in class, administering a students' motivation questionnaire before and after studying the course, giving achievement exams, and analyzing the students' projects. The findings showed that despite difficulties in learning the subject, the students eventually managed to gain a conceptual understanding and their self-efficacy significantly increased. The flexible integration of the teachers' instruction, the hands-on lab work, the use of ICT, and project-based learning all contributed to the participants' success and motivation in learning the current course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we introduce instructional choice as a simple, feasible, effective strategy for teachers and families to increase student engagement as well as decrease off-task and disruptive behaviors in range of contexts. We provide step-by-step guidance to illustrate how instructional choice can be used by teachers in in-person and remote learning environments as well as how families can incorporate choice into daily routines at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the authors introduce precorrection as a feasible, effective strategy for teachers and families to use to increase engagement and minimize disruptive behavior in a range of learning contexts. The authors provide step-by-step guidance to illustrate how precorrection can be used by teachers in in-person and remote learning environments as well as how families can incorporate precorrection into daily routines at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an urgent need for more Latinx students to pursue careers in STEM related fields as this has historically been an unserved population in schools. This mixed methods study examined the impact of a summer STEM pipeline program focused on hands-on chemistry concepts for 28 Latinx students in the 5th grade. Findings include statistically significant gains in Latinx students understanding of chemical reactions. Additionally, Latinx students noted increased content knowledge when taught through a constructivist hands on approach, an elevated interest in science, and an enthusiasm for learning about science concepts, thus promoting STEM based education for further career paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyse the integration of sex and gender (s/g) by ergonomics students during their internship at the master's degree level, following training sessions on s/g issues in the workplace. This exploratory research used a descriptive mixed-methods design, encompassing evaluation of students' intention to use the content from the training (n = 13 students), and a multiple case study (n = 5 ergonomics interventions). The results show that while students found the training relevant, they only minimally integrated s/g in their interventions and when they did, it was primarily from an anthropometric and physiological perspective. In addition to discussing the training format limitations, the article discusses barriers to this integration: combining learning about s/g issues with learning about activity analysis is challenging; employers' and workers' organisations may be reluctant to approach s/g issues; and it is difficult for an ergonomist to integrate these issues when the employer's request does not specify it. Practitioner summary: This article aims to analyse the integration of s/g by ergonomics students during their internships. Findings show that they only minimally considered s/g. The discussion examines s/g training, organisational obstacles to inclusion of s/g during interventions, and how ergonomists can consider s/g in their practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study connects to the term 'emotional labour', coined by [Hochschild, A. R. (1983) 2003. The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. 2nd ed. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press], and explores how skin and spa therapy students are constructed as emotional workers in learning processes surrounding the body. Drawing on a poststructural approach, inspired by Foucault, regularities of description and self-description were analysed in the material, which consist of interviews and field notes derived from observations of classroom interaction. The results show how student subjectivities are produced as a response to the presumption about body availability in the educational arrangements. It also shows how students are positioned and position themselves as emotional workers through three reoccurring issues surrounding the body; the body as a private sphere, the body as a place of pain, and disgusting peculiarities of the body. Here, struggling subjectivities emerge, striving to overcome the obstacles that the body might entail in becoming a professional. The participants self-position and are positioned as responsible concerning each other's' learning processes, making their bodies available for their classmates to practice on, communicating their thoughts and feelings as posing clients, developing their empathic abilities towards future clients. Thus, the participants are not only produced as emotional workers, but emotional students, pinpointing the necessity of educational research on emotional labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we present in-depth content knowledge required for preservice and practicing physical education teachers to teach korfball. We begin by describing knowledge of game rules, safety, etiquette, techniques, and tactics of korfball, which refers to common content knowledge (CCK) and continue with defining knowledge of student errors, instructional tasks, and representations. This refers to specialized content knowledge (SCK) that is essential for teachers to deliver meaningful learning experiences to students in physical education lessons. The article provides preservice and practicing physical education teachers with educationally rich examples to improve their teaching practices, thus promotes students' lifelong engagement in korfball. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systems thinking is challenging but clearly important in higher education to understand relationships between different elements influencing the quality and student learning and achievement. A similar challenge is found in healthcare, where patient safety activities are more and more seen and dealt with in a broader system perspective. A recognized and useful conceptual model employed in this area and relevant to complex sociotechnical systems, to identify interactions and outcomes of patient safety-related activities, is the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS). This is a model that can be used in healthcare for the identification of unintended effects when considering improvement initiatives. In this article, we question and discuss the rationale and applicability of the principles of this model in an educational context, for student focus instead of patient safety, to identify and understand interactions influencing learning. For example, we discuss the effect of student learning from exams, where the model can be used to identify and discuss different pros and cos related to the overall objective of achieving educational improvements. Based on the discussion, we claim that the principles of the SEIPS model serve well as a conceptual framework for analysing the benefits of educational efforts from a systems thinking perspective. A modified model, named STEQ, being well suited for the educational context, is presented in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is limited published research on medical students' perspectives of a significant interruption to their academic progression. This study sought to identify the factors that contribute to difficulties with academic progression and to understand how medical students successfully respond. This interpretive phenomenological study reports on the findings from in-depth interviews of 38 final year medical students who had experienced a significant academic interruption. The two superordinate themes were: the factors contributing to the interruption and their experience of the interruption. Factors identified as contributing to the interruption were: workload, learning in medicine, motivation for medicine, isolation, adapting to local culture, health and external factors. Their experience of the interruption focused on stages of working through the process: 'what happened,' 'how it felt,' 'managing the failure,' 'accepting the failure' and 'making some changes.' Each factor affected how the participants reacted and responded to the interruption. Regardless of the origins of the interruption, most reacted and responded in a comparable process, albeit with varying timespans. These reactions and responses were in a state of fluctuation. In order to succeed many stated they shifted their motivation from external to internal, in direct response to the interruption, resulting in changed learning behaviours. The process of working through an interruption to academic progression for students may benefit from a model of interval debriefing, restorative academic and personal development support. Facilitation of this process could enable students to face an interruption constructively rather than as an insurmountable emotionally burdensome barrier. Medical schools could utilise these findings to implement further support strategies to reduce the number of significant academic disruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes a Creative Place Making (CPM) academic course, devised as a platform for an interdisciplinary collaboration between students in the fields of art studies and social work. After presenting a brief background on interdisciplinary education and CPM, the article discusses the course work model and its implementation within a community setting, together with four main areas of learning identified in the course evaluation. The article concludes by discussing the potential that CPM courses create for promoting the interdisciplinary perspective in social work education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education institutions commonly prepare future healthcare workers to engage in increasingly complex, interprofessional healthcare environments through interprofessional education. Development of appropriate teamwork skills is complex and takes time. However, much of the research on student engagement with teamwork in higher education has been focused on the end goal of teamwork. This obscures the process of how students learn to work in interprofessional healthcare teams and in what ways, over time. The current study used an exploratory interpretive approach to obtaining students' experiences, perceptions and developing understanding of teamwork from the start of their undergraduate studies, through to completion of five semesters of group or teamwork projects. Through qualitative methodology, educators explored student experiences of teamwork, their focus at designated points of their undergraduate teamwork, and the meaning they attributed to being a member of a team. Student perceptions of successful teamwork developed over time to a positive and purposeful orientation toward teamwork, learner attributes that enhanced team function, and a growing awareness of how the assessment context affected team function. By mapping these processes of learning over time, educators can gain a clearer understanding of influences and experiences that impact on student learning in teamwork. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When stable and reliable practices were disrupted due to the global pandemic, university teachers were forced to promptly adapt. Through Q sorting and deliberative dialogues, this study reports how university teachers shifted their normative values concerning successful future learning environments during the first year of the pandemic. Results provide valuable insight into first-person accounts of lived experiences and suggest recommendations for the next phase of academic development, including a stronger focus on hybridity and student responsibility. In general, participants held more pedagogical discussions in times of crisis and emerged as more reflective practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical literacy is key in this heavily polarized information age for an informed and critical citizenry to make sense of arguments in the media and society. The responsibility of developing statistical literacy is often left to the K-12 mathematics curriculum. In this article, we discuss our investigation of K-8 students' current opportunities to learn statistics created by state mathematics standards. We analyze the standards for alignment to the Guidelines for the Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE II) PreK-12 report and summarize the conceptual themes that emerged. We found that while states provide K-8 students opportunities to analyze and interpret data, they do not offer many opportunities for students to engage in formulating questions and collecting/considering data. We discuss the implications of the findings for policy makers and researchers and provide recommendations for policy makers and standards writers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some college professors may be concerned about students' mathematics skills because they believe that their students lack the math skills required for career success and are anxious about math. For this Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) study, hospitality students were surveyed to explore their perceptions of and attitudes toward math. Findings indicated that students had higher math anxiety related to tests than to other math-related activities; their math test anxiety was related to their overall exam anxiety; if students perceived that they were good at math, they enjoyed math more, and the more students perceived that math was important to their careers, the more they enjoyed math; and the less students were anxious about math tests, the more they enjoyed math. Based on the findings, implications for teaching and learning are described, and ideas for future research are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phonetic transcription is an essential skill for a practising speech and language therapist (SLT) required during the assessment, diagnosis and management of clients with speech difficulties. It is vital that appropriate training is received by student SLTs to ensure that they carry out phonetic transcription accurately and reliably once out in the workplace. This study investigates the views and experiences of final year SLT students regarding the training in phonetic transcription they received in university, with the aim to identify what poses difficulties for them and what could be done to enhance their learning. Responses from 40 participants representing one cohort of SLT students, graduates of a particular year, were collected using an online questionnaire. The majority of the respondents consider phonetic transcription an important professional skill and plan on maintaining it after graduating. Learning phonetic transcription was easy/quite easy for 57% of the respondents; however, the confidence in transcription skills was rather low: 70% of them reported not being confident and fully equipped to enter the workforce with their transcription skills. The main difficulties were associated with narrow (impressionistic) transcription and transcription of disordered speech. 58% of the respondents found the teaching environment suitable; however, a recurring theme is the need for small-group tutorials during which the lecturers could provide feedback to individual students more efficiently. Participants' responses suggest that more clinically relevant transcription practice of disordered speech, the opportunity to refresh and apply phonetic transcription skills throughout the four-year curriculum and smaller group teaching would benefit their learning and enhance their confidence using transcription on placements and in the workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the integration of current neuroscience knowledge to classroom teaching, although many teachers rely on neuromyths to shape their pedagogies. Through a professional development approach, the learning study, we explored how teachers learned to apply neuroscience to teaching instruction. The teachers collaborated to design, enact and evaluate neuroscience-framed lessons as part of classroom research. Theories relating to neural plasticity, including the neural network hypothesis for memory and learning, hierarchical relational binding theory, and attention and awareness acted as the theoretical frame for the study. Borrowing phenomenographic methods, we drew on a variety of data sources to construct categories describing the teachers' engagement with neuroscience. Findings highlighted the pivotal role analogies played in the teachers' interpretation of neuroscience content and its application. Through the analogies of the 'rose', 'butcher on the bus', 'deepening the trenches', and 'walking the pathway', we illustrated how teacher learning manifested as the teachers' deepened understandings of knowledge construction, moving away from didactic forms of instruction and increasing the use of multiple modalities, and creating coherent student learning experiences. Findings suggest how neuroscience holds the potential to support teachers' development of theoretical coherence in their understandings of learning and pedagogy. Implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the role of student motivation and learning experiences in online course environments at the post- secondary level. We offer guidance for instructors to design online experiences that encourage students to learn actively, allowing them to persist at academic goals and get the most out of the material. In discussing relevant motivation theory and research, we address two questions: (1) What factors motivate post-secondary students to persist at academic goals; and (2) What online learning experiences promote student motivation and persistence? If online instruction fosters student motivation and concurrently equips them with strategies to succeed, students will be more likely to transfer learning strategies and productive work habits to future coursework and beyond. Taking teaching online can prepare students for success wherever their futures take them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment has become increasingly integral to college and university accreditation. While formal assessment has become more of a responsibility for instructors as related to their individual classes and assignments, program assessment is also at the center of these conversations. However, few guidelines and resources are being shared with regard to the formal assessment of program learning outcomes. Here, we detail a step-by-step process for conducting a formal assessment of a communication studies program. Specifically, we share our procedures, findings, and implications related to assessment of one communication studies program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty-six undergraduate students were required to complete a compulsory intergenerational service-learning subject that aims to develop them ability to communicate with elderly and apply essential principles to promote health in community setting. Students organized center activities or conducted home visits in nine weeks. A content analysis on students' reflective essay after the intergenerational service-learning subject was conducted to evaluate their personal growth and insights into elderly community health services. Results indicated that students were able to apply the skills of health promotion, show empathy, identify needs of elderly services and build community engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this integrative review was to analyse the usage of different virtual reality (VR) technologies in learning and user experiences (UXs) of these technologies in healthcare practice and education. The integrative review was conducted in spring 2019 by searching eight international databases. The searches retrieved n = 26 original articles that were quality checked and included for the review. Three different VR technologies used in the field of healthcare education and practice were identified: haptic device simulators, computer-based simulations and head-mounted displays (HMDs). The haptic simulators were the most often used, whereas the HMD devices were the least-used technology in the field of healthcare. In immersive virtual environments, UX includes ten components. Most of the components were observed in the context of haptic devices and HMD devices, with all ten components being observed with the HMD devices. Almost all of the components were rated as positive. In conclusion, the development of VR technology has enabled the creation of the most comprehensive UXs, thus enhancing skill development, enabling remote access to training and, ultimately, improving patient safety. This review is important as it highlights the need for far more UX research within immersive virtual environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

College educators may have concerns about the reading habits of their students in general and within disciplines, and may wish to understand more about their students' reading habits. Therefore, this Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) study investigated students' perceptions of their own reading habits; 124 surveys were collected from hospitality and tourism students at a university in the southeastern United States. Students at higher levels reported reading more than others, grade point average was related to reading, and several themes connected to their reading habits were identified. Based on the results of the study, implications are discussed, strategies for encouraging reading are provided, and further research is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses two interview assignments used in a class on political representation. Instructor observations, as well as student-provided survey data, indicate the assignment was a successful learning tool. Students who provided feedback on the assignment reported high levels of enjoyment and learning. Moreover, students reported higher levels of social-political capital and many students made professional connections through the assignment. The article concludes with a discussion of the utility of this assignment, as well as potential barriers to implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical education research focuses on the development of efficient learning methods promoting the acquisition of student's knowledge and competencies. Evaluation of any modification of educational approaches needs to be evaluated accordingly and a reliable effect size needs to be reached. Our aim is to provide a methodological basis to calculate effect sizes from longitudinal progress test data that can be used as reference values in further research. We used longitudinally collected progress test data and evaluated the increasing knowledge of medical students from the first to the fifth academic year. Students were asked to participate in the progress test, which consists of 200 multiple-choice questions in single best answer format with an additional 'don't know' option. All available individual test scores of all progress tests (n = 10) administered between April 2012 and October 2017 were analyzed. Due to the large amount of missing test results, e.g., from students at the beginning of their studies, a linear mixed model was fitted to include all collected data. In total, we analyzed 6324 test scores provided by 2587 medical students. Mean score for medical knowledge (% correct answers) increases from 16.6% (SD: 10.8%) to 51.0% (SD: 15.7%, overall effects size using linear mixed models d = 1.55). Medical students showed a learning effect of d = 0.54 (total gain: 6.9%) between the 1st and 2nd, d = 0.88 (total gain: 12.0%) between the 2nd and 3rd, d = 0.60 (total gain: 7.9%) between the 3rd and 4th and d = 0.58 (total gain: 7.9%) between the 4th and 5th study year. We demonstrated that incomplete data from longitudinally collected progress tests can be used to acquire reliable effect size estimates. The demonstrated effects size between d = 0.53–0.9 by study year may help researchers to design studies in medical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to explore adolescents' experiences with participation in a sexual health education programme named «Week 6», from a health-promotion perspective. Six focus group interviews were conducted with adolescents aged 15–16 in Norway. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data material. The results can be summed up by the main theme: "We like «Week 6» but ... we expected more about sex in the sex week". The main theme consisted of two main analysis-derived themes: "The students want a topical sexual health education, with realistic and relevant learning subjects and exercises", and "The students want to contribute to the content and implementation, in order to improve the learning outcomes of «Week 6»". Further, four categories were identified: organization and content, positive experiences, the potential for improvement, and learning outcome. «Week 6» is desirable, but students expect to learn more. Teaching should have a positive approach, and adolescents do not want their educators to get embarrassed. Although the teaching methods with active participation are enjoyable, it is necessary with more time for discussions and questions. Student participation in planning and implementation of the programme seems crucial for promoting salutogenic teaching processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that research-based instructional practices make a difference for students, but simply tells faculty to adopt them does not foster lasting changes in teaching practice. Topics include examines that model can be effective when it provides adequate time for reflection and is framed around student learning, not teaching and provides coordinating guidance for faculty pairs.

This study identifies significant differences between the learning approaches of mature and 'conventional' students, answering the call for more empirical insights into mature students' learning experiences. The study uses a survey approach, collecting data with the Biggs SPQ Instrument, involving 204 university students in Ghana, and applies various statistical analyses to test for significant differences in mean responses. The results of the study confirm the preference for deep and strategic learning among mature students, but departs from the existing empirical finding, albeit fast-evolving, that conventional students prefer surface learning. It will seem, that the growing relevance of intrinsic motivational reasons for academic pursuit even among conventional students, perhaps due to the reality of non-existing jobs after graduation, has shifted students' motivations with subsequent effects on the approaches to learning. Another reason could be the visible efforts by higher education institutions to improve students' study experience and engage them in developing higher-order cognitive skills. Therefore, even though prior life experiences impact learning approaches, current and future contextual estimations by students also affect their current actions. This is the first application of a dataset from Ghana to the study of learning approaches and also the highest known reliability score for surface approaches using the SPQ instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the role of faculty in fostering intergenerational learning. Specifically, it 1) describes how faculty perceive the engagement between older auditors and traditional students within a multigenerational classroom, 2) looks at the role faculty play in fostering engagement between the generations, 3) determines whether or not intergenerational learning is taking place, and 4) identifies areas of need in order to facilitate intergenerational learning. Using an online survey we collected data from 14 of the 15 faculty who participated in an older adult auditing program at a state college. Data analysis revealed that faculty members expected benefits from including older adults in their classroom, and then reported positive experiences, yet they themselves did not change their teaching style to facilitate intergenerational learning. Faculty appear to have assumed that by having a multigenerational class, intergenerational learning would naturally take place. The implication for institutes of higher education is that they need to help prepare faculty to understand the unique role that they play in fostering intergenerational learning in a multigenerational class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well accepted that not only the ability but also the positive disposition of teachers towards implementing differentiated teaching for various student groups can be traced back to their initial education. Therefore, differentiated practices of future teachers for high-achieving students are worth exploring. Based on the above, the purpose of the current study is to explore the practices and reflection of future teachers on differentiated teaching for high-achieving students. The participants (N = 142) were undergraduate students of a Greek university, who, during a six-month compulsory practicum course, planned and implemented in schools a two-hour-long differentiated course. In particular, their differentiated teaching strategies used for high-achieving students were investigated, as well as their reflection on the effectiveness of these strategies. Data were collected through the participants' responses to the course's open-ended evaluation form. Data were analysed on a mixed-methods basis (quantitative and qualitative) by two independent raters. Main findings have shown that the participants differentiated mainly the process of teaching according to their students' learning readiness. Specifically, they provided less or lack of support for their high-achieving students, creating activities with a higher level of difficulty as well as activities that activated higher-order thinking skills. Finally, they believe that their strategies mostly affected their students' learning/cognitive domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]