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This paper is the product of doctoral research and aims to introduce the discussion and analysis of Ubuntu and traditional African philosophy as a contribution to thinking about the fragmentation of democracy in Latin America, giving way to the role that African movements and organizations have in assuming a political and ethical struggle to build a relational democracy as a necessary proposal to the crisis of liberal democracy. The methodology consists of a bibliographic review of literature and intellectuals from the social sciences and African thought to highlight a trend that is not only framed in the questioning of the democratic model in force in Latin America, but also provides some clues for the construction of a community society project in the region, based on relational ontology. It concludes that, in the crisis of the Western political model, the struggles of Afro-descendant movements must transcend the logic of strengthening liberal democracy, to propose the ethical path of Ubuntu as a route to deconstruct the political and societal structures in place, promoting a message of humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the life and social experience of low-income people in Brazil, based on a theory of social bonds. The material consists of a set of twenty qualitative interviews with people earning up to one minimum-wage per month. The interviews last, on average, two hours and were undertaken by the National Institute for Applied Economic Research [IPEA] (2016), in a nation-wide qualitative survey about social inequality and life conditions. The material was content analyzed considering four categories of social bond: the lineal bond, the elective participation bond, the organic participation and the citizenship bond. The results show that organic participation, along with lineal bond, play a key, albeit ambivalent role. On the other hand, citizenship bond is mostly characterized by experiences of misrecognition and lack of protection. Elective participation bonds are barely resourceful, yet they play an important role in individual attempts to fight poverty. The consequences for the relationship between social inequality and social regulation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to make a small revision of the literature on rural domestic animals and wild ones in Brazilian cities from the perspective of an anthropology of human-animal relations. To this, we add some new ethnographic data, collected individually or together, which aim to cast a light on the idea of a city set apart from the 'natural world', as if there were no entanglements and intersections between humans and the wild fauna in contemporary cities. We want to believe that the animal life is also part of the urban landscapes, and that we build together these landscapes with multiple more-than-humans ecologies in an urban context. In this sense, the cities present themselves as the lace of an oykos of interactions and living with the urban fauna (domesticated, tamed or wild), and also with the flora (also domesticated, tamed and wild), along with other organisms in an ecological context that produces plural environments, instead of cities that onli mean the place of the anthropos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyze the Brazilian essayism through the category of modern chronotope and reflect upon the theoretical junction between imaginative cartography and figuration as interpretative axes of essayism and Brazilian social thought as an example of peripheral intellectual experience, highlighting the multiple paths and interpretations of Modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to most introductions and textbooks in the philosophy of science, the main goal of this research field is to describe the methods and principles that are implicit in the practice of science. I will argue in this programmatic paper that such "descriptivist" account of philosophy of science is mistaken. The perspective to be defended relies mainly in the analysis of a paradigmatic case of analysis in the philosophy of science: the so called Deductive-Nomological Model of scientific explanation, which was proposed by Stuart Mill in the mid-19th century and endorsed in the last century by authors as Hempel and Oppenheim. As will become clear, two different (and potentially conflicting) goals guided the search of an analysis of the concept of explanation by these authors: to find a materially plausible account of the concept of explanation and to give an account of the concept compatible with their empiricist assumptions. By doing this, their endeavor is far from being descriptive and it can be compared to the solving of a puzzle. The paper explores also some of the consequences that follow from conceiving philosophy of science as puzzle-solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews two of the close relationships that can be established between the philosophy of science and the didactics of experimental sciences. For this purpose, I analyze, on the one hand, the way in which using metatheoretical tools (mainly coming from the philosophy of science) it is possible to understand and support the process of construction of school scientific models, those constituents of the so-called 'school science'; and, on the other hand, I review how teaching processes are developed not only in the levels of science teaching usually recognized (primary, secondary or university), but also in the processes of scientific change. In this way, the first part of the paper postulates a possible field of specific epistemological reflections that take as an object of study the construction of school scientific models, which could suggest a special field of work within the philosophy of science: 'the philosophy of school science'. And, in the second part, the existence of a 'level of scientific teaching' centered on the dynamics of comparison of rival theories, referred to the teaching processes (and not mere communication) carried out by scientists in the so-called 'periods of crisis and revolution'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assuming that contemporaneity has brought about numerous continuities and discontinuities, it is undeniable that technology is increasingly omnipresent, even mediating social relationships. In this paper, discuss how dating applications (apps) further enhance the existing economy of bodies through technological mediation. This economy is based on a device incorporated by the apps that incorporates a mercantile structure to facilitate interactions. Data obtained from two investigations conducted among users of gay dating apps in Belo Horizonte and Fortaleza cities through approximations and cross-referencing suggest that an economic context is institutionalized, in which interactions operate on a market-based system, ratifying and sometimes challenging concepts such as scarcity, price, supply, demand etc. The non-material condition accelerates interactions, making the use of algorithms and defined scripts a predictable element of negotiation between users who need to be clear and direct in order to get what they want. The main findings suggest that gay dating apps mediate users who take a calculating perspective on searches to maintain some form of interaction with those they desire, a process that reflects a market dynamic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we will argue that, while Big Data enthusiasts imply that the analysis of massive data sets can produce serendipitous (that is, unexpected and fortunate) discoveries, the way those models are currently designed not only does not create serendipity so easily but also frequently generates zemblanitous (that is, expected and unfortunate) findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we discuss the role played by abductive reasoning and admirableness in the creative processes in the Big Data era. The conceptions of creativity, in the mechanistic and antimechanistic scope, are introduced by means of examples in the domain of photographic production, as is the case of Maureen Bisilliat (1995) and Nan Goldin (2012) works. As our investigation is essentially theoretical and interdisciplinary, it is mainly based on the literature on the concepts of creativity, abductive reasoning, and admirableness; it is grounded in different areas of knowledge, including Pragmatism, Literature, Visual arts and the Philosophy of Information. We discuss the limitations of mechanistic conceptions of creativity, arguing in defense of the hypothesis that creative action is not strictly related to the created object, but to a long collaborative process between agents that will assist (directly or indirectly) in the production of artistic works. In the conclusion, the role of emotions is highlighted in the dynamics of the creative/abductive process, as proclaimed by Charles Sanders Peirce (1958). Inspired by this author, we emphasize the role of admirableness in the process of creation - understood here as a feeling that encourages us to investigate and get to know the objects that attract our attention, without the desire for controlling them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attempts of government in eradicating poverty are always based on a government's view of what rural dwellers need. Without the rural dwellers themselves assessing their level of poverty, ascertaining their coping strategies and their needs for poverty alleviation; the desired goal of a government in reducing poverty cannot be achieved. This paper thus examined the perception of rural dwellers on coping and alleviating strategies of poverty in rural areas of Ayedaade local government area, Osun State. Questionnaires were administered to three hundred and sixty-eight household heads who were selected across the twenty-five villages in five rural wards of the study area. Poverty was assessed based on the perception of residents. Data were analysed using percentage distribution and Geographical Information System technique. The result of the findings reveals that 57.9% reported themselves as being poor. Poverty based on residents' perception was denser in the southern part than in the northern part of the study area. Hardworking (25.5%) and gathering of the remnant fruits (23.1%) were the most adopting coping strategies in the area. Residents identified provision of infrastructure (54.7%) and financial assistance (18.2%) as crucial poverty alleviating strategies. The study concluded that the dividend of democracy can only be effective if a government considers the perceptions of rural residents in planning and provision for poverty alleviation in rural areas. This study recommends that the government should consider the residents' perception in planning and execution of poverty alleviation in their areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I argue that causal theories of memory are typically committed to two independent, non-mutually entailing theses. The first thesis pertains to the necessity of appropriate causation in memory, specifying a condition token memories need to satisfy. The second pertains to the explanation of memory reliability in causal terms, and it concerns memory as a type of mental state. Postcausal theories of memory can reject only the first (weak post-causalism) or both (strong post-causalism) theses. Upon this backdrop, I examine Werning's (2020) causalist argument from probabilistic correlation. I argue that it doesn't establish the necessity of appropriate causation, and thus it can only target strong post-causalist theories. I end up by presenting some general considerations, suggesting that memories may not always be causally linked to past experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I begin to explore what a naïve realist might say about the phenomenology of episodic memory. I start by arguing that, when it comes to accounting for the phenomenology of memory experiences, there are two primary options available to the naïve realist: to treat memory phenomenology along the same lines as perceptual phenomenology - as involving phenomenal character that is grounded in acquaintance with the external environment - or to treat memory as lacking such acquaintance-based phenomenal character, and then attempting to account for there being something it is like to remember as being somehow inherited from cases that do have phenomenal character. I then explore the prospects of providing an account of the phenomenology of episodic memory in both ways, before tentatively coming down in favour of the latter approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate about the necessary involvement of any form of self-consciousness in conscious experience has recently shifted its focus to the question of whether there are totally selfless states of consciousness (TSSC). The primary source of evidence for the existence of TSSC is the subjective reports from subjects who either are currently undergoing or have undergone altered experiences such as druginduced ego dissolution. While the subjective reports are made largely after the occurrence of the experience, such reports have been challenged on the basis that one cannot coherently report about TSSC from one's own, autobiographical memory. This paper addresses this issue regarding TSSC from the perspective of memory study. The aim is to examine whether and how it is possible for a subject to report a past TSSC based on her own memory without being considered as confabulating or misremembering. Such an examination can provide potential explanations for how a person reports a past experience of TSSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines some key places in G. Vico's work, De antiquissima Italorum sapientia ex linguae latinae originibus eruenda (1710), in which the distinction between physics and metaphysics is never transformed into absolute distance, just as the heterogeneity of the infinite with respect to the finite is not dissolved. This is the great theme of the new metaphysics, concerned with reconciling itself with 'our religion', Christianity, and the limits of human reason in controversy with 'the first true meditated by Renato Descartes'. Man is not only the meeting point of nature and spirit but also the place of evil, of original sin, and yet vis veri, according to Augustine's lesson that helps correct Malebranche. The theoretical novelty lies in the assimilation of the ingenious faculty to the formative forces (memory, imagination and fantasy) capable of carrying out synthetic operations, devalued by Cartesian gnoseology and psychology. If the verum is the factum, the latter is the fruit of 'fictiones', i.e. of mental constructions made by the ingenium and its 'eye', the 'phantasy', capable of referring the metaphysical prototype of the divine truth to human operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to demonstrate the presence of a political virtue (plannings, strategy) in contrast with the political ignorance of trusting in aleatory (to make it simple, just luck). However, united by history, we are going to do that through the lens of two goddess (Niké and Fortune) and their artistic representations in the city of Brussels. In order to do that, we present some emblematic places of Brussels where the fight between these two goddesses became a perfect metaphor for the debates around their characteristics in the political scenario. Combining these statues and the political qualities of the goddesses with Brussels' history of invasions, urban planning and changing of powers. In order to allude to this debate in the tradition of philosophy, we briefly mention some philosophers as Maquiavel, and Seneca. In this cases, we observe how the goddesses' statues dialogue with virtues that these two philosophers reflected upon. For instance, Maquiavel gives to the prince a recommendations to accept, but to do not trust in the gifts of the goddess Fortune. The prince, if he wants to keep its power, should look for planning, order, knowledge. We conclude by saying that Brussels learned its lessons after some invasions and defeats, as the Nine Years's war, and the city exhibits these marks thorough to honours to the goddess of victory Niké. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate how Anthony's Down issue-attention cycle, proposed in 1972, can contribute to the current debate regarding the tripartite politics-media-environment. In order to achieve the proposed objectives of articulating a revision of the issue attention cycle theory and of ascertaining the pertinence of the cycle with regard to the media attention given to ecological issues in this century, this paper unfolds in three parts, starting with the revision of the original work of Downs, followed by a national and international literature review, ending with a proposal for a rereading of the 'cycle'. In the end, it is hoped that this research will contribute to the consolidation of an environmental concern effectively policy, aimed at our common future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophy of Science became an autonomous discipline in approximately 1922 giving rise to the Vienna Circle. The main purpose was to define precisely the concept of 'science' in order to be able to decide univocally which manifestations of human thought should be considered scientific and which others should be excluded to the plane of pseudoscience. With regard to psychology, North American behaviorism agreed with the basic stances of the Vienna Circle, giving a central value to experiments and controlled observations. In concern to Psychoanalysis, the Argentine philosopher Mario Bunge suggested that "[...] it is the most interesting and successful of the pseudosciences [...]" (Bunge & Ardila, 2002, p. 122), assuming a concept of traditional 'science' that is deeply embedded in the social imaginary of western culture. In Latin American faculties of Psychology certain social representations are constantly widespreading, probably inspired by the deficient traditional teaching of philosophy of science at high school and universities too. In this paper we will try to settle down the grounds to develop a philosophical-pedagogical project in order to achieve a superior proposal for the teaching of Philosophy of Science in the career of Psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we investigate if sentences presented as the result of the application of statistical models and artificial intelligence to large volumes of data - the so-called 'Big Data' - can be characterized as semantically true, or as quasi-true, or even if such sentences can only be characterized as probably quasifalse and, in a certain way, post-true; that is, if, in the context of Big Data, the representation of a data domain can be configured as a total structure, or as a partial structure provided with a set of sentences assumed to be true, or if such representation cannot be configured as a partial structure provided with a set of sentences assumed to be true. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The touch, smell, sound, and visual signals can evoke indexical modes of secondary thoughts in the speaker's mind. In this paper, we will present some points of view that demonstrative linguistic elements have a multiple nature of contextual surroundings and, among the multiplicity of natures, the memory, which involves a demonstrative mode of presentation of the previous situation. The question reflected into discussion is the following: How previous situation of the autobiographical texts is constructed if demonstrative signals are structurally invisible in the textuality? Considering this principle, the demonstrative signals seem to be linked to as the physical as the psychic field, but still relatively distant from the conscious personal spatial experience of the addresser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to analyze technological advances in the manufacturing industry of the State of Paraná from the 2000s. The paper argues that technological advances were decisive for changes in the manufacturing industry from the 2000s. The theoretical framework employed was the Schumpeterian approach about innovation, and its impacts on the representativeness of each group of technological intensity. As methodological procedure, we used the collection of data on added value, employment, research and development, which were organized in tables and graphs for analysis. The results showed that the group which has the largest market share is the low technological intensity, between 2000 and 2012, because of the importance of the primary sector. This group is composed of the sectors of food and beverage, wood and furniture, paper and cellulose. There was also increased representation of the added value of the medium-high technological intensity group, which raised its market share in the period. In fact, highlighting the industry of automotive vehicles, trailers and semitrailers, the sector that contributed most to the transformations occurred in the State of Paraná. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to point out the limits of 'radical change' thesis in Marx's thought. According to this view, there would be a 'unilinear' and teleological conception of history in his period of youth. However, for some authors, at some point in his theoretical evolution from 1850's, Marx would break with this position and formulated a multilinear view of history. From a critical revision, it is intended to point the limits of this thesis from the analysis of Marx's theory of history that was already in consolidation in the 1840's. More precisely, in the texts The german ideology (1845-46) and Poverty of philosophy (1847), we can see that Marx's theoretical works of the mid-1840's is precisely against a philosophy of history, pointing limitations for the idea of 'radical change' in the theory of history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sovereignty is a founding principle of international relations. It shapes the way states address the various topics of the international political agenda. The approach to some issues, though, must be reconsidered, lest sovereignty may impose limits down on their management. The forests are one such topic. It is impossible to restrict the ecological benefits that they generate to the borders of a nation, to the same extent that the damages caused by forest devastation will affect the whole world. The Amazon, which has a major role in bringing balance to planet Earth, should not be claimed as the property of only few countries. Indeed, since the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, in Stockholm, 1972, international society has been trying to make environmental governance more uniform and cohesive. State institutions and legislations have been influenced by this trend, what can be observed in the Forestry Codes of Brazil and France, two Amazon states themselves. This paper's goal is to compare the degree of internationalization attained by environmental legislations in the Amazon territories of Brazil and France - in French Guiana. For this, the comparative-historical analysis and document analysis are adopted, the research being descriptive and explanatory. In the end, it is possible to draw the conclusion that both countries, to varying degrees, have been shaping into the international environmental regime and that French law is the one that is closer to treating the Amazon as a global good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present the result from an analysis of the relation between meaning effects and memory effects in documents from the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), and we also discuss the image this Congregation produces of itself through its documentation. Therefore, we started from the concept of Discourse Memory, which is linked to the French School of Discourse Analysis (AD), especially concerning Michel Pêcheux works and the notion of ethos, as presented by Dominique Maingueneau (2008). Based on this theoretical-methodological framework, we analyzed the materialization of a discourse memory in the documentation from CDF. Such memory starts working in the relation with the actuality, and then, constituting a discursive event, through a game of resumptions and reconfigurations related to the modus operandi from the Inquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at mapping and qualitative analysis of Brazilian scientific productions in the Human and Social Sciences on the leisure of the elderly, between the years 1994 and 2015. In order to do that, were adopted the procedures of the 'state of the art' researches, complemented by the content analysis methodologic. The access to the productions for the constitution of the documental set was based on the consultation of the databases Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) and Portal de Periódicos CAPES/MEC of the following indexed terms: 'lazer idosos', 'lazer terceira idade' e 'lazer velhos', with search variations to the female gender. In all, eight papers were analyzed, where it was found that the researches in the Human and Social Sciences on elderly leisure are still incipient, compared to the Health Sciences, and were developed predominantly in the Southeast region and in the Tourism and Psychology fields. Regarding the methodological structure, there is no predominance between quantitative and qualitative research and the main research instrument in both are the questionnaires, not having predominant analytical method. Finally, about the theoretical aspects, the analysis showed the low priority of the authors in developing the concepts of leisure and old age/old people/elderly, taking these categories as if they were given or were not in constant process of transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The free exchange, trade or catira is still an important form of circulation of goods in various communities of Brazil. However, its practitioners and all practical knowledge are still marginalized in management studies, under the justification that these practitioners would be amateurs, devoid of rationality and technical knowledge. This paper analyzes the identity construction of Brazilian catireiros to understand what types of rationality guide their trading practices. To this end, we interviewed 31 traders currently residing in Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba regions, and the data collected were analyzed through French Discourse Analysis. The research pointed out that catireiros initially sought to identify and distinguish themselves from others using nouns, hence demonstrating who they are. Subsequently, the respondents used verbs that characterize their everyday catira practices, hence demonstrating what they are. In this sense, actions such as establishing contacts, getting to know people, negotiating, and understanding the market are some practices that constitute, (re)construct, and materialize the daily identities of such workers. It is also important to highlight that catireiros can also exercise different types of rationalities in different social contexts and although many have not achieved higher education, they should not have their trading practices delegitimized by the academia, since it is from these practices that they live, raise their families, and expand their business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper has the objective of analyzing students' conceptions about the supervised curricular internship in the Licentiate degree in Rural Education with qualification in Arts and Music, at the Federal University of Tocantins, Campus Tocantinópolis, Brazil. We also propose with this text to address the historical and pedagogical aspects of this course, as well as to discuss the importance of the Internship for the educators' training of to work in countryside schools. This case study was based on the qualitative approach, with documentary research and semi structured interviews with students of this course as data collection instruments. The type of data analysis - theoretical and empirical - followed the perspective of the interpretative research technique. The results demonstrated that in order to overcome the challenges faced by students and teachers of the Licentiate degree in Rural Education with qualification in Arts and Music of UFT in Tocantinópolis, demands elaborating a proposal of joint training between the training institutions and the school, in the sense to guarantee actions that will attend the various subjects, especially those of the Rural Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Burnout Syndrome is a response to the daily chronic stress and includes emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional satisfaction. The most commonly affected professionals are those with direct contact with the public, as teachers, for instance. This paper aimed to analyze works about the burnout syndrome on third-level education. The databases consulted were the Scielo, Lilacs, PubMed and PsycINFO, and the keywords used were emotional tiredness; teacher; occupational stress and quality of work life. We selected 15 published in 2011 at 2015. Prevalence studies were predominant, with rates around 19%. The psychological factors related to the modulation of the syndrome were prolonged stress, neuroticism and depression, with negative impacts on well-being. Satisfaction with life, self-efficacy, and engagement at work acted as positive modulators. Concluded that recognizing the life conditions related to the syndrome helps in the development of new investigations and in the planning of preventive and therapeutic interventions, taking care of the physical and emotional well-being of the higher education teacher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the discourse analysis capabilities within a Foucault's perspective as an analytical and critical tool next to the field of educational policies. The article first undertakes a brief contextualization about the ways used by Foucault to materialize his methodological proposal, followed by the presentation of some essential notions of the author regarding the discourse analysis. Subsequently, we seek to articulate the philosopher's thinking around objects related to educational policies, taking as an example, the notion of 'educational quality', assumed here as the axis of a series of strong political discourses and practices in contemporary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to revisit the theory of the gift, however, not restricted to a reanalysis of data brought for Mauss on The Gift. We aim here to discuss the possibilities of interpretation introduced by Bourdieu's work from two aspects: a) understanding the tripartite obligation of 'giving-receiving-return' from the theoretical background of the French sociologist, understanding this as a predisposition socially constructed; b) the specific interpretation that the author builds on the gift in an effort to uncover its mystery, which is in line with the stance of epistemological rupture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the gender pay gap in the Brazilian public sector between 2002 and 2015. Blinder-Oaxaca methodology is applied to decompose the wage gap in the part explained by measurable characteristics - such as differences in workers' productive endowments or in their occupational distribution - and a residual component, caused by different returns to these characteristics. The decomposition is applied to all PNAD between 2002 and 2015, but it is discussed in more detail for 2015. For this year a non-parametric alternative proposed by Ñopo (2008) is also applied. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition shows that the share of the residual component in the wage gap increased from 45.3% in 2002 to 55.5% in 2015. Ñopo technique indicates that about 54% of the wage gap cannot be attributed to differences in the distributions of individuals' characteristics, but rather to the unexplained fraction, in 2015. Thus, even controlling for observable characteristics of the labor force, there remains a gender wage gap, whose size suffered no reduction during the analysis period. The most important factors in explaining such difference are age and weekly working hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the economic actors in the Amazonian deforestation in the State of Acre, Brazil. After a discussion on deforestation causes and its impacts, we propose a development strategy built on forest conservation, as the conservation of the Amazon biome. We conclude that environmental services can be an income-generating alternative for local populations, thereby contributing to the economic development of the State, in accordance with the principles of social equity and environmental protection, especially in new economic sectors, which are related to increased deforestation rate, however, the opportunity costs of these services are higher than those of cattle ranching. To get at this conclusion, it was estimated a linear model by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) with the annual deforestation rate of the State of Acre between 2000 and 2011 as a dependent variable according to participation of primary sectors; the estimated results indicate the cattle ranching, among others economic activities, as the main cause of deforestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to show that Vico cannot be considered an orthodox-catholic thinker of liber arbitrium indifferentiae. Being distinct from sacred history (that of the Jews), secular history can be openly and unapologetically investigated. The 'new science' investigates the laws, constants, and regularities of the 'common nature of nations' and does so neither appealing to God's interventions nor to any idea of human will as unconditioned and transparent. On these grounds, providence is the 'unexpected' logic of events, the divergence between the narrow scope of human intentions and the 'wider' consequences of their actions, either powerful or disastrous. Providence (the 'queen') is 'ordinary help' and leaves it up to man (the 'blacksmith') the burden to understand the meaning and aims of his own actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I intend to present some aspects of the opposition between Samuel Clarke and Anthony Collins concerning freewill. After considering some reasons on which Collins determinism is founded, I shall analyze how Clarke's concept of agency grounds his criticisms of the materialism of modern philosophy, mainly that of determinists such as Collins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes Anselm of Canterbury's solution to the deep ethical issue on the harmony of God's foreknowledge with human freedom. Structured within the framework of a medieval quaestio, the dialectic reflection of the Benedictine monk from Bec acknowledges that future events happen necessarily, whereas free-will fails to act by necessity. Anselm acknowledges the power of free-will within God's perspective and confirms God's providential design derived from his eternal wisdom. Human acts are free because God knows them beforehand and predestines them as such. He does not want that humans be forced or moved by any necessity. The discussion was analyzed in Anselm s last theological work called The Harmony of Foreknowledge, Predestination and the Grace of God with Free Choice, written in 1103. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper is a section of a larger research work to analyze the constructed dialogues among teachers in/about continuous virtual formation. Indigenous teachers from the Terena ethnicity and professors/students researchers belonging to a private University in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, make up the participating research group. Continuous education started some two years ago in the classroom and on the web. Exchanges made on the social network Facebook are focused in current paper. It should be underscored that dialogues are not always characterized by agreements and consensus, but by differences, resistance, reflections, constructions and deconstructions. They are the wealth of an intercultural group since chaos and disequilibrium may be understood as a critical perspective of the (re)constructing of other possibilities of knowledge. Data show the necessity for researchers to listening more, to being influenced by surrounding factors whilst, at the same time, others are affected. Besides, the importance of understanding established meanings with regard to continuous education as provisional and unfinished, in permanent movement, should be foregrounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collective identity has, as main references, various 'sites of memory' that are not only mental constructions, but also physical places related to the collective common space, shared by a community -- the city. The transformations occur at the level of cityscape, transformations that have as their object the sites of memory, and determine a series of modifications at the level of the collective narrative identity. This paper explores a range of political changes imposed at the cityscape level, approaching different aspects of the processes involved. Presenting some relevant concepts in order to sustain the theoretical frame of the research, in its second part the paper focuses on the complex relation between memory, narrative identity, city and political power, revealing the dynamics of this relation and of the representation of the sites of memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes nobility in the modern period from the perspective of the overseas dominions. A short introduction on the landed nobility in the Captaincy of Goiás in the eighteenth century is forwarded as an example of our research. The paper is divided into two parts: the first part deals with the concept of nobility during the medieval period and simultaneously the transformations which occurred within the nobility in modern times; the second part shows the nobility of the Captaincy of Goiás from the perspective of overseas dominions. In other words, the possibility of creating a group of typical noble people overseas and the dynamics which resulted from the colonization process are discussed. Therefore, the article investigates the statute of the Portuguese nobility and its repercussions in mining areas which disrupted the stigma of people born outside Portugal and established privileges for services rendered in the hinterland of State Goiás. The above foregrounded a new social basis in the late 18th century and in the beginning of the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a theoretical essay that discusses social technologies in the brazilian context, with the Theory of Possibility of Guerreiro Ramos as the basis. From the perspective of Guerreiro Ramos on the need to establish a substantive rationality for society, this paper highlights how strategic it is to consider social technologies as objective possibilities in the construction of public policies in Brazil. For that, the Theory P and Theory N, used by Zwick, Teixeira, Pereira and Vilas Boas (2012), were used to contextualize the brazilian public administration, its relations with TS, and Guerreiro Ramos's arguments about the various rationalities employed in public management, which the authors call the Tupiniquim Public Administration. Therefore, the work emphasizes that the Tupiniquim Public Administration brought in its conception of emergence, ascent and consolidation, TS as an instrumental basis for its realization, loaded at the same time with subjective values and inherent in brazilian culture. In addition, it concludes that the specificity of brazilian management demanded specific forms also of technological development, where the new technologies have the same character of management hybridity, in an interface between the instrumental and substantive rationalities of the Tupiniquim administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents conceptual and historical aspects about microcredit. Given that, credit markets are imperfect with market failure and credit rationing, limiting the access of the poor. Despite the microfinance growth, critics accuse it of not being effective in overcoming poverty. In Brazil microcredit programs emerged from grassroots initiatives and actions of public policy, especially with the introduction of the Oriented Productive Microcredit Program, in 2005. This work found some difficulty on banking services access, in general, such problem is known as banking exclusion. The poorest and isolated people are those who are most affected, given a strong correlation between the absence of banking credit and poverty in Brazil. The correspondent bank did not solve this problem because, despite offering the most essential banking services they are not able to provide microcredit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the growth of the corn exportations in Brazil, for the period between 2002 and 2012, with a view to decompose their sources of growth. For this, we used the Constant Market Share model for the main products of this complex, whose purpose was to verify the competitiveness of products against the international market. The results show the growing participation of Brazilian complex corn exports in the world market, especially in the corn grains market. Regarding the sources of growth, it is clear that competitiveness was the effect that contributed most to the growth of exports. Moreover, world trade growth also held power of another significant part of the explanation increases in Brazilian exports of corn. Thus, this study highlights the growing participation of Brazil in world trade in corn, which emphasizes the need for formulation of public and/or private policies to assist in the development of infrastructure and commercialization inherent in the grain market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose to analyze the relationship established by Fernando Novais with Caio Prado regarding the studies about the colonization. Putting himself as his disciple, Novais exposes his conception of colonization as a deepening means and a way to overcome the way by which the author of Formação do Brasil contemporâneo understood the colonial phenomenon. This way of putting this relationship has been accepted by both the critics and supporters of Novais, thus acquiring certainty of truth. We show in this paper that by rooting his conception of colonization in Prado's conception, Novais conceived him in a particular way: as an historian of the 'sense of colonization'. The analysis of Prado's concept of colonization shows, however, that this is part of his interpretation of the history of Brazil, as a whole. It follows that we can't isolate one from the other without disturbing the comprehension of Prado's conception. The result of our text is thus retaking the Prado's conception in its historicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The region of the Quarta Colônia celebrated, since 1975, the Italian Immigration Centennial celebrations in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. For these festivities, each locality has prepared activities such as church services, parades, dinners, and lunches. Furthermore, in order to disclose the immigration process, Priest Luiz Sponchiado - parish priest of the municipality of Nova Palma - produced the chronicles of colonization to report the daily lives of Italian immigrants in that colonial region. This paper seeks to understand the speech spread about the Italian immigration in the festivities of one hundred years of Italian immigration in the Quarta Colônia, through the chronicles of colonization. The content of that material will be analyzed to understand the discourse about the immigration process in the region of the Quarta Colônia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a theoretical discussion of the commuter issue of the population from the perspective of the theory of development and growth poles. The transformations and urban expansion occurred as new forms of housing, changes in family composition and women entering the labor market are important elements for the interpretation of demographic and socioeconomic changes that affect the phenomenon of polarization and the commuters' issue. The commuter issue is related to workers and students who spend much of their daily hours making intercity routes to work or study. The spatial modification of the local population, the urban structure and the political and economic role of spaces considering the national and international economy bring to light urban problems related to population mobility. The distance between the place of residence and economic activity makes the recruitment of labor of the various sectors of activity is not limited only to agglomerations, thus affecting the profile the polarization in the economic area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to verify which characteristics contribute to informal microentrepreneurs decision to not contribute to social security among those eligible to the MEI group. Microdata of the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 were used to estimate logistic regressions. The results of the model show that micro-entrepreneurs in the construction sector are the ones that present the greatest chances of not contributing to social security. On the other hand, it was found that, as of 2011, there was an increase in the chances of a social security contribution by the micro-entrepreneur belonging to the first income band (up to R$ 1,000.00). The increase in contribution to social security would be the result of a change in the behavior of lower-income micro-entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to describe the microcredit supply processes from three different institutions (a state development bank and two public banks), located in a small municipality of Mato Grosso State. Data were collected through open interviews. We conducted a qualitative analysis of the data, using content analysis technique. Our results show that the process of microcredit supply of 03 institutions have simulators and have no relevant differences compared to traditional credit decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coming along with Polanyi's ideas of fictitious commodity, this paper seeks to reveal the logical inconsistencies and silents in the economic science arguments on the labor force as a commodity. Once Marx's influence on the anti-capitalist movements is outstanding, we need to show his contribution, through his economic thought, to the scientific economism. As is well known, when proposed that the commodity sell by the worker was the 'labor force' instead the labor, as the classical economists used to say, Marx was able to built his theory on the capitalist economy theory, which relies on the concept of surplus value.. That is the reason why the paper is specially concern with the failures or weaknesses present in one of the huge Marx contribution to the economics thought: the concept of labor force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to discuss the love based on three conceptions: Eros, Filia and Agape. The first is introduced according to the Greek mythology and the reflections of Plato. The second, Filia, is presented based on the Aristotle's insights. Finally, the Christian context is used for the understanding Agape. Furthermore, the paper also intends to reflect on the characteristics that differentiate the forms of love and the visions of Greeks and Christians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify the trajectory of English teacher education in the Arts and Letters courses, and provide an overview of the knowledge produced and put in circulation by teacher educators in Brazil. Based on research paper abstracts submitted to a pioneering event on language teacher education in Latin America, this review analyzes the advances and gaps in this area of research. It firstly summarizes the themes of the studies, from the most to the least recurrent ones. Secondly, it looks at gaps in issues concerning activity and research in teacher education. Thirdly, the paper provides insights into how the members of this community of practice can strengthen their identities as teacher educators and establish a more dialogical and empowering relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eating, beyond a biological act, is a cultural act, result from the appropriation of natural resources that, transformed into food, gain the identity of the group that appropriates them. Thus, this study aimed to know the appropriations and food uses of buriti fruit in rural and urban contexts in Abaetetuba, state of Pará, municipality known as the 'world capital of miriti'. To conduct the research, we used questionnaires, non-directive interviews and participant observation, performed with riverine people on Sirituba Island, rural area of the municipality and with mingauleiros of miriti at the 'edge' of Abaetetuba and cooks of the food court of the two latest editions of Miriti Fest. The food uses of buriti fruit were recorded both in the rural context, where it is considered 'farm food' and is part of all meals, contributing significantly to food security and sovereignty of the riverine people, and in the urban context, where it is consumed in the day-to-day mainly in form of porridge and, reframed, it becomes a 'party food' during Miriti Fest. Thus, we conclude that the buriti fruit is part of the food heritage of Abaetetuba, constituting as 'food of all', since it goes beyond the boundaries of the municipality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an activity developed during science classes where students used a digital camera to record their observations about the environment. The activities were performed in the schoolyard and inside the classroom. Firstly, the students observed an open environment. After choosing the target they registered it with a camera. The photographs obtained were displayed for the entire class, in order to discuss the perception of who took the picture and also the picture. A total of three activities were carried out and divided into the following themes: Science, Environment, and Ground. All the activities were recorded in audio and video for posterior analysis, allowing finding different perceptions and meanings produced by the children. This activity was a Science observation work that allowed the student to improve their observations skills. Throughout the work it was noticed that the students' behavior changed as the activities were performed, given that they started to observe the phenomena more carefully. Thus, the conclusion is that photographs can be a good learning tool, since it allows the insertion of observation activities and description of Science phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]