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The article discusses the progressive economy of Shanghai, China. It relates that the city has taken almost without an effort the great trade that once centred in Canton. It states that every year shows a greater amount of tonnage in the Woosung river and larger exports of tea, silk, and cotton. It outlines the lifestyle of the people in this place. It mentions food, attractions and things that full foreigners to Shanghai.

The article discusses some socio-political issues in the United States. Over three hundred citizens of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, probably as good a representation of the intelligence, virtue, and patriotism of the city as could be produced, the venerable lawyer Horace Binney heading the list, have signed an address to the members of the U.S. Congress for the city, calling their attention to the Jenekes bill for the reform of the Civil Service, and asking for it, or something similar, their zealous support. People have been hoping for the last fortnight to see custom official Robert Hart's notes on the Chinese question, which have recently been made public, make their appearance in some of the papers in this part of the country which inflicted such awful chastisement a few weeks ago on businessman Ross Browne and the degraded American and British merchants who drew him out on the China question.

The article presents information about various publications. A contribution to the comparative legislation of the U.S. will be found in "The Rights of Property of Married Women Under the Laws of Kentucky," a paper read by the scholar H. Marshall Buford before the Lexington Bar Association, and now published by request in pamphlet form. While a certain amount of attention is being attracted towards China, the following extract from a modern native work, entitled "Shing Wu Chi," or "A History of the Wars of the Present Dynasty," to which the attention has been called by a correspondent, is of interest, and speaks volumes for the light in which recent action on the part of the great civilized powers is viewed by the literary classes of the empire.

This article presents information on the book "On Chinese Currency, Coin and Paper Money," by W. Vissering. The book rests upon the Chinese authority, the history of Ma-twan-lin, but Vissering has subjected the original to more thorough examination, and with far greater advantages. His book is a study in Chinese and in the history of money. Vissering proposed to give a summary of the most important facts under the latter head which his book contains. Several concurrent traditions narrate that money was first coined by the common people in times of calamity. This seems to mean that all lived ordinarily by agriculture and exchanged by barter, but when the crops failed they took to mining copper, which they cast into coins for convenience in exchanging it for goods.

The article offers the author's perspective regarding the future of China. The author talks about the dominance of China in the Central Asia, and the reconquest effort of the nation to the region. He explores the effects of China's diplomatic relations with Europe and the U.S. on the cultivation of the progressive arts and sciences. He also discusses the economic and political crises in China, as well as the conflict with its relationship with Russia.

The article provides an account of how boys in China study under the tutorship of a white-bearded and shaven-pated teacher. It indicates that the school-room's walls are plain and the design of the floor is similar to a checkered board. It asserts that a typical Chinese school-room is a noisy place because students or scholars study out loud.

This article presents information regarding the book "The Chinese: Their Education, Philosophy, and Letters," by W.A.P. Martin. This volume is appropriately dedicated to Professor William D. Whitney, and in a prefatory note its author informs him that most of the essays have been already published in China under the title of "Hanlin Papers," and are now offered to the public only as a bundle of "Beitriige," a small contribution towards the better understanding of China and the Chinese. Out of the seventeen papers four are likely to attract the most attention in the U.S., though all will be valuable to students in China itself. These are "Competitive Examinations in China," "The Ethical Philosophy of the Chinese," "The Renaissance in China," and "The Worship of Ancestors in China."

The article presents information on the relationship between India and China. The Indian Government has become involved in a difficulty with the State of Thibet which, unless treated with the utmost patience and gentleness, may easily grow into an issue of a truly formidable character. Thibet, as every one knows, is regarded as sacred territory by the Mongolians and other Buddhist subjects under the sway of the Chinese Emperor. It would in all probability cost the Emperor his throne if he tamely acquiesced in the occupation of the capital, Lassa, by a foreign force and the whole strength of the empire would be put into the field in order to avert the contingency of its permanent detachment from China.

The article presents chapter XII of the story "Shafts From an Eastern Quiver," by Charles J. Mansford. It explores the travel of the story's characters such as Harold, Denviers, and Hassan into the provinces of China, searching for a peasant's hut near the road which a mujik told them. It says that Paul Somaloff came to rescue the exile Marie Lovetski, but failed and was put to death by General Ivan Rachieff. It mentions the duel between Rachieff and Denviers which was won by the latter.

This article presents brief information about the book "Society in China," by K. Douglas. This book, by the keeper of the Oriental books and manuscripts in the British Museum and Professor of Chinese at King's College, naturally provokes comparison with another book, on the same general subject. China is governed, both socially and politically, by the literati or mandarins, and for these gentry Douglas has no good word to say. He considers them the most bigoted wretches on the face of the earth.

The article focuses on the initiative of a Japanese newspaper photographer who utilize a balloon to get images of the war between Japan and China. His strategy of getting into the balloon kept him safe from the two opposing countries while succeeding in providing accurate news to their papers. It discusses the significance of this strategy to the photographers who want to take new scenes and original things with their cameras.

Japan has preeminently displayed some qualities in her struggle with her gigantic neighbor. The first of these is the moderation of her conduct towards China in declaring war. Not less creditable to Japan, moreover, was her complete readiness for beginning the war. Not only did she have her soldiers in perfect training, not only was her navy in a state of great efficiency but the Japanese military authorities had a far bettor knowledge of the state of China than the Chinese themselves. Most important of all, is the thorough organization of the Japanese army and its entire military equipment.

The editor, in this article highlights, some recent international issues. The discussion in the English newspapers and elsewhere about concessions in the East tends to obscure the principle of international law with which it is connected. What the English concessionaires want is that England should see to it that they have their rights not merely as against China, but as against any third Power, like the Soviet Union, which intrigues in China to their disadvantage. The great risk run in sending troops to Cuba in the hot season was, of course, perfectly well known in advance. It was nature more than man, disease more than rifle-balls, that the U.S. military authorities feared, and It was their knowledge of this danger which led them to give up all idea of moving against Havana before the autumn.

Presents letters to the editor on articles published in previous issues. International policy of the U.S. towards Cuba; Foreign commerce in China; Political developments in Great Britain.

This article focuses on developments related to politics and society. The rationale of the troubles in China is beginning to appear in a clearer light as events move on. That a formidable reaction is shaking the Empire has been obvious enough, but it has not been plainly seen that it has a domestic side as well as an international aspect. The truth is, however, that the movement of which the "Boxers" have taken the murderous lead, is directed against not only foreign interlopers, but native reformers as well. On Saturday last the Cubans took the first step towards their promised independent government. The municipal elections then held, under a restricted suffrage, are regarded as only the preliminary to a Constitutional Convention, to be called before the end of the year for the purpose of framing a system of self-government to which the U.S., as in honor bound, will thereafter commit the destinies of the island.

Presents letters to the editor. Comments on the bombardments of the Taku forts; Discussion on the strength and safety of a nation; Focus on an appeal made by a British Member of Parliament on a triple motive for China.

This article reports on several political and economic developments. The upshot of the latest official correspondence in reference to China is that Germany has receded from her demand that, as a preliminary to negotiations for peace, China should surrender to the allied Powers, the persons deemed by them guilty of the recent outrages in Pekin, China. The most interesting feature of the recent International Copyright Congress in Paris, France was the agreement upon a so-called "type" law for the protection of literary property throughout the civilized world.

The article presents social and political developments around the world. The article presents information on reports of German brutalities in China, which continue to appear from day to day. Germany's officials in oldest colony have come home to be punished more or less lightly for inconceivably cruel crimes committed upon native men and women. The magnificent German army is a machine built up on blind obedience and brute force. The article also discusses about the reelection of presidential candidate William McKinley as the U.S. president. The reelection will end the war in Philippines. It was said that the democratic party and politician William Jennings Bryan are alone responsible for the continuance of the fighting.

The article presents news briefs related to world politics. The signs of friction among the Powers in China are ominously multiplying. There is any real likelihood of an open clash between the Russian and British forces at Tientsin, whose mutually threatening attitude so excites the newspaper correspondents. The evil-intentioned disfranchising bill, which has just passed the Maryland Legislature, has had at least this good effect, that the Republicans of the State find themselves driven to undertake a campaign of education among the Negro illiterates. It appears possible that the State at Maryland may, on the whole, gain from this attempt to restrict the ballot unfairly.

The article presents information on various socio-political developments. The U.S., with all its troops, guns, and transport, is leaving Peking and will soon leave China. The fact rounds out an episode in American diplomacy in the highest degree honorable to the country. Whatever the future of the Chinese problem may be, the U.S. contribution to its solving during the past nine months has been of a sort to quicken the pride of the patriot at the same time that it cheers the heart of the philanthropist. In another development, the exciting debate in Great Britain House of Commons on Thursday night came right on the heels of a widespread lament in England over the decay of Parliamentary oratory.

The article focuses on issues related to international relations. It is hard to believe that so discreet an official as the foreign minister of so diplomatic a nation as the Japanese should have really made use of the uncalled for and almost brutal threats against the Chinese Government, with which a Korean dispatch credits him. In the absence, however, of testimony to the contrary, Japanese foreign minister Viscount Hayashi is on record as declaring that the fate of Korea may be regarded by China as a lesson; it should be a warning to that country to put her house in order, ere some strong nation, whichever one might be moved so to do, imitates events in Korea. From the moment when peace was signed with the Boers at Vereeniging, South Africa in 1902, the union of Africa south of the Limpopo and Orange Rivers, South Africa under one autonomous government might have been taken for granted. The British trend towards colonial federation, which had manifested itself in North America and Australia under the sole influence of internal causes, could not but run with greater force in South Africa, where was to be found the additional powerful stimulus of neighboring foreign territories and, consequently, foreign rivalry.

The article presents the economic and political updates of the U.S., as of November 25, 1909. Careful perusal of the opinion in Saturday's decision against the Standard Oil Co. will convince most readers of the journal "The Nation," that it is not only sound law as the statutes stand, but is conservative interpretation of the law. The decision of the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals is, like the Supreme Court Vs Northern Securities decision of 1904, leveled primarily against the holding-company device, when employed for monopolistic purposes. In another political update, the U.S. State Department's approval of the China-Japanese conventions concerning Manchuria, China, signed on September 4, comes somewhat belated, but welcome nevertheless.

The article focuses on the book "China Under the Empress Dowager, Being the History of the Life and Times of Tzu Hsi." It is said that Chinese history was too dull to be studied by any but specialists or Germans, and that the Germans had not discovered it yet. The author of this volume have shown that it may be made to compare in romantic interest with the history of any nation, and that the Chinese themselves are masters of graphic description. In a book of such extraordinary interest to students of modern China it is possible to indicate here only a few hitherto obscure matters that are at last revealed to outsiders.

The article discusses several books focused on the areas like material development, provincial history etc., related to China. These books include "Gleanings From Fifty Years in China"; "A Chinese Appeal to Christendom Concerning Christian Missions," and "The Education of Women in China." While the first book focuses on the problems in the material development of China, the one on Christian missions gives an account of fair and friendly estimate of the value of mission enterprise in the country. Related accomplishments by mission schools for the instruction of girls in the empire is best displayed in another book on education of women in China.

Presents letters to the editor published in this issue of the periodical "The Nation." Reference to a letter on Chinese literature and history; Information on intellectual undergraduates who become teachers.

Presents letters to the editor on socio-political issues of several nations. Impact of natural disasters on the social conditions of China; Social philosophy, regarding ethical ideas, state and the U.S. Constitution; Types of students, who can qualify examination of candidates for the Diplomatic and Consular Service.

The article presents information about the book "Recent Events and Present Policies in China," by J.O.P. Bland and E. Backhouse. Mr. Bland's long experience in China entitles him to respect as an authority. His creditable career entitles his views to respectful examination. The discussions are advanced with ability, but they are supported almost entirely by his personal observation and remain, after all, personal opinions, the value of which can only be tested by time.

The article presents information on the book "Chu-Fan-chi: Chinese and Arab Trade in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries," by Chau Ju-kua. This Chinese treatise falls into two parts. The first part deals briefly with the various countries with which the Chinese traded, each geographical division having a separate short chapter, and offers many curious bits of information which the author has picked up in the older chronicles, or has heard from contemporary merchants or navigators. In the second part a number of products were brought to China from foreign lands.

The article presents information on the book "The Memoirs of Li Hung Chang," edited by William Francis Mannix. The book purporting to be derived from a great mass of manuscripts left by that statesman, may be accepted in the Western world without much comment because people now know that Chinese are subject to like passions as Americans and are able to commit indiscretions in their letters and diaries like other people. In other words, the figment of the "inscrutable" Chinaman has begun to disappear.

So much has been said of late about the development of militarism in Japan, and her alleged naval programme of elaborate and even sinister proportions, that an examination of the facts is but fair to Japan and may prove of considerable interest as a relief to apprehension, so far as it exists abroad. There are at present in force five naval programmes, which have been inaugurated by the Imperial Navy and approved by the Imperial Diet. The first one was inspired by experiences in the war with China, when Japan for the first time began to realize the importance and necessity of an adequate naval force.

The article presents recent developments in world politics. There has been no further development during the past week in the situation in Romania or other Balkan states. It seems significant, however, that a loan of $25,000,000 has been arranged for Romania in England, and if dispatches from Rome and Athens published in recent papers are to be accepted. Whatever Italy's ultimate decision on the question of peace or war may be, it becomes increasingly evident that decision will be taken by Italy alone, uninfluenced by threats or persuasions of other Germany and Austria. Somewhat sensational dispatches from Chinese government were published on January 27 concerning demands that Japan had made upon China following the Japanese occupation of Kiao-chau.

The article presents some political updates as of March 18, 1915. One of the updates says that the tension of the political situation in Greece arising out of the dissolution of government on the issue of neutrality has been temporarily relieved by the adjournment of Parliament. Politician M. Gounaris has been successful in forming a Cabinet, the personnel of which was announced on March 10, pledged to the main tenance of a neutral policy. Another update focuses on the negotiations between Japan and China. It was authoritatively reported that Japan had somewhat modified her demands, particularly so far as mining rights were concerned and that a tentative agreement on points relating to these matters had been reached.

The article focuses international relation. Confidential dispatches were received at the U.S. State Department, which are said to confirm the general tone of the forecasts of the German reply to the American note cabled by correspondents from Berlin, Germany. Whether the relaxation of activity by German submarines during the past two weeks represents the normal period of respite, respite from Nepenthe, which succeeds strenuous days. It indicates an intention on the part of Germany to moderate her submarine warfare. Dispatches from China on Monday revealed the fact that in the middle of May, during the crisis between China and Japan, an identical warning had been conveyed to both countries that the United States would not recognize any agreement, which impaired American rights in China or endangered the policy of the open door.