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This paper presents the performance of three types of small-scale shell foundations (pyramidal frustum, semi-cylindrical and prismatic shell) of the same plan area on different states of sand provided with or without reinforcement. To understand the effect of reinforcement and its dependency on the vertical embedment depth, two cases were considered, i.e. reinforcement at a depth equal to 0.5 B (B=width of foundation) and another case at a depth equal to B. Bearing capacity for different shell foundations models and settlement behaviour were studied based on the load settlement curves and compared with that of conventional flat foundation model. The experimental results show that shell models perform better than the flat foundation model in terms of bearing capacity and settlement resistance on the different states of sand with or without reinforcement. The relationship of ultimate load with the angle of internal friction was found. Reinforcement embedded at 0.5B depth was found to be better than provided at B depth in all the states of sand. It is also noticed that the bearing capacity ratio is lower for the sand reinforced at a depth of B than that of 0.5B, showing the dependency on reinforcement embedment depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines how children draw on local sources of morality and moral worth to forge connections, build friendship and enforce distinctions across difference in a rural multicultural city of settler Australia. Children's friendship-making practices across ethnic and class differences have been widely explored in urban Australia. Far less is known about how children connect and distance in regional and rural places, notably those experiencing profound social change. This paper examines friendship work among children from humanitarian refugee backgrounds in one rural city of south-eastern Australia through the lens of morality and moral worth. Drawing on long-term ethnographic research, it shows how deeply classed and racialised ideas about morality and moral worth scaffold children's social worlds, delineate which behaviours are valorised, and can exclude children whose actions do not meet the necessary moral criteria of belonging. A focus on morality provides rich insight into how children shore up familiarity and build affinities with one another while simultaneously policing and enforcing boundaries. This has important implications for understanding how children from refugee backgrounds build relationships and friendships in rural settler Australia, and the implications of such work for children's everyday geographies of belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of reliable field data is critical for the advancement of geotechnical engineering. This is particularly the case for piled foundations; due to the substantial geotechnical uncertainties. The settlement (performance) predictions from established analytical methods may deviate from field measurements by as much as an order of magnitude. This paper provides a statistical assessment of the uncertainty of predictions of pile performance under axial loading using an openly accessible geotechnical database of pile load tests from the United Kingdom. The collected database information was classified by pile type, location, test data quality and availability of geotechnical data. With reference to the data from fine-grained soils, two analytical models were employed to predict foundation settlement. The settlement prediction performance was then studied statistically and the model bias and error compared with reference to the aforementioned categories to identify the impact of different sources of uncertainty and evaluate the use of both models for future geotechnical practice. The two models investigated generally over-predict settlement, which is likely due to conservative selection of key model parameters, such as soil strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater is abundant in soft soil areas, which has a significant impact on the excavation deformation of foundation pits. In this paper, based on the monitoring of deep foundation pits with waterproof curtains in Shanghai deep foundation pits, COMSOL Multiphysics is used to model the layers of the foundation pits and establish a two-dimensional seepage-consolidation coupled model for hierarchical dewatering excavation. The feasibility of numerical simulation of regional foundation pits, the modeling method of the foundation pit seepage model is explored, and the presence or absence of waterproof curtains, and the influence of acquitards on the horizontal displacement of foundation pits and surface settlement outside the pits is analyzed. The research shows that the simulated foundation pit deformation values are in good agreement with the actual monitoring values and that the effect of dewatering and seepage has a great influence on the foundation pit deformation. The waterproof curtain has a significant effect on reducing the drop in the water level outside the pit and controlling the surface settlement. After installing a waterproof curtain, the amount of ground settlement is reduced, but the disadvantage is that the deformation of the enclosure structure increases. Finally, the influence of acquitard on the deformation of foundation pit excavation is simulated, and the distribution characteristics of the flow network diagram under different permeability coefficients are analyzed. According to the analysis of the foundation pit deformation law and flow network diagram, it is considered that the waterproof curtain can effectively reduce the influence of acquitard on foundation pit deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the process of advanced numerical analysis of interaction between a building and the subsoil. The analysis covered a wide range of work for both computing and research. As part of the research work, field and laboratory subsoil tests were carried out, as well as geodetic measurements of building settlement and measurements of natural vibrations of an object. The computational work included the analysis of a total of 47 FEM models. The subsoil was described using the Modified Cam-Clay model, with parameters determined using field CPT and SDMT tests, as well as triaxial and edometric laboratory tests. Parts with geodetic benchmarks were separated from the building model, and then multi-variant calculations were made on smaller, partial models with parameters obtained from various methods. Calibration of the main models was performed using 8 partial models for which calculations were carried out in 4–5 variants of parameters. This gave a total of 38 partial models. Then, calculations were carried out on the full model of the building with subsoil. At each stage, the results of vertical displacements were compared to the geodetic values. The measured settlement of the real building in the time from the construction of the underground story to its use for the period of 1 year, was from 2.3 mm to 7.8 mm. The settlement from FEM calculations of small calibration models for the same benchmarks was from 2.0 mm to 9.8 mm with parameters derived from CPT tests and from 1.8 to 7.3 mm for parameters derived from SDMT. For the full building model, settlement from FEM calculations ranged from 2.2 to 8.8 for the variant with a simplified subsoil model, and from 3.7 to 10.5 for the model taking into account the inhomogeneity of the subsoil. As a result, it was found that the displacements from the numerical analysis were convergent with the geodetic values. Detailed numerical analyses also allowed to detect the deviations of the segments from the vertical and to indicate potential damage to the structure. It was also indicated how the work of the subsoil influences the stress distribution in selected structural elements. Behaviour of the subsoil has an impact on the behaviour of the building and its deformations, as well as on the distribution of stresses in the structural elements, and, as a result, on the change in the distribution of internal forces in the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the extent to which blockchain technology (BCT) may constitute an alternative to the conventional stock trading system and emphasize the changing roles of the key parties. It is expected that BCT would enhance the performance of the process across the three stages (i.e. trading, clearing and settlement within the stock exchange environment). A thorough literature review is conducted to understand the BCT performance modeling techniques and approaches (empirical and analytical) and to examine the theoretical potentials and capabilities of BCT in the financial markets. The case study and simulation methods are used to evaluate the impact of BCT implementation in optimizing the process of trading, clearing and settlement in Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX) stock-trading activities. This paper presents a simulation analysis comparing a blockchain system with a traditional trading system in the context of stock market. The simulation procedures involve modeling processes over different durations and transaction volumes, using metrics such as process time and cycle time to evaluate performance. The performance index combines these metrics with weights to ensure accurate and consistent measurements. Simulation results reveal that the blockchain system significantly outperforms the current trading system, especially at higher transaction volumes, highlighting its scalability and efficiency. A threshold of 30,000 transactions is identified as the point where blockchain's benefits become apparent. The analysis shows that blockchain significantly elevate the process efficiency. It reduces both cycle time and process time across varying transaction volumes, maintaining consistency and reliability. Additionally, a simple simulation using the Hyperledger Fabric platform demonstrates the practical implementation of a permissioned blockchain for clearing transactions, emphasizing the system's capability to manage high transaction volumes efficiently and securely. The use of blockchain network for handling seamless transactions using pre-defined smart contracts significantly improves the performance of the stock trading processes, specifically in the clearing phase. Interestingly, the BCT system drops the need for a "third party" (i.e. stock custodian) across the three stages. At the end of the paper, we propose a thereat mitigating model for stock trading with a new blockchain system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Prace Geograficzne is the property of Jagiellonian University, Institute of Geography & Spatial Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Mesolithic communities of northwest Europe have generally been considered inherently mobile, and all the material evidence associated with them has been interpreted accordingly. This has resulted in entrenched, theoretically polemical and largely hypothetical mobility models, focusing on seasonal rounds and extraction activities. However, recent reanalyses of the ethnographic sources, and discoveries of both substantial and ephemeral Mesolithic structures, as well as new data from recent innovative lithic and scientific analyses (including DNA, isotope research on human remains, and geochemical analyses of lithic artefacts), have forced us to rethink the rather static models of Mesolithic mobility strategies. This paper, examining Mesolithic hunter-gatherer mobility and settlement models from Britain and Ireland, is part of that reassessment. In particular, it assesses the impact of the multiple lines of consilience on our understanding of Mesolithic habitation of landscapes. These include the archaeological evidence and the efficacy of recent theoretical and methodological approaches that have been employed to interpret it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Raumforschung und Raumordnung is the property of Oekom Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Automation and intelligent health monitoring technologies will be one of the most important development directions for rail transit operation and maintenance considering the continuous expansion of the scale of urban rail transit and the increase of labor costs. The highly accurate, full-field data acquisition based on vision measurement technology, which is combined with photogrammetry and three-dimensional scanning technology, is an effective way to improve the intelligence of monitoring. In this paper, accuracy tests of vision measurement and total station technology in multipoint measurement is carried out under the same conditions where the accuracy and reliability are compared according to the various datasets which are collected from experiment and testing. A novel visual measurement technology is proposed for the deformation monitoring of tunnel structures, such as settlement and convergence. The results show that the measurement system has a resolution of 0.01 mm which is better than the total station resolution, and the deviation ratios of the vertical and horizontal displacement are 1.6% and 2.5%, which demonstrate the proposed system has a good potential for practical applications in terms of resolution and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Študijné Zvesti AU SAV is the property of Institute of Archaeology SAS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper is dedicated to the analysis of archaeological situations, settlement features and archaeological material from Trenčín-Zlatovce site, which were archaeologically excavated in 2017. The emphasis is on a detailed examination of the pottery, which includes wheel-made pottery in addition to the usual hand-formed vessels. Ceramics with an admixture of graphite are also represented. The assemblage thus represents rather exceptional evidence of the material culture from the Late Hallstatt period (HaD2-HaD3). Therefore, it provides, on the one hand, evidence of the survival of older cultural traditions of the Lusatian culture and, on the other hand, indications of the diffusion of new or foreign technological elements in this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimation of nonlinear pile settlement can be simplified using one-dimensional " t-z " curves that conveniently divide the soil into multiple horizontal "slices." This simplification reduces the continuum analysis to a two-point boundary-value problem of the Winkler type, which can be tackled by standard numerical procedures. Theoretical " t-z " curves can be established using the "shearing-of-concentric-cylinders" theory of Cooke and Randolph-Wroth, which involves two main elements: (1) a constitutive model cast in flexibility form, γ=γ(τ) ; and (2) an attenuation function of shear stress with radial distance from the pile, τ=τ(r). Soil settlement can then be determined by integrating shear strains over the radial coordinate, which often leads to closed-form solutions. Despite the simplicity and physical appeal of the method, only a few theoretical " t-z " curves are available in the literature. This paper introduces three novel attenuation functions for shear stresses, inspired by continuum solutions, which are employed in conjunction with eight soil constitutive models leading to a set of 32 " t-z " curves. Illustrative examples of pile settlement calculation in two soil types are presented to demonstrate application of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueologia is the property of Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Balkan Research Institute / Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Trakya University, Balkan Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Spal: Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de la Universidad de Sevilla is the property of Spal. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de la Universidad de Sevilla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Geology / Gongcheng Dizhi Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Geology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is an introduction to the topical collection dealing with the Post-glacial human subsistence and settlement patterns: insights from bones. The context of the Lateglacial and Early Holocene (ca. 16,000–6000 cal BP) in Europe offers the possibility to examine the response of terrestrial ecosystems to dramatic climatic changes and the evolution of subsistence among hunter-gatherers facing phases of environmental instabilities. The contributors of this special issue developed and applied diverse approaches to provide regional and chronological elements to the knowledge of the available biotopes and their exploitation by human populations over the Lateglacial and Early Holocene in Europe. Their studies provide local information on animal recolonization of septentrional areas in Europe, change in habitat of large games, and human dietary adaptation to new biotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugees face a heightened risk of sexual and gender-based violence during conflict, transit and in countries of refuge. Despite long-term impacts on survivors, scholarship regarding effective responses remains limited. This paper presents a qualitative thematic analysis from in-depth interviews with 22 Australian service providers. Using a socio-ecological intersectional framework it explores the challenges faced in supporting survivors while highlighting features of effective practice. Findings emphasize the need for a holistic and integrated approach, responsive to socio-economic and immigration conditions, the impact of stigma and fear of authorities, service-system funding models, and the need for an appropriately supported culturally diverse workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to scholarship concerning the effects of the UK Referendum on EU membership and Brexit on EU citizen rights in the UK (Botterill, McCollum and Tyrrell, 2018; Burrell and Schweyher, 2019; Gawlewicz and Sotkasiira, 2019; Huber, 2019). The paper focuses on applications for, and meanings of, 'settled status' among Polish nationals living in urban and rural Scotland. In particular we argue that the 'simple' act of application produces diverse responses among Polish nationals, characterised by ambivalent and reluctant compliance, with longer term implications for ontological security and sustainable communities. In the paper we present empirical data from the perspectives of three differently positioned individuals to illustrate the heterogenous experience of Polish nationals in Scotland and to demonstrate how pre-existing vulnerabilities and conditions are compounded by the EU settlement scheme. First, we highlight a view of citizenship as 'social contract' through the vignette of Marek who expresses ambivalence about Brexit and for whom the welfare system serves both as a safety net and a space of the undeserving. Second, we reflect on the complex bureaucratic process of gaining citizenship for a family, through the vignette of Monika. Finally, we consider how form filling is an anxious act of validating oneself and questioning one's belonging to place with longer term effects on ontological insecurity, through the vignette of Weronika. We conclude by offering a set of recommendations for Scottish policy on intercultural communication, integration and sustainable communities that, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, is ever more significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geocells are three-dimensional polymeric hexagonal pockets that provide lateral confinement to the soil, thereby increasing the bearing capacity of the soil bed. This paper briefly reviews past studies on geocell reinforcement of soil and presents a new product, cells made out of natural coir fiber, as an alternative to commercially available high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geocells. A series of model plate load tests were conducted on unreinforced soil and on soil reinforced with coir geocells to understand the soil reinforcement mechanism. It was observed that with the introduction of coir geocells, the load-bearing capacity of the soil bed increased up to three times and a significant reduction in the settlement was observed in the underlying weak soil bed. The study also presents a comparative performance evaluation of the natural coir cell-reinforced soil with conventional HDPE geocell-reinforced soil. Further, this paper analytically demonstrates the influence of the lateral resistance effect and vertical load dispersion effect incorporated by coir cells in strengthening the soil bed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores intermarriage between Chinese women and foreign Muslim traders in Yiwu, China through a consideration of women's experience of uncertainty in settlement and decisions regarding migration. In so doing, it argues that intermarriage plays an important role in anchoring trading networks for the traders. However, this anchor is not firm, as such households also face significant uncertainties due to the structural constraints resulting from the unstable nature of informal trade; state migration policies, both internal and border control; and challenges regarding children's education. Furthermore, migration decision-making processes are equally impacted by personal dimensions of attachment, marriage (in)stability, family orientations and perceived cultural gaps. Women are active agents in negotiating and adapting to new situations but their agency is limited by structural constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper considers aspects of identity among the Eastern Penan of Borneo, 2 in the approximately half century since many have transitioned from full-time hunting and gathering to a partial or fully sedentary existence, in both Brunei Darussalam (henceforth, Brunei) and East Malaysia. Despite settlement, many Eastern Penan continue to project aspects of hunting and gathering behaviour (at both the individual and community level) through a number of traits such as: social organisation, lifestyle, and nostalgia for the past. Nonetheless, following their move to settlement, there has been more continuous and intense interaction with settled neighbours and state proxies. Through this, Eastern Penan have come to demonstrate identity features that align with neighbours, as well as the nation state in each country, in a number of ways. This paper is based on periods of field work (spanning several decades), in both Brunei and East Malaysia, during a time of considerable change, especially regarding how the physical environment has been exploited in Malaysia. This paper provides a snapshot of Eastern Penan identity which, rather than having fundamentally shifted, appears to have diversified over time as reflected through evolving social circumstances and ways these have impinged on lifestyle, language repertoire, and cultural affiliations among the Eastern Penan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a critical concern to properly manage the risks associated with the stability of tailings and dredge sludge dams. This requires the knowledge of the pore water pressure (PWP) within a slurried material during and after the deposition. The evaluation of the PWP can also help to estimate the settlement, which is important for the water management and design of the storage facility. An analytical solution based on the Gibson model has been proposed by the authors to evaluate the excess PWP during the slurry deposition. However, there is no solution available to estimate the excess PWP and volume of draining water after the end of slurry deposition. In this paper, a new solution is proposed to evaluate the PWP, settlement, and volume of draining water after the slurry deposition on a pervious base. The proposed PWP solution is partly validated by numerical modeling with SIGMA/W and laboratory results. The influence of the consolidation coefficient and filling rate on the distribution and evolution of PWP is analyzed. The solution development for estimating the excess PWP, volume of draining water and settlement after slurry deposition on an impervious base has been presented in a companion paper (part I). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the construction of Zhengzhou Metro Line 4 (Huozhan Street Station–Hanghai East Road Station) under-crossing Longhai Railway, this paper investigated the interaction between railway train operation and shield tunneling. A three-dimensional coupled finite element model of track-roadbed-soil, using the finite element software MIDAS/GTS NX, was established to simulate the stages of the shield tunnel construction and analyze the influence on the existing railway. During different stages of the shield tunnel construction, the ground subsidence caused by the passing of single train was analyzed by simplifying the train loads as vibration loads, and the numerical simulation results were compared with the field monitoring data. The results show that: (1) the maximum settlement of the railway is about 3.39 mm without train passing, which is less than the control standard range of 6 mm, and so the shield tunnel construction can ensure the normal operation of the upper railway; (2) vehicle-induced vibration will lead to additional subsidence of the railway, which is only 0.20 mm when the upper train has the speed of 160 km/h, so the total settlement is 3.59 mm, which is also less than the control standard range of 6 mm. In conclusion, the upper train doesn't need to be limited with velocity in the process of shield tunnel construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In coastal engineering, the storage of dredged sludge needs the construction of containment structures. In mining engineering, the surface disposal of tailings slurry requires the construction of tailings dam. In both cases, one needs to estimate the excess pore water pressure (PWP), draining water and settlement of the slurry during and after the deposition. An analytical solution presented by the authors based on a model proposed by Gibson in 1958 can be used to evaluate the excess PWP during slurry deposition. The equation given by Gibson in 1958 for assessing the excess PWP after the end of slurry deposition cannot be used because it contains an error. In addition, there is no existing solution to estimate the settlement and volume of draining water after the end of slurry deposition. In this paper, a new solution based on the Gibson's governing equation is proposed to evaluate the excess PWP, settlement and volume of draining water after the end of slurry deposition on an impervious base. The proposed solution is partly validated by numerical and laboratory test results. The solution for estimating the excess PWP, settlement and volume of draining water after the end of slurry deposition on a pervious base is presented in a companion paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a case history of 300-m high building in Japan. Since the building has a five-story basement, a top-down method was adopted to carry out the underground construction works safely as well as to save construction time by simultaneous construction of the upper and the basement floors. To ensure high performance against strong earthquakes, piled raft foundation consisting of large-diameter bottom-enlarged cast-in-place concrete piles and steel H-piles built-in soil-cement wall (TSW) was employed as a costeffective solution. In order to corroborate the foundation design, field monitoring on the settlement and the vertical load sharing between the piles and the raft was performed. Consequently, it was found that the foundation design was appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a case history of a piled raft foundation with grid-form deep mixing walls (DMWs) supporting a 10-story base-isolated building of the world's largest scale, measuring 340 m by 180 m in plan. The DMWs play the role of coping with liquefiable sand as well as of reducing settlement of soft cohesive stratum below the sand. Field monitoring of the settlement and the load sharing was performed for over seven years since the beginning of the construction in order to validate the foundation design. The measured settlement of the raft was 10 mm and the ratio of the load carried by piles to the effective structure load was 0.66 at 72 months after the end of construction. In addition to the long term monitoring, seismic measurements of the foundation were performed after the end of the construction. The incremental strain acts on piles, contact earth pressure between raft and soil or DMWs, water pressure beneath the raft and settlements under ground surface were measured during several earthquakes. These values roughly agreed with the design values. Consequently, it is confirmed that a piled raft combined with DMWs works effectively in liquefiable and soft ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intense ideological debates over the legal status of West Bank settlements and political campaigns objecting to or demanding their removal largely neglect the underlying capitalist processes that construct these settlements. Building upon the rich scholarship on the interrelations of militarism and capitalism, this study explores the relationship between capitalist and militarist occupation through housing development. Pointing to neoliberalism as central to the ways in which militarism and capitalism have played out in Israeli settlement dynamics since 1967, this paper unpacks the mutual dependency of the Israeli settlement project on real estate capitalism and neoliberal governance. Through historical study of the planning, financing, construction, and architecture of settlement dwellings as real estate, as well as interviews and analysis of settler-produced historiographies, this paper identifies the Occupied Territories (OT) as Israel's testing ground for neoliberal governance and political economy. It presents a complementary historiography for the settlement project, identifying three distinct periods of settlement as the product of housing real estate: neoliberal experimentation (1967-1994), housing militarization (1994-2005), and "real-estate-ization" (2005-present). Drawing on Maron and Shalev (2017) and Springer (2014), this paper discusses neoliberal settlement as a violent state project, challenging conceptions of neoliberalism as rationalism as well as settlement as a public-housing enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dewatering of the foundation pit is an important measure to ensure the safety of the excavation. Accurate prediction of the effect of dewatering on adjacent pile foundations is an important prerequisite for the safety of surrounding buildings. This paper presents a procedure which can consider water insulation effect of retaining structures to estimate the drawdown, the soil consolidation settlement, the negative friction on the pile shaft and the additional pile settlement, induced by dewatering. The well document calculation results are used to examine the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed analytical approach. The good agreement shows that the analytical approach presented in this study displays a satisfied consistence with the existing methods in calculating the settlement of surrounding soil and pile top. The influence factors of the pile settlement are also analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Zhejiang University: Science A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Iberian 'warrior' stelae have captured the imagination of researchers and the public for more than a century. Traditionally, stelae were considered 'de-contextualised' monuments, and research typically focused on the study of their iconography, paying little or no attention to their immediate contexts. As a result, despite the large number of these stelae known to date (c. 140) and the ample body of literature that has dealt with them, fundamental questions remain unanswered. This paper aims to demonstrate the potential of a multidisciplinary and contextual approach to push forward the research agenda on these monuments through a case study. Firstly, we introduce the Mirasiviene stela and the methods deployed for its investigation, which include a variety of digital imaging techniques, petrography, pXRF, intensive survey and multiscalar spatial analysis. Secondly, we discuss the results in relation to three main topics: stela biography, social practices and landscape context. Comparisons to the well-known nearby Bronze Age and Iron Age site of Setefilla are made throughout the discussion. Ultimately, this paper makes a case for the stelae of Mirasiviene and Setefilla being polyvalent monuments made by local artisans, that served both as landmarks and memorials in connection with dense late second and early first millennium BCE settlement patterns in the region. Probably linked to elites, 'houses' or kin groups of this time, stelae were set in symbolically charged places, liminal spaces nearby water, burials and pathways, attracting a range of ritual activities throughout the centuries. The study of the newly discovered Mirasiviene stela shows that multidisciplinary, cutting-edge non-destructive archaeology can shed significant new light on these prehistoric monuments, thus providing a glimpse of what in our opinion is a paradigm shift in the research of similar monuments throughout Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buried water pipelines are vulnerable to fail or break due to excessive loading or ground displacements. Accurate evaluation of pipe performance and serviceability relies on the proper understanding of pipe-soil interactions (PSI). Analytical methods are important approaches to studying PSI. However, a systematic and thorough literature review to analyze the existing research trends, technological achievements and future research opportunities is not available. This work investigates analytical methods that analyze the stress and deformation of pipes in terms of cross-sectional, transverse and longitudinal PSI problems. First, scientometric analysis is performed to acquire relevant research works from online databases and analyze the existing data of influential authors, productive research sources and frequent key word occurrence in the fields of interest. Second, a qualitative discussion is performed in the three categories of PSI: (1) cross-sectional, including ovalization and circumferential behaviours; (2) transverse, including seismic fault crossing, weak soil zones, ground settlement and pipe uplift; and (3) longitudinal. Third, six research opportunities are discussed, including the role of friction in cross-sectional deformation, combined effects of bending and compression, choice of soil reaction models and calibration of key parameters, effect of pipe flaws, soil spatial variability and behaviours of curved pipes. This study helps beginners familiarize themselves with PSI analytical methods and provides experienced researchers with ideas for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: According to the National Statistical Office's 2019 Population and Housing Survey in August 2020, the number of apartments, including apartments, was about 14 million last year, accounting for 77.2% of all houses, of which 11.287 million were 80.6% of apartments. Based on this change in housing trends, researchers have developed and studied cellular light-weight concrete (CLC) that can be cured at room temperature and normal pressure with advantages such as light weight, insulation, and construction. There have been several studies in Korea, including state-run projects, but they have not been commercialized, but the biggest reason is that stability has not been secured. Therefore, to improve the reliability of CLC that can be cured at normal temperature and pressure, this study attempts to analyze the properties of CLC by incorporating CaO-CSA expansive additive. Based on the drying density of 0.55-0.65 kg/m3, cement, blast furnace slag, animal foaming additive and fiber are utilized to analyze the properties of CLC with CaO-CSA expansive and the results are as follows. By using the CaO-CSA expansive additive, it is determined that the formation of calcium hydroxide and ettringite fills the CLC between the tobermorite layers and the internal structure becomes dense. Currently, based on KS F 2701, the compression strength based on 0.6 items is more than 4.9 MPa, and the strength is about twice as strong as that of the existing CLC, and durability of the CLC are improved by incorporating CaO-CSA expansive additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Expansion and contraction of an integral abutment bridge cause an abutment to move toward and away from its backfill due to seasonal temperature changes, thus causing high horizontal earth pressures behind the abutment and backfill surface settlements. This paper presents the results of four model tests conducted to simulate both translational and rotational movements of abutments and investigate horizontal earth pressures behind the abutment and the backfill surface settlements. The test results showed that the translational movement of the abutment likely prevented soil ratcheting from occurring in the upper portion of the backfill due to stress adjustments in the backfill after simulated seasonal temperature changes (i.e., causing limited earth pressure increase behind the abutment). Furthermore, the existing methods used to predict the horizontal earth pressures behind the abutment overestimated the pressures at the bottom of the abutment if the translational movement of the abutment was permitted. In addition, the backfill surface settlement near the abutment, induced by the seasonal temperature changes, was a function of footing rigidity and the displacement magnitude of the abutment and continued even after 30 cycles of abutment movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research in earthquake geotechnical engineering has experienced considerable development focusing mainly on the liquefaction mitigation measures applications. However, various conventional methods such as soil replacement, densification, and grouting, used for soil liquefaction mitigation are uneconomic, and environmentally unfriendly. This paper investigates the performance and application of wall-type gravel and rubber drains in liquefaction mitigation of Firoozkuh NO.161 sand by calculating the settlements, and induced excess pore water pressure (PWP) s using a series of 1 g shaking table tests. To this end, the number and width of walls, materials of drainage walls including gravel and rubber, input acceleration, and also soil relative density was changed and studied. The obtained results showed that increasing the width and number of the wall-type gravel and rubber drains in the liquefiable sand reduces the settlement and liquefaction-induced deformations, as well as the excess PWP and eventually increases the sand liquefaction resistance. Moreover, it was observed that at high input acceleration and relative density of 30%, the seismic performance of reinforced sand with rubber wall-type drain is slightly better than that with gravel wall-type drain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As reinforcement material, geocells are widely used in various types of embankment reinforcement. A lot of practical experience shows that geocell reinforced embankment has good reinforcement effect, but the theoretical research lags behind the engineering practice, and the reinforcement mechanism under cyclic loading under various reinforcement conditions needs to be further studied. In this paper, the reasonable reinforcement condition of geocell reinforced embankment under static and cyclic loading is proposed by using a physical model and numerical simulation comparative analysis method. The research findings include: under cyclic loading, the inhibition effect of the number of reinforced layers on the vertical cumulative settlement is better than that under static loading, but the effect of two-layer reinforcement and three-layer reinforcement is relatively close, and both can reduce the vertical settlement by more than 40%. The inhibition effect of the increase of geocell height on the horizontal deformation of slope surface is better than that of the decrease of welding spacing under cyclic loading, and the reinforcement effect of the middle and upper part of embankment is better. Increasing the height of geocell and reducing the welding spacing can improve the limit bearing capacity of embankment, and the former is better. The optimal reinforcement condition of sandy soil embankment under cyclic loading obtained from the comparative analysis is case 3, that is, the reinforced layers is 2, the geocell height is 10 mm, and the welding distance is 50 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]