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Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the most important aspects emphasized and brought up for discussion at Romanian as a Foreign Language Section of the Conference Politeness in Public Sphere that took place at the Department of Modern Languages and Business Communication on the 10th of February 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the most important aspects presented and discussed at Romanian as a Foreign Language Section of the National Conference Communication, Culture, Identity dedicated to the celebration of 20 years from the foundation of the Department of Modern Languages and Business Communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the advent of a new era of teaching, the development of communicative skills has been seen as one of the central objectives of language learning. However, the present-day context of the COVID-19 pandemic made us re-think and re-structure the majority of our teaching practices, including speaking activities that we used to suggest to our Romanian language students. In this paper, we have tried to tackle the topic of the development of communicative skills in teaching Romanian as a foreign language in an online classroom. The paper presents a list of obstacles that we, as teachers of Romanian as a foreign language, have encountered in the COVID-period teaching, such as students' shyness and reluctance to participate due to various reasons, the difficulties linked to the organization of pair- and groupwork, the obstacles in correcting and moulding students' pronunciation, as well as lack of feedback or reaction on part of students in the situations when a dialogue is intended by the teacher. All of these challenges are accompanied by potential solutions that we have found useful and efficient in our teaching practice. Moreover, the paper presents a number of activities that can be successfully used in an online environment for the development of learners' communicative skills. Taking into consideration the challenges presented in the second section of the article, we have tried to give some practical suggestions on how the respective activities can be conducted in an online classroom in an optimal way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The educational public service is one of the largest services organized and offered by the state to its citizens. Because it reaches every home, it becomes a topic widely used in political disputes. It is an eternal theme of minority parties accentuated (if not exaggerated) in the election campaigns but also an instrument of the NTA which, properly managed, can lead to the reduction of interethnic conflicts and peaceful coexistence. Representatives of minorities rightly wants both equal opportunities for their children in school and the preservation of their cultural and linguistic identity because their mother tongue is a defining element of a person's identity. And within the nation-state - it is necessary for the majority to ensure, through concrete regulations, the right of minorities to study in their mother tongue. The present paper aims, first, to analyze the existing legal regulations in Romania, which ensure for national minorities the right to education in their mother tongue, as an instrument of NTA arrangements. Secondly, we present the analysis of a study carried out in a multicultural territorial area - Dobrogea, where 17 minorities live, which follows the perception of the population belonging to different minorities regarding the use of mother tongue in education and their implications in further personal development. The study is conducted by implementing a survey among members of national minorities in Dobrogea, parents with children in primary and secondary school (0-14 years), starting at three directions: education exclusively in the mother tongue, bilingual education - mother tongue-official language and mother tongue - optional subject of study in the educational curriculum. At the end of the paper, based on the research done, subject to the multicultural specificity of the interviewed area, we notice a trend of changing the perception of minority members in the sense of orientation towards an education with at least bilingual teaching and increasingly abandoning the desire to study exclusively in the mother tongue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of the University of Bucharest, Studies of Romanian Language & LIterature / Analele Universităţii Bucureşti. Limba şi Literatura Română is the property of Faculty of Letters, University of Bucharest and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Methodical Perspectives / Metodički Vidici is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the present paper is to investigate strategies of translating riddles in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit. Taking as framework Pagis' (1996) and Senderovich's (2005) model of analysis for riddles as well as Wagner's (2020) pragma-semantic model of ambiguity, the paper redefines literary riddles as forms of conventionalized ambiguity that are strategically produced, perceived and resolved. The analysis of four target texts reveals that the main strategies employed in preserving a balance between opacity and transparency in literary riddles are equivalence, explicitation, rationalization and omission and that translation loss can be repaired through compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is intended as a review of the study in which Cosmin Căprioară analyses the process of metaphorization undergone by many of the terms designating human body parts in the Romanian folk language. The research is based on the cognitive theory of metaphor. In this case, the author has encoded an interdisciplinary analysis grid, using various methodologies and tools from dialectology, language history, lexicology and semantics, psycholinguistics etc. These were necessary in the operation of inventorying and delimiting the types of metaphors, resulting from semantic transfer, namely: [concrete] for [concrete] metaphors and [abstract] for [abstract] metaphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyse how Romanian has been perceived, known and presented by some of the great foreign linguists of the past one hundred years. They are dialectologists, Romance languages' specialists, grammarians, mostly from the European space, who have known differently Romanian language and approached it in their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to present the historical evolution of the adjectival subsystem in the written Romanian language, as it is reflected in the most representative Romanian religious texts from the time period between the 17th century and the 20th century. The conclusions refer to the permanent interweaving of the Romanian literary language with the special language of the church, to the development of both functional variants. They have influenced each other, imposing forms that have acquired viability and standardised use, not without possibilities of stylistic and pragmatic nuancing, in various other registers, levels, styles. In other words, the essence of our research has been to recompose the moving, i.e., diachronic, picture of the Romanian adjectival subsystem within the general Romanian language system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article, titled "INTRODUCTION," discusses the study of dictionaries and their role in the prescriptive/descriptive dimensions of language. It highlights a workshop on metalexicography that focused on the keyword "prescription" and explored the complex relationship between dictionaries and prescriptivism. The papers included in the article examine topics such as the role of dictionaries in language ideology, the representation of loanwords, the encyclopedic dimension of dictionaries, and the labeling of derogatory lexis. The article emphasizes that prescriptivism and descriptivism should be viewed as a continuum rather than a clear-cut dichotomy. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Methodical Perspectives / Metodički Vidici is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to investigate the use of a Romanian data source, different classifiers, and text data augmentation techniques to implement a fake news detection system. The paper focusses on text data augmentation techniques to improve the efficiency of fake news detection tasks. This study provides two approaches for fake news detection based on content and context features found in the Factual.ro data set. For this purpose, we implemented two data augmentation techniques, Back Translation (BT) and Easy Data Augmentation (EDA), to improve the performance of the models. The results indicate that the implementation of the BT and EDA techniques successfully improved the performance of the classifiers used in our study. The results of our content-based approach show that an Extra Trees Classifier model is the most effective, whether data augmentation is used or not, as it produced the highest accuracy, precision, F1 score, and Kappa. The Random Forest Classifier with BT yielded the best results of the context-based experiment overall, with the highest accuracy, recall, F1 score, and Kappa. Furthermore, we found that BT and EDA led to an increase in the AUC scores of all models in both content-based and context-based data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper looks at size nouns of the type grămadă 'heap / pile' in Romanian and classifies them into two categories: size nouns with a comparative interpretation (Doetjes and Rooryck 2003) and size nouns with a quantifying interpretation (Brems 2007; 2010), the latter reading being sometimes contextually extended to a third type of interpretation, the negative evaluation interpretation (Brems 2010). The two major types of readings that size nouns may have are read off a head-complement syntactic structure, typical for pseudopartitive constructions, which size nouns+de+N constitute a subcategory of (Tănase-Dogaru 2017). The comparative interpretation arises as a reflex of the semi-lexicality of the size noun, while the quantifying interpretation is a reflex of the size noun having lost its original lexical meaning, and therefore serving a functional role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sentiment analysis has increasingly gained significance in commercial settings, driven by the rising impact of reviews on purchase decision-making in recent years. This research conducts a thorough examination of the suitability of machine learning and deep learning approaches for sentiment analysis, using Romanian reviews as a case study, with the aim of gaining insights into their practical utility. A comprehensive, multi-level analysis is performed, covering the document, sentence, and aspect levels. The main contributions of the paper refer to the in-depth exploration of multiple sentiment analysis models at three different textual levels and the subsequent improvements brought with respect to these standard models. Additionally, a balanced dataset of Romanian reviews from twelve product categories is introduced. The results indicate that, at the document level, supervised deep learning techniques yield the best outcomes (specifically, a convolutional neural network model that obtains an AUC value of 0.93 for binary classification and a weighted average F1-score of 0.77 in a multi-class setting with 5 target classes), albeit with increased resource consumption. Favorable results are achieved at the sentence level, as well, despite the heightened complexity of sentiment identification. In this case, the best-performing model is logistic regression, for which a weighted average F1-score of 0.77 is obtained in a multi-class polarity classification task with three classes. Finally, at the aspect level, promising outcomes are observed in both aspect term extraction and aspect category detection tasks, in the form of coherent and easily interpretable word clusters, encouraging further exploration in the context of aspect-based sentiment analysis for the Romanian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a discursive and semiological analysis of some examples of gestural and proxemic manifestations of the faithful engendered by pragmatic ambiguity in certain statements of the Orthodox Liturgy, in the Romanian language. On a diachronic level, the translation of Christian Orthodox liturgical texts, mostly from Slavonic in Romanian culture, has also had to take into account the management of ambiguity, particularly lexical ambiguity. While the vast majority of the words used in these texts are well interpreted today, at the pole of their reception, some statements still retain an ambiguity related to a diachronic translation, an ambiguity that can be qualified as pragmatic in the immediate synchronicity. In the discursive and ritual context of the Eucharistic Liturgy, they trigger certain gestures by the faithful, who interpret them as speech acts or "first-degree" illocutionary and perlocutionary statements. Because of the consequences of their ambiguity on the gestural actualization of the speech acts they carry, we will call this type of ambiguity pragmatic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of online platforms and services has revolutionized communication, enabling users to share opinions and ideas seamlessly. However, this convenience has also brought about a surge in offensive and harmful language across various communication mediums. In response, social platforms have turned to automated methods to identify offensive content. A critical research question emerges when investigating the role of specific text spans within comments in conveying offensive characteristics. This paper conducted a comprehensive investigation into detecting offensive text spans in Romanian language comments using Transformer encoders and Large Language Models (LLMs). We introduced an extensive dataset of 4800 Romanian comments annotated with offensive text spans. Moreover, we explored the impact of varying model sizes, architectures, and training data volumes on the performance of offensive text span detection, providing valuable insights for determining the optimal configuration. The results argue for the effectiveness of BERT pre-trained models for this span-detection task, showcasing their superior performance. We further investigated the impact of different sample-retrieval strategies for few-shot learning using LLMs based on vector text representations. The analysis highlights important insights and trade-offs in leveraging LLMs for offensive-language-detection tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main goal of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the acquisition of singular pronominal possessors (his/her) and gender agreement in third language (L3) English by first language (L1) Hungarian and second language (L2) Romanian learners and the extent to which animacy, task type and proficiency might affect it. The experiment is based on previous research by Imaz Agirre and García Mayo (2018), a comprehensive study on the acquisition of gender agreement and pronominal possessors in third language acquisition. This paper presents new findings by virtue of examining the third language acquisition of some agreement properties in the context of a novel combination of languages (L1: Hungarian, L2: Romanian, L3: English). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to (i) establish the micro-parametric variation in the development of the subjunctive CP in Romanian languages (Daco-Romanian/DR; Aromanian/AR; Megleno-Romanian/MR; Istro-Romanian/IR) and (ii) account for derivations in which the subjunctive is integrated into the formation of the periphrastic future in these languages. Briefly, the analysis points out that the subjunctive CP in Romanian languages can display a split Fin (unlike in other Balkan languages) and that the remerging of the split Fin finds itself at different stages: complete in DR, but incomplete at different degrees in AR, MR, and IR. The compatibility of the subjunctive morphology with the derivation of the periphrastic future follows from the semantic bleaching and grammaticization of the volitional 'will' and 'have' verbs, together with the Balkan Sprachbund subjunctive mood marking, which combine in a monoclausal construction via a serial verb derivation to compositionally check a Fin marked [+finite, modal]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I examined the Romanian institutions and their networking in Szeklerland, while I also looked at how this institutional system is represented in the Romanian media from Szeklerland. I was curious to see if there was a connection between the image developed and distributed by the Romanian language media and the everyday reality of Romanians living in that region, taking into consideration the fact that the representation of Szeklerland in the media and the reality of people living there do not always overlap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of discipline-specific corpora to determine disciplinary writing norms and rhetorical as well as linguistic features is established practice. Several studies have used discipline-specific corpora to establish such genre features and have testified to the efficiency of using corpora in class or for self-directed learning. Few scholars, however, have investigated the discipline of Political Science in this manner. The present study analyses the use of lexical bundles representing metadiscourse markers in the discipline of Political Science. It builds on a previous study (Bercuci 2020) which investigated lexical bundles in expert writing in the field. As I did in my previous study focusing on metadiscourse markers in the discipline of Political Science, to guide my analyses in this paper I use the definitions offered in Ken Hyland's early seminal work, Metadiscourse: Exploring Interaction in Writing (2005), as well as his 2008 article, "As can be seen: Lexical bundles and disciplinary variation". As such, this paper focuses on a learner corpus of undergraduate and graduate student writing in Political Science. I thus reveal the discipline-specific inter-language interference of L1 Romanian into L2 writing in English and indicate the issues on which targeted writing exercises should focus during university-level English for Specific Purposes and English for Academic Purposes classes. Students should be asked to practice register variation through targeted exercises as this appears to be the most prominent case of interference not only of the Romanian language but also of writing norms typical of Romanian research communities in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes automatic summarization as one of the topic that helps elearning system to be more adaptable on content generation. This article treat automatic summarization with approaches that provide the ability to summarize texts for different languages. In the case of this article, it is about the English, Romanian and Russian languages. The paper contains both the description of the problem and different approaches already used by other researchers. Next, the data with which the automatic summarization experiments were carried out were described. The metrics with which we can evaluate the quality of the summarization result were presented. Finally, some thoughts were formulated regarding the results obtained in the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We focused in this paper on the dependent use of subjunctive in different stages of Romanian language (from the 16th century to the 21st century). We discuss the elements that precede this verbal form and the semantic field they belong to (possibility, probability, certainty, knowledge etc.), some differences due to the evolution of Romanian language and the occurrence of subjunctive in some subordinate clauses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral message reception is a basic component of oral communication. It has a significant importance in society, due to its traditional function as a means of learning. Not knowing how to listen is an obstacle not only for personal development and harmonious interpersonal relationships, but also one influencing the formation of other communication skills. There is a tendency to consider listening a "role" or skill already formed at the beginning of the school years. Nowadays, it is being explored as a process which includes cognitive, affective and behavioral aspects. M. Imhof (Imhof, 2008) analyzes quantitative and qualitative issues of listening tasks in primary school German education. The results show an average listening time of 27 minutes out of 45 minutes, duration of a class, which represents 60% of the time. As for the listening sources, these are: the teacher (53% of the listening time, i.e. 14.3 minutes), others classmates (41%, i.e. 11.1 minutes) and media sources (6%, i.e. 1.6 minutes). The school curriculum for Communication in Romanian / Romanian language and literature within is organized in areas of communication (oral and written) and basic skills (text reception and production), making the study of Romanian compatible with that of foreign languages into the same curricular area. Textbooks and the teaching tools less reflect this organization, focusing on the reception of the written text on text production, ignoring the role of listening. The main purpose of the paper derives from the obvious importance of the listening activities, in primary school, taking into consideration the current educational context and the concerns regarding the reduction the of functional illiteracy phenomenon. Listening activities can, in some circumstances, facilitate new vocabulary acquisition, support the formation of a consistent and complete mental scheme of the narrative text. They can also offer patterns of verbal, nonverbal and paraverbal expressions, to stir feelings of attachment towards reading and books. The quality of listening depends on both the receiver and the sender, and in primary classes this double determination must be looked at very carefully. There are landmark studies that investigate listening in the native language at a young school age. This it is an aspect that encourages and generates knowledge development, and the present study incorporates what is already internationally known and offers better perspectives on the importance of listening in the Romanian primary classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies about Language / Kalbu Studijos is the property of Studies about Language / Kalbu Studijos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While English and other Germanic languages make extensive use of compounding as a means of expanding their lexicons, in Romanian and Romance languages, in general, compounding is merely a minor word formation process. For this reason, the translation of English compounds into Romanian is a challenging endeavour that usually involves the spelling out of syntactic and semantic information otherwise implicit in the original derivatives. Building on these ideas, the present paper explores the translation strategies employed to render deverbal -ed adjectival compounds into Romanian. It is shown that the typological differences between the two languages lead translators to adopt strategies which, to a large extent, entail obligatory explicitation (see Klaudy & Kâroly 2005, Klaudy 2003, 2009, 2017, Moles-Cases 2019, etc.), though cases of implicitation are not excluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On the labor market, IT Jobs represent one of the most important domains. This paper analyzed the IT Jobs from a large collection of job listings from a Romanian website. The Web Crawling techniques were used to extract the data from the website, the Text Mining, World Cloud and statistic techniques to analyze and present the results. Insights that are required for an IT Job were extracted. The results highlight the following: the most required IT Job Type was the Full Time one, the Career Level was the Mid Level and the Study Level was the Graduated one. The Text Mining Approach revealed that the most frequent words for the IT Jobs offers were: team, work, development, project, experience, environment, service, skill, customer, knowledge and software. A comparison between terms in IT Jobs in English language versus IT Jobs in Romanian language was also performed. As conclusion, in this paper, by combining different techniques to extract and analyze the textual data set of vacancy offers knowledge from the IT Jobs domain was determined and discovered. The extracted information presented insights in current skills, personal needs, career paths of the Romanian current IT labor market needs. The results of this research could be valuable information for public bodies, employers, higher education policy makers, researchers, students and parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering that the analysis of any specialized language should have a representative set of terms, this paper describes the selection of specific Romanian business terms, extracted and processed from a self-compiled corpus, to carry out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Romanian business terminology in order to build an updated Romanian-English glossary of business terms and collocations. The analysis of these linguistic structures is based on the use of analytical techniques that belong to corpus linguistics as it would be impossible to detect them intuitively. The study focuses on the design of a real corpus extracted from the Romanian business environment. The objective of this paper is to describe the methodology followed in order to compile a corpus for Romanian business language and propose a list of 100 most frequent business words in Romanian. This proposal is made after the compilation and analysis of a study corpus of approx. 1 million words extracted from 8 genres belonging to written business communication. The present paper is part of a larger study that carried out a contrastive analysis of the Romanian and English business languages in order to find similarities and differences between the two target languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the class of N-words in the Aromanian dialect of Romanian. Being a cross-linguistically central topic in the typological study of negation, the semantic status of the N-words remains a controversial subject. While the Standard Romanian N-words have benefited from various interpretations in the literature (as existential quantifiers under negation, universal quantifiers above negation, free choice items, negative polarity items or negative quantifiers), the N-word paradigms in the South- Danube dialects of Romanian have not been studied yet. This paper offers an analysis and a classification of the Aromanian N-words (or Negative Concord Items), serving also as a typological characterization of the negation system in this dialect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Contrastive Grammar / Studii de Gramatica Contrastiva is the property of Universitatea din Pitesti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper aims at answering to a very intriguing question concerning the importance of language in the world of politics. Starting from the Aristotle's idea that we are all political animals, able to use language to pursue our own ends (Chilton 2004), the paper uses the techniques of Critical Discourse Analysis, in order to explore the ways in which politicians use language as a manipulation strategy. Although we tend to interpret the linguistic tools used by the politicians in their speeches as manipulation tools, we cannot ignore the fact that everyone of us uses, even in everyday communication, words for achieving specific goals. This is, in fact, the ultimate goal of communication. But is this also the case of the political speeches? What makes the difference? "What does the use of language in contexts we call 'political' tell us about humans in general?" (Chilton 2004, xi). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disinformation in the form of news articles, also called fake news, is used by multiple actors for nefarious purposes, such as gaining political advantages. A key component for fake news detection is the ability to find similar articles in a large documents corpus, for tracking narrative changes and identifying the root source (patient zero) of a particular piece of information. This paper presents new techniques based on textual and semantic similarity that were adapted for achieving this goal on large datasets of news articles. The aim is to determine which of the implemented text similarity techniques is more suitable for this task. For text similarity, a Locality-Sensitive Hashing is applied on n-grams extracted from text to produce representations that are further indexed to facilitate the quick discovery of similar articles. The semantic textual similarity technique is based on sentence embeddings from pre-trained language models, such as BERT, and Named Entity Recognition. The proposed techniques are evaluated on a collection of Romanian articles to determine their performance in terms of quality of results and scalability. The presented techniques produce competitive results. The experimental results show that the proposed semantic textual similarity technique is better at identifying similar text documents, while the Locality-Sensitive Hashing text similarity technique outperforms it in terms of execution time and scalability. Even if they were evaluated only on Romanian texts and some of them are based on pre-trained models for the Romanian language, the methods that are the basis of these techniques allow their extension to other languages, with few to no changes, provided that there are pre-trained models for other languages as well. As for a cross-lingual setup, more changes are needed along with tests to demonstrate this capability. Based on the obtained results, one may conclude that the presented techniques are suitable to be integrated into a decentralized anti-disinformation platform for fact-checking and trust assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Written in the period between 1691 and 1702, probably closer to the former date, Teodor Corbea's Latin-Romanian Dictionary has continuously been an inexhaustible source of research for Romanian culture ever since the late 17th century. Reclining on Albert Szenczi Molnár's Latin-Hungarian Dictionary as a source, as claimed by the author himself, Corbea's dictionary takes over a selected list of Latin words from Szenczi's work, translating or reworking its definitions. The present research is only concerned with the dictionary's entries connected to books, reading, and the library, convinced that this is the first Romanian text containing references to this field of interest. In addition, the paper also examines the historical uses of an unusual word appearing in Corbea's dictionary, bibliotaphus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et Studia is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The observation that not all grammatical realizations in heritage languages can be attributed to transfer from a dominant language has been emphasized in several recent works. This paper provides further arguments in this direction from heritage Romanian. As opposed to standard Romanian, the heritage Romanian data examined here do not exhibit a restriction which blocks overt definiteness on a differentially marked object (DOM), when the latter is unmodified but interpreted as definite. Moreover, in heritage Romanian there appear to be differences between the differential marker and (other) prepositions when it comes to interactions with overt definiteness. It is shown that the preservation of overt definiteness cannot be reduced to transfer; some of the dominant languages at stake, namely Serbian and Russian are determinerless, with nominals being used bare regardless of their syntactic function. The heritage data in turn give support to a theory under which the differential marker must be structurally set aside from (other) prepositions. If the latter spell out a P projection, the differential marker is the spell out of complex internal structure of certain classes of objects, which must project at least a DP. This structural complexity for DOM is transparent in other Romance languages, where definiteness is equally obligatory on the surface, if a definite interpretation is intended. Thus, the DOM-overt definiteness setting in the heritage data follows from predictable paths of language variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]