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The promotion of technological innovation in firms requires both the supply-push and the demand-pull. To accurately identify, assess, and further enhance the incentive effects of the policies of government procurement for innovation in China, this paper uses the text analysis method to identify government procurement for innovation from more than 640,000 pieces of government procurement contracts and conducts an empirical analysis based on the data of China' s A-share listed firms from 2015 to 2020. The study finds that government procurement for innovation significantly promotes corporate innovation by increasing the expected market returns, reducing R&D uncertainty, and easing financing constraints. Specifically, local government procurement for innovation, central government procurement for innovation, and procurement for innovation by universities and research institutes bring more significant innovation incentives for firms; and government procurement for innovation generates stronger innovation incentives for firms in strategic and emerging industries, private firms, and small- and medium-sized enterprises. Further analysis reveals that demandside innovation procurement and supply-side innovation subsidies generally have mutually reinforcing synergies on corporate innovation. The policy synergies vary depending on the levels of corporate innovation and the orders of policy implementation. In terms of the levels of corporate innovation, the two-sided policies has mutually complementary effects on innovation-leading firms and mutually exclusive effects on innovation-lagging firms. From the perspective of the orders of policy implementation, the strategy of supply-side subsidies first, and demand-side procurement second is more effective in promoting corporate innovation than the strategies of demand-side procurement first and supply-side subsidies second, and supply-side subsidies and demand-side procurement concur. This study helps deepen the understanding of demand-side innovation support policies and provides an important reference for further improvement of China' s innovation incentive policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public sector purchasing processes are gaining increasing prominence as a demand‐side innovation tool for addressing national sustainability challenges. Accordingly, there has been growing research attention to this topic. Prior studies suggest three key rationales that underlie the use of public sector procurement to drive innovation: (i) the buyer–user rationale (for creating new needs); (ii) the market/system failure rationale (for improving suppliers' capacity to innovate); and (iii) the public services rationale (for improving public services). However, operational activities at the upstream supply chain affecting the sustainable innovation capacities of supplier firms appear to be under‐researched in the public procurement for innovation (PPI) scholarship, despite knowledge about innovation capacity being critical to successfully implementing PPI. This paper adopts a systematic literature review approach to synthesise existing fragmented literature on sustainability‐oriented PPI, focusing on supplier perspectives. Findings from a synthesis of 41 relevant articles suggest, among others conditions, that a procurement framework that maintains a good balance of competition and innovation, builds buyer–supplier relationship and urges strong supply networks, maintains a stable political commitment, offers security for niche markets with effective innovation risk management culture would enhance suppliers' sustainability capacity and propensity to innovate. This paper contributes to the PPI literature and the literature on determinants of sustainable innovation systems from supplier firms' sustainability lens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach: This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings: This research paper concentrates on the public procurement of innovations (PPI) within the EU as a mechanism for stimulating private sector R&D efforts that solve public organization-identified problems. The authors encourage less risk aversion and greater risk management to encourage the increased use of cost-plus contracts to spread some risk between the procurer and supplier, which should in turn attract more innovative companies to participate in PPI exercises. Originality/value: The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Framework conditions (FCs) are widely recognised as having a significant effect on the uptake and implementation of innovation-orientated public procurement (PPI) that is viewed as a promising innovation policy instrument. This paper presents a more systemic definition of FCs for PPI at both the core and the peripheral level, building on the existing understanding of FCs for public procurement and innovation. Against the background of this definition and in the light of public organisation theory, this paper identifies three main channels—influencing performance (Channel 1), enhancing capabilities (Channel 2), and modifying missions (Channel 3)—to shape purchase decision-making of public organisations for innovation through the FCs. By comparing the case of the UK and China, it further explores and conceptualises the three channels of the FCs. With the conceptualisation, the paper provides a framework and some implications for how to design, improve and evaluate FCs for PPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this conceptual paper, we explore how artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise as an important and additional tool for combating corruption in public procurement in emerging economies. We aim to extend the understanding of how the emergent technology of AI may be another important tool in the fight against corruption in emerging economies. We discuss how AI and related emergent technologies can help build greater accountability and transparency regimes in public procurement, a key source of public corruption. We argue that there are infrastructural, social, ethical, and political challenges to the successful use of emerging technologies of AI in the fight against public corruption. We make inferences from the discussion and provide some tentative guidelines for policymakers. We suggest that using AI as part of a program of institutional reforms in the public sector would increase technology's role and contributions to the fight against systemic corruption in public procurement in emerging economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current societal challenges demand enduring engagement and the implementation of innovations. Unfortunately, the project-based nature of the construction industry fails to offer suitable conditions for innovation and change in terms of building long-term relationships and aligning incentives beyond the project scope. In this paper, we explore the potential of an innovation ecosystem perspective to reach sector-wide goals related to societal challenges in the infrastructure sector. Accordingly, five Dutch infrastructure cases were studied in terms of four characteristics: (1) actor heterogeneity; (2) strategic alignment of actors; (3) alignment with respect to a value proposition; and (4) governance structure. We found that the innovation ecosystem perspective has the potential to contribute to innovation in the sector, especially when specific innovations or knowledge building are pursued. In particular, the long-term perspective to collaboration in relation to addressing societal challenges and the shift to more relational ways of governance were found promising avenues for incorporation in the industry. The innovation ecosystem perspective in infrastructure, however, also poses substantial organizational, cultural, and processual challenges, such as adopting novel practices with respect to collaboration and establishing continuing informal relationships beyond the public procurement context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Administração FACES Journal is the property of Revista de Administracao FACES Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper studies the impact of procurement on supplier firms. Specifically, we empirically investigate the direct and indirect mechanisms through which public procurement influences firms' performance in the Italian space industry. Our research strategy involves conducting a survey of firms and analysing the results with econometric tools, and we interpret qualitative data from interviews as cross-validation. We found that space procurement generates two outcomes in firms: "intermediate outcomes"—i.e., learning, collateral innovation, and market penetration—and "final outcomes"—i.e., profit and sales, business development, and employment—and that the former mediate the impact of procurement on the latter. Our results offer insights into understanding the role of public procurement from the suppliers' perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology currently represents a great opportunity for e-government in general and for public procurement in particular, given their financial implications and potential political and social risks. Blockchain technology facilitates the procedures and processes of administrative records via smart contracts because of properties such as timeproof sealing and data record immutability. In the present paper, we present a truthfulness governance approach which uses a permissioned model based on neural blockchain technology and smart contracts to create blocks within which all information is held in an on-chain consensus system to avoid corruption in the field of public procurement. Our proposal represents a scalable, efficient, innovative solution that is aligned with Sustainable Development Goal requirements and constitutes a 'Decentralized Autonomous Organization' in itself. Our model highlights the benefits of blockchain technology in terms of transparency, immutability, security, inclusiveness and disintermediation in order to create new anticorruption policies and technical solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) have faced a heavy economic burden and uncertainty due to a contraction in resources and markets. As the world returns to normal conditions, we aim to synthesise key lessons from the pandemic and discuss which emergency actions should become routine to prevent or minimise the negative economic impact of future crises on SMEs and their innovation power. This paper reviews academic and non-academic literature on how governments can stimulate industrial innovation in SMEs based on experiences from public procurement of innovation during the pandemic. Our findings indicate that public procurement of innovation is a crucial tool to stimulate both the economy and new ideas. Against this backdrop, we propose the implementation of three related procurement policies: inter-agency and inter-governmental collaboration in the public procurement of innovation, cooperation partnerships between the government and firms, and the adoption of practices that encourage SME participation in the procurement of public innovation contracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, as supply‐side innovation incentive policies do not work well in China, demand‐side instruments, like the government procurement for innovation, are emphasized. However, as the enterprise may be better informed than the government about its initial technology level and effort, the government faces the dual information asymmetry of adverse selection and moral hazard in the process of procurement. Thus, in this paper, series of quality incentive contract models are proposed to illustrate how the government can identify the initial technology type of the enterprise and motivate it to exert effort to improve the innovation quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the synergy effect of the government subsidies, tax incentives, and government procurement on innovation based on synergy theory, and further analyzes its path and mechanism in the process of innovation. We find that government subsidies, tax incentives, and government procurement exert positive synergy effect on innovation. Furthermore, in the process of innovation, government subsidies are shown to play strongest roles in the stages of innovation input and technological development, while government procurement is the most crucial in the transformation stage of technological innovation, and tax incentives play balanced roles. We also find that innovation resource input, innovation technology spillover, and innovation cooperation all play partial mediating roles in the synergy effect of science and technology policies on innovation. This paper applies the synergy theory to the field of innovation policies, which enriches and expands relevant researches, and provides micro-evidence for in-depth understanding of the effect of science and technology policies on innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the literature on new regional industrial path development by highlighting the multiple roles that demand can play in regional development. We develop a conceptual framework relating different roles of demand to different types of new path development. Based on the literature on regional development, we differentiate between the role of demand as anonymous consumer, sophisticated buyer, active co-developer, public procurer and norm and value setter. These roles influence different types of new path development, including path extension, path upgrading, path importation, path diversification and path creation. New path development can be triggered by changing norms and values in the society (e.g. environmental concerns and the growing demand for cleaner technologies), public procurement for innovation (governments demand new products or services and thereby steer economic development) or by users modifying existing products or developing novel solutions that are not yet on the market (e.g. user innovations). The various roles of demand, as well as its effect on new regional industrial path development, depend on the geographical context. We argue that taking a nuanced view towards demand will add a novel dimension to the debate on new path development in regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aims to analyze the intellectual structure in sustainable procurement (SP) research to identify the knowledge research clusters and provide potential avenues for future research. Design/methodology/approach: The study conducted a bibliometric analysis to analyze the intellectual structure in the area of SP. Overall, 1,294 articles were selected from the Scopus database published between 2000 and 2022. The analysis was conducted using bibliometric R package, Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software. Further, content analysis of research clusters was carried out to set the future research agenda. Findings: The study identifies four major knowledge research clusters of SP, namely, (1) green supply chain practices, (2) socially responsible purchasing, (3) environmental purchasing and (4) public procurement and policy. The study suggests a few research directions in the SP field. Moreover, the future research directions are aligned with specific organizational theories applicable in the area of SP research. Research limitations/implications: The study is dependent on the Scopus database for the source of research publications on SP. Future studies may consider other research database sources. Practical implications: Identifying knowledge research clusters of SP research is of paramount importance for developing policies in the near future. These policy initiatives pave the way for the adoption of SP practices in the business. The findings indicate the issues managers encounter while implementing SP in organizations. Originality/value: The study offers valuable insights concerning parameters such as significant publication outlets, influential countries concerning the number of publications, impactful authors, title keywords and identifying major knowledge research clusters of SP to suggest future research directions. Further, the present study highlights emerging areas that require further research, including process governance, supplier diversity, innovation, the role of emerging technologies and the application of organizational theories in SP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public procurement of innovation (PPI) is a demand-side innovation policy tool. The use of PPI to foster innovation and regional development is not a trivial task, due to the combination of different goals that may be contradictory. The role of PPI to promote regional development may be more relevant in peripheral regions, due to the institutional thinness and the lack of technological capabilities. The main aim of this paper is to assess the potential role of PPI to contribute to regional development. It analyses the empirical evidence of the use of PPI in the Spanish regions, focusing on the main characteristics of the enterprises. Special attention is given to the healthcare sector, due to its relevance in public procurement. In this sense, the pioneer experience of Galicia (Spain) is illustrative of its use in a peripheral region. The results suggest that the effects on regional development depend on several features, such as the productive structure and the innovation capabilities of the region. The coordination of supply and demand-side policies seems crucial to obtain better results regarding innovation performance and regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition toward more efficient and sustainable energy systems relies on the introduction by firms of innovations aimed at reducing the energy-environmental impact. In this paper, controlling for firms' technological capabilities and taking into account the role of specific policy instruments, demand-pull factors and firms' cost-saving needs, we carry out an in-depth analysis of the drivers motivating firms' decision to engage in two main types of energy innovations, energy-efficient and renewable energy innovations, as compared to other environmental technologies. The empirical evidence, provided by using firm-level data from the Community Innovation Survey for different European countries, highlights the key role of firms' cost saving needs as a motivation driving the introduction of both types of energy innovations, as well as of governmental subsidies and public procurement though only for renewable energy innovations. The influence of demand-pull factors is instead transversal between energy innovations and other eco-innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FinTech – along with the blockchain, other distributed ledger, smart contract, and tokenization usually assumed to accompany it – could change the way governments procure goods and services. Yet, both the academic and practitioner literature omits discussion of any policy-level analysis of the interaction between procurement rules and FinTech innovations. Procurement authorities and procurement law can play a vital role in the development of FinTech. They can help build the FinTech platforms and ecosystems that help them engage in public procurement. They should not try to procure such FinTech outright. Any FinTech applications facilitating public procurement should thus encourage compliance with the principles the international community has developed over decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public sector procurement faces competing priorities, such as cost-efficiency, legal conformity, the advancement of environmental protection and the promotion of innovation. In addition, procurement departments are moving away from being mere organizational servants to having a strategic function. This paper looks at current public procurement strategy research, revealing neglected aspects. The authors propose a new analytical framework and suggest avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Policy-makers in the EU have increasingly emphasised the role of public procurement as a policy instrument that can be used to stimulate innovation. This development reflects and responds to a growing concern among EU member states about how to maintain competitive advantage in an economic environment increasingly subject to global competition. To contribute to these emerging policies, this paper develops an innovation theory-based approach regarding public procurement of innovations, by elaborating an institutional focus. In contrast to current institutional approaches in innovation studies, the approach applied here brings in the often neglected endogenous perspective. The empirical studies cited in this paper suggest that the needs of endogenous, or informal, institutions also need to be taken into account in order to understand better the institutional set-up enabling public procurement of innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a significant potential to improve the benefits from public procurement through a better understanding of drivers in company success at the micro-level, an area that has received little study to date. To increase these impacts on innovation and markets, policy makers have opened procurement to innovation, including the strategic incorporation of formal standards in calls for tenders. Consequently, companies offering innovative solutions should have higher chances to be successful in public tenders. In addition, companies who engage in standardization activities at standards development organizations may have a competitive advantage in submitting tenders. Examining the case of Germany, this paper empirically investigates the effects of German manufacturing companies' innovation activities and their engagement in national standardization on the receipt of contracts within domestic procurement competitions. The results of our empirical analyses based on German companies surveyed within the framework of the Community Innovation Survey show that being successful in product innovation and being engaged in standardization are significant positive predictors of companies' success in public procurement. With implications for policy-makers and practitioners, this shows that public procurement is indeed open for solutions from companies active in innovation and standardization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets out to understand the use of public procurement as a policy instrument for catching up. Brazil and China, who have explicitly linked procurement to innovation, are used as empirical cases. We review their respective institutional settings, policy approaches, and micro-level processes related to the public procurement of innovation (PPI). We have discovered that they share similarities concerning issues encountered during PPI implementation. Although both countries have made some achievements in promoting innovation through procurement, this paper highlights some of the obstacles they have experienced when implementing this policy, such as institutional problems, changes in the political landscape, and macroeconomic constraints. Such obstacles, more prominent in the case of Brazil, may have acted as an obstruction to achieving the pursued objectives, thereby restricting the full potential of PPI in driving technological catching up. The article then offers managerial and policy implications for the implementation of PPI, such as the importance of choosing relevant procurement procedures, critical roles played by policy champions, and demonstrating effects of leading firms and regions. While in China PPI was once an instrumental part of its technology development agenda, in Brazil it has been sporadic and unconnected to a given national strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates whether and through which channels green public procurement (GPP) and the skills composition stimulate local environmental innovation capacity. We use detailed data sources on green patents and procurement expenditure at the level of US Commuting Zones for the period 2001–2011. We also check for the moderating effects of local labor market composition in the relation between GPP and green innovation capacity. Lastly, we test for differential effects of GPP on different classes of green technologies (GTs). The main finding is that GPP is an important driver for the local generation of GTs. High availability of abstract skills in the local workforce also drives the generation of GTs and magnifies the positive effect of GPP. When separated by type of GTs, we find evidence of a more pronounced effect of GPP on the local generation of mitigation, relative to adaptation, technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'Second Machine Age' is a term created by two MIT professors, Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, and means the time of emerging technologies: artificial intelligence, machine learning, neurotechnology, biotechnology, virtual reality, Big Data, Internet of Things, blockchain, etc. Emerging technologies are seemingly not related to law, and in particular to public procurement law, but enter into complex relationships with legal regulation. This paper aims to introduce both the opportunities and challenges that some of these technologies (AI, blockchain, smart contracts) create for public procurement praxis, showing that it's not deus ex machina. New technologies will undoubtedly enrich and improve the public procurement system, but they also raise legitimate ethical and legal concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prawo Budżetowe Państwa i Samorządu is the property of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Faculty of Law & Administration and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The transition from printed to electronic sources of information has resulted in a profound change to the way procurement officers seek information. Furthermore, in the past decade there have been additional technological revolutions that are expected to further affect the procurement process. In this paper, we conduct a survey among forty nine university procurement officers in Israel to examine to what extent procurement officers have adapted to smartphones and tablets by testing how frequently officers use notebooks, smartphones, and tablets for work-related and leisure purposes. We find that while officers prefer electronic sources of information over printed sources of information, officers have not yet adapted to the later technological advances (i.e., smartphones and tablets). Notebooks are more frequently used than either smartphones or tablets for work-related and leisure purposes. One explanation behind this result is that officers are not skilled in using smartphone and tablets applications. This implies that training officers in the use of these devices may improve their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach: This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings: Firms involved in public procurement of innovation must undergo considerable change. Various drivers are critical to the process and successful implementation becomes further likely when firms focus on different enablers and factors identified as key to success. It is likewise important to be cognizant of potential barriers and pitfalls that might harm the process and take appropriate measures to respectively address and avoid them. Originality/value: The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Green Public Procurement (GPP) is defined as purchasing which reduces environmental impacts across product or service life cycles. Standardization, as another demand-side measure, complements GPP by shaping standards, which when strategically applied in tenders can drive market demand for environmental products and services and stimulate eco-innovation. However, the uptake of GPP, use of standards, and consideration of innovation in public procurement is limited, and analyses often only consider two of the three. To broaden conceptualizations of innovation in GPP, this paper conducts a review and synthesis of relevant literature to examine roles for standards and standardization in GPP according to innovation life cycle stages, from R&D through to commercialization and diffusion. It develops a conceptual space for product and service innovations according to the purchase of off-the-shelf products or services, incremental adaptations through the public procurement of innovation, and radical innovations using pre-commercial procurement and innovation partnerships. Roles for particular types of standards are examined as inputs to these different mechanisms. Focusing on pre-commercial procurement, standardization is then situated according to distinct stages in the R&D process. Four case studies from literature are applied to support this framework. This paper creates a foundation for integrated understanding of the functions of standards - and applicability of standardization - in demand-side product and process development and market penetration for environmental improvement. Its framework may be used as a conceptual space for public procurers across Europe to better visualize characteristics of products and services when making tender design decisions based on functionality and rewarding performance. Further study should also consider procurer capabilities for sourcing and revealing knowledge to improve procurement outcomes, as ultimately capturing the benefits from GPP hinges upon its ability to be conducted in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite efforts to improve public procurement policies and guidelines in Nigeria, infrastructure delivery experiences several challenges that have hampered economic development, resulting in public infrastructure deficiency of value for money. Identifying drivers of value for money in public infrastructure procurement in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, is the aim of this study. The mixedmethod research design was adopted for this study. Purposeful and snowball sampling techniques were utilized to determine the study respondents. Data collection was implemented using a survey questionnaire. From the systemic literature review, 14 drivers were identified. The dependability of the research instrument was conducted using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test of adequacy and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity. The data obtained from this study was subjected to descriptive statistics and factor analysis. The study findings identified public sector technical innovation and transfer, products and services meeting users' demand, efficient risk allocation, low project life cycle cost, and complementary advantages of public-private partnership as the most significant drivers of value for money in public infrastructure procurement. This study justifies an evident need to highlight and incorporate value-for-money drivers toward efficient and sustainable public infrastructure delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors describe an innovative means of identifying patterns present in systems engineering activity when government organization acquire and build complex information systems. The research uses a Bayesian belief network to model causal relationships present in government acquisitions to create a systems engineering relative effectiveness index model that can be used to identify and analyze systems engineering patterns; and subsequently forecast possible areas of performance risks within projects and organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper presents with example the actual status of E-Government in Romania. We start with an introduction which presents the importance of government implications in public procurement for innovation with concrete data of government's investments and policies for innovation. In this section we include objectives and prior work. We approach our research by presenting web 2. 0 technologies for E-government services with examples from other countries. The article focuses on the actual status of E-government in Romania. The main conclusions of the paper are presented in the end of the article. Our results are summarized in a discussion section. The value and implications of our research is in the area of governmental public sector innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of evaluating the most economically advantageous tender (MEAT) in public procurement rather than lowest price. According to the European Union (EU), evaluations based on MEAT, rather than lowest price, give an advantage to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in winning public procurement contracts because such firms are viewed as sources of innovation. Thus, MEAT as an evaluation criterion is recommended throughout the EU. Using procurement data from Sweden, I find no significant effect on SME participation in procurement calls for tender as a result of the use of MEAT in firm evaluations. However, large firms significantly increase their participation when MEAT is evaluated. Even more importantly, micro, small and medium-sized firms' probability of winning procurement contracts significantly decreases when MEAT rather than lowest price is used as an evaluative criterion. Thus, evaluation in terms of MEAT increases large firms' bids and success rates; hence, this policy is counterproductive. The reasons SMEs are disadvantaged as a result of evaluations based on MEAT are, however, not examined in this paper and require further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore a mechanism of institutional intermediation to sustain public procurement of innovation. By exploring the development of innovative solutions for telecommunications satellites in Italy, this study proposes an analytical view on the role of supporting institutions in public procurement of innovation and discusses the relation between the source of public demand and the contracting companies. Eventually, it argues that a public agency can manage funds, coordinate companies' technological capabilities, and stimulate a sense of cooperation to achieve innovation. The research finds originality in bringing the growing theory concerning public procurement into a dynamic institutional setting to discuss the emerging role of the public competent costumer. The case-analysis shows how institutionalization of an innovation intermediary enables efficient procurement. Propositions prescribe powerful instruments for dealing with market uncertainty and technological complexity, and find the agency to act as a knowledge intermediary and companies coordinator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The literature on public procurement (PP) has increased significantly in recent years, and, to date, several reviews have been conducted to study this relevant subject. Nevertheless, a bibliometric analysis of the PP knowledge domain is still missing. To fill this knowledge gap, a bibliometric review is carried out to investigate the current state of PP research. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 640 journal articles are selected from the Scopus database for the final analysis. The performance indicators of the literature are identified and explained through bibliometric analysis. Furthermore, the conceptual and intellectual structures are studied through a keyword co-occurrence network and bibliographic coupling. Findings: The results of the review indicate that PP research has increased significantly in recent years. The top ten most productive journals, countries, authors and academic institutions are identified. The findings from the keyword co-occurrence network reveal six main research themes including innovation, corruption and green public procurement (GPP). By applying bibliographic coupling, the focus of PP research revolves around seven thematic areas: GPP, corruption, the role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in PP, electronic PP, innovation, labour standards and service acquisition. The research potential of each thematic area is evaluated using a model based on maturity and recent attention (RA). Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to successfully organise, synthesise and quantitatively analyse the development of the PP domain amongst a large number of publications on a large time scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to deepen our understanding of the evolving landscape of public procurement (PP) and emerging technologies (ET). It addresses the critical gap in scholarly production analysis, author collaborations, and thematic trends in PP and ET, providing valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners. Employing a methodology inspired by prior research, this study leveraged advanced bibliometric tools, including Studio R and the Biblioshiny app, for data retrieval, processing, and visualization. This approach facilitated co-citation, source coupling, and network collaboration analyses. Thematic maps and correspondence analysis were used to explore research themes in depth. The findings highlight a significant surge in research interest in the integration of ET in PP since 2018, underlining the growing importance of technology-driven advancements in the field. These insights are vital for shaping policy decisions, spurring innovation, and enhancing PP processes' efficiency, transparency, and sustainability, which are crucial for effective governance and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China the use of public procurement as an innovation policy instrument has been closely associated with the drive to promote indigenous innovation. Implementation was largely through the use of catalogues intended to signal and to formally accredit the supply and demand of technologically-oriented products. This paper reviews these experiences by examining the wider context and three case studies. Accreditation is shown to carry a risk of protectionism. Signaling performs a function analogous to a technology roadmap and was assisted by giving listed technologies priority for public procurement. For both types of instrument the intended mechanism did not work as planned but the broader role they sought to fill was an important factor in bringing innovations to market. The appropriateness and effectiveness of such instruments are shown to be dependent upon the state of both the innovation and the procurement systems in which they are set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation has been at the forefront of procurement policy in Denmark in recent years. The policy incentives emphasize public procurement of innovation as a way to accelerate the development and application of environmental and health technologies, but also as a way to achieve a competitive advantage, growth and job creation. This paper uses a single case study to illustrate the procurement of a chemical-free cleaning system by the local government in Denmark. It describes the public procurement of innovation project in the response to an unsolicited bid from the supplier, and highlights the importance of innovation-friendly procurement practice for supporting innovation. The study identified indirect innovation effects of public procurement and number of conditions that have supported success of public procurement of innovation project such as close and early engagement with supplier; role of supplier acting as a technology champion; competence for applying functional specification; political support; sufficient resource allocation and institutional match between involved organizations. These findings lend support to the idea that public procurement of innovation may have occurred as a result of innovation-friendly procurement practice regardless of the lack of an explicit intention to promote innovation and challenge assumptions on which emerging policy initiatives are based on. These findings also suggest that the local government procurement may have a role to play in supporting innovation that goes beyond current definition of public procurement as a mission-oriented instrument to be exploited for resolving social challenges. These understandings could contribute to further policy development that may lead to a situation where public procurement of innovation is utilized to a greater extent than it is today in Denmark. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Recently, industry policy researchers have been more interested in public procurement, as a "demand side" policy approach. The mainstream exclusively targeted public procurement demand to push innovation and furthermore leads to the "first mover strategy." This paper points out that procurement decisions are likely to have a broader innovation impacts, and mostly via their influence on intermediate outcomes such as the structure of industrial competition. In this paper, the author explores the specific features of public procurement as a competition shaping instrument, and conducts an empirical study to measure the correlations among the competition regulation of procurement contracts awarding, industry competition structure and dominant design cultivation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National innovation policies currently attract intense interest throughout the international community, particularly so in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. China is among those countries now relying heavily on government resources to drive innovation-a policy that directly challenges the prevalent theory that government powers have limited effects on a nation's innovation systems. Since 2006 China's indigenous innovation strategy has transformed the nation's innovation systems. First, through establishing government-led research consortia (collaborations involving leading companies and universities and government-led research institutes) and key government-procurementpolicy tools, China's government was able to increase its control over the resources available for innovation. While, even after 2006, the government has continued to favor "State-Owned Enterprises" (SOEs) as the main elements for indigenous innovation, during this time private enterprises have become significantly more important relative to these government entities. Regional governments have also simultaneously played important roles in developing China's innovation systems. Second, in recent years mega-projects developed by governmentled research consortia have become increasingly important. Rather than just formulating government policies supporting technological advances, China has used market demand to drive technological innovation. This paper examines the results of the mega-projects developed by government-led and other research consortia. Chinese research consortia have been structured in many different forms, some controlled by SOEs, some by universities and government- led research institutes, and some by private enterprises. Research consortia have spread from high-tech to traditional industries. Some enjoy local advantages while others do not. For the case of the recent development of the Time Division- Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) telecommunications standard, both as a beneficiary of the efforts of a large research consortia and as an example of attempting to define a new industrial standard, it is too early to make a final judgment. Recent developments show that, in terms of industrial success, this effort continues to be a high-risk project. New innovation systems are emerging in China in response to the nation's indigenous innovation strategy. The old national innovation system used the central government, SOEs, and universities and government- led research institutes as the major elements. The new systems maintain the central government, SOEs, and universities and government-led research institutes as significant elements but now also are developing innovation from private enterprises, multinational enterprises, and regional governments-with private enterprises significantly becoming the key players. Private enterprises are now generally the final consumer of most of the research and development done in universities and governmentled research institutes and/or supported by government funding. Private enterprises are also now the primary consumers of knowledge spill-over from the various multinational enterprises active in China. However, Chinese efforts in indigenous innovation still face the challenge of building an innovation network with global impact. China's first challenge is determining whether an exceptionally large domestic market alone is adequate to ensure that indigenous innovation will succeed. In some industries, such as telecommunications efforts involving TD-SCDMA technology, the market driving the adoption of new technology and hardware is global. Given this reality, whether a new Chinese-developed standard succeeds in the market depends on whether multinational enterprises choose to adopt the technology. The international value of TD-SCDMA is not yet obvious. Companies with large multinational sales, such as Nokia, have been conser vative concerning the possible use of this technology. With limited multinational adoptions, TD-SCDMA telecommunications handsets remain very expensive. However, the current innovation strategy works more effectively in infrastructure-related industries where domestic markets provide the primary demand. In the high-speed-rail sector, for example, the demand is clear. Budgets available for these projects have been massive and government-led consortia have proven successful in addressing the market. Unfortunately, in most internationally competitive major industries, a strategy that relies primarily on the domestic Chinese market, as exceptionally large as that is, is still limited in its potential. The recent project attempting to market large airplanes provides an example of such a difficulty. China's second challenge to its developing indigenous innovation strategy involves policy conflicts with western countries. Some western countries argue that current Chinese policy is in conflict with commonly used World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements-especially China's public-procurement policies requiring supplier companies to have a Chinese brand, use Chinese intellectual property, and have at least 51 percent Chinese ownership. However, since China is not yet a signatory to the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement, current Chinese policy on public procurement is legally defensible. In conclusion, China's current indigenous innovation strategy is both constructive and efficient for an economy with clear targets for industrial innovation working to catch-up to international standards. For China to succeed as an innovative country, it needs to provide more opportunity for market competition to incubate and generate radical innovations. For the indigenous innovation strategy to succeed, China also needs more open innovation policies than those used in the past. A domestic market that is completely inward-facing will not provide domestic enterprises the space needed to become globally innovative companies. Chinese enterprises cannot succeed if they close themselves off from global technologies. Only open innovation policies will provide Chinese enterprises with the opportunity to succeed in the competition for the next wave of international technological innovation and establish China as a truly innovative nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper aims to increase the understanding of involvement and participation in the co-design of an outcome-based procurement. Design/methodology/approach - First, it presents a relational model for performing co-design activities. Second, it examines how the model might be applied in performing an outcome-based procurement. Third, it presents a Web-based platform for co-designing procurement, developed according to the relational model. Fourth, it illustrates the model with a concrete procurement where the collaboration is mainly performed face to face, but partly mediated by the Web-based platform. Findings - As a conclusion, the relational co-design model seems to work well in framing the core tasks of an outcome-based procurement. In spite of that, the Web-based platform does not direct the user enough to perform procurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities present new challenges and needs to satisfy and improve lifestyle for their citizens under the concept “Smart City”. In order to achieve this goal in a global manner, new technologies are required as the robotic one. But Public entities unknown the possibilities offered by this technology to get solutions to their needs. In this paper the development of the Innovative Public Procurement instruments is explained, specifically the process PDTI (Public end Users Driven Technological Innovation) as a driving force of robotic research and development and offering a list of robotic urban challenges proposed by European cities that have participated in such a process. In the next phases of the procedure, this fact will provide novel robotic solutions addressed to public demand that are an example to be followed by other Smart Cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To induce innovation in the public sector, Directive 2014/24/EU encourages internal and external consultation during the procurement process. However, little is known regarding the prominence of these practices. Determining the extent of knowledge sourcing in innovation procurement across 28 European countries, this paper presents an institutional cluster analysis, examining heterogeneity across knowledge sourcing activities, procurement areas, and tender innovation outcomes for 1,505 public procurers from 2008-2010. Building upon existing taxonomies, three types of procuring agencies are identified: Large collaborative agencies practicing public procurement of innovation (31%); supplier-focused pre-commercial procurers (20%); and direct procurers at the municipal level (49%). Validation supports this heterogeneity, using innovation outcomes and policy drivers. At the country level, Spain, the United Kingdom, Italy, Germany and Poland are most represented in respective clusters. Findings enable predictions regarding impacts on agencies and innovation from the new public procurement directive's translation into national law by Member States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article empirically analyzes the link between public procurement (PP) and innovation activities, by taking into account the moderating effect played by import penetration on PP. Using industry-level information on patent applications for 24 countries over the period 1995–2012, we test the impact of PP on innovation activities and whether and in which direction import penetration on PP impacts on patenting. The econometric analysis relies on Poisson regression techniques aiming to investigate the correlation between patent counts, supply- as well as demand-side determinants, and controlling for country and sector heterogeneity. The obtained results confirm our main hypotheses. The dynamics of patenting is positively affected by the PP, while a high degree of import penetration reduces the innovation enhancing effect exerted by public demand. Our results suggest that public demand may represent an effective tool for industrial policy to stimulate innovative activities, shape the transformation of production systems, and foster industrial renewal. Moreover, the empirical evidence shows that the strategy regarding the degree of openness in PP toward nondomestic firms is a crucial policy choice capable of affecting the innovative potential of public demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]