Search

We aim to study the the reliability and factorial structure of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ)administered through two different formats, offline (paper-and-pencil) and online. We also compared clinical, obstetrical, reproductive, and psychopathological variables related to poor mother infant bonding (MIB). A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,269 mothers. The offline group included 812 women who attended a 40-day postpartum clinical appointment. The online group consisted of 457 women recruited during admission for delivery who volunteered to carry out the online protocol 40 days postpartum. All the participants individually completed the PBQ, the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and other clinical and sociodemographic variables. The 4-factor solution proposed in the PBQ and its Spanish validation showed good model fit for both samples. Online participants reported higher levels of stress, depressive symptoms, and poor bonding, specifically on PBQ scores and the Rejection and Anger subscales. No differences were found in both samples regarding the type of statistical associations between PBQ and sociodemographic, reproductive, obstetric and psychological outcomes. Online assessment may be an appropriate option for detecting possible alterations in MIB due to the reduction of desirability bias, the increased perception of anonymity, and being a more cost-effective method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the importance of the stigma construct for the rehabilitation of people with severe mental illness, there are still no scales that offer a measurement for public stigma in Spanish with good psychometric properties. The aim of this paper is to refine and improve an existing scale to measure public stigma towards people with severe mental illness among the Spanish population. We also intended to decrease the number of items in order to facilitate its applicability. 402 college students (73% women) responded to the attributional questionnaire (AQ27) in two subsamples. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis with high cutoffs were conducted. The convergent validity with the resource allocation questionnaire was also tested. We have obtained a parsimonious tool, with 14 items and four factors, and some reliable psychometric indexes and convergent validity. The factors obtained were dangerousness-fear, lack of solidarity, coercion and avoidance. These results improve the findings from other studies that try to validate the AQ27 in other languages. We discuss the different factors that should be considered in the estimation of public stigma and the necessity to implement programmes to reduce it to enable recovery. Since the public stigma of mental illness is an obstacle to recovery and rehabilitation, reliable instruments are needed to assess it. A parsimonious instrument in Spanish with good psychometric characteristics for measuring public stigma is obtained. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, a questionnaire of 14 items is obtained. Four factors constitute the instrument: "dangerousness-fear", "coercion", "lack of solidarity", and "avoidance". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assist higher education institutions in meeting the challenge of limited student engagement in the implementation of Learning Analytics services, the Questionnaire for Student Expectations of Learning Analytics (SELAQ) was developed. This instrument contains 12 items, which are explained by a purported two‐factor structure of "Ethical and Privacy Expectations" and "Service Feature Expectations." As it stands, however, the SELAQ has only been validated with students from UK university, which is problematic on account of the interest in Learning Analytics extending beyond this context. Thus, the aim of the current work was to assess whether the translated SELAQ can be validated in three contexts (an Estonian, a Spanish, and a Dutch University). The findings show that the model provided acceptable fits in both the Spanish and Dutch samples, but was not supported in the Estonian student sample. In addition, an assessment of local fit is undertaken for each sample, which provides important points that need to be considered in future work. Finally, a general comparison of expectations across contexts is undertaken, which are discussed in relation to the General Data Protection Regulation (2018). Lay Description: What is currently known about the subject matter: Accounting for student expectations allows for a service that is meaningful.SELAQ measures student expectations towards Learning Analytics services.The 12 items of the SELAQ can be explained by a two‐factor structure (Ethical and Privacy Expectations and Service Feature Expectations). What their paper adds to this: Validation of the SELAQ in three contextsA discussion of localized sources of strainAn assessment of measurement quality in each contextA general comparison of student expectations across contexts The implications of study findings for practitioners: SELAQ can be used with Spanish and Dutch students.SELAQ responses provide a much needed input from end‐users in Learning Analytics implementations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary What is known on the subject? In general, the current studies of positive mental health use questionnaires or parts thereof. However, while these questionnaires evaluate aspects of positive mental health, they fail to measure the construct itself., What does this paper add to existing knowledge? The widespread use and the lack of specific questionnaires for evaluating the positive mental health construct justify the need to measure the robustness of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire. Also six factors are proposed to measure positive mental health., What are the implications for practice? The availability of a good questionnaire to measure positive mental health in university students is useful not only to promote mental health but also to strengthen the curricula of future professionals., Abstract Introduction Nursing has a relevant role in managing mental health. It is important to identify and thereafter to enhance positive aspects of mental health among university nursing students. Aim The aim of the present study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire ( PMHQ) in terms of reliability and validity using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of university students. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 1091 students at 4 nursing schools in Catalonia, Spain. The reliability of the PMHQ was measured by means of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the test-retest stability was measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the validity of the factorial structure. Results Cronbach's alpha coefficient was satisfactory (>0.70) for four of the six subscales or dimensions and ranged from 0.54 to 0.79. ICC analysis was satisfactory for the six subscales or dimensions. The hypothesis was confirmed in the analysis of the correlations between subclasses and the overall scale, with the strongest correlations being found between the majority of the subscales and the overall scale. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model proposed for the factors fit the data satisfactorily. Discussion This scale is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating positive mental health in university students. Implications for Practice A good questionnaire to measure positive mental health in university students is useful not only to promote mental health but also to strengthen the curricula of future professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To psychometrically assess the Spanish version of the Self‐Care of Chronic Illness Inventory (SC‐CII‐Sp) in community‐dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity. Design: A methodological study. Method: A total of 1260 older adults participated in the study between May 2020 and February 2022. The data were analysed using SPSS Statistics® 26 and AMOS® 24. The items' content validity index and the Fleiss' kappa were calculated to assess the SC‐CII‐Sp's content validity. Convergent validity was assessed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient between the participants' scores on the SC‐CII‐Sp and their scores on the Spanish Chronic Disease Self‐Efficacy scale (SCD‐SE). Construct validity was tested by performing a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The SC‐CII‐Sp's reliability was tested by computing the Cronbach's alpha. Results: The SC‐CII‐Sp showed good content and convergent validity. The CFA showed that the SC‐CII‐Sp has three sub‐scales. The 8‐item Self‐Care Maintenance sub‐scale has good internal consistency and is comprised of two dimensions: illness‐related and health‐promoting behaviour. The Self‐Care Monitoring sub‐scale had excellent internal consistency and its five loaded items belonged to a single dimension. The 6‐item Self‐Care Management sub‐scale has adequate internal consistency and two dimensions: autonomous and consulting behaviour. Conclusion: The Spanish version of SC‐CII is a valid and reliable instrument to be used in the assessment of self‐care behaviours amongst Spanish‐speaking, community‐dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity. Implications for the Profession: Nurses need valid and reliable tools to assess self‐care behaviours in Spanish‐speaking community‐dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity. This study provides a 19‐item tool that allows for the comprehensive evaluation of self‐care behaviours in healthy and ill states. Impact: Using the SC‐CII‐Sp in clinical or research settings could help nurses to examine the effects of different interventions on self‐care behaviours amongst Spanish‐speaking, community‐dwelling older adults with chronic multimorbidity. Patient or Public Contribution: None to be reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress and stressors related to clinical practice are some of the main reasons for the discomfort reported by nursing students. It is important to identify the causes of stress and seek strategies to reduce the stress levels in nursing students. Clinical training seminars have proven to be a useful tool to reduce stress levels. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a series of clinical training seminars on the levels of stress and perception of stress factors before the start of clinical practice among undergraduate Spanish nursing students. A two-phase, sequential mixed-methods design was used. For the quantitative phase, data were collected using Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale and the KEZKAK questionnaire before and after the clinical training seminars. Qualitative data were collected through a focus group session held after the clinical training period. The results show a significant reduction (p = 0.002) in perceived stress levels after the clinical training seminars, and also a change in students' perception of stressors in the clinical placement. This study provides valuable information for the development of content for clinical training seminars. Universities should develop strategies to reduce stress in their students caused by the clinical placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental awareness of the ecological problems caused by this climate crisis and its impact on global health has been growing globally. Nurses are health care agents that usually hurt the environment and contribute to the unsustainability of the care system. Such behavior is perpetuated without the nurses' awareness and is even magnified by the current pandemic, jeopardizing the health systems and the Sustainable Development Goals. However, there is no Spanish version of any survey that measures the awareness of these agents, only the Nurses Environmental Awareness Tool (NEAT) is available. The current research presents a unique investigation based on a mixed method, using the Spanish version of the NEAT, also called NEAT-es. The results of the mixed analysis (N = 376), a cognitive interview, and descriptive analysis indicated perfect consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.80), better than the original. The survey validation achieved higher values and can be used to measure environmental awareness in Spain and Spanish-speaking countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS-20) is well validated in adults and younger populations, but not in older adults. This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the PASS-20 in Spanish older adults who experience chronic pain. Participants were 111 older adults with chronic pain living in nursing homes (mean age = 83.36; SD = 6.53; 78.6% female). Face-to-face interviews were conducted which included assessment of pain anxiety (PASS-20), chronic pain acceptance (CPAQ), depression symptoms (GDS), catastrophizing beliefs (PCS), pain severity, and sociodemographic information. An Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) approach was used to refine the scale. The final scale was composed of seven items, measuring two factors that could be labeled "Internal experiences" and "Escape/Avoidance behaviors". The two factors explained 60.98% of the total variance. PASS-7 version fit properly: χ2/df = 14.57/13, CMIN/df = 1.121, CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.033, TLI = 0.98, GFI = 0.96, AGFI = 0.92. Good validity indices were found and acceptable reliability results in the scale and its subscales (Chronbach´s α; Internal Experiences = 0.70; Escape/Avoidance Behaviors= 0.73; Total Scale = 0.77). The short version of the PASS-7 has good psychometric properties. The brevity of the PASS-7 increases the feasibility of this instrument which could potentially be utilized in a variety of clinical settings and research studies with older people with chronic pain samples, specially institutionalized older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A validated questionnaire to measure the contributions of nursing students to clinical settings could potentially assist in the improved management of students in healthcare institutions. Aim: To develop and test the psychometric properties of the questionnaire 'Nursing Student Contributions to Clinical Settings' (CEEEC, Spanish acronym for 'Contribuciones de los Estudiantes de Enfermería a los Entornos Clínicos'). Design: Instrument design and psychometric testing. Participants/settings: A multicentre study involving 1,098 nursing professionals from three universities and five hospitals of Spain, between January 2019 and March 2020. Methods: The study was carried out in two phases. Phase 1 involved the questionnaire design by experts (n = 28), which required a review of the available literature, cognitive interviews and Delphi rounds, and a preliminary validity study, which included a pilot test with responses from a sample of nurses (n = 143). Phase 2 involved a formal validation with a wider sample of nurses (n = 927), including factor analysis and a study of convergent validity with the Practice Environment Scale‐Nursing Work Index and Health Sciences‐Evidence Based Practice. Results: Experts selected 42 items on student contributions. After cognitive interviews, three items were eliminated and seven failed to reach the minimum content validity index (78%). Based on the remaining 32 items, the discrimination index of each item was calculated, and those with <0.3, eight items were sequentially eliminated. The resulting questionnaire contained 24 items grouped into a single factor, which explained 41% of the variance. The internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's alpha: 0.94), and the convergent validity was confirmed. Conclusions: A 24‐item questionnaire was designed and validated to measure the contributions of nursing students to clinical practice settings. Impact: Most hospitals are also teaching centres where nursing students undergo clinical practice. The application of this test will provide insight into the nursing professionals' perception of the students' role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To develop a preliminary clinical validation the NANDA‐I nursing diagnosis "Grieving" in cases of perinatal loss. METHODS: Descriptive cross‐sectional study using the Fehring model. FINDINGS: The overall clinical validity index for the diagnosis was 0.15. Only four defining characteristics and five manifestations identified in the literature were validated. CONCLUSIONS: The variability of manifestations identified in the study participants is considered to be detrimental to the overall clinical validity index. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: The clinical validity of the diagnosis could not be substantiated by the preliminary results of this study and, therefore, additional research is necessary to determine the ability of the diagnosis to adapt to perinatal loss situations in real contexts. Some manifestations have been proposed to NANDA‐I for inclusion as defining characteristics in the nursing diagnosis of grieving. OBJETIVO: Validar clínicamente de forma preliminar el diagnóstico enfermero NANDA‐I duelo en caso de pérdida perinatal. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo transversal usando el modelo de Fehring. RESULTADOS: El índice de validez clínica global del diagnóstico fue de 0.15. Se validaron únicamente cuatro características definitorias y cinco manifestaciones identificadas en la literatura. CONCLUSIONES: Se considera que la variabilidad de las manifestaciones presentadas por los participantes actuó en detrimento del índice de validación clínica global. IMPLICACIONES PARA LA PRÁCTICA ENFERMERA: La validez clínica del diagnóstico no pudo ser corroborada por los resultados preliminares de este estudio y, por tanto, se necesita investigación adicional para terminar la capacidad de este diagnóstico para adaptarse a las situaciones de pérdidas perinatales en contexto reales. Se han propuesto a NANDA‐I algunas manifestaciones para que sean incluidas como Características Definitorias del diagnóstico enfermero Duelo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presenteeism is defined as the presence of the worker at their workplace despite not being in optimal physical or mental conditions. Presenteeism is a phenomenon that has been poorly studied in the context of healthcare. Despite the many negative consequences associated with presenteeism, to date, no studies have investigated this issue in nurses in Spain. The objective was to develop and validate a questionnaire on presenteeism to be used by nursing staff in Spain. Methods: A psychometric study for the development and validation of a questionnaire. The PRESENCA® questionnaire on presenteeism was created by a panel of experts, based on a survey comprised of 31 Likert-type items. Results: In total, 355 nurses completed the questionnaire. The factorial analysis revealed the existence of 3 factors and confirmed appropriate levels of validity and reliability (alpha = 0.729). Conclusions: The PRESENCA® questionnaire is the first tool developed and validated in Spanish for the assessment of presenteeism in nursing. Our findings demonstrate that this scale has appropriate psychometric properties and its use may facilitate the detection of presenteeism among professionals. As a result, use of this questionnaire may contribute towards the improvement of clinical safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postnatal sense of security is a relevant construct related to several variables of motherhood. However, it has not yet been studied in the Spanish context. The aims were: (a) To analyze the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Mothers' Postnatal Sense of Security Scale (PPSS‐S); (b) analyze the factors related to mothers' sense of security during the first 2 weeks following childbirth (sociodemographic variables and factors related to maternity); and (c) examine the predictive utility that mothers' sense of security has on symptoms of postpartum depression 6–11 months after childbirth. This was a prospective longitudinal study performed in the first 6–11 months post‐partum in four regions of Spain. A total of 928 mothers whose mean age was 33.67 years (standard deviation = 4.54) participated. The confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate adjustment to the original structure (χ2 = 17,272.79, df = 153, p <.001; Tucker–Lewis index = 0.98; comparative fit index = 0.98; root mean square error of approximation = 0.058 [0.053‐0.063])and the overall internal consistency was 0.89. Direct relationships were shown between women' sense of security and already having had a child, the absence of postpartum health complications (either in the mother or the newborn) and receiving consistent information from healthcare professionals. Our results showed adequate evidence for the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the PPSS‐S. Understanding mothers' sense of security during the early months of motherhood, as well as related factors in the postpartum period, will allow health professionals to implement preventive measures to promote mental health and could help reduce symptoms of postpartum depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It may be considered esthetic violence when social demands regarding beauty affect and manipulate the development of individual identity and body image to respond to supposed prevailing ideals in society. We design and validate an instrument for measuring the degree of social assimilation of such stereotypes regarding beauty and body image linked to gender. The questionnaire was developed from a sample of 918 Spanish adults who participated online to develop it. The questionnaire was composed of 23 items. The assessment of preconceived images of bodily perfection provides examples of how esthetic violence affects the health of both men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to assess how disease burden caused by chronic conditions is related to mortality (predictive validity) and other health outcomes (convergent validity). This was studied in 625 community-dwelling adults living in Spain aged 65 years and older. Disease burden was measured with the Disease Burden Morbidity Assessment (DBMA). The association with 5-year mortality was assessed using a Cox model and Kaplan–Meier curves. For convergent validity, mean age, sex ratio, patient-centered outcomes and healthcare utilization were compared for high and low DBMA scores (< 10 vs. ≥ 10). Also, a multivariable linear regression model was used to evaluate the DBMA as a function of these variables. Mean DBMA score in our sample was 7.5. After 5 years, 35 participants had died (5.5%). The Cox model displayed a hazard ratio of 1.07, and the Kaplan–Meier curves showed lower survival for high DBMA scores. Among participants with high DBMA scores, low self-perceived health, disability and female sex were more frequent, and this group showed lower mean scores for quality of life (Personal Wellbeing Index), affect balance (Scale of Positive and Negative Experience) and physical activity (Yale Physical Activity Survey), higher mean age and higher healthcare utilization than persons with low DBMA scores. In the multivariable regression, all variables but age were significantly associated with the DBMA. In conclusion, the DBMA showed satisfactory predictive and convergent validity. In our aging society, it can be applied to better understand and improve care for older persons with multiple chronic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study was to validate the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), a measure of psychosocial functional impairment, in Spanish-speaking individuals with bipolar disorder. A sample of 120 patients with bipolar disorder and 97 healthy individuals completed the WSAS to analyze its factor structure and reliability. Patients also completed measures of personal recovery and quality of life (QOL). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a one-factor model explained data adequately, with all factor loadings proving to be significant. Cronbach's alphas indicated excellent internal consistency in the sample of individuals with bipolar disorder and the sample of healthy individuals. Significant negative correlations between the WSAS and personal recovery and QOL demonstrated good concurrent validity. Impairment on the WSAS was higher for the patient sample, confirming known-group validity of the scale. Thus, Spanish validation of the WSAS demonstrated it to be a sound self-reported measure of psychosocial functioning impairment in individuals with bipolar disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STUDY DESIGN: Clinical measurement study. BACKGROUND: Achilles tendinopathy is a prevalent sport-related injury. The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire is a widely used patient-reported outcome to assess the severity of symptoms for this injury. OBJECTIVE: To adapt the VISA-A questionnaire into Spanish and to assess its psychometric properties. METHODS: Cross-cultural adaptation was conducted according to recommended guidelines. The Spanish VISA-A (VISA-A-Sp) questionnaire was administered to 210 subjects: 70 healthy students, 70 active at-risk subjects (participating in running and jumping), and 70 patients diagnosed with Achilles tendinopathy. Participants were assessed at baseline and after 3 to 5 days. The injured subjects were also evaluated with a quality-oflife questionnaire (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey [SF-36]) and at discharge. The final VISA-A-Sp was evaluated for reliability, validity, and responsiveness. RESULTS: Cronbach alpha for the VISA-A-Sp was greater than .8. The intraclass correlation coefficient (model 2,1) was 0.993 (95% confidence interval: 0.991, 0.995; P<.05). In the confirmatory factor analysis, a 1-factor solution obtained a relatively good fit. Subjects with Achilles tendinopathy scored significantly lower than the other 2 groups (P<.001). The VISA-A-Sp score within the Achilles tendinopathy group showed significant correlations with SF-36 physical components (Spearman rho>0.5, P<.001). The standard error of the measurement was 2.53, and the minimal detectable change at the 95% confidence level was 7 points. The responsiveness indicators included an effect size of 2.16 and a standardized response mean of 1.92. CONCLUSION: The VISA-A-Sp showed satisfactory psychometric properties that were comparable to the original English-language version. Therefore, it can be recommended for use in clinical practice and research for assessing the severity of symptoms in Spanish-speaking athletes who suffer from Achilles tendinopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To develop and psychometrically evaluate a questionnaire based on the outcome 'Knowledge: Breast-feeding' of the Nursing Outcomes Classification ( NOC) to determine the knowledge of parents on breast-feeding. Background The NOC outcome 'Knowledge: Breast-feeding' allows for nurses/midwives to assess the efficacy of interventions aimed to improve the knowledge on breast-feeding in parents thought the clinical interview/observation. However, the use of self-administered questionnaires by patients could facilitate its evaluation. Methods Two-phased study: (1) Development of the questionnaire based on experts' opinions; (2) Methodological design to assess its psychometric properties. Implications for Nursing Practice The availability of tools that enable the determination of the knowledge of patients would facilitate nurses/midwives to set objectives, individualize interventions, and measure their effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The job-related affective well-being measure developed by Warr (1990, J. Occup. Psychol., 63, 193) has been a frequently used tool estimating affect in the work context. The main purpose of this study was to test the measurement invariance of the instrument across cultures and genders. The model with four correlated factors, representing anxiety, comfort, depression, and enthusiasm, had a superior fit compared to alternative models in a sample of 807 employees and was used as the basis of measurement invariance tests. The results of multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed partial metric invariance across samples of employees from the Netherlands ( n = 254), Poland ( n = 436), and Spain ( n = 207), as well as full scalar invariance across genders (female n = 323; male n = 466). This indicates that cross-cultural comparisons of relationships between job-related affect as measured with this instrument and other constructs can be meaningful. Additionally, mean scores on the scales of the instrument can be meaningfully compared across genders, but not across countries. Practitioner points Warr's job-related affective well-being measure is a valid and reliable operationalization of four correlated affective dimensions: anxiety, comfort, depression, and enthusiasm., Mean scores on these dimensions can be meaningfully compared across genders, but comparisons of mean scores between countries should be interpreted with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a randomized trial. BACKGROUND: A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) most likely to respond to manual physical therapy has been published but requires further testing to determine its validity. OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of a clinical prediction rule proposed for the management of patients with CTS in a different group of patients with a variety of treating clinicians. METHODS: A preplanned secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of manual physical therapies, including desensitization maneuvers of the central nervous system, in 120 women suffering from CTS was performed. Patients were randomized to receive 3 sessions of manual physical therapy (n = 60) or surgical release/decompression of the carpal tunnel (n = 60). Self-perceived improvement with a global rating of change was recorded at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Pain intensity (mean pain and worst pain on a 0-to-10 numeric pain-rating scale) and scores on the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (functional status and symptom severity subscales) were assessed at baseline and at 1,3, 6, and 12 months. A baseline assessment of status on the clinical prediction rule was performed (positive status on the clinical prediction rule was defined as meeting at least 2 of the following criteria: pressure pain threshold of less than 137 kPa over the affected C5-6 joint; heat pain threshold of less than 39.6°C over the affected carpal tunnel; and general health score [Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey] of greater than 66 points). Linear mixed models with repeated measures were used to examine the validity of the rule. RESULTS: Participants with a positive status on the rule who received manual physical therapy did not experience greater improvements compared to those with a negative status on the rule for mean pain (P = .65), worst pain (P = .86), function (P = .99), or symptom severity (P = .85). Further, the clinical prediction rule performed no better than chance in identifying the individuals with CTS most likely to respond to manual physical therapy or surgery (mean pain, P = .87; worst pain, P = .91; function, P = .60; severity, P = .66). No differences in self-perceived improvement were observed at either 6 (P = .68) or 12 (P = .36) months, according to the rule. CONCLUSION: The results of this study did not support the validity of the previously developed clinical prediction rule for manual physical therapy in women with CTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives This study aimed to translate the community nursing version of the Developing Evidence-Based Practice questionnaire, adapt the Spanish translation to the primary care context in Spain, and evaluate its reliability and validity. Background Instruments available in Spanish to date are not designed to rigorously evaluate barriers and incentives associated with evidence-based practice implementation in community health nursing. Design Classical Test Theory approach. Methods The 49-item Developing Evidence-Based Practice questionnaire was translated, back-translated and pilot-tested. Two items were added to assess respondents' ability to read and understand the English language. During the first six months of 2010, 513 nurses from 255 primary health care centres in Catalunya (Spain) voluntarily participated in the study. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated. Internal structure was analysed by principal component analysis. A randomized, controlled, parallel-design study was carried out to test scores' sensitivity to change with two groups, intervention and control. The intervention consisted of eight hours of in-person training, provided by experts in evidence-based practice. Results Of 513 nurses, 445 (86·7%) nurses responded to all 51 items. Factor analysis showed six components that explained 51% of the total variance. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were satisfactory (Cronbach α and intraclass correlation coefficients >0·70). A total of 93 nurses participated in the sensitivity-to-change tests (42 in the intervention group, 51 controls). After the training session, overall score and the 'skills for evidence-based practice' component score showed a medium (Cohen d = 0·69) and large effect (Cohen d = 0·86), respectively. Conclusions The Developing Evidence-Based Practice questionnaire adapted to community health nursing in the primary care setting in Spain has satisfactory psychometric properties. Relevance to clinical practice The Developing Evidence-Based Practice questionnaire is a useful tool for planning and evaluating the implementation of evidence-based practice in community health nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The working or helping alliance is one of the most widely studied constructs in psychotherapy process research. Aim: The aim of this study was to adapt the patient and therapist forms of the Revised Helping Alliance Questionnaire II (HAq-II-P and HAq-II-T, respectively) into Spanish. Method: The two measurement instruments were adapted through a systematic translation process, a pilot study and a clinical study. The psychometric properties were examined following the third psychotherapy session. Results: Mean scores on the Spanish-language HAq-II-P and HAq-II-T were high. The corrected item-total correlations for >94% of the items were >0.30. Cronbach's α values for internal consistency were 0.88 and 0.93, respectively. Correlations for convergent validity with the respective versions of the Spanish-language Working Alliance Inventory were 0.80 and 0.87, respectively. In terms of predictive validity, there was a significant correlation between HAq-II-T and the patients' residual gain scores on the Spanish-language Beck Depression Inventory after the tenth psychotherapy session. Conclusions: These results are consistent with studies using the original English versions of the HAq-II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parenting practices should be assessed and taken into account at an early age, since it is well documented that they are strongly related to children's development. This study provides data on the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire for Preschool children (APQ-Pr). A community sample of 622 (310 boys and 312 girls) 3 year-old children and their parents, participated in the study. Data were obtained from parents' reports and correspond to a semi-structured diagnostic interview and self-report questionnaires evaluating parenting and children's psychological states. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor solution: positive parenting, inconsistent parenting and punitive parenting. These scales scores showed moderate to good internal consistence (omega values ranged from .54 to .86). Inconsistent parenting scores achieved the strongest associations with external measures of psychopathology, especially for externalizing and conduct problems, as well as for functional impairment, the poorest associations being for the positive parenting scores. Results support the validity of the Spanish APQ-Pr, which is potentially a useful measure for the study of parenting practices regarding preschool children and their relation to conduct problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To investigate and understand patient's satisfaction with nursing care in the intensive care unit to identify the dimensions of the concept of 'satisfaction' from the patient's point of view. To design and validate a questionnaire that measures satisfaction levels in critical patients. Background There are many instruments capable of measuring satisfaction with nursing care; however, they do not address the reality for critical patients nor are they applicable in our context. Design A dual approach study comprising: a qualitative phase employing Grounded Theory and a quantitative and descriptive phase to prepare and validate the questionnaire. Methods Data collection in the qualitative phase will consist of: in-depth interview after theoretical sampling, on-site diary and expert discussion group. The sample size will depend on the expected theoretical saturation n = 27-36. Analysis will be based on Grounded Theory. For the quantitative phase, the sampling will be based on convenience ( n = 200). A questionnaire will be designed on the basis of qualitative data. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used. The validation will be developed on the basis of the validity of the content, the criteria of the construct and reliability of the instrument by the Cronbach's alpha and test-retest approach. Approval date for this protocol was November 2010. Discussion Self-perceptions, beliefs, experiences, demographic, socio-cultural epistemological and political factors are determinants for satisfaction, and these should be taken into account when compiling a questionnaire on satisfaction with nursing care among critical patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The Work Role Functioning Questionnaire (WRFQ) is a tool developed in the United States to measure work disability and assess the perceived impact of health problems on worker ability to perform jobs. We translated and adapted the WRFQ to Spanish spoken in Spain and assessed preservation of its psychometric properties. Methods Cross-cultural adaptation of the WRFQ was performed following a systematic 5-step procedure: (1) direct translation, (2) synthesis, (3) back-translation, (4) consolidation by an expert committee and (5) pre-test. Psychometric properties were evaluated by administering the questionnaire to 40 patients with different cultural levels and health problems. Applicability, usability, readability and integrity of the WRFQ were assessed, together with its validity and reliability. Results Questionnaire translation, back translation and consolidation were carried out without relevant difficulties. Idiomatic issues requiring reformulation were found in the instructions, response options and in 2 items. Participants appreciated the applicability, usability, readability and integrity of the questionnaire. The results indicated good face and content validity. Internal consistency was satisfactory for all subscales (Cronbach's alpha between 0.88 and 0.96), except for social demands (Cronbach's alpha = 0.56). Test-retest reliability showed good stability, with intraclass correlation coefficients between 0.77 and 0.93 for all subscales. Construct validity was considered preserved based on the comparison of median scores for each patient group and subscale. Conclusions Our results indicate the cross-cultural adaptation of the WRFQ to Spanish was satisfactory and preserved its psychometric properties, except for the subscale of social demands, whose internal consistency should be interpreted with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To report the adaptation into Spanish and psychometric testing of the Position on Nursing Diagnosis scale. Background The Position on Nursing Diagnosis is a scale that uses the semantic differential technique to measure nurses' attitudes towards the nursing diagnosis concept. Design Methodological design. Method The scale was cross-culturally adapted through a process including translation, comparison with versions in other languages, back-translation, review, and pre-testing. An opportunistic sample of 621 Spanish registered nurses was recruited from August-December 2011. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Construct validity, using both exploratory factor analysis and the known-group technique, and concurrent validity were assessed. Findings The Position on Nursing Diagnosis-Spanish Version was obtained from the cross-cultural adaptation process. High internal consistency and satisfactory test-retest reliability over a two week period ( n = 240) were found. In the principal component analysis, all items loaded strongly on a single-factor which accounted for adequate variance, supporting the unidimensionality of the scale. A statistically significant difference was found comparing the scores of nurses who were members of the Spanish Association of Nomenclature, Taxonomy and Nursing Diagnosis and those who were not. Concurrent validity was supported by the significant correlation found between the scores and the degree of nursing diagnosis utilization and attendance to training sessions. Conclusion The findings support the validity and reliability of the Position on Nursing Diagnosis-Spanish Version for its use among Spanish registered nurses as a measurement of their attitude towards the nursing diagnosis concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We performed a comprehensive assessment of the psychometrics of the "Psychosocial Aspects in Hereditary Cancer" (PAHC) questionnaire in French, German and Spanish. Methods: Women consecutively approached in Cancer Genetic Clinics completed the PAHC, distress and satisfaction questionnaires at pre‐testing (T1) and after test result disclosure (T2). In addition to standard psychometric attributes, we assessed the PAHC ability to respond to change (i.e. improvement or deterioration from T1 to T2) in perceived difficulties and computed minimal important differences (MID) in PAHC scores as compared with self‐reported needs for additional counselling. Results: Of 738 eligible counselees, 214 (90%) in France (Paris), 301 (92%) in Germany (Cologne) and 133 (77%) in Spain (Barcelona) completed the PAHC. A six‐factor revised PAHC model yielded acceptable CFA goodness‐of‐fit indexes and good all scales internal consistencies. PAHC scales demonstrated expected conceptual differences with distress and satisfaction with counselling. Different levels of psychosocial difficulties were evidenced between counselees' subgroups and over time (p‐values <.05). MID estimates ranged from 8 to 15 for improvement and 9 to 21 for deterioration. Conclusion: The PAHC French, German and Spanish versions are reliable and valid for evaluating the psychosocial difficulties of women at high BC risk attending genetic clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]